TORO 400 LP STEERING

11. STEERING

11.1. Main components

V307
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
NON--RETURN VALVE

A307
EMERGENCY
STEERING
PUMP UNIT
(OPTION)

NON--RETURN VALVE
P301
DOUBLE PUMP

HYDRAULIC OIL TANK A301 A301

CYLINDER CYLINDER

V302
STEERING MAIN VALVE

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 199 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP
11.2. Hydraulic diagram

TO BUCKET VALVE V204

PILOT PRESSURE

200 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107

TORO 400 LP STEERING

11.3. System Description

The machine has center--articulated load sensing power steering with two steering
cylinders. The inboard section of converter mounted double pump (P301) delivers oil to
a hydraulically controlled steering main valve (V302). The steering pilot pressure is
controlled with hydraulic control joystick (V101). Turning the joystick causes the valve to
open and let the pilot pressure to enter the main valve spool end. Pilot pressure is
regulated to 35 bar in the brake valve assembly. If the cabin door is open, the pilot system
pressure is cut off with check valve (V111) and turning the machine is impossible.
Steering joystick in neutral position, the steering system oil flows to through the steering
main valve (V302) to the bucket main valve (V204).

11.4. Functional description of components

11.4.1. Steering control joystick V101

When moving the steering pilot control

lever (V101), pilot pressure (35 bar) flows
from control valve to main valve (V302)
and moves the main valve spools. High
pressure oil flows through main valve
(V302) to steering cylinders (A301) and
the machine turns. When the steering
control joystick is returned to the center
position the pressure affecting on the main
valve spools is relieved and the centering
springs centralize the spool so that the
cylinder ports will be closed.

11.4.2. Steering main valve V302

The steering main valve (V302) is fitted

with a built--in relief valve which governs
the circuit pressure. The pressure relief
valve setting is 21,0 MPa (210 bar). The
pressure can be set by turning an
adjusting screw on the valve body. The
valve also has relief valves for outside
shock loads. These valves work if some
outer load causes overpressure in the
circuit and protects the components from
damage. Opening pressure of the shock
load valves in the steering cylinder circuit
is 12,0 MPa (120 bar).
Check valve V111
Functional description of the check valve
is presented in chapter “Boom / Bucket
hydraulics”.

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 201 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP
11.5. Emergency steering (option)

Emergency steering turns on if the engine stops for some reason. When the engine is
running, coil K011 drives time delayed coil K096 energized. When the engine stops the
time delayed coil remains energized for 30 seconds and coil K011 drives voltage through
the connectors of the time delayed coil to coil K010. Electric motor M320 turns on and
pumps oil flow for steering. Emergency steering works for 30 seconds. Emergency
steering can be tested with switch S056 when in pre--operational mode (engine is turned
off and ignition key S004 is in position “I”).

Pump unit A307 (1)

When the emergency steering is turned
on, the pump unit capacity provides the 3 2
steering main valve with the hydraulic
pressure required for steering the
machine. The pump is powered by
electric motor M320.
Pressure relief valve V307 (2)
The pressure relief valve limits the
pressure to 80 bar on the pressure side
of the pump unit. 1
Non--return valve (3)
Does not allow the capacity of pump
P301 to flow to the pressure side of
pump unit A307 in a normal operating
situation.
Non--return valve (4)
Does not allow the capacity of pump unit
A307 to flow to the pressure side of
double pump P301.

202 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107

TORO 400 LP STEERING

11.6. Steering cylinder

When the wheels face straight ahead, cylinder extension is 50%. If the machine is turned
to the left, the right cylinder extends and the left cylinder retracts. When the machine is
turned to the right, the left cylinder extends and the right cylinder retracts.
All cylinders are similar design. They are single stage, double acting hydraulic cylinders.
The steering cylinders are mounted between the front and rear frames on each side of the
machine. In the cylinder ends there are ball joint bearings (2) fastened with circlips (1).
In steering cylinders the front end ball joint bearing is mounted to the front frame instead
of piston rod.
The piston (11) is secured to the rod (14) by two lock screws (10). On the outer diameter
of the piston two slip rings (8) and a piston seal (9) are located in their own respective
grooves. Between the piston and rod there is a o--ring (12) to make the fastening tight.
The gland assembly (13) is held in place at the end of the cylinder tube (3) by allen head
bolts (5). O--ring (4) is fitted into a groove on the outside diameter of the gland assembly.
Located in the internal bore of the gland assembly is a seal (6) and a wiper (7). The seals
prevents leakage past the rod. The wiper cleans dirt from the rod as it retracts. For the
lubrication of the ball joint bearings there are two grease nipples (15) in the cylinder ends.
Cylinder rod movement within the housing is accomplished by applying pressurized oil
flow on either side of the piston and allowing the oil on the opposite side of the piston to
return back to hydraulic oil tank.

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 203 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP

13
7
5
6
4

2
15
1

8 1
9
8 15

14

12
10 11

204 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107

TORO 400 LP STEERING

11.6.1. Steering cylinder leakage test

Only perform maintenance work when the machine is parked. Use the
appropriate tools for the task. Replace or repair faulty tools and
equipment. When performing maintenance and repair work, make sure
CAUTION there are no unauthorised persons in the working area.

Rod side leakage test:

1. Ensure that the machine is on an even surface, the parking brake is applied and
movement in the driving is prevented by, for example, wheel chocks.
2. Ensure that the bucket is lowered and the boom is resting on stops.
3. Install the frame locking bar.
High--pressure oil spray hazard. The high--pressure oil spray can cause
serious injury. Allow the pressure to be released from the hydraulic
circuit opening the plugs or connectors.
WARNING

4. Release hydraulic pressure from

both left and right steering
hydraulic circuits. This can be
done safely by using a capillary
test hose into the steer test
points. Gradually screw the quick
connects on to release the
pressure in a control manner.
Use an oil drain contain to collect
any oil.
5. Disconnect the rod side hydraulic
line from the manifold block of the
cylinder to be tested. Cap the
manifold to eliminate any
high--pressure oil injection hazard
during the test.
6. Allow the cylinder rod side oil to drain into an oil drain container via the
disconnected hose, until completely drain and all oil flow has stopped. Secure the
hose to the oil drain container.
7. With the second person observing the container and rod side hose end from a safe
position, start the engine and move the steering joystick to pressurise the piston
side hydraulic circuit of the cylinder being tested.
8. If oil is observed coming from the cylinder the piston seals are bypassing in this
direction (piston to rod side). The cylinder needs to replace or overhaul.
9. Shut down the engine.
High--pressure oil spray hazard. The high--pressure oil spray can
cause serious injury. Allow the pressure to be released from the
hydraulic circuit opening the plugs or connectors.
WARNING

10. Release hydraulic pressure from both left and right steer hydraulic circuits.
This can be done safely by using a capillary test hose into the steer test points.

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 205 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP
Gradually screw the quick connects on to release the pressure in a control manner.
Use an oil drain contain to collect any oil.
11. Remove the cap from the manifold block and reconnect the rod side cylinder hose
to the block, use new O--ring.

Cylinder piston side leakage test:

High--pressure oil spray hazard. The high--pressure oil spray can

cause serious injury. Allow the pressure to be released from the
hydraulic circuit opening the plugs or connectors.
WARNING

1. Disconnect the piston side

hydraulic line from the manifold
block of the cylinder to be tested.
Cap the manifold to eliminate any
high--pressure oil injection
hazard during the test.
2. Allow the cylinder piston side oil
to drain into an oil drain container
via the disconnected hose, until
completely drain and all oil flow
has stopped.
3. With the second person
observing the container and
piston side hose end from a safe
position, start the engine and
move the steering joystick to
pressurise the rod side hydraulic
circuit of the cylinder being
tested.
4. If oil is observed coming from the
cylinder the piston seals are
bypassing in this direction (rod to
piston side). The cylinder needs
to replace or overhaul.

NOTE! Cylinder piston seals are directional, while uncommon it is possible for the
cylinder to bypass in one direction ONLY.

206 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107

TORO 400 LP STEERING

5. Shut down the engine.

6. Release hydraulic pressure from
both left and right steer hydraulic
circuits.
This can be done safely by using
a capillary test hose into the steer
test points. Gradually screw the
quick connects on to release the
pressure in a control manner.
Use an oil drain contain to collect
any oil.

7. Remove the cap from the

manifold block and reconnect the
piston side cylinder hose to the
block, use new O--ring.

8. Check all fluid levels.

9. Start the machine. Check for
steer oil leaks, repair as needed.
10. Remove the frame locking bar
and stop engine.

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 207 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP
11.6.2. Removing the steering cylinder

Note! Tag and cap all lines to assist installation and prevent system contamination.
1. If possible, position the loader so the cylinder to be removed is fully extended.
2. Block the wheels to prevent loader movement.
3. Disconnect and cap the lines from the cylinder.
4. Remove the pins and then the cylinder.

11.6.3. Installing the steering cylinder

1. Install the cylinder in the loader.

2. Spacers are used at each end of the cylinder mountings between the cylinder and
the frame. Install flanges or cotter pins to cylinder fastening pins.
3. Connect the hydraulic and lubrication lines.
4. Start the engine and operate the control levers in both directions repeatedly to
remove the air from the system.
5. Check oil level in the hydraulic reservoir. Adjust the oil level if necessary.

208 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107

TORO 400 LP STEERING

11.6.4. Cylinder disassembly

Gland assembly

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18

18 19

1. Remove allen head bolts (12) 14 pcs.

2. Fully extend the cylinder and pull out piston rod (7) with piston (3) and gland
assembly.
3. Remove wear rings (2 and 5) and seal (4) from the piston.
4. Remove piston locking screws (1) 2 pcs. and unscrew piston (3).
5. Remove the seal (16) inside the piston.
6. Pull away the gland assembly and disassemble it by unscrewing allen head bolts
(15) 6 pcs. and removing wiper housing (14), wiper (13), slip ring (9) and rod seals
(8 and 10).
7. Remove the circlips (18) 4 pcs.
8. Remove the transverse bearing (19) 2pcs.
9. Remove the grease nipples (17) 2 pcs,

TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107 209 (267)

STEERING TORO 400 LP
11.6.5. Inspection and repair

1. Clean all parts thoroughly.

2. Replace all o--rings, backup rings, seals, wear rings
and wiper.
3. Inspect the cylinder bore, piston rod and piston for
signs of scratches, burrs or other damage which
could cause a failure.
4. Use a fine stone to remove burrs or small scratches.
5. Replace any part showing damage or excessive
wear.

11.6.6. Reassembly

Assemble the component parts in the reverse order they

were disassembled.

Note! Piston lock screws must be re--drilled to 120 from

each other (see drawing). The lock screws must be
secured by punching two holes near the screws with an
arbor.

Tightening torques:
D Piston 100,0 kpm (1000 Nm)
D Gland assembly:
(steering cylinder) 4,7 kpm (47 Nm)
D Wiper housing bolts 1,6 kpm (16 Nm)

210 (267) TKU--D 01142--2 EN 0107