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Standardization of Acid and Base Solutions PDF

This document describes a laboratory experiment involving the standardization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions through acid-base titration. The experiment involves two titrations: first, a sample of potassium acid phthalate (KHP) is titrated with NaOH to determine its molarity. Then, the standardized NaOH solution is used to titrate an HCl sample and calculate its molarity. Phenolphthalein indicator is used to detect the endpoint of the titrations, which is the point when the solution changes from colorless to faint pink. The document provides detailed procedures for preparing and titrating the solutions, then calculating their molarities

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631 views3 pages

Standardization of Acid and Base Solutions PDF

This document describes a laboratory experiment involving the standardization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions through acid-base titration. The experiment involves two titrations: first, a sample of potassium acid phthalate (KHP) is titrated with NaOH to determine its molarity. Then, the standardized NaOH solution is used to titrate an HCl sample and calculate its molarity. Phenolphthalein indicator is used to detect the endpoint of the titrations, which is the point when the solution changes from colorless to faint pink. The document provides detailed procedures for preparing and titrating the solutions, then calculating their molarities

Uploaded by

Kassim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR

SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES


DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE
CHMEISTRY PRACTICAL I – CH1103
EXPERIMENT- 02
TITTLE: STANDARDIZATION OF ACID AND BASE SOLUTIONS

INTRODUCTION
Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity) of a
solution. Titration is one type of analytical procedure often used in standardization. In a
titration, an exact volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of another substance.
The point at which the reaction is complete in a titration is referred to as the endpoint. A
chemical substance known as an indicator is used to indicate (signal) the endpoint. The indicator
used in this experiment is phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein, an organic compound, is colorless
in acidic solution and pink in basic solution.
This experiment involves two separate acid-base standardization procedures. In the first
standardization the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) will be determined by
titrating a sample of potassium acid phthalate (KHP; HKC8H4O4) with the NaOH. In the second
procedure the standardized NaOH will be used to determine the molarity of a hydrochloric
solution (HCl).

Material / Chemicals
Beaker, 250 mL volumetric flask , Erlenmeyer flask
KHP (potassium acid phthalate; HKC8H4O4), Sodium hydroxide pellets, HCL solution
Procedures

Part I. Standardization of NaOH with KHP

1. Clean a burette by rinsing with several portions (about 10 mL) of tap water. (The burette is
clean enough when water droplets do not cling to the inner surface.) This rinse water can be
poured down the drain.

2. Prepare 0.1 M about 150 mL of the NaOH solution in a clean, dry 250 mL volumetric flask.
Cover with a stopper.

3. Rinse the burette with three portions (about 5 mL) of the NaOH solution. Drain each NaOH
rinse and discard into the waste container located under the hood.

4. Fill the burette with NaOH to slightly above the zero mark and clamp the burette up
vertically.

5. Remove the air bubbles from the tip of the burette by draining the NaOH into a small beaker.
Read the NaOH level to within + 0.02 mL and record this value in the initial base reading on
the data sheet. (It is not necessary to have the NaOH level at exactly the 0.00 mL mark.
Anywhere below 0.00 mL will suffice. What is important, is to record this initial NaOH
reading to two decimal places.)

6. Weigh a clean 250 mL beaker to + 0.01 g. Add 0.6 to 0.7 g of KHP (potassium acid
phthalate; HKC8H4O4). Re-weigh the beaker and contents to + 0.01 g. Record the mass on the
data sheet.

7. Dissolve all the KHP in water by adding about 30 mL of distilled water to the beaker and
stirring with a glass rod. (If necessary, you can warm the solution to dissolve all the solid acid.)
Transfer this solution into a clean 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Rinse the beaker twice with about 5
mL of distilled water to make sure all of the acid has been transferred to the flask.

8. Add 3 to 4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the KHP solution in the Erlenmeyer flask.

9. Place the flask containing the acid solution and indicator under the burette. Add NaOH from
the burette to the flask with swirling until the color of the solution in the flask is a faint pink.
This faint pink color should last only 45 to 60 seconds. There should be a one-drop difference
between when the solution is colorless and when it is pink. If too much base is added (that is, if
you "over-shoot" the endpoint), discard the solution and repeat the titration. A white piece of
paper placed under the flask will aid in the color detection.

10. When the proper end point is reached, read and record the final NaOH volume to
within + 0.02 mL.

11. Discard the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask into the waste container.

12. Repeat the titration procedure a second time by following steps 4 - 11.

13. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH from the two titrations. If the calculated base
concentrations from the first and second titration vary by more than 0.005 M, perform a third
titration.

Part II. Standardization of HCl with NaOH


1. Refill and zero the NaOH burette. Read the NaOH level to within + 0.02 mL and record this
value in the initial base reading on the data sheet.

2. Obtain a clean, but not necessarily dry, 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and fill with 100mL of
HCL acid. Transfer approximately 25.00 mL of the HCl acid solution into the flask. Read and
record the initial and final acid burette readings to + 0.02 mL. It is not necessary to deliver
exactly 25.00 mL of HCl into the flask. What is important, is that the volume of HCl delivered
into the flask is known to two decimal places.

3. Add 3 to 4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the HCl solution in the Erlenmeyer flask.

4. Place the flask containing the acid solution and indicator under the burette and add NaOH
from the burette to the flask with swirling until a phenolphthalein endpoint is reached. There
should be a one-drop difference between when the solution is colorless and when it is pink. If too
much base is added (that is, if you "over-shoot" the endpoint), discard the solution and repeat the
titration.

5. When the proper end point is reached, read and record the final NaOH volume to
within + 0.02 mL.

6. Discard the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask into the sink. Repeat the titration procedure a
second time by following steps 1 - 5.

8. Before returning the all apparatus to your lab draw, please rinse them out with a couple
of water rinses.

Questions
1. Using the weight of KHP in each flask, and the molecular weight of KHP, calculate the
number of moles of KHP in each flask.

2. Using your experimentally determined standardized NaOH concentration (use the


average value), Calculate the concentration of the HCl (MHCl) acid in both mol/L and g/L.
3. Why can't we just dissolve a known mass of NaOH in a known volume of water and
calculate the NaOH concentration? In other words, explain why you standardized your
NaOH solution.

END

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