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9 Heredity and Evolution

The document discusses heredity, evolution, and relationships between species. It explains that heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring, though offspring can show minor variations. Evolution is defined as genetic changes over generations, and mechanisms like mutation, migration, and natural selection can drive evolutionary changes. Homologous and analogous characteristics in different species provide evidence of their evolutionary relationships and common ancestry.

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Rounak Basu
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20 views2 pages

9 Heredity and Evolution

The document discusses heredity, evolution, and relationships between species. It explains that heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring, though offspring can show minor variations. Evolution is defined as genetic changes over generations, and mechanisms like mutation, migration, and natural selection can drive evolutionary changes. Homologous and analogous characteristics in different species provide evidence of their evolutionary relationships and common ancestry.

Uploaded by

Rounak Basu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heredity and Evolution

Heredity and Variations

The process of passing of the traits from parents to offspring is called Heredity.

Offspring are never an exact copy of their parents. They show minor differences,
which are called Variations.

Mendel was the pioneer among Geneticists who found the inheritance of characters
from parents to offspring.

A child who inherits an X chromosome from the father will be a girl, and one who
inherits a Y chromosome will be a boy.

Evolutionary Relationships I

Evolution is defined as any genetic change in a population that is inherited over


several generations.

Changes occur in genes or colour and are inherited over generations.

Variations are the differences among individuals of a species, caused by genetic


and environmental factors.

Mechanism of evolution includes mutation, migration, genetic drift and natural


selection.

A species is defined as a group of individuals that can interbreed.


Speciation is splitting of populations into two independent species that cannot
reproduce with each other.

A hurricane or storm can cause a genetic drift.

Evolutionary Relationships II

Homologous and analogous characteristics help identify an evolutionary


relationship between different species.

Fossils are an important evidence of evolution.

Evolution of eye in different species is an example of biological convergence.

Reptiles and birds have evolved from a common ancestor through adaptation.

Different vegetables are descended from the wild cabbage ancestor.

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