FLOW MEASUREMENT APPRATUS
1.1 Aim of the Experiment
To calibrate and study different flow meters i.e. Venturi meter, Orifice meter and nozzle meters
1.2 Apparatus Description
All flow meters are mounted along a pipeline with sufficient distance to stabilize flow between two
meters. The pressure taps are provided at sections as given in the fig. Pressure head difference between
sections can be read on manometer having mercury as the manometer fluid. A valve, fitted at the end of
the pipeline, is used for regulating the discharge in the pipeline.
Technical Specifications:-
Orifice meter:
Size= 26 mm
Orifice Size = 16 mm
Dia Ratio = 0.615
Venturi meter:
Size= 26 mm
Throat Size = 16 mm
Dia Ratio = 0.615
Nozzle meter:
Size= 26 mm
Orifice Size = 16 mm
Dia Ratio = 0.615
1
1.3 Experimental Procedure
Fill the storage tank/sump with the water.
Switch on the pump and keep the control valve fully open and close the bypass valve to have
maximum flow rate through the meter.
To calibrate Orifice meter /venturi/nozzle meter open control valve of the same.
Open the vent cocks provided at the top of the manometer to drive out the air from the manometer
limbs and close both of them as soon as water start coming out.
Note down the difference of level of mercury in the manometer limbs.
Keep the drain valve of the measuring tank closed till it’s time to start collecting the water.
Close the drain valve of the measuring tank and note down the initial level of the water in the
collection tank.
Collect known quantity of water in the measuring tank and note down the time required for the
same.
Change the flow rate of water through the meter with the help of control valve and repeat the
above procedure.
To calibrate Venturi meter and Nozzle meter repeat the same procedure indicated in step 4-9
Take about 2-3 readings for different flow rates.
1.4 Observation table
For Orifice meter
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 26 mm, Area A₁ = 5.31 X 10 m
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 16 mm, Area A₁ = 2.01 X 10 m
Sr. No Manometer Difference In Flowrate (time for 10cm rise in
mm of Hg water column) t in sec
2
For Venturi meter
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 26 mm, Area A₁ = 5.31 X 10 m
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 16 mm, Area A₁ = 2.01 X 10 m
Sr. No Manometer Difference In Flowrate (time for 10cm rise in
mm of Hg water column) t in sec
For Nozzle meter
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 26 mm, Area A₁ = 5.31 X 10 m
-4 2
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 16 mm, Area A₁ = 2.01 X 10 m
Sr. No Manometer Difference In Flowrate (time for 10cm rise in
mm of Hg water column) t in sec
1.5 Calculation
For Orifice meter and venture meter
Actual Discharge, Qa = (0.3 X 0.4 X 0.1 / t) m 3 /Sec
We Know as per the theory:-
Qa = Cd X {2g (h1-h2)/1-(A2/A1)2}0.5
Before Substituting Values of Qact and (h1 – h2) into the above equation, it will simpler to establish the
value of
A2 {2g (h1-h2)/1-(A2/A1)2}0.5
This value is
=2.0096 X 10-4 [( 2*9.81)/(1-(0.3782)]0.5 = 9.65 X 10 -4
3
Therefore, Qa = Cd X 9.65 X 10-4 (h1-h2)0.5
So, Cd = 1036.26 * Q / ( h1 –h2)0.5
Put the values of Q and (h1-h2) from observations
Cd =
1.6 Conclusion
Average values of the co-efficient of discharge for various flow meters, as obtained experimentally, are
as follows:
SR.NO FLOW METER Discharge Co-efficient, Cd
1 Orifice meter
2 Venturi meter
3 Nozzle meter
1.7 Sample Calculation
Conversion Factor: - 1 mm of Hg = 0.0126 m of water
For Orifice meter
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 26 mm
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 16 mm
-4 2
Cross sectional area at Orifice, A₁ = 2.01 X 10 m
Sr, No Manometer Difference In Flow rate (time for 10cm rise in
mm of Hg water column) t in sec
1 40 23.03
2
Calculations
1. Actual Discharge, Qa = 0.3x04x0.01/t m3/sec = 4.34 X10 -4 m3/sec
h1 –h2 = 40 mm of Hg = 0.504 m of water
Cd = 1036.26 * Q / (h1 –h2)0.5
Put the values of Q and (h1 –h2) from Calculations
Cd = 0.634
4
For Venturimeter
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 26 mm
Diameter at inlet D ₁ = 16 mm
-4 2
Cross sectional area at Orifice, A₁ = 2.01 X 10 m
Sr, No Manometer Difference In Flow rate (time for 10cm rise in
mm of Hg water column) t in sec
1 22 21.54
2
Calculations
1. Actual Discharge, Qa = 0.3 X 0.4 X 0.1 /t m3/sec = 4.64 X10 -4 m3/sec
h1 –h2 = 22 mm of Hg = 0.2772 m of water
Cd = 1036.26 * Q / (h1 –h2)0.5
Put the values of Q and (h1-h2) from Calculations
Cd = 0.914
1.7.1 Conclusion
Co-efficient of Discharge for Orifice meter = 0.639
Co-efficient of Discharge for Venturi meter = 0.908
