1

Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Chapter: 2, Page: 24 2W Tij ij 2W Ti1 i1 Ti 2 i2 Ti 3 i3

1) Ti1 i1 T11 11 T21 21 T31 31
i j k in which Ti 2 T12 T22 T32
2 1 2 i2 12 22 32
det 4 2 4 0 P b( 2i j 2k ), u p i j k P P up
3 3 3 Ti 3 i3 T13 13 T23 23 T33 33
a b c
7)
2)
x 2 i y 1 j z 4 k . i 4 j 2k 0
( i 5 j 24k )
V 100 x 4 y 2z 10
1 25 576
3) 8)
a) 1 A.B
cos 70
u.v 80 u v v u 20i 24 j 4k A B
b)
9)
u.v 5 u v v u i 11 j 7k
4)
S A B i 16 j 22k 741
a)
c.d 10)
ud 22i 44 j 44k
d
i 16 j 22k 1 16 22
b) u i j k
i 16 j 22k 741 741 741
c.d
ud 22i 44 j 44k
d 11)
3i 2 j k 3 2 1
5) u i j k
3i 2 j k 14 14 14
A( x1 x2 ) B( y1 y2 ) C ( z1 z2 ) D D 0
Ai B j Ck ( x1 x2 )i ( y1 y2 ) j ( z1 z2 )k 12)
6) The some of square of the all columns and series is equal with unit.
2 2 1
(600i 1200 j 900k ).( i j k) 700
3 3 3
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

1 1 1 1 Tij' 2G '
ij Ti1' Ti'2 Ti'3 2G '
i1 2G '
i2 2G '
i3
a13 a13 a13
3 2 6 6
Ti1' T11' T21
'
T31' '
i1
'
11
'
21
'
31
1 2 2
A 0 a23 a23 A 1 a23 in which Ti'2 T12' T22
'
T32' , '
i2 12
' '
22
'
32
3 3 3
1 1 1 1 Ti'3 T13' T23
'
T33' '
i3
'
13
'
23
'
33
a33 a33 a33
3 2 6 6 e)
Tsr T1r T2 r T3r
1 1 1 br ar br ar 1 r 3
xs x1 x2 x3
3 2 6
1 2 new unit vectors corresponding to columns 14)
A 0 a)
3 3 old unit vectors corresponding to series
mm 11 22 33 3
1 1 1
b)
3 2 6
mn mn 1n 1n 2n 2n 3n 3n 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
i j 0 0 i j 1n 1n 11 11 12 12 13 13
3 2 3 3 2 in which 1
2n 2n 21 21 22 22 23 23
13)
3n 3n 31 31 32 32 33 33 1
a)
ti T ji n j ti T1i n1 T2i n2 T3i n3 1 i 3 c)
um mi u1 1i u2 2i u3 3i
b)
for i=1 u1 1i u1 11
e kk e 11 22 33
in which for i=2 u2 u2 for i=n um um un
c) 2i 22 mi mn

2W Tij 2W Ti1 Ti 2 Ti 3 for i=3 u3 3i u3 33

ij i1 i2 i3

Ti1 i1 T11 11 T21 21 T31 31

in which Ti 2 T12 T22 T32
d)
i2 12 22 32
Ti 3 i3 T13 13 T23 23 T33 33

d)
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Tmn mn T1n 1n T2 n 2n T3n 3n ( a b) c (e pqr aq br u p ) ck u k (e pqr aq br ck )u p u k (e pqr aq br ck empk )u m

for n=1 T1n 1n T11
aq br ck u m e pqr e pkm aq br ck u m qk rm qm rk ak bm ck u m am bk ck u m
in which for n=2 T2 n 2n T22 for n=k Tmn mn Tkk
for n=3 T3n T33 Therefore one can write ( a b) c a.c b a b.c
3n

15) 18)
eijk eirs jr ks js kr
a b.c (a y bz az by , az bx ax bz , ax by a y bx ).(cx , c y , cz )
a.b c (by cz bz c y , bz cx bx cz , bx c y by cx ).(ax , a y , az )
j s jr ks js kr sr ks ss kr kr kr 0
a b.c a.b c a y bz cx a z by c x az bx c y ax bz c y a x by c z a y bx cz j s eijk eirs e jik e jir where r k and i j r i or r j eijk eirs 0
ax ay az k r or k j or r s or k s or j=r simillar to above both sides vanished
a b.c a.b c det bx by bz j r and k s jr ks js kr rr ( ss 1) 3(3 1) 6
cx cy cz 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
j r and k s eijk eirs eirs e123 e231 e312 e321 e213 e132 6
16) j s and k r jr ks js kr ss 1 rr 3(1 3) 6
u1 u 2 u3 j s and k r eijk eirs eisr eirs 2
eirs 2
e123 2
e231 2
e312 2
e321 2
e213 2
e132 6
cp a1 a2 a3 (a2 b3 a3b2 )u1 ( a3b1 a1b3 )u 2 (a1b2 a2 b1 )u 3
b1 b2 b3 19)
v.n n n (v n) vi ni n j nk v p nq empq emlk vi ni n j nk v p nq pl qk pk ql
cp e pqr aq br u p e1qr aq br u1 e2 qr aq br u 2 e3qr aq br u 3
vi ni n j nq vl nq n p v p nl n.v n n.n v n.v n n.n v v
e1qr aq br u1 u1 e123 a2b3 e132 a3b2 u1 u 2 u3
20)
in which e2 qr aq br u 2 u 2 e231a3b1 e213 a1b3 e pqr aq br u p a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3 a b .c 0 a b c
e3qr aq br u 3 u 3 e312 a1b2 e321a2b1 a1 a2 a3
e pqr a p bq cr b1 b2 b3 0 b c .a 0 b c a
17)
c1 c2 c3
c a .b 0 c a b

Another solution
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

S Hatched Area Hatched Area Vecor S S us a b

Volume Sh S c cos S .c a b .c

V 0 S c c is in the plane of a b
5
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Chapter: 2, Page: 46 x1 2 1 2 x1
1) 3 2 6
a) 2 1 2
x2 x2
1 1 2 3 2 6
i3 i1 i 2 2i 2j 2k
6 6 3 1 2 2
x3 0
b) 3 3 x3
2 2 1 2 x1 1 2
x1 x2 x3
3 3 3 3 2 6
1 1 xi are correspond to rows of A
AT 0 x2 2 x1 1 x2 2 x3
2 2 3 2 6 xi are correspond to columns of A
2 2 2 2 x3 1 x1 2 2 x3
3 3
6 6 3
2)
2 2 1 10 9 16 3 4
3 3 3 A12 1 , A22 1 , A32 0 and A12 A22
25 25 5 5
1 1
t 0 10 4 3 4 3
2 2 0 0
5 5 5 5
2 2 2 2
20 1 3 4 2 3 4
6 6 3 A 0 or A 0
5 5 5 5
t 20i 10 2 k 1 0 0 1 0 0
c)
2 1 2 1 2
A 1 improper A 1 proper
3 2 6

A 2 1 2 for improper rotation f 1000i 1400 j 200k

3 2 6
for proper rotation f 1000i 1400 j 200k
1 0 2 2
3 3 3,4)
6
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

a11 a12 a13 T 22 a2j a2qT jq a12 a2qT1q a22 a2qT2 q a23 a2qT3q
AT a12 a22 a23 a12 a2qT1q a12 a12T11 a12 a22T12 a12 a23T13
a13 a32 a33 a22 a2qT2 q a22 a12T21 a22 a22T22 a22 a23T23
v AT v a23 a2qT3q a23 a12T31 a23 a22T32 a23 a23T33
v1 a11 a12 a13 v1 v1 a11v1 a12 v2 a13v3 8)
v2 a12 a22 a23 v2 v2 a12 v1 a22 v2 a23v3 vr ars vs a)
v3 a13 a32 a33 v3 v3 a13v1 a32 v2 a33v3 a b c
T
M = d e f
v Av AT v g h i

v1 a11 a12 a13 v1 v1 a11 v1 a12 v 2 a13 v3 ei fh hc bi bf ec

1 1
v2 a12 a22 a32 v2 v2 a12 v1 a22 v 2 a32 v3 vs ars v r M gf di ai gc dc af
aei afh dhc dbi gbf gec
hd ge gb ah ae db
v3 a13 a23 a33 v3 v3 a13 v1 a23 v 2 a33 v3
2 2 2 2
5) 0 0
2 2 2 2
6) 2 1 1 2 1 1
A A 1 and A-1= AT
2 2 2 2 2 2
ab.v ai b j v j u i
T .v ab.v ai b j v j 2 1 1 2 1 1
i i
T .v ai b j v j u i 2 2 2 2 2 2
7) b)
T 31 a3j a1qT jq a13 a1qT1q a32 a1qT2 q a33 a1qT3q 2 2
5 1 1
a13 a1qT1q a13 a11T11 a13 a12T12 a13 a13T13 2 2
2 7 3
a32 a1qT2 q a32 a11T21 a32 a12T22 a32 a13T23 T AT TA 1 2
2 2 2
a33 a1qT3q a33 a11T31 a33 a12T32 a33 a13T33 2 3 7
1 2
2 2 2
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

9) cos sin 0
uj aij u i aij T ip v p aij T ip a qp vq uj T jq vq aij T ip a qp vq Asr ars sin cos 0
T jq aij a qp T ip 0 0 1

10) 17)
T
T ip Aij T jq Aqp

T ip A jiT jq Aqp and A ji aij , Aqp a qp

T ip aijT jq a qp
11)
T U TijU ji
, U ij U ji T U T U
T U TijU ij a)
12)
T W TijWij , i and j are dummy T W T jiW ji TijWij T W 0
13)
T ij u i v j T ij aip u p a qj vq Tpq u p vq T ij aip a qj T pq
1 0 0
14)
Aa 0 1 0
T ij u i u j T ij aip u p a qj uq Tpq u p uq T ij aip a qj Tpq
0 0 1
T ij u i u j T ij u j u i T ij T ji b)
aip a qj aiq a jp a jp aiq
T pq u p uq Tpq uq u p T pq Tqp
15)
T pq i p i q T pq a rp ir aqs is Trs ir is T pq a rp aqs Trs
16)
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

1 1
0
1 0 0 2 2
1 1 1 1
Ab 0 Ac 2 0
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0
2 2 2 2
c) Ma AaT MAa Mb AbT M a Ab AbT AaT MAa Ab A Aa Ab Ac1 Ac 2
1 1
0
2 2
1 1
A 0
2 2
1 1
1
2 2

1 0 0 18)
0 0 0 0 0 0
Ac1 0 0 1
A B 0 0 0 , B A 0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0
19)
5 5 1
12 1
A B , B A 3 9 3
3 5
0 5 3
20)
A B 24 14 6
24
B C 14
6
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

21) 2 5 5
0
5 5 8 0 0
a b c T
L 0 1 0 D L ML 0 5 0
M = d e f 5 2 5 0 0 3
0
g h i 5 5
ei fh hc bi bf ec 25)
1 1 BA Bij A jk Cik
M gf di ai gc dc af T
aei afh dhc dbi gbf gec BA AT BT
hd ge gb ah ae db T T
T T T
A B Akj B ji Cki Cik
22)
T 26)
L ji n(ji ) , D pq L pr M rs Lsq Lrp M rs Lsq D pq nr( p ) M rs ns( q ) A B Aij B ji
in which n(ji ) represented j'th component of the i'th principal cosine direction A B tr A B
tr A B tr Aij B jk Aij B ji
q ( p) (q)
( M rs q rs ) ns 0 D pq q rs nr ns q ns( p ) ns( q ) q pq
A B Aij Bij
in which q is a fixed number at ns( q ) and , at the above vectorial equation
q tr A BT tr Aij Bkj Aij Bij
D pq p q
q
tr AT B tr Aik Bij Aij Bij
D pq 0 p q
23)
2 5 5
0
5 5
13 0 0
5 2 5
L 0 0 D LT ML 0 7 0
5 5
0 0 3
0 1 0

24)
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Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Chapter: 2, Page: 61 F k uk m Fij u m ui u j k m Fij u i u j uk um k m Fij u i u j km

1) 2
F Fij ,mm u i u j F
F F F
dF dx dy dz
x y z If F is scalar function
2
F F F F i j F ui uj i j F ij F,ii F
dF dF dF dx dy dz
x y z b)
By using the chain rule of calculus we have If F and G are 2nd rank tensors
F F x F y F z F FG k Fij Gmn Fij ,k Gmn Gmn,k Fij G F F G
x y z F
x x x y x z x x x x x x If F and G are scalar functions
F F x F y F z F x y z F FG i FG u i F,i G G,i F u i G F F G
y x y y y z y y y y y y c)
F F x F y F z F x y z F If F and G are 2nd rank tensors
z x z y z z z z z z z z 2
FG FG k Fij , k Gmn Gmn, k Fij
2
FG Fij ,kk Gmn 2Gmn, k Fij ,k Gmn,kk Fij
2)
2 2 2
2 4 4 i a 2 j b 2k c a2 2b 2 2c 2 FG G F 2 F G F G
i j k n Fn F
3a 3b 3c 1 4 4 1 4 4 in which F G F G G F
3
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 For scalar functions, identity hasn t left or right direction gradient.
3) d)
Amn xm xn Amn k ik xm xn Amn ik mk xn nk xm ik Akn xn Amk xm If F is 2nd order tensor
4) Fv i Fij u j vm u m i vm u m Fij u j F v v F
F and G are scalar functions and v is a vector, but identities (a) to If F is scalar function
(d) for 2nd order tensors also verified. Fv k Fvk F, k vk vk , k F F v F v
a)
For scalar functions F and G identities (e) through (j) verified
If F is 2nd rank tensor
e)
11
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

F G i F jG ui u j i F iG F,i G,i G,ii F F G F 2

G Answer independent from Location of the origin and position of B.
Assuming that A is in the origin; the velocity of the reference point
f)
isn t function of the location. Point B locates in the xy plane.
F eijk j F,k eikj k F, j eijk j F,k F 0
v r v esqp esmn p m rn
g)
v p m rn qm pn qn pm v q rp p rq
. v i eijk j vk eikj vk ,ij eijk v j ,ik eikj vk ,ij . v 0 p p

h) v divr div r at the refrence point i.e. A, f t v divr

. a b i eijk a j bk eijk a j ,i bk eijk bk ,i a j eijk a j ,i bk eikj bk ,i a j x y
v 2
. a b a b a b x y
i) 7)
Fv eijk k Fvi u j eijk F, k vi Fvi , k u j F v F v u1 u2 u3 u1 u1 u1
v u v1 v2 v3
j) x1 x1 x1 1 x1 x2 x3
v ewiv eijk u1 u2 u3 u2 u2 u2
w j vk uv eijk eivw vk , jw u v v u v1 v2 v3 v u v1 v2 v3
2
x2 x2 x2 2 x1 x2 x3
vk , jw jv kw jw kv uv vk ,vk vv, jj u v v v
u1 u2 u3 u3 u3 u3
v u v1 v2 v3
5) x3 x3 x3 3 x1 x2 x3
v.dr 0
v u vj j ui
i v u v u
i i
v u vj j ui
i j k i

8)
v 0
x y z
y x T11 T12 T13
2 2 2 2
0 T21 T22 T23 b1 b2 b3 a1 a2 a3
x y x y 1 2 3
T31 T32 T33
But v isn t analytic at origin therefore integral don t vanished.
6) 9)
T k ik Tpq i p iq Tpq , k ik i p iq T Tpq ,k contraction let k=p T Tpq , p T
kpq ppq pq
12
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

T k T pq i p iq ik T pq , k i p iq ik T
pqk
T pq ,k contraction let k=q T
pqq
T pq ,q T
pq
M* E k Eij emjk emjk Eij ,k
10) *
M11 e1 jk E1 j ,k E12,3 E13,2
*
M 22 e2 jk E2 j , k E23,1 E21,3
S ST S23 S32 *
M 31 e1 jk E3 j ,k E32,3 E33,2
S Sk 3, j e1 jk S33,2 S23,3 S S *
13 13 31 M 32 e2 jk E3 j ,k E33,1 E31,3
S S3 j ,k e1 jk S32,3 S33,2 14)
31

11) S* E esri r emjk Eij ,k emjk esri Eij ,kr

M E eijk *
j Ekm S12 e1ri e2 jk Eij ,kr e2 jk E3 j , k 2 e2 jk E2 j , k 3
M11 e1 jk j Ek1 E31,2 E21,3 *
S12 E33,12 E31,32 E23,13 E21,33
M 22 e2 jk j Ek 2 E12,3 E32,1 *
S21 e2 ri e1 jk Eij ,kr e1 jk E1 j ,k 3 e1 jk E3 j ,k1
M13 e1 jk j Ek 3 E33,2 E23,3 *
S12 E12,33 E13,23 E32,31 E33,21
M 31 e3 jk j Ek1 E21,1 E11,2 * *
Euv, pq Evu ,qp S21 S12
12)
Also from solution of the exercise 12 one can write
S E eijk Ekm, j u i u m n un eijk Ekm, jn u i ehmn u h Euv, pq Evu ,qp *
S12 *
S21 S21 S12
Sih ehmn eijk Ekm, jn
S12 e2 mn e1 jk Ekm, jn =e231e1 jk Ek 3, j1 e213e1 jk Ek1, j 3
S12 E33,21 E23,31 E31,23 E21,33
S 21 e2 jk Ek 2, j 3 e2 jk Ek 3, j 2 E12,33 E32,13 E13,32 E33,12
E23,31 E32,13
Ete,rs Eet , sr E31,23 E13,32 S12 S21
E21,33 E12,33
13)
13
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Chapter: 3, Page: 80 d)
1) t n 22
n ,t cos 1 ( ) cos 1 ( ) 121
ti ds b i dv 0 t 6 51
S
Hemisphere Whole Sphere Fz K
2 3)
Fi ti ds 0 i x, y K cos
b=-
Hemisphere 2 nT sin
t z ds b dv 0 Fz t z ds 0
z
Hemisphere Whole Sphere
2 p cos2 2 p sin cos
4 t i j
bR 3 Fz 0 r r
3 p p
t i j for
2 K R3 r r 4
Fz K z cos ds 2 KR3 d 2 cos 2 sin d
0 3 3p 3p
0 t i j for
2) 2 r 2 6
4)
a) T 2 p cos 2
tn t.n n t tn2 0
r
36 27 0 - 2p
2 2 1 for =
t - 27 36 0 6i 42 j 6k r 4
3 3 3 tn
0 0 18 - 3p
for =-
b) r 6
6i 42 j 6k 6 51 5)
Symmetry condition implies that
c)
t z ds t y ds 0
6i 42 j 6k 2 2 1 1
i j k 6i 42 j 6k 22i 154 j 22k
6i 42 j 6k 3 3 3 51 2
4 prd 4 pd 1 2
t x ds cos 2 d sin 2 pd
r 2
Thus tn is -22, cause angle between two vectors is greater than 90 0 0
14
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

6)
T 0 0
0 if n u
t n T= T= 0 0 0
Tu if n u 0 0 0
T T uu t u cos T T cos u tn t u cos T cos 2
2 T
n t tn2 T 2 cos 2 T 2 cos 4 T sin cos sin 2
2
7)
dv*
t ( n )* S * *
b V t (1)* S1 t (2)* S2 t (3)* S3 t (3)* S3 *
V
dt
1 1 dv*
lim t ( n )* h * *
b t (1)* n1 t (2)*n2 h *
h 0 2 2 dt
t (n) t k nk k 1, 2
8)
One of the roots of the characteristic equation must be vanished. S S cos i sin j n n cos i sin j
3 2
T11 9 8 4T11 0 T11 2
S cos i sin j n cos i sin j
2 1 2
n dx dy dy dx
3 3 3 cos ,sin , cos ,sin
ds ds ds ds
9) dx dy dy dx
a) S i j n i j
ds ds ds ds
b)
15
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

2 2 2
tx 0 dy
2
x y 2
y ds y s
2 2
dx 2
ty 2
0 2
x y x ds x s

tz 0
0 0 0 0

tx y y sin x cos ty x s x y sin x cos

s n T ys y xs x 2 s 0 cte. 12)
T T
10) cos x xy 0 cos x cos xy sin cos
n n1 n2 0 t n T an1 i bn2 j dn1 en2 k a b 0 tn sin yx y 0 sin y sin yx cos sin
0 0 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 2
0 0 e 0 c d2 e2 0 cos sin
T
x xy cos
d e c
tn y sin yx cos sin x cos 2 2 xy sin cos y sin 2
One of the principal values is zero; therefore in Mohr s circle with 0 0
assuming that two other principal values are negative and positive,
2
only position which has pure shear, is corresponding to =0. n t tn2 x sin 2 2 xy sin cos y cos2
0 0 d m1
13)
T I m 0 0 e m2 0 a)
d e c m3 T AT TA
e 3 4
i j 0
n m d 5 5
2
e A 0 1 0
1
d 4 3
0
11) 5 5
In the matrix form one can write
16
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

3 4
T
3 4 For ellipse we have
0 0
5 5 50 37.5 0 5 5 ba 3 b3
M AB ba 3 i k
T 0 1 0 37.5 25 50 0 1 0 4 2A b 2
1 a
4 3 0 50 25 4 3
0 0 16)
5 5 5 5
2n1 4n3 0
n.T 2n1 4n3 3n2 6n3 4n1 6n2
t1 34i 62.5 j 12k t 2 62.5i 25 j t 3 12i 41k 3n2 6n3 0
b) 2 2 1 20
n tz
v Av tx 30i 62.5 j 20k , t y 37.5i 25 j 50k , t z 40i 15k 3 3 3 3
n 2n3 2n3 n3
14) 2 2 1 20
n - tz
Tij T ji niTij n j n j T ji ni tin j t j ni 3 3 3 3
15) 17)
0 0
2y 0 a)
b2 1 From solution of the ex.1 part c-page 46, one can write
2x 2y 2x x y z
t 0 0 2
0 2
i 2
j Ayk
a b 1 a x Cos Sin 0
2y 2x y Sin -Cos 0
Ay 1
b2 1 a2 z 0 0 1
b)
i j k T
cos sin 0 T11 T12 T13 cos sin 0
2 y2 x2
M x y 0 dS i Ay dS j Axy dS 2k dS T sin cos 0 T12 T22 T23 sin cos 0
b2 1 a2
S 2y 2x S S S
0 0 1 T13 T23 T33 0 0 1
Ay
b2 1 a2
n2 n3 0 tj ni T ij T1 j
2 I xx I yy 2
B 1 M AB I xx i I xy j k tx x cos xy sin 2 y sin 2
A b2 1 a2
x y
After Substitution moments of inertia into above equation, moment ty sin 2 xy cos 2
2
at the origin of the coordinate for that shape will be obtained.
17
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

tz xz cos yz sin T11 T12 T13

18) T T12 T22 T23
a) T13 T23 T33
x y z T AT TA
x Sin Cos Cos Cos -Sin 20)
y Sin Sin Cos Sin Cos a)
z Cos -Sin 0 In the yz plane, traction must be normal to the plane
b) x xz xy 0
1 b)
n 0 x x, y , z x x, y , z Ood function respect to the x
0
xz , xy on zy plane, zy , y, z all are even
One can follow from solution of the previous exercise similarly xy xz 0
xz on xy plane, xy on zx plane, all are ood
c)
c)
0
zy , y, z are even functions with respect to the x
n 1
f
0 f -x,y,z f x, y , z fx x, y , z f x x, y , z
ood with respect to the x
x
One can follow from solution of the previous exercise an ood function is equal to zero at the origin i.e. in the yz plane zy , x y, x z, x 0
19)
From solutions of the exercises 1-c and 17 page 46 we have
cos sin 0 1 0 0 cos sin 0
A1 sin cos 0 A21 0 cos sin A22 sin cos 0
0 0 1 0 sin cos 0 0 1
cos cos cos sin sin cos sin cos sin cos sin sin
A sin cos cos cos sin sin sin cos cos cos sin cos
sin sin sin cos cos
18
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Chapter: 3, Page: 93 IT 1 2 3
1) IIT 1 2 2 3 1 3
a) IIIT 1 2 3
12 12
25 25 0 IT IIT IIIT
n1 0 for 1 50 n 2 0 for 2 0 n3 1 for 3 50
16 9 0 a 0 2500 0
25 25 b -24 1081 0
b) c 7 -14 8
30 300 30 d 4 -1 -6
1 1 1
n1
161
60 for 1 23 n 2
1081
90 for 2 0 n3
329
150 for 3 47 3)
36 100 225 a)
c) p IT 3 P pI in which p is scalar and P is 2 nd rank tensor
0 0 1 T' T P 0I
1 1
n1 1 for 1 4 n2 1 for 2 2 n3 0 for 3 1 b)
2 2
1 1 0 T' T 8I P 8I
d) c)
1 1 1 T' T 73 I P 73 I
1 1 1
n1 0 for 1 3 n2 1 for 2 2 n3 2 for 3 1 d)
2 3 6
1 1 1 T' T 43 I P 43 I
2) 4)
Tii T11 T22 T33
IT Tii
Tij Tij T12j T22j T32j
1
IIT Tij Tij Tii2
2 T12j T112 T122 T132
1 in which T22j T212 T222 T232
IIIT eijk e pqr TipT jqTkr
6
T32j T312 T322 T332
19
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

Tij Tij T112 T222 T332 2 T122 T132 T322 ni( j ) is i th component of the j th principal direction of T
ni( j ) ni( j )'
Tii2 T112 T222 T332 2 T11T22 T11T33 T22T33 ni( j )'is ith component of the j th principal direction of T '
'
1 2 Tij Tij Tii2 T122 T132 T322 T11T22 T11T33 T22T33 i i p
IT' 1 p 2 p 3 p 0
1 6 eijk e pqr TipT jqTkr
IIT' 1 p 2 p 2 p 3 p 1 p 3 p
1 6 e pqr T1 pT2 qT3r e pqr T3 pT1qT2r e pqr T2 pT3qT1r
IIIT' 1 p 2 p 3 p
e pqr T3 pT2 qT1r e pqr T2 pT1qT3r e pqr T1 pT3qT2r
IT II T III T
e pqr T1 pT2qT3r T1 pT2qT3r u p u q u r

in which e pqr T3 pT1qT2r T3 pT1qT2r u p u q u r a 0 2500 0

b 0 1273 -9672
e pqr T2 pT3qT1r T2 pT3qT1r u p u q u r c 0 7/3 20/7
T11 T12 T13 T31 T32 T33 T21 T22 T23 d 0 13/3 -70/27
e pqr T1 pT2qT3r T21 T22 T23 , e pqr T3 pT1qT2r T11 T12 T13 , e pqr T2 pT3qT1r T31 T32 T33 6)
T31 T32 T33 T21 T22 T23 T11 T12 T13 a)
1 2 1 2
T11 T12 T13 T31 T32 T33 T21 T22 T23 Sx Sy Sz Sx S y Sx Sz S y Sz Sx S y2 S z2
2 2
T21 T22 T23 T11 T12 T13 T31 T32 T33
1 2
T31 T32 T33 T21 T22 T23 T11 T12 T13 II s Sx S y2 S z2 2
xy
2
xz
2
yz
2
Similarly for negative terms we have negative of above determinants b)
which minus sign in the behind of these terms change them to the 1 2 1 2 2 2
Sx Sy Sz Sx S y Sx Sz S y Sz Sx Sy Sx Sz Sy Sz
positive expressions 3 6
T11 T12 T13 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 II s Sx Sy Sx Sz Sy Sz xy xz yz
eijk e pqr TipT jqTkr T21 T22 T23 6
6
T31 T32 T33 c)
5) Sx Sy x P y P x y
20
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
II s x y x z y z xy xz yz
6 3
1 0 0
d) 1 1 1 1 1
0 t0 0 2 0 IT
xy zx yz 3 3 3 3 3
0 0 3
Sx Sy 1 P 2 P 1 2
1
1 2 2
3
2
II s
6
1 2 1 3 2 3 10)
1 2 2 2
From solution of the exercise 7 part a, we have
II s 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 2
0 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 3
7) 3 3 3 3
a) From solution of the exercise 6 part d, we have
2 2 2
1n x 2 ny 3 nz
1/ 2
n
0 2 3II s
2 2 2
t 2 2 2 2 2 2 11)
n n 1n x 2 ny 3 nz 1n x 2 ny 3 nz
From solutions of the exercises 7-b, 9 and 10, we have
b) 1 1
ti n ni n ei
ei i IT 1/ 2
i x, y , z
3 2 II s
ni
ei i n i 1, 2,3 '
i
n ei 1/ 2
i x, y , z
8) 2 II s
1 0 0 From relation of the exercise 8, we have
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
t0 0 2 0 1, 2, 3 1 2 3 IT2 2 IIT '2
1
'2
2
'2
3 2 II s
3 3 3 3
0 0 3 12)
1 2 2 2 1 2 a)
t0 1 2 3 IT 2 IIT q
3 3 Trs q rs ns 0 no summed on q
9) 1 2
Trs 2 rs ni nj 0
s
21
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

' ' '

ni
1
nj
2 1
n2 n3
2 1
n3 n2
2
1 2 3 IIT'
1
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
a 20000 -10000 -10000 300000000
ni nj esij ni n j ni nj n3 n1 n1 n3 b 10000 0 -10000 100000000
s 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 c 10000 0 -10000 100000000
ni nj n1 n2 n2 n1 2
3 d
'
1 12 2
4 2 0 '
1 12 2
4 2

If at least two roots of characteristic equation are similar then from

e A2 B2 0 A2 B2 A2 B2
solution of the ex. 22 page 46 one can write
D pq
p
nr Trs ns , D pq
q
Dqp , Trs Tsr
p q
nr ns =nr ns = ns nr
q p p q 14)
c)
1 2 1 2 1 2
ni nj n2 n3 n3 n2 0 n1 1 2 i j n2 k n3 1 2 i j
1

ni
1
nj
2 1
n3 n1
2 1
n1 n3
2
0 Trs ni
1
nj
2
0 d)
2 rs
2 s 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
ni nj n1 n2 n2 n1 0 8 2
2 2
2 2
4 2
3
2 2
q ns
3
ni
1
nj
2
0 4
Trs q rs ns 0 no summed on q n1
s 2 2 2 2
8 2 2 4
b)
0
For any arbitrary a and b scalar numbers and for ns which is the sth
scalar component of an arbitrary cosine direction vector, we have
Trs 2 rs ns 0 n2 k
2 2 3 2 3
a Trs 2 rs ns 0 Trs 2 rs ans bns 0 ns ans bns
3
b Trs 2 rs ns 0
2 1 3 1 2 3 1
n n and n n n an bn n

13)
22
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

2 1 3.37, 1 2.37, 3 1

4 2 2 2
4 2 0.5417743201
2 2
n1 0.5417743201
1 4
n3 0.6426205507
2 4 2 2 2
4 2
16)
0 3
5 2
22 56 0 23 5 2 2 22 2 56 0
1
e) n1 j k
2
17)
1 0 -1 ' '
T pq T pq kk pq T pq
1 A B 1 A 1
n1 n2 n3 IIT ' 2Tij' Tij'
2 2 2 2
2 A B A B 2 A2 B 2 2
B A B Tij' Tij' IIT '
2 2 2 2 2 2 ' ip jq Tij' ip jq
'
T pq
A B A B A B T pq T pq T pq
15)
a)
IT 0 IIT' IIT , IIIT' IIIT i i
'

IIT' 3a 2 k 2a cos k

IIIT' 2a 3
cos 3 1 1 1 0, 2 2 3, 3 2 3
1 2a, 2 a, 3 a
n1 1 3 i j k

b)
IT 0 IIT' IIT , IIIT' IIIT i i
'

IIT' 9 k 2 3 cos k

IIIT' 8 cos 3 1 4 27 1 0.231rad , 2 2.33rad , 3 1.86rad Chapter: 4, Page: 135

23
Introduction to The Mechanics of A Continuous Medium, Lawrence E. Malvern - Solutions of the exercises ([email protected])

1) 9 0 9 0 10 5 9 0 9
4 4 4
E 10 0 18 18 10 10 0 0 e 54 10 E' 10 4
0 0 18
9 18 27 5 0 0 9 18 9
b)
4 0 2 0 1 2 2 1 4
4 4 4
E 10 0 4 1 10 1 0 1 e 6 10 E' 10 4
1 6 0
2 1 6 2 1 0 0 2 4

3rd matrix is sum of the two previous matrices, i.e. bellow shape is
sum of the above shapes.

2)
a)