2014 SPECIAL

TNPSC Group II & VAO தேர்வுக்கு ப஬ன்படும்

஫ிக ப௃க்கி஬஫ான லினா-லிடைகள்

1. cyfpy; g+r;rpapdq;fs; vt;tsT?

7>50>000
2. cyfpy; jhtutiffs; vj;jid?
3>50>000
3. caphpdq;fsidj;Jk; capuw;w ,aw;ifr; #oiy rhh;e;Js;s
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid czh;;j;Jk; tifapy;> cUthd fUj;JU vJ?
caph;f;Nfhsk;
4. kdpjhpd; Rw;Wr;#oy; Fwpj;j gd;dhl;L cr;rp khehL vq;F eilngw;wJ?
];lhf; N`hk; (1972)
Fwpg;G : ,k;khehl;by; “xNu xU g+kp” vDk; njhlh; gug;gl;lJ.
5. Rw;Wr;#oy; njhlh;ghd I.eh fUj;juq;fk; vq;F eilngw;wJ?
eapNuhg;> (1982)
6. Gtp cr;rp khehL vq;F eilngw;wJ?
hpNah b n[dpNuh (1992)
Fwpg;G : ,k;khehl;by; „vjph;;fhyk;‟ vDk; jiyg;gpy; tpthjq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
7. cyfstpyhd> capUyfpd; gy;Yaph;j; jd;ikAk; mjidg; ghJfhj;jy; khehL
vq;F eilngw;wJ?
N[hfd;d]; ngh;f; (2002)
8. IRC – 1B, 1C, 1D Nghd;w nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;l juTfspd;
mbg;gilapy;> ve;j Mz;L Njrpa tdts mwpf;if ntspaplg;gl;lJ?
1999
9. caphpdq;fs; ,dq;fs;
caphpdq;fs; ,dq;fs;
ghY}l;btif tpyq;Ffs; 672
gwit 1228
Ch;td ,dk; 446
ePh;epy tho;tpfs; 204
10. jhtu ,dq;fs;
jhtuq;fs; ,dq;fs;
g+f;Fk; jhtuk; 15>000
kiwAk; #o;epiyapy; cs;s
jhtuk; 1>500
11. G+r;rpapdj;jpy; tz;LfSf;fhd Nfhypahg;buh> <f;fSf;fhd bg;buh thpiria
Njhw;Wtpj;J> caphpay; tifg;ghl;bd; je;ij vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lth; ahh;?
mhp];lhl;by;
12. caphpdq;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; vz;zj;ij mhp];lhl;by; Kjd;Kiwahf ve;j
Mz;L Vw;gLj;jpdhh;?
384 – 322 fp.K
13. tifghl;bay; gzpapid Kjypy; Jtf;fpath; ahh;?
,q;fpyhe;jpd; [hd;Nu (1627 – 1705)
14. tifg;gLj;Jjy; njhlh;ghf [hd;Nu> 1963 ,y; ntspapl;l E}y; vJ?
Synopsis Methodica Animalium Quadrupedumet Serpentini Generis
15. tpyq;Ffis> [hd;Nu vj;jid tiffshfg; gphpj;jhh;?

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 1. ,uj;jKilait 2. ,uj;jkw;wit
16. ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;git XH ,dk; rhh;e;jit vDk; Kiwahd tpsf;fj;ij
Kjypy; njhptpj;jth; ahh;?
[hd;Nu
17. tifg;ghl;baiy Nkk;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
];tPld; ehl;bd; fhh;y; ypd;da]; (1707 – 1778)
18. tifg;ghl;baypd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gl;l fhh;y; ypd;da]; ntspapl;l E}y;
vJ?
„Systema naturae‟ (1758) (,aw;ifapd; tifghL)
Fwpg;G : fPopwq;F gbepiy Kiwia Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;.
19. tpyq;Ffs;> jhtuq;fSf;F ‘,U ngah;fspLk;’ Kiwia Vw;gLj;jpaJ ahh;?
fhh;y; ypd;da];
20. caphpdq;fis tifg;gLj;;Jjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;jpid
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
gpuhd;R ehl;L jhtutpayhh; ikf;Nfy; Mlk;rd; (1727 - 1806)
21. ypd;da]; Njhw;Wtpj;j Kiwia Nkk;gLj;j Kad;wth;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth;
ahh;?
yhkhh;f; (1744 – 1829)
22. caphpay; njhlh;ghf> yhkhh;f; ve;j jiyg;gpy; VO Gj;jfq;fshf ntspapl;lhh;?
“Histoire Naturelle Des Animaux Sans Vertebres”.
23. tifg;ghl;likg;gpy; gbtq;fshfpa caphpfSf;Fk; ,lKz;L vd njhptpj;jth;
ahh;?
Ftpah; (1769 – 1832)
24. Ftpah; Kiwapy; tpyq;Ffspd; ehd;F gphpTfs; vit?
1. KJnfYk;gpfs; - kPdf ; s; Kjy; ghY}l;bfs;
2. nkhy];fh – nky;Ylypfs;> ghh;dfps;fs;
3. Mh;;l;bFNyl;lh – fpu];Nlrpah> g+r;rpapdq;fs;> rpye;jpg; g+r;rpfs;
4. NubNal;lh – Kl;Njhypfs;> cUisg; GOf;fs;> FopAlypfs;.
25. rhh;y]; lhh;tpdpd;> 1859 ,y; ntspapl;l E}y; vJ?
„origin of species‟ (,dkhjy;)
26. etPd tifg;ghl;bay; cUthd Mz;L vJ?
1930
27. ,. Nkah; (1942) vOjpa ve;j E}y; tifghl;Lj; Jiwapy; XH iky; fy;yhdJ?
„New systematics‟ (Gjpa tifg;ghl;likT)
28. ‘systema’ vd;gjw;F vd;d nghUSz;L?
njhlh;G mikT
29. ,dq;fspd; cwTKiwfis mwptNj ,dj;njhlh;G njhFg;gikT MFk; vd
njhptpj;jth; ahh;?
[p.[p rpk;rd; (1961)
30. jdpg;gphpthf Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; khWgl;l gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l mikg;G vJ?
XH njhFg;G
31. njhFjp GNuhl;NlhNrhthtpd; tFg;Gfs;
tFg;G gz;G
iuNrhNghlh Nth; Nghd;w Nghypf;fhy;fs;
rpypNal;lh rpypaq;fisg; ngw;wpUj;jy;
/g;shn[y;Nyl;lh firapio nfhz;lit
];NghNuhNrhth ];Nghh;fs; cilait.

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32. njhFjpfspd; gz;Gfs;
gz;Gfs; njhFjp
xU nry; tpyq;Ffs; Jis GNuhl;NlhNrhth
clypfs; nghJthd nghhp/nguh (JisAlypfs;)
clw;rPuzf;Fop rPnyd;bNul;lh (FopAlypfs;)
jl;ilg;GOf;fs; gpshl;bn`y;kpd;jp]; (jl;il GO
,dk;)
E}y; Nghd;w GOf;fs; epkl;Nlhlh (cUisg; GO ,dk;)

fZf;fhy;fs; Mh;j;NuhNghlh (fZf;fhypfs;)

nkd;ikahd cly; gug;G nkhy];fh (nky;Ylypfs;)
clw;Njhypy; Kl;fs; vf;ifNdhnlh;Nkl;lh (Kl;Njhypfs;)

KJF ehz; nfhz;lit fhh;Nll;lh

33. G+r;rpapdk; thpir

thpir gz;G cjhuzk;
VBNuh ,wf;iffspy;iy nygp];kh
(Gj;jfg;G+r;rp)
nyg;gpNlhg;buh nrjpy;fSila ,wf;iffs; tz;zj;Jg;g+r;rp
bg;buh ,uz;L ,wf;iffs; nfhRf;fs;
i`kpdhg;buh nky;ypa ,wf;iffs; Fstpfs;
34. rpwg;gpdk; Fwpj;j %d;W Kf;fpa gbtq;fs; vit?
1. tifrhh;e;j rpwg;gpdk; 2. ngah; rhh;e;j rpwg;gpdk; 3. caphpay; rpwg;gpdk;
35. Xh; njhFg;G my;yJ tifghl;L myF vJ?
XH $l;lk;
36. $l;lj;jpd; myF vJ?
OTU (Operational Taxonomic Units)
37. XH nry;ypd; midj;J FNuhNkhNrhk;fisAk; milahsk; fz;L mikg;ig
tpthpf;Fk; Kiw vJ?
fhhpNahilg;gpq;
38. jkpo;ehl;bYs;s ehd;F tif jtis ,dq;fs; vit?
Rana hexadactyla, R. tigrina, R. cyanophlictics and R. limnochoris
39. tpyq;Ffspd; tiffspy; xU nry; tpyq;Ffs; vit?
GNuhl;NlhNrhth
40. gy nry; tpyq;Ffs; vit?
nkl;lhNrhth
41. a+nkl;lhNrhthtpd; ,U gphpTfs; vit?
1. <uLf;F tpyq;Ffs;> 2. %tLf;F tpyq;Fs;
42. <uLf;F tpyq;Ffspd; mLf;Ffs; vit?
1. Gwg;gil> 2. mfg;gil
43. %tLf;F tpyq;Ffspd; mLf;Ffs; vit?
Gwg;gil> ,ilg;gil> mfg;gil
44. Nkhdpuhtpd; njhFjpfs; vit?
iraNdh ghf;Bhpah> ghf;Bhpah
45. GNuhB];lhtpd; ,U Jizg;gphpTfs; vit?
1. GNuhl;NlhNrhth 2. My;fh
46. caphpfspd; Ie;J NguuRfs; vit?
1. Nkhdpuh (Monera)> 2. GNuhB];lh (Protoctista), 3. g+Q;ir (Fungi)> 4.
gpshd;Nl (plantae) (gRe;jhtuk;)> 5. mdpkhypah
47. gy tif Ez;zpa caphpfspd; njhFjp vJ?

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 GNuhl;NlhNrh my;yJ xU nry; caphpfs;
48. Nghypf;fhy;> FWapiofs; my;yJ ePspapio ,tw;why; ,lg;ngah;r;rp nra;tJ
vJ?
xU nry; A+NfhpNahl;L
49. ghy;Kiw my;yJ ghypy;yh Kiw ,dg;ngUf;fk; cilait vit?
mkPgh> ghukPrpak;> gpsh];Nkhbak;
50. ePh;tho;td njhFjp vJ?
nghhp/nguh my;yJ JisAlypfs;
51. midj;Jk; FopAlypfSk; ePH; tho;td njhFjp vJ?
rPnyd;bNul;lh my;yJ FopAlypfs;
52. mlh; $o;kg; nghUs; vJ?
kPNrhfpspah
53. gy FopAlypfspy; cs;s <UUt mikg;Gfs; vit?
1. ghypg; 2. nkLrh
54. Gwg;gilapy; mike;jit vit?
epkl;Nlhrp];Lfs;
55. cly; Rthpy; cs;s gytifr; nry;fs; vit?
jirr; nry;fs;> vgpj;jPypar; jpRr; nry;fs;> Rug;gp nry;fs;> czh; nry;fs;
56. rPnyd;bNul;lh njhFjpapy; cs;s %d;W tFg;Gfs; vit?
i`bNuhNrhth> ];ifNghNrhth (Scyphozoa) (Hydrozoa) Me;NjhNrhth
(Anthozoa)
57. i`bNuhNrhtpy; cs;s epiyahd cly; mikg;G vJ?
ghypg;
58. jw;fhypfkhd nk^rh mikg;G cilait vit?
i`buh> xgPypah
59. nk^rh mikg;G epiyahdJ vJ?
];ifNghNrhth
60. epiyj;j ghypg;Gfs; vit?
Me;NjhNrhth caphpfs;
61. clypDs; kprd;lhpf;fs; vDk; Fly; jhq;fpfs; cs;sit vit?
fly; mdpNkhd;fs;> gtsq;fs;
62. jl;ilg; GOf;fs; njhFjp vJ?
gpshl;bn`y;kpd;j];
63. jl;ilg; GOf;fspd; fopT ePf;fKk;> CLfyg;G xOq;Fg;ghLk; vtw;why;
eilngWk;?
Rly; nry;
64. gpshl;bn`y;kpd;j]pd; %d;W tFg;Gfs; vit?
1. lh;ngy;Nyhpah (Turbellaria)> 2. bukl;Nlhlh (Ttrematoda)
3. nr];Nlhlh (Cestoda)
65. cUisg; GO ,dj;jpd; njhFjp vJ?
epkl;Nlhlh
66. xl;Lz;zpg; GOf;fs; vit?
M];fhhp]; Yk;gphpf;fhapb]; (Ascaris lumbricoides)
67. tisj;jirAlypfs; njhFjp vJ?
md;dyplh
68. clw;fz;lq;fs;> ve;j ,ilr;Rtuhy; gphpf;fg;gLk;?
nrg;lh
69. clypd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; cs;s ciw vJ?
fpa+l;bf;fps; (Cuticle)

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70. GO mikg;Gila tpyq;Ffspd; fopT ePf;fKk;> CL fyg;G xOq;FghLk;
vtw;why; epfOk;?
ne/g;hPbaq;fs;
71. GO mikg;Gila tpyq;Ffspy; jiyg;Gwj;jpy; %isahf mike;jJ vJ?
euk;gZj;jpus;fs; (Ganglia)
72. Kjd; Kiwahf njspthd> khWgl;l jiyg;gFjp Njhd;Wk; gz;G vJ?
jiyahf;fk;
73. ,U ghypd yhh;thf;fspd; ngah; vd;d?
bNuhf;NfhNghh; (Trochophore)
74. md;dyplh njhFjpapy; cs;s %d;W tFg;Gfs; vit?
ghypfPl;lh (Polychaeta)> MypNfhfPl;lh (Oligochaeta)> `pUbdpah (Hirudinea)
75. fly; tho; GOf;fshd ghypfPl;Lfs; vit?
1. ePhp]; (Nereis) 2. MhpdpNfhyh (Arenicola)
76. kz;GOf;fs; tFg;G vtw;wpy; mlq;fpaJ?
MypNfhfPl;lh
77. tFg;G `pUbdpahtpy; mlq;Fgit vit?
ml;ilfs;
78. yhh;thtpd; njhFjp vJ?
Mh;j;NuhNghlh
79. $l;Lf;fz; gy rpwpa czh; mikg;G vJ?
xkl;bak;
80. yhh;thf;fspd; clw;Fop ve;j jputj;jhy; epug;gg;gl;lJ?
`PNkhypk;g;
81. Mh;j;NuhNghlh njhFjpapy; cs;s Ie;J tFg;Gfs; vit?
1. Mdpf;NfhNghuh (Onychophora)> 2. kphpaNghlh (Myriapoda)
3. G+r;rpapdk; (Insecta)> 4. fpu];Nl~pah (Crustacea)
5. muhf;dpl (Arachnida)
82. Mdpf;NfhNghuhtpy; cs;s caphpfs; vJ?
GO Nghd;w nghpghl;l]; (Peripattus)
83. G+r;rpapdk;> ve;j Ez; %r;Rf; Foyhy; Rthrpf;Fk;?
buf;fpah
84. clypd; Nky;Gwj;jpy; fhug;Ng]; vDk; ghJfhg;G ciw nfhz;lit vit?
,uhy;> ez;Lfs;> fy;,uhy; Nghd;w tpyq;Ffs;
85. nky;Ylypfs; njhFjp vJ?
nkhy];fh
86. Nkd;by; miwapDs; cs;s vtw;why; Rthrpj;jy; eilngWk;?
nrTs;fs; my;yJ bdpak;
87. nky;Ylypfspd; yhh;th vJ?
buhf;NfhNghh; yhh;th
88. nky;Ylypfspd; %d;W tFg;Gfs; vit?
1. ngyprpNghlh my;yJ igthy;tpah (Pelecypoda or Bivalvia)
2. fh];bNuhNghl (Gastropoda)
3. rpgNyhNghlh my;yJ jiyf;fhypfs; (Ephalopoda)
89. igthy;tpah vitfs;?
kl;bfs;> rpg;gpfs;
90. fh];bNuhNghlh vit?
ej;ij
91. rpgNyhNghlh vit?

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 Mf;Nlhg];> yhypNfh> nrg;gpah
92. el;rj;jpu kPd;fs;> fly;mh;rr
; pd;fs;> fly; nts;shp ,tw;wpd; njhFjp vJ?
vf;ifNdhnlh;Nkl;lh
93. KJF ehzpfspd; (Chordata) njhFjp vJ?
fhh;Nll;lh
94. cyfpd; nghpa tpyq;F vJ?
ePyj;jpkq;fyk; (Blue whale)
95. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwpa KJnfYk;gpfs; vJ?
10 kp.kP ePsKila gpypg;igd; Nfhgp kPd;
96. tpyq;Ffspd; nghJg;gz;Gfs; vit?
1. KJF ehz;> 2. KJFg;Gw Foy; tbt euk;G tlk;> 3. nrTs; gpsTfs;>
4. fPo;Gw ,jak;> 5. %ba ,uj;jf; Foy;fspd; njhFg;G
6. fy;yPuy; Nghh;ll; y; mikg;G
97. njhFjp KJF ehzpfspd; Jizj; njhFjpfs; vit?
1. n`kpfhh;Nll;lh (Hemichordata)> 2. rpgNyhfhh;Nll;lh (Cephalochordata)> 3.
a+Nuhfhh;Nll;lh (Urochordata)
4. KJnfYk;gpfs; (Vertebrata)
98. GNuhl;Nlh fhh;Nll;LfSf;F NtW ngah; vJ?
VfpNudpah (Acrania)
99. fly; tho; caphpfspd; njhFjp vJ?
n`kpfhh;Nll;lh
100. FWapio ,af;fj;jhy; czT+l;lk; nfhs;git vit?
gyNdhfpshr];> rhf;Nfhfpshr];
101. kPdt; bt fly; tho; caphpfspd; Jizj; njhFjp vJ?
rpgNyhfhh;Nll;lh
102. czit tbfl;bAz;git vJ?
Mk;gpahf;r];
103. thy; KFJ ehzpfspd; Jizj; njhFjp vJ?
a+Nuhfhh;Nll;lh
104. thy; KFJ ehzpfspd; cliyr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s ciw vJ?
ba+dpf; (Tunic)
105. XH jiyg;gpul;il yhh;th epiy cs;sJ vJ?
mrpbad;> NlhypNahyk;> rhy;g;gh
106. tpyq;Ffspy; kz;ilNahLk; KJnfYk;Gj; njhlUk; cs;sJ vJ?
KJnfYk;gpfs;
107. KJnfYk;gpfspd; ,U gphpTfs; vit?
1. kPdf; s; 2. ehd;F fhypfs;
108. kPdf; spd; clyhdJ ve;j %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;lJ?
jiy> cly;> thy;
109. nrjpy;fspy; gy tiffs; vit?
gpsf;fhapL> irf;shapL> BdhapL> NfdhapL
110. cly; jirfspy; cs;s jirj; Jz;lq;fs; vit?
kNahNlhk;
111. ,jaj;jpd; miwfs; vj;jid? mit ahtd?
2 > 1. Mhpf;fps; 2. ntd;bhpf;fps;
112. ePH-epy tho;tpfs; vit vd fUjg;gLk;?
Njhy;tpAw;w ,dk;
113. Njhypy; Nfhior; Rug;gp cs;sJ vJ?
jtis

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114. Ch;td> gwitfs;> ghY}l;bfs; ,itfs; vJ?
mk;dpNahl;lh (Amniota)
115. mk;dpNahl;lhtpy; cs;s glyq;fs; vit?
mk;dpahd;> Nfhhpahd;> myd;lhap];
116. Ch;td rpWePufk; tif vJ?
nkl;lh ne/g;uh];
117. gwitfs; rpWePhpy; cs;sJ vJ?
a+hpf; mkpyk;
118. Gwh> fpsp> fhfk;> FUtp> kapy;> jPf;Nfhop> ngq;Ftpd; ,itfs; vit?
Nkd;ikAw;w Ch;td
119. ghY}l;Lk; tpyq;FfSf;F kk;khypah vd;W ngahpl;lth; ahh;?
ypd;da]; (1758)
120. Kiya+l;bfs; vd;W nghUs;gLtJ vJ?
kk;khypah
121. ghY}l;bfspy;> ,U ngU%is miuf; Nfhsq;fisAk; ,izf;f mbg;Gwj;jpy;
cs;s euk;gpiofs; mikg;G vJ?
fhh;gg; ]; fNyhrk;
122. ghY}l;bfspy; Fl;b <Dgitfspy; cs;s %d;W JiztFg;Gfs; vit?
1. khNdhbhpNkl;lh my;yJ GNuhl;NlhjPhpah (Monotremata or Prototheria)
2. khh;Rg; ghypah my;yJ nkl;lhjPhpah (Marsupialia or Metatheria)
3. gpshnrd;lhypah my;yJ a+j;jPhpah (Placentalia or Eutheria)
123. khNdhbhpNkl;lh vJ?
vWk;Gj; jpd;dpfs;> gpshl;bg];
124. khh;Rg; ghypah vit?
fq;fhU
125. gpshnrd;lhypah vit?
ahid> Gyp> rpq;fk;> kdpjd;> Fuq;F> eha;> G+id> vyp> ntsthy;
126. a+j;jPhpah JiztFg;gpd; thpir vJ?
gpiuNkl;L
127. gpiuNkl;bd;> ,U fz;fSk; Kd; Gwk; Nehf;fpAs;s ghh;itf;F vd;d ngah;?
igdhFyh; ghh;it
128. gpsh];Nkhbak; njhFjp vJ?
GNuhl;NlhNrhth
129. gpsh];Nkhbak; tFg;G vJ?
];NghNuhNrhth
130. gpsh];Nkhbak; thpir vJ?
`PNkh];Nghhpbah
131. kNyhpahtpw;F fhuzk; vJ?
gpsh];Nkhbak; ,dk; rhh;e;j xl;Lz;zp
132. kNyhpah NehAilath;fspd; ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s gpsh];Nkhbak; caphpfis
Kjypy; fz;lth; ahh;?
gpuhd;R ehl;bd; rhh;y;]; yhntud; (charles Laveran) – 1880
133. gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; NehAz;lhf;Fk; jd;ik> guty; Kiw Mfpatw;iw 1889,y;
tpsf;fpath; ahh;?
rh;. Nuhdhy;L uh]; (Sir Ronald Ross)
Fwpg;G : ,jw;fhf ,th; Nehgy; ghpR 1902,y; ngw;whh;.
134. gpsh];Nkhbaq;fSf;Fk;> mdhgpy]; nfhRf;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s
njhlh;Gfis> kpfj;Jy;ypakhf tpsf;fpath; ahh;?
fpuhrp (Grassi) – 1890

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135. XH mfr;nry; ,uj;j xl;Lz;zp vJ?
gpsh];Nkhbak;
136. kdpjdpd; clypDs;> gpsh];Nkhbak; EioAk; epiy vJ?
];NghNuhNrhapl;L
137. kdpjh;fspilNa> gpsh];Nkhbaj;ij gug;GtJ vJ?
mdgpy]; nfhR
138. kdpjUf;F Neha; cz;lhf;Fk; ehd;F tif gpsh];Nkhbaq;fs; vit?
Plasmodium vivax, P. Falciparum, P. Malaria, P. Ovale
139. kdpjhpd; clypy; cs;s gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; ,U epiyfs; vit?
1. Gwr;rptg;gZr; Row;rp> 2. mfr;rptg;gZr; Row;rp
140. Gwr; rptg;gZr; Row;rp ve;j cWg;gpy; epfOk;?
fy;yPuy;
141. mfr;rptg;gZr; Row;rp vtw;wpy; epfOk;?
,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs;
142. kdpj clypDs; mdgpy]; nfhRf;fbapdhy; EiotJ vit?
Mapuf;fzf;fhd fjph;tbt ];NghNuhNrhap
143. ];NghNuhNrhapl;Lf;fs;> fy;yPuypy; cl;Gwk; ve;j nry;fspy; jq;Fk;?
nul;bFNyh vd;NlhjPypay;
144. ];NghNuhNrhapl;Lf;fs; fy;yPuypy; vt;thW cUg;ngWk;?
fphpg;NlhNrhapl;L
145. mjpf mstpy; czTz;Zk; fphpg;NlhNrhapl;Lfs; vit vdg;gLk;?
fphpg;Nlh – irrhd;L
146. fphpg;Nlh – irrhd;L nry;fs;> gphpe;J ,uj;jj;jpy; vt;thW fyf;Fk;?
Ez;zpa fphpg;Nlh-kPNuhNrhapl;L (irNrhfdp)
147. irNrhfdp> fy;yPuypy; jq;Fk; ehl;fs; vj;jid?
7 ehs; Kjy; 17 ehl;fs; tiu
148. fphpg;Nlh – kPNuhNrhapl;Lfs;> mkPgh epiy ngWtJ vit vdg;gLk;?
bNuhNghNrhapl;Lfs;
149. bNuhNrhNrhapl;Lfs;> Kj;jpiu Nkhjpuepiyapy;> Ez;Fkpopia ,oe;J mstpy;
nghpjhtJ vJ?
irrhd;L epiy
150. irrhz;Lfs; gythfg; gpse;J vd;dthFk;?
kPNuhNrhapl;Lfs;
151. fha;r;rYf;F fhuzkhd kPNuhNrhapl;Lfspd; fopTg;nghUs; vJ?
`PNkhNrhapd;
152. kPNuhNrhapl;Lfs;> kPz;Lk; rptg;gZf;fisj; jhf;FtJ vit vdg;gLk;?
cs;Neha;g; guty;
153. Nfhy;ifapd; Row;rp my;yJ irNrhfdp vd miof;fg;gLtJ vJ?
,uj;jj;jpy; epfOk; Row;rp
154. gy Row;rpfSf;Fg;gpd; rpy kPNuhNrhapl;Lfs; vitfshf cUg;ngWk;?
Nfkpl;Nlhirl;Lfs;
155. Nfkpl;Nlhirl;Lfs; tiffs; vit?
1. khf;Nuh 2. ikf;Nuh
156. ,uj;jj;ij cwpQ;Rk; ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhRf;fs; vtw;iw gug;Gk;?
gpsh];Nkhbaq;fs;
157. nfhRtpDs; gpiof;Fk; Nfkpl;Nlhirl;Lfspy; NfkPl;Lfs; vDk; ,dg;ngUf;fr;
nry;fs; vJ?
Nfkpl;Nlhfdp
158. fjph; tbtpy; gy ikf;Nuhfhkpl;Lfs; Njhd;Wk; epfo;r;rp vJ?
vf;];gpsh[pNsrd;
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159. ngz; ,dg;ngUf;fr; nry; vJ?
khf;Nuhfhkpl;Nlh
160. nfhRtpd; ,iug;igapDs; ,iztJ vit?
ikf;NuhfhkPl;> khf;NuhfhkPl;
161. ikf;NuhfhkPl;> khf;NuhfhkPl; cl;fUf;fs; fyg;gJ vJ?
rpq;fkp (Syngamy) my;yJ ,dg; ngUf;fr; nry;fspd; xUq;fpizT
162. rpq;fkp> epfo;r;rpapy; Njhd;Wk; ,izT nry; vJ?
irNfhl; (Zygote)
163. fUKl;ilapd;> ntspg;Gwk; cs;s ciw vJ?
rp];L
164. rp];L ciwTs;s fUKl;il vit vdg;gLk;?
Crp];L (Oocyst)
165. gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; ehd;F tiffs; vit?
1. gpsh];Nkhbak; itthf;]; (Plasmodium vivax)> 2. gp. ghy;rpghuk; (P.
Falciparum)> 3. gp. kNyhpNa (P. Malariae)> 4. gp. xNtNy (P. Ovale)
166. gpsh];Nkhbaq;fis mopf;Fk; rpq;Nfhdh kug;gl;ilapypUe;J jahhpf;Fk;
kUe;Jfs; vit?
ghYbhpd;> ml;lgphpd;> fNkhFtpd;> FNshNuhFapd;> nuNrhrpd;> ghkhFtpd;
167. nfhRf;fspd; ePH tho; yhh;thf;fis cz;Zk; kPd;fs; vit?
fhk;g+rpah> nygp];l];
168. kz;GO
njhFjp – md;dyplh
tFg;G – fPl;NlhNghlh
thpir – MypNfhfPl;lh
caphp – yhk;gpl;Nlh khhpl;bia
169. njd; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s kz;GO ,dk; vJ?
yhk;gpl;Nlh khhpl;b
170. kz;GOtpd;> cl;Gwj;jpy; fz;lq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s ,ilr;Rth; vJ?
nrg;lk; (Septum)
171. kz;GOtpd;> xj;j mikg;G vJ?
nkl;lhnkhprk;
172. kz;GOtpd; tha; Jis> Rw;wpAs;s Kjy; clw;fz;lj;jpw;F vd;d ngah;?
nghp];Nlhkpak;
173. kz;GO clypd; filrp fz;lj;jpy; cs;s kyj;Jthuk; vJ?
gp[pbak;
174. kz;GOf;fspy; 14 Kjy; 17 tiuAs;s fz;lq;fs; ,ize;J jbg;gJ vJ?
fpisl;nly;yk;
175. kz;GOtpd; cly; Rtw;wpYs;s rpwpa Fopfspy; Ez;zpa tise;j cly;
Ez;Kl;fs; vJ?
Ez;Ks; nfhs; Fop
176. Ez;Ks; vtw;why; MdJ?
ifl;bd; vDk; nghUs;
177. GOf;fspd; Gwj;Jthuq;fs; vit?
1. KJfg;Gwj; Jisfs;> 2. tpe;Jg;igj; Jthuq;fs;
3. mz;l ehsj;Jisfs;> 4. tpe;J ehsj;Jisfs;
5. ne/g;hPbaj;Jisfs;
178. kz;GOtpd; cly; Rthpd; mLf;Ffs; vit?
vgpnlh;kp];> nlh;kp];> jirfs;> clw;Fop vgpj;jPypak;
179. vgpnlh;kp]; ve;j jpRtpdhy; MdJ?

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 Jz; vgpj;jPypak;
180. kz;GOtpd; jputj;jhy; epug;gg;gl;l clw;Fop Rw;wpYk; cs;sJ vJ?
vgpj;jPypak;
181. kz;GOtpd;> epwkw;w clw;Fop jputj;jpy; cs;s gy nry;fs; vit?
mkPghapL
182. kz;GOtpd;> czTf;Foypd; Nky; Rtw;wpypUe;J> mike;Js;s kbg;G FlypDs;
vJ?
bg;NyhNrhy;
183. kz;GOtpd; cztpy; cs;s gad;glhj kz;Jfs;> fopTg; nghUSld;
ntspNaWtJ vJ?
ehq;$o;f; fl;b
184. kz;GOtpd; clypy; cs;s ,U Kf;fpa ika ,uj;jf; Foy;fs; vit?
1. czTf; Foy; ,uj;jf; Foha; 2. czTf; Foy; fPo; ,uj;jf; Foha;
185. kz;GOtpd; fopT ePf;f cWg;G vJ?
ne/g;hPbaq;fs;
186. ne/g;hbP aq;fspy;> Rw;wpYk; cs;s Ez;zpio vJ?
rpypaq;fs;
187. ne/g;hbP aq;fspd; %d;W tiffs; vit?
1. nkfhne/g;hPbah> 2. ikf;Nuh ne/g;hPbah> 3. njhz;il ne/g;hb
P ah
188. kz;GOtpd;> fopT ePf;fj;jpw;nfd cs;s rpwg;Gr; nry; vJ?
FNshuNfh[d;
189. kz;GOtpd; clw; Rtw;wpYs;s cWg;Gfs; vit?
1. njhL czh; cWg;Gfs;> 2. Ntjpa czh; cWg;Gfs;
3. ntg;g czh; cWg;Gfs;
190. Mz; ,dg;ngUf;fj; Jthuj;jpy; cs;sJ vJ?
fytp Ez;Kl;fs;
191. kz;GOtpd;> Rug;Gj; jputk; tpe;Jr; nry;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; njhFg;GfSf;F
vd;d ngah;?
];ngh;kl;NlhNghh;fs;
192. kz;GOtpd;> cly; Kd; Kid gphpe;J ve;j tsh;igahFk;?
nfhf;$d; (Cocoon)
193. Gwh
Jizj; njhFjp – KJnfYk;gpfs;
tFg;G – gwitfs;
thpir – nfhyk;gpghh;kp];
tif – nfhyk;gh yptpah
194. Gwhf;fs; gwf;Fk; jpwDila vit?
NfhpNdl;Lfs;
195. tsh;g;Gg; Gwhf;fspd; tiffs; ahit?
Panter, Fantail, Tumblers
196. tsh;g;Gg; Gwhf;fs; ve;j top tif te;jit?
nfhyk;gh yptpah
197. Gwhf;fspd; myFfspd; Nky;Gwj;jpy; ve;j ciw cs;sJ?
uhk;NghjPf;fh (Rhampotheca)
198. Gwhtpd;> Nky; myfpd; mbg;Gwj;jpy; cs;s ,iz ehrpj;Jthuq;fs; Rw;wp vJ
cs;sJ?
rpah; (Cere) vDk; gUj;j Njhy; gFjp
199. Gwhtpd; fz;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;F vJ cs;sJ?
epf;bNll;bq; rt;T (Nictitating membrane) vDk; nkd;glyk;

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200. thy; gFjpapy; ve;j vz;nza; Rug;gp cs;sJ?
a+Nuhgp[pay; Rug;gp (Uropygeal gland)
201. Gwh> gwf;fhj Ntis mjd; rpwF vd;d tbtpy; ,Uf;Fk;?
„Z‟
202. Gwhtpd; Kd;Gwj;jpy; Nky;tif eLifia ,izf;Fk; Njhy; gFjpf;F vd;d
ngah;?
Kd;gl;lh[pak; my;yJ myhh; glyk;
203. Gwhtpd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; Nky;ifia clYld; ,izf;Fk; Njhy; gFjpf;F vd;d
ngah;?
gpd;gl;lh[pak;
204. Gwhtpd; ,wFfs;> mike;Js;s Nfhl;bw;F vd;d ngah;?
nlhpNy (Pterylae)
205. Gwhtpd; ,ilntspg;gFjpfSf;F vd;d ngah;?
VBhpah (Apteria)
206. Gwhtpd; clypy; cs;s ,wFfs; tiffs; vit?
,wf;if ,wFfs;> cUt ,wFfs;> ,io ,wFfs;
207. Gwhtpd; ,wf;if ,wF> ikaj;jpy; cs;s XH mr;rpd;> Nky;fPo;gFjpf;F vd;d
ngah;?
uhr;rp]; (Rachis) – Nky;gFjp
Ftp]; my;yJ fyhk]; (Quill or calamus) fPo;gFjp
208. Gwhtpd; Ftpy; gFjpapd; fPo;g;Gwj;jpy;> ve;j JisAs;sJ?
fPo; mk;gpypf;f]; (Inferior umbilicus)
209. Gwhtpd; ,uj;jf; Foy;fSf;F rw;W Nky;Gwj;jpy; cs;s Jis vJ?
Nky; mk;gpypf;f];
210. Nky; mk;gpypf;f]; mUfpy; vJ cs;sJ?
nkd;ikahd ,wFg;gFjp (Aftershaft)
211. Gwhtpd; ,wFg;gwg;G vjpy; mike;jJ?
uhf;rp]p
212. Gwhtpd; ,izfshd ePl;rpfSf;F vd;d ngah;?
ghh;Gfs; (Barbs) my;yJ ,iofs;
213. Gwhtpd; ,iofspd; ,UGwj;jpy; ve;j Ez;zpio cs;sJ?
ghh;gpa+y; (Barbules)
214. Gwhtpd; Nky;ifapy; ,ize;Js;s 11 ,wFfs; vJ?
Kjy; epiy ,wFfs;
215. Gwhtpd; eLf;ifapy; cs;s 12 ,wFfs; vit?
,uz;lhk; epiy ,wFfs;
216. Gwhtpd; thy; gFjpapy; cs;s 12 ,wFfs; ve;j tbtpy; ,ize;Js;sJ?
tprpwp
217. Gwhtpd; mfr; rl;lfk; fhw;why; epug;gg;gl;ljw;F vd;d ngah;?
fhw;nwYk;G
218. Gwhtpd; ngUk; khh;Gj; jirfs; vJ?
ngf;Nlhuhyp]; Nk[h; (Pectoralis major)
219. Gwhtpd; rw;W ePskhd rpwpa jir vJ?
ngf;Nlhuhyp]; ikdh; (Pectoralis minor)
220. Gwhf;fs; ,wFfis fPopwf;f cjTk; rpWjir vJ?
Nfhgpuhf;fpahyp]; (Coracobrachialis)
221. Gwhtpd;> thapDs; totog;ghd nghUisr; Ruf;Fk; vj;jid Rug;gpfs;
cs;sJ?

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 %d;W
222. Rth; kPs;jd;ikAila jPdpg;igapy; vJ cs;sJ?
Nfhior; Rug;gpfs;
223. Gwhtpd; ,iug;ig Kd;gFjp vJ?
GNuhntd;bhpFy]; (Proventricuius)
224. Gwhtpd; Kd; Fly; gFjp vJ?
„U‟ tbt bNahbdk;
225. Gwhtpd; tise;j gpd; Fly;gFjp vJ?
,ypak; (Ileum)
226. Gwhtpd; nghJf;foptiw FNshNaf;fhtpy; (Cloaca) cs;s %d;W rpwpa
miwfs; vit?
1. Kd;Gw Nfhg;Nuhbak; (Coprodaeum)> 2. eLg;Gw a+Nuhbak; (Urodaeum)> 3.
fPo;Gw gpuhf;Nlhbak; (Proctodaeum)
227. Gwhtpd;> kyf;Fly; vtw;why; jpwe;Js;sJ?
Nfhg;Nuhbak;
228. Gwhtpd; rpW ePuf ,dg;ngUf;f ehsq;fs; vjpy; Kbtile;Js;sd?
a+Nuhbak;
229. GwhTf;F ntspapy; jpwe;Js;sJ vJ?
gpuhf;Nlhbak;
230. Gwhtpd; fy;yPuypy; Njhd;Wk; ,U gpj;j ehsq;fs; Neubahf jdpj;jdpNa
vtw;wpy; jpwe;Js;sJ?
bNahbdk;
231. Gwhtpd; cs;thapd; njhlh;r;rpahf cs;s ve;j gFjp njhz;ilapDs;
jpwe;Js;sJ?
fpshl;b]; (Glottis)
232. khh;giwapy; %r;Rf;Foy; Fuy; vt;thW mfd;Ws;sJ?
xypg; ngl;lfk; (Syrinx)
234. EiuaPuy;fSld; njhlh;Gila fhw;Wg;igfs; vj;jid?
xd;gJ
235. xd;gJ fhw;Wigfs; vitfshFk;?
ika Njhs;gl;ilg;ig> Xhpiz fOj;Jg; igfs;> <hpiz khh;Gg; igfs; kw;Wk;
Xhpiz tapw;Wg; igfs;
236. Gwhtpd; ,jaj;jpy; cs;sJ vit?
,uz;L Mhpf;fps;fs;> ,uz;L ntd;bhpf;fps;fs;
237. Gwhtpd; %isapy; ve;j %d;W gFjpfs; njspTw cs;sJ?
Kd;> ,il> gpd; %isfs;
238. rpW %is vJ Kd;Ndhf;fp ePz;Ls;sjhy;> ilad;rp/gyhd; (Diencephalon)
vDk; ,il %isg;gFjp kiwe;Js;sJ?
nrhpngy;yk; (Cerebellum)
239. Gwhtpd; ilad;rp/gyhdpd; Nky; Gwj;jpy; ve;j cWg;G cs;sJ?
gPdpay;
240. Gwhtpd; ilad;rp/gyhdpd; fPo;Gwj;jpy; fPo; ePl;rp ve;j Rug;gpahf cs;sJ?
gpl;a+l;lhp
241. Gwh gwf;Fk; NghJ fz;fis ghJfhg;gJ vit?
];fpspuhl;bj; jl;L> epf;l;bNll;bq; glyk;
242. fz; jputj;jpDs; cs;s epwkp ePl;rp vJ?
ngf;ld;
243. Gwhtpd; ve;j fopT ntz;ik epwj;jpy; A+hpf; mkpykhf ePf;fg;gLk;?
iel;u[d;

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 Mk;gpahf;r];
244. njhFjp – KJF ehzpfs;
Jizj;njhFjp – jiy KJF ehzpfs;
tif – Mk;gpahf;r];
245. Jizj;njhFjpapy; cs;s ,U ,dq;fs; vit?
gpuhq;fpNah];Nlhkh> Vrpnkl;uhd;
246. gpuhq;fpNah];Nlhkh ,dj;jpw;F rhd;W vJ?
Mk;gpahf;r];
247. KJFehzpfspd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfs; vit?
1. tho;ehs; KOtJk; epiyf;Fk; ePz;l KJF ehz;
2. KJFg;Gwj;jpy; Foy;tbt euk;Gj; jz;L
3. njhz;ilg; gFjpapy; gy nrTs; gpsTfs;
248. Mk;gpahf;r]; mikg;gpd; fhuzkhf nfhz;Ls;s ngah; vJ?
yhd;nryl;
249. clypd; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; ve;j kbg;Gfs; Njhd;Wk;?
nkl;lhgpspa+uy;
250. Gdy; tbt tha;Kd; miw vJ?
nt];bgpa+y;
251. nt];ba+g+ypd; fPo;g;Gwj;jpYs;s rt;tpd; ikaj;jpy; cs;s cWg;G vJ?
„tPyk;‟
252. Mk;gpahf;r]pd;> tha;Nehf;fpa XH ePNuhl;lk; vJ vdg;gLk;?
rf;fu cWg;G
253. tha; %bapd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy;> Ez;zpiofs; nfhz;l gs;sk; vJ?
`hl;nrf;
254. Mk;gpahf;r]pd;> nrTs; gpsTfs; cly; Rtw;wpw;F ,ilapy; cs;s ve;j
miwapDs; jpwe;Js;sJ?
Vl;hpak;
255. cly; Rth; ntsp> cs; vtw;why; MdJ?
ntsp – vgpnlh;kp];> cs; - vgpnlh;kprhy;
256. vgpnlh;kprpy; XuLf;F J}z; vJ cs;sJ?
vgpj;jPypa nry;fs;
257. vgpj;jPypa nry;fspy;> ntspg;Gwkhf cs;s ,izg;Gj;jpR vJ?
nlh;kprpy;
258. vgpj;jPypa nry;fspy;> cl;Gwkhf ehh;fSila ve;j gFjpAs;sJ?
khl;hpf;];
259. nlh;kprpd; mbapy; cs;s jirj; Jz;lq;fs; vit?
ikNahNlhk;fs; (m) ikNahkpah;fs;
260. Vl;hpa miwapd; kpfg;nghpa ve;j clw;Fop FWfp mike;Js;sJ?
rPNyhk;
261. Mk;gpahf;r]pd; clw;rl;lfk; vtw;why; Mf;fg;gl;lJ?
KJF ehz; jpR> n[yhl;bd; nghUs;
262. njhz;ilr; Rtw;wpd; ,UGwj;jpy; vj;jid nrTs; gpsTfs; cs;sJ?
180
263. Flypd; fPo;Gwj;jpy;> XH nghpa vJ cs;sJ?
fy;yPuy; ePl;rp
264. njhz;ilg; gFjpapy; Nky;> fPo; gug;Gfspd; ikaq;fspy; cs;s ,U thpg;
gs;sq;fs; vit?

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 vd;Nlh];ily;
265. njhz;ilapd;> fPo;thpg;gs;sj;jpy; ehd;F jlq;fshf cs;sJ vJ?
Nfhior; Rug;gpr; nry;fs;
266. jlq;fSf;F ,ilapy; mike;Js;sJ vJ?
FWapior; nry;fs;
267. FWapioj; jlq;fSf;F vd;d ngah;?
njhz;il #o; gl;ilfs;
268. nrTs; gpsTfspd; topahf ePH ntspNaWk; NghJ epfOtJ vJ?
O2 kw;Wk; Co2 tpd; ,lkhw;wk;
269. Mk;gpahf;rpw;F ,uj;jk; Vd; epwkw;wJ?
,jak;> Rthr epwkp ,y;iy
270. jkdpapypUe;J ,iz ,uj;jf; Foha;fs; nrTs;fspDs; EiotJ vJ?
nrTs; Nehf;F ,uj;jf; Foy;fs;
271. ,uj;j Foha;> Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nrd;W fy;yPuy; ePl;rpapy; KbtiltJ vJ?
fy;yPuy; Nghh;l;ly; mikg;G
272. Mk;gpahf;rpapd; fopT ePf;F cWg;G vJ?
ne/g;hPbaq;fs; vDk; ,izapWg;G
273. ne/g;hb
P aj;jpd; ,U ePl;rpfspYk; mike;Js;sJ vit?
Rlh; nry;fs; (m) nrhyNdhirl;Lfs;
274. xU ne/g;hb P aj;jpy;> cs;s nrhyNdhirl;Lfs; vj;jid?
500
275. %is> jz;Ltlk; Nghd;w njspthd cWg;Gfs; ,y;iy vtw;wpw;F?
Mk;gpahf;r];
276. Mk;gpahf;r]; clypy;> vj;jid ,iz ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfs; cz;L?
26
nry; caphpay;
277. caphpfspd; nray; kw;Wk; mikg;gpd; mbg;gilahd nry;nfhs;if
ntspapl;lth;fs; ahth;?
kj;ah]; ];nrypld; (Mathias Schleiden) jpNahlh; ];thd; (Theodor Schwann)
– (1838 – 39)
278. caphpaNyhL njhlh;Gila gy Gjpa gphpTfs; vit?
nry; tifg;ghl;bay;> nry; kugpay;> nry; nraypay;> nry; Ntjpapay;>
%yf;$W caphpay;> nry; Nehapay;> nry; #opay;
279. nry;fs; mikg;G vt;tsT?
5 – 500 mf;F ,ilg;gl;l tpl;l msT
280. rp];lNk ,d;lh;Ne~dd; (SI) myfpd; gb ePsj;jpd; myF
1 (m) = 1000 mm (10-3m)
1 mm = 1000 (m) (10-6m)
1 m = 1000 (nm) (10-9m)
1 nm = 1000 (pm)
281. Mq;];lhuhq; (Å) vd;gJ vt;tsT?
10-10m
282. kdpjdpd; fz;fspd; NtWgLj;jy; jpwd; vt;tsT?
0.1 mm (or) 100 m
283. Kjd; Kjypy; $l;L Ez;Nzhf;fpia cUthf;fpath;fs; ahth;?
1950 ,y; gpuhd;rp]; N[d;nrd; (Francis Janssen) kw;Wk; rf;fhpah]; N[d;nrd;
(Zacharias Janssen)

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284. G+r;rpfspd; $l;Lf;fz;fis MuhAk; vspa> Ez;Nzhf;fpia cUthf;fpath;
ahh;?
fypypNah fypyp (Galileo Galilei 1564-1642)
285. tpyq;Ffspy; jpRf;fis Muha Ez;Nzhf;fpia gad;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
khh;nrNyh khy;gp[p (Marcello Malpighi, 1628-1694) - ,j;jhyp
286. jf;irj;jpRtpd; nky;ypa gFjpapid Muha> jhNd xU $l;L Ez;Nzhf;fpia
cUthf;fp> jf;if jpRtpd; nry;fSf;F ‘nry;’ vd ngahpl;lth; ahh;?
uhgh;l; `Pf; (Robert Hooke) vDk; Mq;fpNya Ez;Nzhf;fp Muha;r;rpahsh; -
(1665)
287. Ez;Nzhf;fpapy; juk; cah;j;jg;gl;l nyd;]; cgNahfg;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
Md;ld; thd; yPtd; `hf; (1632-1723) (Anton Van Leeuwenhoek)
288. Md;ld; thd; yPtd; `hf;d;> Ez;Nzhf;fp cUngUf;fj;jpwd; vt;tsT?
300X
289. nyd;rpd; ,Utiffs; vit?
1. nghUsUF nyd;];> 2. fz;zUF nyd;];
290. Ez;Nzhf;fpapy; nghUj;jg;gl;lit vitfs;?
nghUsUF nyd;R> Ftpg;ghd; jhq;fpfs;
291. Ez;Nzhf;fpapy; xspiar; Nrfhpf;Fk; nghUsUF nyd;rpd; gz;ig
mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf ];iyLf;Fk;> nghUsUF nyd;Rf;Fk; ,ilapy; vz;nza;
itg;gJ vJ?
vz;nza; top Ez;Nzhf;fp
292. jpiuapy; Njhd;Wk; gpk;gj;ij Gifg;glr; RUspy; gjpa itj;J tiu glkhfj;
jahh; nra;tJ vJ?
flj;Jk; kpd;dZ Ez;Nzhf;fp (TEM)
293. kpd;dZ Ez;Nzhf;fpahy; vtw;iw fhz KbahJ?
<ukhd capUs;s nry;fs;
294. nghUs; KOikahf> vjdhy; ];Nfd;> nra;ag;gLk;?
kpd;dZ fjph;
295. Nfhy;if cWg;Gfis rhaNkw;Wgit vit?
N[d]; gr;ir – B (Janus green – B)> ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; pah
296. FNuhNkl;bd; ,ioia rhaNkw;WtJ vit?
kPijypd; ePyk; (Methylene blue)> gphpAk; nry;fspd; cl;fU
297. ePAl;uy; rptg;G (Neutral red) my;yJ fhd;Nfh rptg;G (Congo red) rhaq;fs;
vtw;iw epwNkw;Wk;?
<];L nry;fs;
298. fz;zhbj; Jz;lj;jpd; Nky; nghUis jahh; nra;tjw;F cs;s epiyfs;
vit?
nfhy;Yjy;> epiyg;gLj;Jjy;> rhaNkw;Wjy; kw;Wk; gjpj;jy;
299. ey;y epiyg;gLj;jpfs; (Fixative) ghf;Bhpahtpdhy; Vw;gLk; ve;j epfo;Tfisj;
jtph;f;Fk;?
Ml;Nlhiy]p]; kw;Wk; mOFjy;
300. nghJthf gad;gLk; epiyg;gLj;jpfs; vit?
mrpbf; mkpyk;> ghh;khy;bi`L Nghapd;]; fiury; kw;Wk; fhh;dha;]; jputk;
301. nry;fs; my;yJ jpRf;fspy; cs;s ePh; vit %yk; ntspNaw;wg;gLk;?
Ntjpg;nghUs;
302. Ntjpg;nghUl;fs; %yk; ePH ntspNaWk; nraypy; <LgLgit vit?
vj;jdhy; kw;Wk; ngd;rPd;

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303. Gijj;jYf;F cl;gl;l nghUs;fs; Njitahd mstpy; Jz;lhf;f gad;gLk;
rhjdk; vJ?
ikf;NuhNlhk; (Microtome)
304. irl;Nlhgpshrk; vjdhy; ,sk; rptg;ghfpwJ?
,Nahrpd; (Eosin)
305. cl;fUit ePyepwkhf rhaNkw;WtJ vit?
`Pkl;lhf;];ypd; (Haematoxylin) (m) rptg;G fye;j Nrg;uhdpd; (Red with
Safranin)
306. Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l Jz;Lfis fz;zhb Jz;lj;jpd; Nky; gjpa itg;gjw;F
gad;gLk; Clfk; vJ?
fdlh ghy;rk;
307. vyf;l;uhd; Ez;Nzhf;fp %yk; fhz;gJ vJ?
gpsh];kh glyk;
308. gpsh];kh glyk;> nfhOg;G nghUshy; MdJ vd $wpath; ahh;?
1895 ,y; Xth;lhd; (Overton)
309. nry; glyj;jpy; ,uz;L gf;fKk; Gujq;fshy; #og;gl;l nfhOg;G mLf;Ffs;
cz;L vd njhptpj;jth;fs; ahth;?
1935 ,y; Nldpayp (Danielli) kw;Wk; Nlt;rd; (Davson)
310. vyf;l;uhd; Ez; tiugl cjtpAld; myFg;glyf; Nfhl;ghl;bidf; $wpath;
ahh;?
1960 ,y; uhgh;l;]d; (Robertson)
311. uhgh;l;]d;> Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb nfhOg;Gg; gFjp ve;j %yf;$Wfshy; MdJ?
gh];Nghypg;gpL
312. gpsh];kh glyj;jpw;fhd ‘jputj;jd;ik $l;likg;G’ cUtfk;> ahUila
fUj;Jg;gb Njhd;wpw;W?
1972 ,y; ]pq;fh; (Singer) kw;Wk; epf;nfhy;rd; (Nicholson)
313. nfhOg;gpy; fiuAk; nghUl;fs; Ntfkhf ve;j glyj;jpy; fiue;J cl;nry;Yk;?
gh];Nghypg;gpl;
314. cah; tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fspd; nry;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,io my;yJ
Jfs;fs; Nghd;w Ez;ZWg;Gfs; vit?
ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpaq;fs;
315. ikl;Nlh fhz;lh; paq;fs; vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
My;fh> GNuhNlhNrhth> g+Q;ir
316. 1850 ,y; thpj;jir nry;fspy;> Jfs; mikg;ig Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
Nfhypf;fh; (Kolliker)
317. Jfs; mikg;gpw;F> ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpak; vdg; ngahpl;lth; ahh;?
ngd;lh (Benda) – 1897 – 98
318. ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; paj;jpy; eilngWk; fpisNfhiyrpypy; gy;NtW epiyfis
fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;?
n[h;kd; cah; Ntjpapay; Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; vk;g;ld; (Embden) kw;Wk; Nkah;
`hg; (Meyerhof)
Fwpg;G : ,jw;fhf 1922 ,y; vk;g;ld; Nehgy; ghpR ngw;whh;
319. rpl;hpf; mkpy Row;rpiaf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
1937 ,y; rh; N`d;]; mlhy;;g; fpug;]; (Sir Hans Adolph Krebs)

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320. ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; paj;jpy; eilngWk; rpl;hpf; mkpyr;Row;rp> Mf;]pfuz gh];Ngl;
Vw;wk; kw;Wk; nfhOg;G mkpy Mf;]pfuzk; Mfpatw;iw tpsf;fpath; ahth;?
nfd;db (Kennedy) kw;Wk; nydpd;[h; (Leninger) – 1948 – 50
321. ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; pad;fspd; vz;zpf;if

caphpdq;fs; vz;zpf;if
fly; mh;r;rpdpd; mz;lk; 1>40>000 Kjy; 1>50>000
,Utho;tpfspd; mz;lk; 300>000
vypapd; fy;yPuy; nry; 500 – 1600
rpy My;fh nry; 1
322. ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; pad;fs; ,io mikg;gpd; msT vd;d?
0.5 m Kjy; 2.5 m
323. ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpahitr; Rw;wpAs;s ntspglyj;jpw;Fk;> cs;glyj;jpw;Fk; cs;s
,ilntsp vt;tsT?
6-8 nm
324. cs;glyj;jpy; cUthFk; kbg;G vJ?
fphp];Nl (Cristae)
325. cs; miwapy; mlh;j;jpahd vit cs;sJ?
$o;k ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpay; Nkl;hpf;]; epuk;gp
326. Nkl;hpf;]; epuk;gpy; cs;s %yf;$Wfs; vit?
nfhOg;G> Gujk; kw;Wk; tl;l DNA
327. Nkl;hpf;]; gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLtJ vJ?
gy nehjpfs;
328. ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpad;fs;> nry;fspd; gy Kf;fpa nray;fs; vit?
Mf;]pfuzk;> i`l;u[d; ntspNaw;wk;> Mf;]pfuz gh];Ngl; Vw;wk; kw;Wk;
Rthrr; rq;fpyp
329. nry;fspd; cz;ikahd Rthr cWg;G vJ?
ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; pad;fs;
340. ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpahtpy;> biu gh];Ngl; my;yJ ATP fis cUthf;fg;
gad;gLtJ vJ?
mbNdhird;
341. nry;fspd; rf;jp epiyak; vJ?
ikl;Nlhfhz;lh; pah
342. tpyq;Fnry;fspy;> vt;tsT rjtPjk; ATP %yf;$Wfis ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpah
cUthf;Fk;?
95%
343. rpwpa mlh;j;jpahd> cUz;il tbtpy;> Jfs;fs; mikg;GilaJ vJ?
iuNghNrhk;fs;
344. iuNghNrhk;fspy;> fhzg;gLk; Gujk; vJ?
iuNghepAf;spf;
345. ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpah jdpahf vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
gRq;fzpfq;fs; kw;Wk; irl;Nlhgpshrk; Mfpatw;wpd; Nkl;hpf;];
346. ikl;Nlhfhz;l;hpah> Xl;bf;nfhz;L vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
vz;Nlhgpshrtiy kw;Wk; cl;fU
347. iuNghNrhikg; gw;wp Kjypy; tpsf;fk; mspj;jth; ahh;?
[P.,. ghyNl (G.E. Paladae – 1952)
348. 1958 ,y; iuNghNrhk; vd ngahpl;lth; ahh;?
Mh;.gp. uhgh;l]
; ; (R.B. Roberts)
349. iuNghNrhk;fs; vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
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 GNuhNfhpahl; kw;Wk; ANfhpahl; nry;
350. fiza nry;fs;> gpsh];kh nry;> fy;yPuy; nry;fs;> vYk;G nry;fs;>
rg;Nkf;]pyhp Rug;gpapy; cs;s rPu];nry;fs;> ,iug;igapy; cs;s Kf;fpa
Rug;gpfspd; nry;fs;> ijuha;L nry;fs; kw;Wk; ghy;Rug;gpr; nry;fs; vit?
Ntfkhf eilngWk; nry;fs;
351. iuNghNrhk;fs; cUz;il tbtj;jpy; vt;tsT tpl;lk; cilait?
150 Kjy; 250 Å
352. iuNghNrhkpd; ,uz;L gFjpfs; vit?
1. nghpa fyr tbtk; cilaJ
2. rpwpa> nghpa gFjpapd; Nky;Gwk; njhg;gp Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;
353. iuNghNrhk;fs; vtw;why; MdJ?
R.N.A (iuNghePAf;spf; mkpyk;) kw;Wk; Gujk;
354. rRNA apd; nray;fSf;F fphpah Cf;fp vJ?
iuNghNrhkpd; Gujq;fs;
355. Kg;ghpkhd Njhw;wj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tiy Nghd;w cs;sPlw;w Foy;fs; vit?
rp];lh;Nd
356. mfg;gpshrtiy vd ngahpid toq;fpath; ahh;?
1953 ,y; Nghh;ll; h; (Portar)
357. iuNghNrhk;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tiy vJ?
fbd (Rough) vz;Nlhgpshr tiy (RER)
358. iuNghNrhk; ,y;yhj vz;Nlhgpshr tiy vJ?
kpUJthd (Smooth) vz;Nlhgpshr tiy (SER)
359. Gw mikg;gpy; vz;Nlhgpshr tiy nfhz;Ls;s %d;W mikg;Gfs; vit?
jl;Lfs; (Lamellar)> Fkpo;fs; (Vesicular)> Foy;fs; (Tubular) mikg;G
360. jl;Lfspd; tpl;lk; vJ?
40-50 m
361. rp];lh;Nd vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
fizak; KJFehz; kw;Wk; euk;G nry;
362. Fkpo;fspd; tpl;lk; vJ?
25-500 m
363. Foy;fspd; tpl;lk; vt;tsT?
50-190 m
364. Nfhy;if cWg;Gfisf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
,j;jhypa euk;gpay; epGzh; NfkpNyh Nfhy;[p (Camillo Golgi) – 1873
365. Nfhy;if cWg;Gfspd; myF vJ?
rp];lh;Nd
366. xU rp];lh;Ndapd; tpl;lk; vd;d?
1 m
367. rp];lh;Ndf;fspd; njhFg;gpy; cs;s mLf;fpd; ,ilntspapd; msT vt;tsT?
20-30 nm
368. xU njhFjp rp];lh;Ndf;fs; vJ?
bf;bNahNrhk; (Dictyosome)
369. Nfhy;if cWg;Gf;fs; vit?
Foy;fs;> Fkpo;fs;> rp];lh;Nd

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370. vz;Nlhgpshr tiy cUthf;Fk; Gujk; nfhOg;Gf;fis> kw;w nghUl;fis
Nrkpg;gJ vJ?
Nfhy;if cWg;G
371. iyNrhNrhk;fs; Kjypy; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lJ?
cl;fU #o; mlh; cWg;Gfs;
372. iyNrhNrhk;fs; vd ngahpl;lth; ahh;?
1955 ,y; rp.b. bNt (C.D. Duve)
373. iyNrhNrhk;fspd; msT vt;tsT?
0.2 Kjy; 5 m
374. iyNrhNrhkpy; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd nehjpfs; vit?
GNuhl;bNa];> epAf;spNa];> fpisf;Nfh irNl];> ypg;Ng];> gh];Nghypg; Ng];>
gh];gl;Nl]; kw;Wk; ry;gNl];
375. iyNrhNrhk;fs; vtw;wpypUe;J Njhd;Wk;?
Nfhy;if cWg;G (m) Neubahf mfg;gpshr tiy
376. xU nry; Kjph;rr ; papdhy; ,we;J tpLk; Ntisapy; mr;nry;ypy; cs;s
iyNrhNrhk;fs; cile;J nry;iy rPuzpg;gJ vit vdg;gLk;?
Ml;Nlhiyrp]; (Autolysis)
377. GNuhl;NlhNrhth> g+Q;irfs;> jhtuq;fs;> KJnfYk;gpfspd; fy;yPuy;> rpWePufk;
Mfpatw;wpd; nry;fspy; fhzg;gLtJ vJ?
ngh; Mf;]pNrhk;fs;
378. ngh; Mf;]pNrhk; vdg; ngahpl;lth;fs; ahth;?
1966 ,y; rp.b.bNt (C.DE. Duve) kw;Wk; gp.ghLAd; (P. Baudhuin)
379. ngh; Mf;]pNrhkpy; fhzg;gLk; Nfl;lNy]; (Catalase) vDk; nehjp> nray;
vd;d?
i`l;u[d; ngh; Mf;]piril jPq;fw;w ePh; kw;Wk; Mf;]p[dhf khw;Wk;.
380. cl;fUtpd; mUfpy; cs;s ,U cUis tbt Ez;zpa Foy; mikg;G vJ?
nrd;lh; pNahy;fs;
381. nrd;lh; pNahy;fs;> firapio my;yJ FW ,ioAld; njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jhy;
vit vdg;gLk;?
Ngry; ghb (Basal body)> mbj;jpus; cWg;G
382. nrd;lh; pNahy;fs; vtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;?
nghJthf tpyq;F nry;fs;> My;fh nry;fs; kw;Wk; rpy nguzp nry;fs;
383. nrd;lh; pNahy;fspd; mikg;G vJ?
tpl;lk; - 0.15 Kjy; 0.25 m
ePsk; - 0.3 Kjy; 0.7 m
384. rpW Foy; xd;wpd; tpl;lk; vJ?
200-260 Å
385. rpW Foy; mikg;G> ve;j %yf;$WfSld; Nrh;e;j mikg;ghFk;?
Gujk; bAGypd; (Tubuline) ypg;gpl;
386. gy tpyq;F nry;fspy; nrd;lh; pNahy;> vtw;wpd; Kf;fpag; Gs;spahFk;?
nrd;lN ; uhNrhkpd;
387. cl;fUit Kjypy; fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;?
1833 ,y; ,uhgh;l; gpuTd; (Robert Brown)
388. cl;fU glyk; cs;sJ vd;gij ntspg;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
x. n`h;l;tpf; (1893)

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389. rpy nry;fspy; fhZk; ,U cl;fU vitfs;?
1. ,ul;il cl;fU> 2. gy cl;fU
390. gy cl;fU nfhz;l tpyq;F nry;fs; vJ?
,izTr; nry; (v.fh.) vYk;G nry;
391. cl;fUtpd; FWf;F tpl;l msT vd;d?
3-25 m
392. N`g;sha;L nry;ypd; cl;fU> ve;j nry;ypd; cl;fUit fhl;bYk; rpwpJ?
bg;sha;L
393. cl;fU ciwapd; gUkd; vt;tsT?
5-10 nm
394. cl;fU cs;glyk;> ciwapdhy; jhq;fg;gl;lJ vJ?
cl;fU Nykpdh (Nuclear lamina)
395. cl;fUj;Jisfspd; tpl;lk; vJ?
10 nm Kjy; 100 nm
396. cl;fU glyj;jpd; gug;gstpy;> cl;fUj;Jisfs; vt;tsT tpOf;fhL
nfhz;lJ?
5 Kjy; 15
397. cl;fUtpy; epug;gg;gl;l njspthd> $o;kg; gFjp vJ?
cl;fUgpshrk;
398. cl;fU gpshrj;jpy; cs;sJ vJ?
FNuhNkl;bd; ,iofs;> cl;fUkzp
399. ePAf;spNah Gujk;> Gujq;fs;> nehjpfs; kw;Wk; jhJ cg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ
vJ?
cl;fU gpshrk;
400. cl;fU gpshrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; RUz;l ,iofs; Nghd;w mikg;G vJ?
FNuhNkl;bd; ,iofs;
401. FNuhNkl;bd; ,iofs; vtw;why; Mdit?
b Mf;]piuNgh epAf;spf; mkpyk; (DNA) kw;Wk; Gujk;
402. cl;fUtpDs; xd;W my;yJ gy cUz;ilahd ve;j mikg;G cs;sJ?
nfhyha;ly; ($o;k)
403. nfhyha;ly; mikg;G vit vdg;gLk;?
cl;fU kzpfs;
404. Ntjpapay; mikg;gpy;> cl;fUkzpapy; cs;sit vit?
cl;fUkzpia cUthf;Fk; DNA> ehd;F RNA tiffs;> 70 tif
iuNghNrhkpd; Gujk;> RNAit ,izf;Fk; Gujkhd epA+f;spNay]; kw;Wk;
RNA ntl;Lk; epa+f;spNah Gujk;
405. iuNghNrhk; cUthf;fj;jpy; cs;s vitfs; cl;fUkzpapd; %d;W gFjpfspy;
eilngWfpwJ?
njhlf;f epiy> tsh;rr ; p epiy> Kjph;r;rp epiy
406. jhtu nry;fspy;> FNuhNkhNrhik Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
fhh;y; ehf;yp (Karl Nagli) – 1842
407. nry; gphpjypd; NghJ FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; nray;fis tpsf;fpath; ahh;?
1873 ,y; V. nrdplh; (A. Schnider)
408. FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;if xNu ,dj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; caphpfspy;
khwhjpUf;Fk; vdf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
1887 ,y; ngd;ld; (Benden) kw;Wk; Nght;hp (Bovery)

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 ல.எண் புத்ேகத்ேின் பப஬ர் லிடய
1 GK 17,000 லினா லிடைகள் 300
2 GK1000 லினா-லிடைகள் 29
3 இ஬ர் புக் 2012 100
4 இ஬ர் புக் 2013 150
5 ே஫ிறக ல஭யாறு,இந்ேி஬ ல஭யாறு 180
6 புலி஬ி஬ல் 3000 லினா-லிடைகள் 110
7 இந்ேி஬ தேசி஬ இ஬க்கம்,இந்ேி஬ அ஭சி஬யட஫ப்பு,இந்ேி஬ பபாருராோ஭ம் 160
8 பபாதுத்ே஫ிழ் 120
9 பபாது அமிவு 130
10 CURRENT AFFAIRS ENGLISH MEDIUM 65
11 GK சக்சஸ் ஫ாே இேழ் 30
12 ே஫ிழ் அமிஞர்களும்,ே஫ிழ்த்போண்டும் 200
13 நைப்பு நிகழ்வுகள் 2013 சனலரி ப௃ேல் ஆகஸ்ட் லட஭ 100

ஆசிரி஬ர் ேகுேித்தேர்வு

ல.எண் புத்ேகம் பப஬ர் லிடய

1 TET II ே஫ிழ் (6 ஆம் லகுப்பு ப௃ேல் 12ஆம் லகுப்பு லட஭) லினா-லிடைகள் 300
2 TET ப௃ேல் ோள் (1056) பக்கம் 400
3 TET ே஫ிழ்,ஆங்கியம்,குறந்டே த஫ம்பாடு ஫ற்றும் கற்பித்ேல் ப௃டமகள் 150
4 TET II - கணிேம் (6ஆம் லகுப்பு ப௃ேல் 12ஆம் லகுப்பு லட஭) 420
5 TET II - அமிலி஬ல் (6ஆம் லகுப்பு ப௃ேல் 12ஆம் லகுப்பு லட஭) 600
6 TET II – ல஭யாறு (6ஆம் லகுப்பு ப௃ேல் 12ஆம் லகுப்பு லட஭) 400
7 TET-குடிட஫஬ி஬ல்,புலி஬ி஬ல்,பபாருராோ஭ம் 160
8 TET- SELF TEST PAPER ஫ாேிரி தேர்வு 65

ல.எண் புத்ேகத்ேின் பப஬ர் லிடய

1 ே஫ிழ்க்கரஞ்சி஬ம் 10,000 லினா-லிடைகள் 300
2 கல்லி஬ி஬ல் 4,500 லினா-லிடைகள் 150
3 TRB இ஬ற்பி஬ல் 2200 லினா-லிடைகள் 150
4 TRB ஆங்கியம் 4500 130
5 TRB ே஫ிறக ல஭யாறு,இந்ேி஬ ல஭யாறு 6100 லினா-லிடைகள் 180
6 இ஬ர் புக் 2014 150
7 TNPSC பபாதுத்ே஫ிழ் (“ஆ” இயக்கி஬ம், “இ” ே஫ிழ் அமிஞர்களும் ே஫ிழ்த்போண்டும்) 130

ல.எண் புத்ேகத்ேின் பப஬ர் லிடய

1 +2 கணிப்பபாமி஬ி஬ல் 60
2 +2 லணிகலி஬ல் 48
3 +2கணக்குப்பேிலி஬ல் 48
4 அயக்கண் கலிடே 70
5 தநாக்கால்-கலிடே 50
6 அ஭லாணிப்பூக்கள் 70

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409. gog;G+r;rpapy; cs;s ehd;F FNuhNkhNrhk;fspy; 2000 tiu kugZf;fs; cs;sd
vdf; fz;lwpe;jth; ahth;?
1922 ,y; b.vr;. khh;fd; (T.M. Morgon) kw;Wk; vr;. Ky;yh; (H.Muller)
410. FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; DNA ahy; MdJ vd fhz;gpj;jth; ahh;?
1924 ,y; ,uhgh;l; gpAy;n[d; (Robert Feulgen)
411. xU njhFjp FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ve;j njhFjpahFk;?
N`g;sha;L njhFjp (n)
412. clw; nry;fspy; ,uz;L njhFjp [PNdhk; cs;sJ vit?
bg;sha;L nry;
413. FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;if
FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd;
rhjhuzg;ngah; mwptpay; ngah;
vz;zpf;if
1. guNkrpak; g. MNuypah 30-40
2. i`l;uh i`. ty;Nfhp]; 32
3. tPl;L < k];fh nlhnk];bfh 12
4. gog;G+r;rp bNuhNrhgpy;yh 8
5. Gwh nfhyk;gh yptpah 80
6. nfhhpy;yh nfhhpy;yh nfhhpy;yh 48
7. kdpjd; N`hNkh Nrg;gpad; 46
414. FNuhNkhNrhkpd; mstpid ikl;lhrp]; nry; gphpjypd; eLepiy (Metaphase)apy;
mstpl;l NghJ mjd; msT vt;tsT?
0.25 m Kjy; 30 m
415. xt;nthU FNuhNkhNrhkpYk; mjd; ePsthf;fpy; fhzg;gLk; xU njspthd gFjp
vit?
nrd;lN; uhkpah; my;yJ ifdl;NlhNfhh;
416. FNuhNkhNrhkpd; ,uz;L gFjpapy;> xt;nthU gFjpAk; vitahFk;?
FNuhNkhNrhkpd; fuk;
417. nrd;l;Nuhkpah; mike;Js;s ,lj;jpidg; nghUj;Jk;> FNuhNkhNrhkpd; fuj;jpd;
mikg;gpidg; nghUj;Jk; FNuhNkhNrhk;fis vitfs; vdyhk;?
bNyhnrd;lh; pf;> mf;Nuhnrd;lh; pf;> rg;nkl;lh nrd;lh; pf; kw;Wk; nkl;lh nrd;lh; pf;
418. nry;fspd; mghpjkhd ngUFk; epiy vJ?
Gw;W Neha;
419. epzePh;fs; %yk; clypd; gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; gutp ve;j epiyia Vw;gLj;Jk;?
,uz;lhk; epiy Njf;fk; my;yJ nkl;lh];Nlrp]; epiy
420. Gw;WNehiag; gw;wpa mwptpay; gphpT vJ?
Md;fhy[p (Oncology) - ,J fpNuf;f thh;j;ij
421. mghpkpjkhdj; jpR tsh;rr ; p vit?
epNahgpshrk;
422. epNahgpshrj; jpR gutp NfL tpisg;gJ vJ?
Nkypf;ndd;l;
423. Gw;WNeha; kw;W Gw;Wnry;ypd; jd;ikia njspg;gLj;jpath; ahh;?
19 Mk; E}w;whz;by; n[h;kdpapd; Neha; ,ayhh;
424. vy;yh tifahd Gw;W Neha;fSk; fz;lwpag;gl;l fhyk; vJ?
20 Mk; E}w;whz;L
425. Gif Nghf;fpfis Rj;jk; nra;gth;fSf;F Gw;W Neha; tUtij fz;Lgpbj;J>
mjw;F fhuzk; fhpj;Jfs;fs; vdf; $wpath; ahh;?
1775 ,y;> ngh;rpty; ghl; (Percivell pott)

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426. Gw;WNeha; Vw;gLk; njhopw;rhh;G
1. epyf; fPy; vz;nza; (Shale) – Njhy; Gw;WNeha; - njhopyhsh;fSf;F
2. fjphpaf;f jhJ (Radio active ore)–EiuaPuy; Gw;WNeha; Ruq;f gzpahsh;fSf;F
; h neg;jyikd; (Beta-Napthalamine) – rpWePH ig Gw;WNeha; - ,ug;gh;
3. gPll
njhopw;rhiy gzpahsh;fSf;F
4. Gif nghUs; (Cigarettes) – EiuaPuy; Gw;WNeha;
427. Gw;W Neha;fF ; Kjypy; fhuzkhd itu]; vJ?
uh]; rhh;Nfhkh
428. rkPgj;jpy;> kdpjdpd; T – nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; YAf;Nfkpah vDk; Gw;W Neha;fF ;
fhuzkhd itu]; vJ?
HTLV – 1
429. ghuk;ghpakhf Vw;gLk;> fz;zpy; Njhd;Wk; Gw;Wfl;b vJ?
nul;bNdhgpsh];Nlhkh (Retinoblastoma)
Fwpg;G : ,J nkd;lypd; ghuk;ghpag;gb XH Xq;fpag; gz;ghFk;
430. tsh;rr ; papy; clypy; cs;s nry;fs; vitahf gphpjypd; %yk; gphpe;J
NtWghLfs; mile;J gy;NtW rpwg;Gr; nry;fshf khWk;?
ikl;lhbf; nry;
431. nry;ypy; cs;s kugZf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> epfo;Tfs; vit?
ikl;lhbf; nry; gphpjy;> tsh;rr ; p kw;Wk; khWghL miljy;
432. Gw;W Neha;fF ; f; fhuzkhtJ vJ?
xhpl cUthf;fk; (Monoclonal)
433. gy epfo;Tfshy; rhjhuz nry;> Gw;W nry;yhf khWtJ vJ?
Gw;W nry; cUthf;fk; (Carcinogenesis)
434. Gw;W nry; cUthf;fk; epfo;tpy; cs;s gphpjy; epiyapy; cs;s epiyfs;
vit?
1. Mf;fpukpj;jy; (Invarion) kw;Wk; 2. nkl;lh];lhrp]; (Metastasis)
435. nry; tsh;rr ; piaj; J}z;Lk; [PNdhkpd; gFjp vJ?
GNuhl;Nlh Mq;Nfh[Pd;fs;
436. DNA %yf;$W mikg;G jpBh; khw;wpj;jpdhy; GNuhl;Nlh Md;Nfh[Pd;fs;
vitahf khw;wg;gLk;?
Md;Nfh[Pd;fs;
437. kdpjhpy; Gw;Wf; fl;bia cUthf;Fk; Md;Nfh[Pd;fs;

Md;Nfh[Pd; Gw;WNeha; tif nray;ghl;L fhuzk;

1. `hf;]; 11 (Hox) ,uj;jg;Gw;WNeha; (Acute T-cell ,lkhw; wk;
Leuckemia)
2. vh;g; B – 2 (Erb) khh;gf kw;Wk; mz;lf Amplification
Gw;WNeha;
3. likf; (Myc) EiuaPuy; Gw;W Neha; Amplification
4. nul; (Ret) ijuha; L Gw; W Neha; DNA ,y; khw;wpmikj;jy;
438. rhjhuzr; nry;fspd; tsh;r;rpiaf; fz;fhzpg;gJk;> fl;Lg;gLj;JtJk;
(Suppresor) vJ?
kugZ
439. Gw;W nry;fspy; cs;s ve;j gFjpapy; kugZ nray;gLk; gFjp> nrayw;W
NghFk;?
[PNdhk;

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440.
kugZ Gw;WNehapd; tif
APC Nfhyd; gFjp/kyf;Fly; Gw;WNeha;
BRCA 1 khh;gf/mz;lf Gw;W Neha;
INK 4 Njhy; epwkp nry; Gw;WNeha;> EiuaPuy;
Gw;WNeha; %isf;fl;b> ,uj;jg; Gw;WNeha;> epzePh;
Rug;gp Gw;WNeha;
Rb nul;bNdh gpsh];Nlhkh
PTEN %isf;fl;b> rpWePufk; kw;Wk; EiuaPuy;
Gw;WNeha;
441. Gw;W nry;fspd; ngUFk; epiy> Mf;fpukpg;Gj; jd;ik kw;Wk; nkl;lh];Nlrp];
jpwd; mjpfhpg;gJ vjdhy;?
gy kugZ tpisT
442. Gw;W Nehapd; tiffs;
1. rhh;Nfhkh (Sarcoma)
(v.fh) M];bNahrhh;Nfhkh (vYk;G) – mikg;G jpRf;fspy; Vw;gLk;
fl;bfs;
2. fhh;rpNdhkh (Carcinoma)
(v.fh) EiuaPuy; fhh;rpNdhkh>
khh;gf fhh;rpNdhkh - vg;gpjpyp jpRf;fspy; Gw;WNeha;
3. ypk;Nghkh (Lymphoma) - epzePHj; jpRf;fspy;
4. YAf;Nfkpah (Leukemia) - ,uj;j nts;is mZf;fspy;
443. Gw;W Neha;ff ; hd fhuzq;fs; vit?
Gifapiy> x-fjph;fs;> njhlh; cWj;jy;fs;> kUj;Jth; MNyhridapd;wp kUe;J
cl;nfhs;Sjy;.
444. Gw;W Neha;f; fl;Lg;ghL Kiw vitfs;?
nry; Ntjpapay; nry; kugpay; kw;Wk; ];Nfdpq;> x-fjph;fs; ghpNrhjid Kiw
445. Gw;WNehapd; rpfpr;ir> ghpNrhjidf;F gpd; vt;thW mikAk;?
mWit rpfpr;ir> kUe;J rpfpr;ir> fjph; tPr;R rpfpr;ir kw;Wk; `hh;Nkhd;fs;
rpfpr;ir
446. Gw;WNeha; rpfpr;irf;F Gjpa topfs; Njhd;w fhuzkhd> x-fjph;fis Kjypy;
fz;lwpe;jth; ahh;?
1895 ,y;> Nuhd;l[ ; d; (Roentgen)
447. fjph;tPr;R fz;Lgpbj;jth; ahh;?
1899 ,y; fpAhp (Curries)
448. jpRf;fisj; Jisj;Jr; nry;Yk; jd;ikAilait vitfs;?
x-fjph;fs;> fhkhf; fjph;fs;> fjph;tPr;R
449. Gw;WNeha;fF ; > #o;epiy fhuzk; vj;jid rjtPjk;?
70 Kjy; 80
450. Gw;WNeha;fF ; j; jPHT vit?
Muk;g epiy fz;lwpjy;> rhpahd jtph;g;G Kiwf; fy;tp

kdpj cs;SWg;gikg;gpay;

451. tpyq;Ffs;> jhtuq;fs; clYf;F cs;shfpf; fhzg;gLk; cWg;giktpid

mwpAk; gphpT vJ?
cs;SWg;gikg;gpay; (Anatomy)
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452. fp.K. 2500,y; kdpjdpd; cliyg; gw;wp ed;F mwpe;jth;fs; ahth;?
vfpg;jpah;fs;
453. fp.K. 500 – 491 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpy; fhl;luhf;l; (Cataract) fz; mWitr;
rpfpr;ir nra;jth; ahh;?
R];Ujh
454. mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wp fp.gp. Kjy; E}w;whz;by; E}y; ntspapl;lth;
ahh;?
nry;r]; vDk; Nuhk kUj;Jth;
455. cs;SWg;gikg;gpay; gw;wp Jy;ypakhf vOjp Gj;jfk; ntspapl;lth; ahh;?
md;bhpa]; ntrhypa]; - fp.gp. 1543
456. ,jak;> ,uj;jf; Foha; nray;ghl;il tpsf;fpath; ahh;?
1628 ,y; tpy;ypak; `hh;tp
457. Anatomy gw;wpa rpwe;j E}y; vJ> vOjpath; ahh;?
n`d;wp fpNu> E}y; - Descriptive and Surgical
Fwpg;G : ,e;E}y; Kjy; gjpg;G Mf];l; 1858 ,y; ntspahdJ. 38 tJ gjpg;G
2005 ,y; ntspahdJ
458. n`d;wp fpNu vq;F gpwe;jhh;?
,q;fpyhe;jpy;> tpd;l;rh; vDk; ,lj;jpy; 1827
Fwpg;G : ,th; 1861 tiu tho;e;jhh;
459. gy jug;gl;l gzpfisr; nra;tjhy; Njhy; vit vdg;gLk;?
gy;njhopy; tpw;gd;dh;
460. Nky; Njhy; ve;j nry; gug;gpd; kPJ mike;Js;sJ?
i`g;Nghnlh;kp]; (fPo; nlh;kp];)
461. Njhypy; cs;s ,U Kf;fpa jpRf;fs; vit?
nlh;kp];> vgpnlh;kp]; (Nky; nlh;kp];)
462. nlh;kp]; gFjp> nfhz;l ,uz;L mLf;Ffs; vit?
1. ghg;gpy;yhp mLf;F (Papillary layer)
2. fPo;g;Gw nul;bFyhh; mLf;F (Reticular layer)
463. nlh;kp]pd; Kf;fpa gFjp vJ?
nul;bFyhh; mLf;F. ,J fPo;nlh;kpRld; njhlh;G nfhz;Ls;sJ.
464. Nky;nlh;kprpd; nry;fs;> jahhpf;Fk; Gujg;nghUs; vJ?
nfuhl;bd; (Keratin)
465. nfuhl;bNdhirl;Lfs; vdg;gLtJ vJ?
Nky;nlh;kprpd; nry;
466. vgpnlh;kprpd; mbg;Gwr;nry;fs;> vit gphpjyhy; Gjpa nry;fis cz;lhf;Fk;?
ikl;lhrp]; nry;
467. ntspr;nry;fspy; nfuhl;bd; epuk;GtJ vJ?
nfuhl;bdhf;fk;
468. Nky; nlh;kpRtpd; Ie;J mLf;Ffs; vit?
fPo;mLf;F> ];igNdhrk; mLf;F> fpuhDNyhrk; mLf;F> Y}rplk; mLf;F>
fhh;dpak; mLf;F
469. jl;ilahd nry;fs; vit?
fbd nry;fs;
470. ,uz;lLf;Fr; nry;fs; kl;LNk ,Ug;gJ vjpy;?
fpuhDNyhrk;
471. fhh;dpak; mLf;F> gy mLf;Fr; nry;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vJ?

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 Njhy;j; jbg;G
472. #hpad; ve;j fjph;fspypUe;J cliyg; ghJfhf;Fk;?
uv
473. uv fjph;fs; cUthf;FtJ vJ?
nkyNdhirl;
474. ,we;j nfuhl;bdhd nry;fshy; MdJ vJ?
Nuhkk;
475. Nuhkj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfs; vit?
nkLy;yh> fhh;nlf;];> fpA+l;bf;fps;
476. Nuhkj;jpd; epwk; ve;j tif rhh;e;jJ?
nkydpd; msT
477. Nuhkj;Jld; ,ize;Js;s jirr;nry; vJ?
muf;lhh; igiy (Arrector pili) (Nuhkk; rpyph;g;gjw;F ,it jhd; fhuzk;)
478. nlh;kprpy; cs;s vz;nza;r; Rug;gp> Ruf;Fk; vz;nza;g; nghUs; vJ?
rPgk; (Sebum)
479. Njhypy; cs;s Rug;gpfs; vit?
tpah;it kw;Wk; vz;nza;
480. khWghlile;j tpah;it Rug;gp vJ?
ghy; Rug;gp
481. efj;jpd; ,uz;L gFjpfs; vit?
efNth; kw;Wk; cly; gFjp
482. ekJ clypd; mfr;rl;lfj;jpy; cs;sJ vitfs;?
vYk;G> FUj;njYk;G> ypf nkz;L
Fwpg;G : ,J cly; viliaj; jhq;Fk;
483. vYk;Gfspy; rpwpait vit?
kzpf;fl;L (Carpals)> Fjpq;fhy; (Tarsals) vYk;Gfs;
484. jl;il vYk;Gfs; vit?
kz;ilNahl;L vYk;G> tpyh> khh;ngYk;G> Njhs;gl;il vYk;Gfs;
485. vYk;Gfspy; xOq;fw;w tbtKilait vit?
Ks;nsYk;G> Kfj;njYk;G
486. vYk;G ve;j ciwahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ?
nghpah];bak; (Periosteum)
487. tsUk; ePs vYk;gpd; %d;W gFjpfspy;> ePz;l gFjp vJ?
ilaigrp]; (m) vYk;Gj; jz;L
488. vYk;Gj; jz;bd; KbTg;gFjpapy; cs;s nkd;ikahd gFjp vJ?
vgpigrp];
489. vgpigrp];> ilahigrp]; ,ilapy; cs;sJ vJ?
`aypd; FUj;njYk;gpdhy; Md tsh;r;rpj;jl;L
490. vYk;Gj; jz;bd; ikagFjpapy; cs;sJ vJ?
nkLy;yhp FopT
491. nfhOg;G kpFe;j mbNgh]; jpRtpdhy; MdJ vJ?
kQ;rs; k[;i[
492. nkLy;yhp Foptpd; cl;Gwk; cs;sJ vit?
vd;lh];bak; my;yJ vYk;G cl;glyk;
493. vYk;gpd; ,uz;L tiffs; vit?
1. mr;Rr; rl;lfk; 2. ,izaWg;Gr; rl;lfk;

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494. kdpjdpd; clypy; cs;s 206 vYk;Gfs; vt;thW mike;Js;sd?
mr;Rf; rl;lfk; - 80 vYk;Gfs;
,izAWg;Gr; rl;lfk; - 126 vYk;Gfs;
495. kdpjh;fspd; kz;ilNahl;bd; nfhs;ssT vd;d?
1500 fd nr.kP
496. kz;ilNahl;Lld; ,ize;Js;s rpwg;ngYk;G vJ?
khd;bgps; (m) fPo;j;jhilnaYk;G
497. nghUj;Jjy;fs; ve;j tifiar; rhh;e;jJ?
mirah %l;L
498. kz;ilNahl;bd; gpd;Gwk; cs;s nghpa vYk;Gfs; vit?
RtnuYk;G (Parietal)> gpluUF (Occipital)
499. fd;dntYk;gpYs;s nghpa JisahdJ vit vdg;gLk;?
ntspf;fhJj;Jis
500. jiyapd; gf;fthl;by; fd;dntYk;Gfs; Kd;Gwj;jpy; ,ize;Js;sJ vJ?
Mg;GUntYk;Gfs; (Sphenoid bones)
501. Mg;GUntYk;gpy; nghUe;jpAs;sJ vJ?
Kd; fd;d tisnaYk;G (m) irNfhkhl;bf; vYk;G (Zygomatic bone)
502. Nky;jhil vYk;G vJ?
khf;rpy;yh
503. fPo;j;jhil vYk;G vJ?
khd;bapy; (Mandible)
504. Kfj;;jpd; Kd;Gwkhfj; njd;gLk; Kf;fpa vYk;Gfs; vit?
EjnyYk;G (Frontal)> fd;d tisnaYk;G (Zygomatic)> Nky;jhil>
fPo;j;jhil
505. kz;ilNahl;bd; mbg;Gwj;jpy; kz;ilNahl;Lg; ngUe;Jis topahf Njhd;wpaJ
vJ?
%isapd; KFsj;jpypUe;J jz;Ltlk;
506. XH Ks;nsYk;gpd; Kf;fpa vil jhq;Fk; gFjp vJ?
nrd;buk; (Centrum) vDk; ikag;gFjp
507. Ks;nsYk;G ml;y]; my;yJ mr;nrYk;G vdg;gLtJ vJ?
Kjy; fOj;J
508. khh;ngYk;Gld; ,ize;j 12 ,iz tpyh vYk;Gfspy; 8>9>10 tJ tpyh
vYk;Gfs; ,ize;J 7tJ tpyh vYk;Gld; nghUe;JtJ vJ?
ngha; tpyh vYk;Gfs;
509. khh;ngYk;Gld; ,izahj 11>12 tJ ,iz tpyh vYk;Gfs; vit?
kpjf;Fk; tpyh vYk;Gfs;
510. ePz;l fhiu vYk;G ve;j tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;?
“S”
511. rhf;uk; vDk; jpUntYk;ghYk; Xhpiz fhf;Nr vDk; ,Lg;ngYk;Gfshy; MdJ
vJ?
,Lg;ngYk;G tisak;
512. ,Lg;ngYk;gpd;> %d;W vYk;Gfspd; ,izTfs; vit?
1. ,ypak; my;yJ ftL vYk;G 2. ,];fpak; my;yJ ,Lg;gpizg;ngYk;G
3. gpa+gp]; my;yJ G+g;ngYk;G
513. ,Lk;ngYk;G tisaj;jpy; cs;s vJ fhy;fs; ,iza cjTk;?
fpz;zf;Fop (Acetabulum)

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514. Nkw;if gFjpapDs; cs;s Nkw;ifnaYk;G vJ?
`pa+ku]; (Humerus)
515. Nkw;ifapw;Fk;> kzpf;fl;Lg; gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapYs;sJ vit?
Kd;ifnaYk;G (Ulna)> MunaYk;G (Radius)
516. kzpf;fl;L vYk;Gfs; vit vdg;gLk;?
ypfnkd;l;
517. njhilapy; cs;s jdpj;j ePz;l vYk;G vJ?
njhil vYk;G (m) /gPkh; (Femur)
518. njhil vYk;gpd; fPo;g;gFjpapy; nghUe;jpAs;sJ vJ?
jl;ilahd Koq;fhy; rpy;Y (Patella)
519. ntspnaYk;GfSld; fZf;fhy; vYk;Gfs; ve;j gFjpahy; ,ize;;Js;sJ?
lhy]; (Talus)
520. %l;L tiffs; vit?
ehhpizg;G> FUj;njYk;G> vYk;G %l;Lfs;
521. jirj; jpRtpd; %d;W tiffs; vit?
1. vYk;Gj; jirfs; (m) thpAilj; jirfs;
2. cs; cWg;Gj; jirfs; (m) thpaw;w jirfs;
3. ,jaj; jirfs;
522. vYk;Gj; jirfs; ve;j ,izg;Gj; jpRthy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ?
jirg;glyk; (Facia)
523. 10 kp.kP FWf;fsT cs;s jirehz; vt;tsT viliaj; jhq;Fk;?
600-1000 fpNyh
524. jirr; rt;tpy;> cs;s Mokhd rt;T ve;j ,iofshy; MdJ?
nfhyh[d;
525. jirfspd; ,uz;Ltiffs; vit?
1. ,izj; jirfs; 2. rha;Tj; jirfs;
526. jirfspd; ngah;fs;
tbtk; msT
1. nly;lhapL (m) Kf;Nfhzj;jir Nk[h; (m) ngUe;jir
2. FthbNul;l]; (m) ehw;Nfhzj;jir ikdh; (m) rpW jir
3. fpNurpyp]; (m) nkype;j jir yhq;f]; (m) ePs; jir
yhl;b];k]; (m) mfd;w jir

527.

jir Kidfs; ,lk;

1. ignrg;]; (m) ,Ujiyj;jir lhh;ir – KJFg;Gwj;jir
2. biunrg;]; (m) Kj;jiyj;jir ngf;nlhuhyp]; - khh;Gj; jir
3. Fthl;hpnrg;]; (m) ehd;Fjiyj; jir gpuhf;fpia – ifj;jir> Kd;
jir> gpd; jir

528.
gug;G epiy ,af;fk;
1. #g;gh; gp]pahyp]; - Nky; gug;Gj;jir vf;];nld;rhh; - ePl;rpj;jir
2. ,d;lh;d]; - cl;gug;Gj;jir g;nsQ;rhh; - klf;Fj;jir
3. GNuhgd;l]; ; - Moj;jir fd;];bhpf;lh; - RUf;Fj;jir

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529. jiyg;Gwj; jirfspd; ,U tiffs; vit?
1. kz;ilNahL – Kfj;jirfs;> 2. nky;Yk; jirfs;
530. kz;ilNahL Kfj;jirfs; vit vdg;gLk;?
Kfghtidj; jirfs;
531. cjl;bd; Kj;jkpLk; mirtpw;F fhuzkhd jirfs; vit?
Mh;gpFyhhp]; Mhp]; (Orbicularis oris)> gf;rpNdl;lh; jirfs; (Buccinator
muscles)
532. rphpj;j Kf mikg;G Vw;gLj;Jk; jirfs; vit?
i]Nfhkh];bf]; Nk[h; - ikdh;> ypNtl;lh; Mq;Fyp Xhp]; kw;Wk; hpNrhhpa];
(Zygomasticus major and minor, Levtor anguli oris and Risorius)
533. czT Ritf;Fk; jirfs; vit?
khnrl;lH nlk;nghuhyp]; (Masseter temporalis)> nlhpfhapL (Pterygoid)
534. fOj;Jg; gFjpapd; mirTfs; vtw;why; Vw;gLfpd;wd?
nrh;itf;fy; (Cervical)> Nky;`aha;L (Suprahyoid)> fPo;`aha;L (Infrahyoid)
kw;Wk; KJF Ks;nsYk;Gj; jirfs;
535. cly; gFjpj; jirfspy; cs;s Kf;fpaj; jirfs; vit?
vnuf;lhh; ];igNd (Erector spinae)> yhq;fp];k]; (Longissimus) kw;Wk;
];igdhyp]; (Spinalis)
536. cl;Rthrk; ve;j ntsp tpyh vYk;gpilj; jirfshy; epfOk;?
];fyPd;
537. cs;tpyh vYk;gpilj; jirfs;> njhuhrp]; (Thoracis) jirfs; vit?
ntspr;Rthrj; jirfs;
538. ngy;tpf; fPo; cs;s gFjp vJ?
nghpdpak; (Perineum)
539. bug;gPrpa]; (Trapezius)> nghpa> rpwpa Nuhk;ghapLfs; (Rhomboid major and
minor)> ypNtl;lh; ];Nfg;GNy (Levator scapulae)> yhl;b];k]; lhh;ir
(Lattissimus dorsi) Nghd;wit vitfs;?
Nkw;ifj; jirfs;> khh;ngYk;G tisaj;JlDk; KJnfYk;Gj; njhlUlDk;
nghpa jirfshy; ,izf;fg;gl;lit
540. jl;ilahd nghpa> Kf;Nfhz tbtj; jir vJ?
yhl;b];k]; lhh;ir
541. tpyh vYk;Gfis> Njhs; gl;ilnaYk;Gld; ,izg;git vit?
Nky; nrh;Nul;l]; (Serratus anterior)> ngf;Nlhuhyp]; Nk[h; (Pec-toralis major)
jirfs;
542. Nkw;ifapy; cs;s jirfs; vit?
Nfhuf;Nfhgpuhf;fpahyp]; (Coracobracialis) ,Ujiyj; jir> Kj;jiyj; jir>
gpuhf;fpahyp]; (Brachialis)
543. Nfhuf;Nfhgpuhf;fpahyp]; jirfs; Njhspd; ve;j vYk;Gfspy; Njhd;Wk;?
Nfhuf;fhg;gpL
544. fhy; jirapd;> Nky; jirfs; ve;j jirfshFk;?
,ypahf;f]; (Iliacus) kw;Wk; Nrhth]; Nk[h; (Psoas major)
545. fhypd;> gpd; Gl;lg;gFjp (Buttocks) ve;j jirahy; MdJ?
FSl;ba]; khf;rpk];
546. fhy; mirTfs;> Nky; njhilj; jirfshfpa vtw;why; Vw;gLk;?

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 Fthbhpnrg;]; /gpNkhhp]; (Quadriceps femoris) kw;Wk; rhh;l;Nlhhpa];
(Sartorius)
547. kdpjdpd; czT+l;lk; ve;j tifiar; rhh;e;jJ?
N`hNyhNrhapf;
548. Ntjpa epfo;rr; pahy; nghpa czT %yf;$W> rpwpa %yf;$whFk; epfo;rr ; p ve;j
nehjpfshy; epfOk;?
vd;irk;fs;
549. fd;dj;jpd; Rthpy; <uj;jd;ikaila mLf;F vJ cs;sJ?
];Fthk]; vgpj;jPypak;
550. ehf;fpd; mbg;Gwj;ijAk;> cs;tha;j; jiug; gFjpia ,izg;gJ vJ?
gphpDyk; (Frenulum)
551. ehtpid ,U gFjpahf gphpg;gJ vJ?
nlh;kpdy; ry;f]; vDk; ikag; gs;sk;
552. gw;fspd; ehd;F tiffs; vitahFk;?
gy;yikT
553. gy; #j;jpuk; vJ?
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
nt.g 𝟐
; Nfh.g 𝟏
; K.f.g 𝟐
; gp.f.g 𝟑
 2
(or)
2123
2123
554. gy;ypy; cs;s %d;W gFjpfs; vit?
Nkw;Gw gw;fphPlk;> fOj;J> Nth;g;gFjp
555. gy;ypd; ngUk;gFjp ve;j nghUshy; MdJ?
nld;ild;
556. Nky;Gwj;jpy;> gw;fis #o;e;Js;s fbd gFjp vJ?
vdhky;
557. gy; GijAz;l ,lq;fspy; nld;ildhdJ> ve;j nghUshy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ?
rpnkd;lk;
558. gy;ypd; cl;Gwkhf cs;s gw;$o;f; FopT vDk; FopTg; gFjp vJ?
gy;ypd; Nth;f; fhy;tha;
559. ckpo; epHr; Rug;gpfspy; cs;s %d;W nghpa ,izfs; vit?
1. Nky; mz;zr; Rug;gpfs;> 2. fPo;j;jhilr; Rug;gpfs;> 3. ehtbr; Rug;gpfs;
560. thapy; cs;s gy> rpwpa RUs; tbt Rug;gpfs; vit?
Nky;ehf;Fr; Rug;gp> mz;zr; Rug;gp> cs;tha; Rug;gp> cjl;Lr; Rug;gp
561. czTf;Foy; ePsk; vd;d?
25 nr.kP
562. %r;Rf; Foypd; gpd;dhy; khh;giwapy; cs;s gFjp vJ?
kPbah];bdk;
563. ,iug;igapd; ,uz;L gFjpfs; vit?
,jag;gFjp> igNyhhpf; gFjp
564. ,iug;igapd; ,lJGwj;jpy; cs;s gFjp vJ?
/gd;l]; (Fundus)
565. ,iug;igapd; ngUk; gFjp> FWfp khWk; gFjp vJ?
igNyhhpf;
566. igNyhhpf; gFjpf;Fk;> Flw;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s Jthuk; ve;j RUf;Fj;
jirfshy; MdJ?
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 igNyhhpf;
567. rpWFlypd;> %d;W gFjpfs; vit?
1. Kd;rpWFly;> 2. [p.[Pdk; (Jejunum)> 3. gpd;rpW Fly; (Ileum)
568. rpWFly; gFjp ePsk; vd;d?
6 kPl;lh;
569. Kd;rpW Flyhd> bNahbdk; ePsk; vJ?
25 nr.kPl;lh;
570. bNahbdk;> tapw;wiwapDs; vt;tsT tisthfTs;sJ?
1800
571. [p[Pdk;> ,ypak; vt;tsT ePsKilaJ?
2.5 kPl;lh;> 3.5 kPl;lh;
572. rpWFly;> ngUq;Fly; ,izAk; ,lk; vit vdg;gLk;?
,ypNah – rPf;fy; re;jpg;G
573. ,ypNah – rPf;fy; gFjpapy;> gy nky;ypa tisaj; jirfs; vit vdg;gLk;?
,ypNah – Nfhypf; thy;T
574. fy;;yPuy; vil vt;tsT?
1.36 fp.fpuhk;
575. fy;yPuypy; cs;s ,U rpwpa fJg;Gfs; vit?
fhNll;> FthbNul;
576. fy;yPuypd; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s gpj;j ePh;g; igapd; msT vd;d?
ePsk; 8 nr.kP> mfyk; 4 nr.kP
577. ehskpy;yh Rug;gpg; gFjpapy; cs;sJ vJ?
fizaj; jpl;Lfs;
578. ,d;Rypd;> FSf;fhd; Nghd;w `hh;Nkhd;fisr; Rug;gJ vJ?
fizaj; jpl;Lfs;
579. ehsKs;s Rug;Gg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,ilntsp vJ?
Vird];
580. ngUq;Fly;> rpWFly;fs; ,izAk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ vJ?
rPf;fk;
581. rPf;fk; ePsk; vd;d?
6 nr.kPl;lh;
582. rPf;fKld; ,ize;Js;s Fly; thy; ePsk; vJ?
9 nr.kPl;lh;
583. ngUq;Fly; ePsk; vd;d?
1.5 – 1.8 kPl;lh;
584. ngUq;Flypy; cs;s %d;W gFjpfs; vit?
VWFly;> fpilf;Fly;> ,wq;F Fly;
585. ngUq;Flypd; %d;W gFjpfis mLj;J cs;s gFjp vJ?
rpf;khapL ngUq;Fly;
586. Rth; jirfshy; MdJ vJ?
kyf;Fly;
587. kyf;fhy;tha; ePsk; vd;d?
2 nr.kPl;lh;
588. Rthr cWg;Gfs; ahit?
ehrpaiw> njhz;il> Fuy;tis> %r;Rf;Foy;> fpisf;Foy;> EiuaPuy;fs;
Nghd;w cWg;Gfs;

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589. Nky; Rthrg; ghij cWg;Gfs; vit?
ehrpg;gs;sk;> njhz;il
590. njhz;ilapy; cs;s %d;W gFjpfs; vit?
ehrpg; gFjpj; njhz;il> cs;tha;j; njhz;il> Fuy;tisj;njhz;il
591. njhz;ilapd; cl;Rthpy; mike;Js;sJ vJ?
FWapio J}z; vgpjPypaq;fs;
592. njhz;ilapd; cl;Rtw;wpy; ve;j mikg;G cs;sJ?
lhd;rpy; vDk; mbdhapL
593. cs;tha; jpwf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mUfpy; cs;sit vit?
,U ,iz Nky; mz;z lhd;rpy; tsh;r;rpfSk;> ehtb lhd;rpy; tsh;r;rpfSk;
cs;sd
594. njhz;ilg;gFjp kw;Wk; cs;thapid mLj;Js;sJ vJ?
yhhpq;]; (Larynx)
595. yhhpq;]; Rw;wpYk; cs;s 3 ,izapy;yh> 6 ,izf; FUj;njYk;Gfs; vtw;why;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd?
jirfs;> ypfnkd;Lfs;
596. ,izapy;yhf; FUj;njYk;Gfs; vit?
ijuhapL> fphpf;fhapL> vgpfpshl;b];
597. nghpa FUj;njYk;G ijuhapL vJ?
fOj;Jr; rq;F
598. yhhpq;rpd; mbj;jsk; vJ?
fphpf;fhapL FUj;njYk;G
599. ijuhapL FUj;njYk;gpd; kPJ mike;jJ vJ?
vgpfpshl;b];
600. Fuy; tisapDs;> cs;s Fuy; xyp ehz; vJ?
ypfnkd;Lfs;
601. Fuy; xyp ehz;fSf;F> ,ilapy; cs;s Jis vJ?
fpshl;b];
602. %r;Rf; Foy;> Rthpy; tYT+l;l mike;jit vit?
15-20 ‘c’ tbt FUj;njYk;G tisaq;fs;
603. %r;Rf; Foypd; cl;Rtw;wpy; cs;sJ vJ?
XH Nfhiog; glyk;
604. Nfhiog; glyj;jpy; cs;s jpRf;fs; vJ?
FWapio J}z; vgpjPypak;
605. %r;Rf; Foy; ePsk; vJ?
10-12 nr.kPl;lh;
606. %r;Rf; Foy; cs;tpl;lk; vd;d?
12 kp.kPl;lh;
607. ,U rpwpa Kjy; epiy %r;Rf; fpisf;Foy;fshfg; gphpAk; ,lj;jpy; cs;s
FUj;njYk;G vJ?
fhhpdh (Carina)
608. EiuaPuy; tbtk; vJ?
$k;G
609. tyJ EiuaPuy; vil vd;d?
620 fpuhk;
610. ,lJ EiuaPuy; vil vd;d?

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 560 fpuhk;
611. tyJ> ,lJ EiuaPuypy; vj;jid fJg;Gfs; cs;sd?
tyJ - %d;W> ,lJ - ,uz;L
612. EiuaPuy;fisr; Rw;wpYk; cs;sJ vJ?
gpspA+uh glyk;
613. gpspA+uh glyj;jpw;Fk;> EiuaPuYf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;sJ vJ?
gpspa+uy; jputk;
614. EiuaPuy;fSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s gFjp vJ?
kPbah];bdk;
615. kPbah];bdj;jpy; cs;sit vit?
,jak;> %r;Rf;Foy;> czTf;Foy;
616. Kjy;epiy %r;Rf;fpisf; Foy;> ,uj;jf; Foha;fs;> euk;Gfs;> epzePH ehsq;fs;
EiuaPuy;fspd; cs; xuj;jpy; XH Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapd; topahf EiotJ vJ?
i`yk;
617. i`yk; gFjpapy; EioAk; midj;J mikg;Gfs; vit?
EiuaPuy; Nth;
618. Ez;Foy;fs; tpl;lk; msT vd;d?
1 kp.kPl;lh;
619. rpw;wiwfspd; Rth; jbg;G> msT vJ?
0.05 ikf;uhd;fs;
620. kdpjdpd; EiuaPuypy; vj;jid rpw;wiwfs; cs;sJ?
300 kpy;ypad;
621. 300 kpy;ypad; rpw;wiwfspd; nkhj;jg; gug;gsT vt;tsT?
143 rJu kPl;lh;fs;
622. khh;giwapy; nfhs;ssT khWghLfis Vw;gLj;Jk; cl;Rthr> ntspr;Rthr
jirfs; vit?
cjtpjhdk;> tpyh vYk;gpilj; jirfs;> khh;Gj; jirfs;> ];NfyPd;
623. kdpjhpy; gpw ghY}l;bfisg; Nghd;W cs;s mikg;G Kiw vJ?
,ul;ilr; Rw;W
624. ,jaj;jhy; ,uj;jk; clypd; gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; nrd;W jpUk;GtJ vJ?
rp];lkpf; (m) cly; ,uj;j Xl;lk;
625. ,jaj;jpypUe;J> EiuaPuYf;F ,uj;jk; nrd;W kPStJ vd;d?
EiuaPuy; ,uj;j Xl;lk;
626. ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpa gFjp vJ?
,jak;
627. Mf;]p[d; ngw;w ,uj;jj;jpid EiuaPuy;fspypUe;J ,lJ Vl;hpaj;jpw;F
vLj;Jr; nry;tJ vJ?
EiuaPuy; jkdp
628. jkdpfs; gyKiwf; fpisj;J> Njhd;Wk; Ez; jkdpfs; vj;jid?
4  106
629. ,jaj;jpy; cs;sit vit?
ehd;F miwfs;> thy;Tfs;
630. ehd;F miwfs; vit?
tyJ Vl;hpak;> ,lJ Vl;hpak;> tyJ ntd;bhpf;fps;> ,lJ ntd;bhpf;fps;
631. Ez;rpiufs; ,ize;J Njhd;WtJ vJ?
rpiufs;

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632. ,lJ ntd;bhpf;fpspypUe;J cly; KOtJk; Rw;wptpl;L> gpd; ,uj;jk; kPz;Lk;
tyJ Vl;hpaj;ij miltJ vJ?
rp];lkpf; (m) cly; ,uj;j Xl;lk;
633. tyJ ntd;bhpf;fpspypUe;J EiuaPuy; topahf ,uj;jk; kPz;Lk; ,lJ
ntd;bhpf;fpis nrd;wiltJ vJ?
EiuaPuy; ,uj;j Xl;lk;
634. fy;yPuy; rpiu> fPo;g;ngUQ;rpiuAld; Nrh;e;J tyJ Vl;hpaj;ijr; nrd;wiltJ
vJ?
Nghh;l;ly; ,uj;j Xl;lk;
635. ,jaj;jpypUe;J ,uj;jj;ij ntspNaw;Wk; Foha;fs; vit?
jkdpfs;
636. ,jaj;jpw;F ,uj;jj;ij kPz;Lk; nfhz;L tUtJ vJ?
rpiufs;
637. jkdpfs;> gzpapd; mbg;gilapy; cs;s tiffs; ahit?
1. jkdpfis flj;Jk; Foha;fs;> 2. gutr; nra;Ak; Foha;fs;
3. jil Vw;gLj;Jk; Foha;fs;> 4. nfhLf;fy; - thq;fy; Foha;fs;
5. ,uj;jj; Njf;fpf; Foha;fs;
638. jilNaw;gLj;Jk; Foha;fs; vit?
Mh;l;bNahy;fs; (m) Ez; jkdpfs;
639. ,uj;jf; Fohapy; cs;s Rth;g; gFjp> ve;j> njspthd %d;W mLf;Ffis
cilaJ?
ba+dpf; (Tunic)
640. ba+dpf;fpd; %d;W mLf;Ffs; vit?
1. ba+dpf;fh ,d;bkh (m) cs; mLf;F
2. ba+dpf;fh kPbah (m) ,ilaLf;F
3. ba+dpf;fh vf;];lh;dh (m) ntspaLf;F
641. cs;mLf;F vtw;why; MdJ?
vd;NlhjPypak;> nky;ypa ,izg;Gj;jpR> kPs;jd;ik ehh;fs;
642. eLtLf;fpy; cs;sJ vit?
nky;ypa jirr; nry;fs;
643. ,uj;jf; Fohapd; tiffs; vit?
nghpa kPs; jd;ikj; jkdpfs;> jirr; Rth; jkdpfs;> Ez; jkdpfs;>
je;Jfpfs;> Ez; rpiufs;> rpiufs;
644. nghpa kPs; jd;ikj; jkdpfs;> Rth; msT vJ?
1 ikf;uhd;
645. jirr; Rth; jkdpfspy; cs;sJ vit?
30-40 mLf;Ffs;> nkd;ikahd jirfs;
646. jirr; Rth; jkdpfs;> ,uj;j Xl;lj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhy; vit vdg;gLk;?
,uj;jk; gug;Gk; jkdpfs;
647. ,uj;jk; gug;Gk; jkdpfspd; tpl;lk; vt;tsT?
30-40 ikf;uhd;fs;
648. jkdpfspypUe;J ,uj;jj;ij> je;JfpfSf;Ff; flj;JtJ vJ?
Ez; jkdpfs; (m) Mh;l;bhpNahy;fs;
649. je;Jfpfs; msT vd;d?
5-8 ikf;uhd;fs;

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650. jl;ilahd> ePs;Kl;il my;yJ gy Nfhz vd;NlhjPypay; nry;fshyhd
Foha;fs; vJ?
Ez; rpiufs;
651. Ez; rpiufspd; FWf;fsT vt;tsT?
30 ikf;uhd;fs;
652. ,uj;jj;ij ,jaj;jpw;Ff; flj;JtJ vJ?
nghpa rpiufs;
653. 2 kp.kPl;lh; FWf;fstpw;F Nkw;gl;l rpiufspDs;> cs;sJ vJ?
thy;Tfs;
654. thy;Tfspd; tbtk; vJ?
gpiwr; re;jpud;
655. ,jaj;ij Nehf;fp ,uj;jk; nry;tij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ vJ?
thy;Tfs;
656. jkdp ,uz;lhfg; gphpe;J KbtilAk; fpisfs; vJ?
KbTf; fpisfs;
657. jkdpfspd;> ,UGwq;fspy; Njhd;Wk; Foha;fSf;F vd;d ngah;?
gf;ff; fpisfs;
658. jkdpfs; ,izAk; ,lq;fSf;F vd;d ngah;?
mdh];lNkhrp]; (m) ,izg;gplq;fs;
659. ,uj;jf; Foha;fspd; Nky; gutpAs;s> kpf Ez;zpa ,uj;jf; Foha; vJ?
thrh thNrhuk; (Vasa vasoram)
660. ,uj;j Foha;fspd;> jirr; Rthpd; ,af;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vJ?
ghpT euk;Gfs;
661. ,jak; tbtk; vJ?
$k;G (m) gpukpl;
662. ,jak; ePsk; msT vd;d?
nghJthf fPopUe;J Nkyhf 12 nr.kPl;lh;
663. ,jak; FWf;fsT vt;tsT?
8-9 nr.kP
664. xU Mzpd; clypy; ,jaj;jpd; vil vt;tsT?
230-280 fpuhk;
665. khh;G cWg;Gfshfpa czTf;Foha;> ,jak;> czTf;Foy; Nghd;w gFjpfs;
mike;j XH cUtff; Nfhl;Lg;gFjpf;F vd;d ngah;?
kPbah];Bdk; (Mediastinum)
666. ,jaj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; ,uz;lLf;Fg; glykhf vJ mike;Js;sJ?
nghpfhh;bak; ciw
667. nghpfhh;bak; ciwapy; ntspg;glyk; vJ?
ehhpiog;nghpfhh;bak;
668. nghpfhh;bak; ciwapy; cl;Gwkhf vJ mike;Js;sJ?
nry;gly nghpfhh;bak;
669. ,jaj;jpw;Fk;> nghpfhh;baj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s ,ilntspapy; epuk;gpAs;sJ
vJ?
nghpfhh;bay; jputk;
670. ,jaj;jpd; Rthpd;> %d;W mLf;Ffs; vit?
vgpfhh;bak;> ikNahfhh;bak;> vd;Nlh – fhh;bak;
671. ,jaj;jirj; jpRthy;> MdJ vJ?

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 ikNahfhh;bak;
672. ,jaj;jpd;> cl;Rthpy; cs;sJ vJ?
mLf;F vgpj;jPypaj;jhyhd vd;Nlhfhh;bak;
673. clypd; jputj; jd;ikiag; ghJfhg;gjpy;> ,uj;jr; Rw;W cWg;GfSld;> kpf
Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;WtJ vJ?
epzePH cWg;Gfs;
674. epzePH cWg;Gfs; vit?
epzePH> epzePH nry;fs; (ypk;Nghirl;L)> epzePH ehsq;fs;> epzePH Rug;gpfs;>
lhd;rpy;fs;> kz;zPuy;> ijk]; Rug;gp
675. epzePH cWg;Gfspy; cs;s nry;fs; vit?
khf;NuhNg[]; (Macrophages)> ild;biul;bf; nry;fs;> tiyg;gpd;dy; nry;fs;
676. ypk;Nghirl;Lfspd; tiffs; vit?
B – ypk;Nghirl;Lfs; (m) B nry;fs; T – ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;
677. ntspg;Gwj;jpypUe;J clypDs; EioAk; Ntjpa %yf;$Wfis milahsk;
fz;L mopf;Fk; vjph; er;Rf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;af; $baJ vJ?
B – ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;
678. itu];fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l nry;fis milahsk; fz;L mopg;gJ vJ?
T – ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;
679. T – ypk;Nghirl;Lfs; ve;j epzePH cWg;gpDs; nrd;w gpwF Kjph;r;rpailAk;?
ijk];
680. ‘B’ nry;fspd; Kjph;rr; p vtw;wpy; epfOk;?
vYk;G k[;i[
681. ika epzePH cWg;Gfs; vit?
ijk];> vYk;G k[;i[
682. ijk]; tbtk; vJ?
Kf;Nfhzk;
683. ijk]; mLf;Ffs; vit?
nkLy;yh> fhh;nlf;];
684. fhu;nlf;]; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLtJ vJ?
ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;
685. epzePHr; Rug;gpfs; mikg;G vJ?
Nfhstbtk;
686. epzePHr; Rug;gpfs; msT vd;d?
1-25 kp.kPl;lh;
687. gpwe;j Foe;ijapd; clypy; ijk]pd; vil vt;tsT?
10-15 fpuhk;fs;
688. epzePHr; Rug;gpfs; vtw;wpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;?
njhilg; gFjp (Inguinal nodes)> iffSf;fbapy; (Axillary nodes)> fOj;Jk;
gFjp (Cervical nodes)
689. XH Rug;gpapd; cl;Gwkhf ird]; vDk; ,ilepiyg; gFjpia Rw;wpYk;
mike;jJ vJ?
ghNfhirl;bf; nry;fs;
690. ghf;Bhpahf;fs;> gpw Ntjpag; nghUl;fspd; jhf;FjypypUe;J cliyg; ghJfhf;f
cjTtJ vJ?
lhd;rpy; (m) mbehr; rijfs;
691. njhz;ilg; gFjpapd; cs;Rtw;wpy; cs;s lhd;rpy;fs; vj;jid?

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 %d;W
692. njhz;ilg;Gw lhd;rpy;fs; vitahFk;?
mbdhapLfs;
693. ehf;fpd; mbg;gug;gpy; cs;s epzePH Rug;gpfs; vit?
ehf;Fg;Gw lhd;rpy;fs;
694. kz;zPuypy; cs;s epzePHj; jpRf;fs; vit?
rptg;Gf; $o;> nts;isf; $o;
695. cly; gFjpfspy; cs;s epzePHr; Rug;gpfspd; njhFg;Gfs; vit?
1. jiy kw;Wk; fOj;J 2. Nkw;ifg; gFjp 3. fhy; gFjp 4. tapW - ,Lg;Gg;
gFjpfs; 5. khh;G
696. euk;G cWg;Gfs; ve;j euk;G nry;fshy; MdJ?
epa+uhd;fs;
697. epa+uhd; mbg;gilapy; ve;j nry; mikg;gpdhy; MdJ?
irl;lhd;
698. irl;lhdpd; ePl;rpfs; vit?
nld;biul;Lfs;> nld;buhd;fs;
699. irl;lhdpd; ePz;l ePl;rp vJ?
Mf;rhd;
700. XH epa+uhd;> kw;nwhU epa+uhDld; njhlh;G nfhs;tJ vJ?
irdhg;];

kdpjdpd; clw;nraypay;

1. midj;J clw;nray; epfo;rr ; pfSk; ve;j ,af;fq;fspd; nray;ghlhFk;?

caphpfs; jd;epiyf; fhj;jy;> tho;jy;> ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;jy;
2. capupfs; gpw capuw;w nghUl;fspypUe;J jq;fis Kw;wpYkhf NtWgLj;jp
vjpy; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd?
jd;epiy fhj;jyhy;
3. ghpzhk khWghLfshy; Njhd;wpAs;s gytifg;gl;l cWg;GfSk;
mt;TWg;Gfspd; xUkpj;j nray; jpwd;fspd; vit Mjhukhfpd;wd?
caph; tho;jYf;F

czT+l;lk;

4. czT+l;lk; vd;why; vd;d?

czit cs;spOj;jy;> nrhpj;jy;> cl;fpufpj;jy;> jd;kakhf;Fjy;
5. midj;J czT tiffSk; nghJthf ve;j Ntjpag; nghUl;fshy; Mdit?
fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;L> GNuhl;Bd;> nfhOg;G> itl;lkpd;fs;> jhJ cg;Gf;fs;> ePh;
6. fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs;> fhh;gd;> i`l;u[d;> Mf;rp[d; Nghd;wtw;iw ve;j
tpfpjj;jpy; nfhz;Ls;sd?
1:2:1 [(CH2O)n]
7. fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfspd; 3 tifahd rh;f;fiufs; vit?
1. xw;iwr;rh;f;fiu 2. ,ul;ilr;rh;f;fiu 3. $l;Lr;rh;f;fiu
8. xw;iwr; rHf;fiufs; fhh;gd; vz;zpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; vj;jid
tiffshf cs;sd?
ilNah];> biuNah];> nll;Nuh];> ngd;Nlh];> n`f;Nrh];

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9. ,ul;ilr; rh;f;fiuapd; 3 tiffis $Wf?
khy;l;Nlh]; (Kisj;j jhdpaq;fs;) – FSf;Nfh]; + FSf;Nfh];
Rf;Nuh]; - FSf;Nfh]; + /g;uf;Nlh];
yhf;Nlh]; (ghy;) – FSf;Nfh]; + fhyf;Nlh];
10. $l;Lr; rh;f;fiuapy; mjpf mstpy; rf;jpiaf; nfhz;L Nrkpg;G czthf
mike;Js;sJ vJ?
];lhh;r;
11. tpyq;Ffspd; fy;yPuypYk;> jirfspYk; ve;j $l;Lr; rh;f;fiu mike;Js;sJ?
fpisf;Nfh[d;
12. GNuhl;Bd; %yf;$Wfs; vtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sd?
fhh;gd;> i`l;u[d;> Mf;]p[d;> iel;u[d;> fe;jfk;
13. gy GNuhl;Bd;fs; vd;irk;fshf nray; Ghptjw;F ngah; vd;d?
nray; Gujq;fs;
14. GNuhl;Bd; %yf;$Wfs; vtw;why; Mdit?
mkpNdh mkpyq;fs;
15. GNuhl;Bd; %yf;$Wfspy; mkpNdhmkpyq;fspd; ,uz;L tiffs; vd;d?
1. mtrpakhd 2. mtrpakw;w
16. GNuhl;Bdpd; Kjy;epiy mikg;G vd;why; vd;d?
gy mkPNdh mkpyq;fs; ngg;ilL ,izg;Gfshy; ,iztjhy; Xh; GNuhl;Bd;
my;yJ ghypngg;ilL cUthFk;. ,t;tif ePz;l rq;fpypj; njhlh;
mikg;gpw;Fg; GNuhl;Bdpd; Kjy;epiy mikg;G vd;W ngah;.
17. xU jdpegUf;F xU ehspy; Njitg;gLk; GNuhl;Bdpd; msthdJ xt;nthU
fpNyhfpuhk; cly; vilf;Fk; 1 fpuhk; MFk; vd;W fUj;Jf;fs; $wpath;fs;
ahth;?
1CMR d; czT epGzh; FOtpd; fUj;Jg;gbAk;> WHOtpd; epiyg;gbAk;
18. cztpy; GNuhl;Bd; Fiwe;jhy; Njhd;Wk; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; vit?
kuhRk];> Fth\pahh;fh;
19. nfhOg;G mkpyq;fspy; ,uz;L tiffs; vd;d?
1. epiwTw;w 2. epiwTwhj nfhOg;G

itl;lkpd;fs;
20. itl;lkpd;fs; vt;thW gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd?
A>B>C>D>E>K
21. itl;lkpd; A>D>E>K ia msTf;F mjpfkhf cl;nfhz;lhy; Vw;gLk; Nehapd;
ngah; vd;d?
itl;lkpNdhrp]; vDk; kpF itl;lkpd; Neha;fs;
22. #hpa xsp itl;lkpd; vd;w ngaUila itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; D
23. itl;lkpd;fspd; Kf;fpa Ntiyfs; vd;d?
1. clw; nraw; epfo;rr
; pfs; 2. cly; jpRf;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;
3. tsh;rpij khw;w epfo;rr
; pfs;
24. fz;ghh;it czh;tpy; Kf;fpa gq;F trpf;Fk; itl;lkpd; vd;d?
itl;lkpd; A
25. tpyq;Ffspd; ,dg;ngUf;fj; jpwDf;F mtrpakhd itl;lkpdpd; ngah; vd;d?
itl;lkpd; E

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26. ,uj;jk; ciwjy; ve;j itl;lkpdhy; epfo;fpwJ?
itl;lkpd; K
27. Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; mspg;gJld; kw;Wk; tsh;rr; papid Cf;Ftpf;Fk; itl;lkpd;
vJ?
itl;lkpd; C
28. clypd; vgpj;jPypa jpRf;fs; ve;j itl;lkpd;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd?
itl;lkpd; A kw;Wk; B2
29. vYk;G tsh;rr ; pf;F Njitg;gLk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; D
30. jpRf;fshd Gj;Jzh;r;rpaspg;gjpy; gq;fspf;Fk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; E
31. euk;G nry;fs; cztpidg; ngw Njitg;gLk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; B1
32. ,uj;jr; rptg;gZf;fis Kjph;;r;rpailr; nra;Ak; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; B12
33. fhy;rpak; kw;Wk; gh];gu]; tsh;rpij khw;wk; epfOk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; D
34. Md;b Mf;]pld;l; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; E
35. jpR tsh;rpij khw;wj;jpy; itl;lkpd; B1 vt;thW gad;gLfpwJ?
Nfh-vd;irk;
36. FSf;Nfh]; tsh;rpij khw;wj;jpw;F cjTk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; B2
37. gNahl;bd; vDk; ngaUila itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; B
itl;lkpd; FiwghLfs;
38. itl;lkpd; A Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; vd;d?
khiyf;fz; Neha;
39. tsUk; Foe;ijfSf;F hpf;fl;]; NehAk;> Kjpath;fSf;F M];bNahkNyhpah
vDk; NehAk; ve;j itl;lkpd; Fiwghl;lhy; Njhd;WfpwJ?
itl;lkpd; D
40. Nrhjid tpyq;Ffspy; kyl;Lj;jd;ik Vw;gLj;Jk; itl;lkpd; vJ?
itl;lkpd; E
41. itl;lkpd; K Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; vd;d?
kdpjdpd; ,uj;jk; ciwjy; ghjpg;gilayhk;
42. itl;lkpd; B1 Kw;wpYkhff; Fiwtjhy; Vw;gLk; Nehapd; ngah; vd;d?
nghp nghp
43. ,iug;ig – Fly; FiwghLfs;> cjL> tha;> ehf;Fg; Gz;fs; ve;j itl;lkpd;
Fiwghl;bdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ?
itl;lkpd; B2
44. ngy;yf;uh vDk; Neha; ve;j itl;lkpd; Fiwghl;lhy; Njhd;WfpwJ?
itl;lkpd; earpd;
45. fz;fs;> %f;F> fhJfs; Mfpa cWg;Gfisr; Rw;wpYk; Njhy; ghjpg;Gfs;
Vw;gLj;Jk; itl;lkpd; vJ?

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 itl;lkpd; B6 (ighplhf;]pd;)
46. itl;lkpd; B12 Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; vd;d?
,uj;jr; Nrhif
47. itl;lkpd; C Fiwghl;lhy; Njhd;Wk; Nehapd; ngah; vd;d?
];fh;tp
jdpkq;fs;
48. rpy jdpkq;fs; mjpf mstpy; vtw;wpw;F cjTfpd;wd?
cly; fl;Ltpj;jYf;F
49. cly; fl;Ltpj;jYf;F> Fwpg;ghf vYk;G> gw;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fj;
Njitahdit vit?
fhy;rpak;> kf;dPrpak;> gh];gu];
50. rpy Ez; jdpkq;fs; Mf;rp[d; flj;JjYf;Fhpa jdpkk; vJ?
,Uk;G
51. `hh;Nkhd; jahhpg;Gf;F gad;gLk; jdpkk; vJ?
mNahbd;
52. tsh;rpij khw;wq;fSf;F Njitg;gLk; jdpkq;fs; vd;d?
khq;fdP]>; nrk;G> Jj;jehfk;
53. rpy jdpkq;fs; cly; jputj;jpd; gFjpfshfTs;sit vit?
FNshhpd;> Nrhbak;> nghl;lhrpak;
54. euk;Gjirj; J}z;Ljy;fSf;F Njitahd rpy jdpkq;fs; vit?
kf;dPrpak;> Nrhbak;> nghl;lhrpak;

ePh;
55. nfhOg;gw;w cly; vilapy; kdpjd; cl;glg; ngUk;ghyhd ghY}l;bfspYk;
ePhpd; msT vt;thW fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ?
71-78%
56. gpwe;j Foe;ijapd; cly; vilapy; vj;jid rjtPjk; ePh; kpFe;jpUf;Fk;?
85-90%
57. ,isQh;fspd; clypy; vj;jid rjtPjk; ePh; cz;L?
55-60%
58. nry; ntspapy; cs;s ePhpy; 25% vtw;wpy; cs;sJ?
,uj;jg; gpsh];khtpy;
59. cly; ePhpog;G 4 topfspy; NehpLk;> mit ahit?
1. rpWePh; (1400 kp.yp) 2. ntspr;Rthrk; (400 kp.yp)
3. Njhypd; topNa (600 kp.yp) 4. kyg;nghUSld; (100 kp.yp)
60. vd;irk;fs;> `hh;Nkhd;fs;> itl;lkpd;fs;> vyf;bNuhiyl;Lfspd;
fiug;ghdhfpwJ vJ?
ePh;

rhptpfpj czT

61. clYf;Fj; Njitahd midj;J czTg; nghUl;fisAk; chpa msTfspy;

nfhz;l cztpd; ngah; vd;d?
rhptpfpj czT

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 fNyhhp msTfs;

62. czT+l;lk; kw;Wk; cztpay; Jiwapy; Xh; fNyhhp vd;gJ vt;tsT ePiu
cah;j;Jtjw;F Njitahd ntg;g msthff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ?
1fp.fpuhk; ePiu 10C
63. Xh; khjphp ,e;jpa MZf;Fk;> ngz;zpw;Fk; Njitg;gLk; msTfisf;
fzf;fpl;L je;Js;s czT rpwg;Gf; FOtpd; ngah; vd;d?
,e;jpa kUj;Jt Ma;Tf; fTd;rpy; (ICMR)
64. ,e;jpa khjphp Mz; (IRM) Njitg;gLk; fNyhhp msTfs; vt;thW
fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sd?
25 taJ> cly;gug;G 1.62 r.kPl;lh;> cly; vil 55fpNyhfpuhk;> ey;y cly;
eyk;
65. ,e;jpa khjphp ngz; (IRW)zpw;F Njitg;gLk; fNyhhp msTfs; vd;d?
25 taJ> cly;gug;G 1.4 r.kPl;lh;> cly; vil 45fpNyhfpuhk;> ey;y cly; eyk;
66. Fwpg;gpl;l tajpw;Fhpa vilapid tpl 10% mjpfhpg;G Vw;gl;lhy; mjd; ngah;
vd;d?
cly; gUkd; mjpfhpg;G
67. cly; gUkd; mjpfhpg;ghy; Vw;gLk; FiwghLfs; vd;d?
,uj;j mOj;j mjpfhpg;G> ,uj;jf; Foha; milg;G> ,ja Neha;> ePhpopT Neha;
68. cly; gUkd; ve;jf; FwpaPl;lhy; Fwpg;gplyhk;?
cly; vilf; FwpaPL

czTr; nrhpkhdk;

69. nrhpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d?

thapd; topahf EioAk; cztpy; ngUk; gFjpahfg; nghpa %yf;$Wfshd
ghyprh;f;fiuLfSk; GNuhl;Bd;fSk; mike;Js;sd. ,tw;iw me;epiyapNyNa
Flw;Rthpd; topahf cs;spOf;f ,ayhJ. ,it fiuf;fg;gl;L rpwpa
%yf;$Wfshf cilgLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt nrhpj;jy; vdg;gLk;.
70. czT nrhpj;jypy; fphpah Cf;fpfshf nray;glf;$bait vit?
nrhpkhdr; Rug;gpfspd; vd;irk;fs;
71. nrhpj;jypy; Kjy; nray; vd;d?
czitr; Ritj;jy; my;yJ nky;Yjy;
72. tha;> jhilapd; vYk;Gj; jirfSld; ,ize;Js;s vtw;why; Ritj;jy;
my;yJ nky;Yjy; Vw;gLfpwJ?
Nrhkhl;bf; euk;Gfshy;
73. ckpo;ePiu Ruf;Fk; %d;W ,izr; Rug;gpfs; vit?
Nky; mz;zr; Rug;gpfs;> fPo;j;jhilr; Rug;gpfs;> ehtbr; Rug;gpfs;
74. kdpjDf;F jpde;NjhWk; vt;tsT kp.yp. ckpo;ePh; Ruf;fg;gLfpwJ?
1000 Kjy; 1500 kp.yp
75. ckpo;ePhpy; cs;s mq;ffg; nghUl;fs; vd;d?
kpa+rpd;> mikNy];
76. ckpo;ePhpd; ];lhh;r;rpd; kPJ nray;glf;$bait vJ?
mkpNy]; my;yJ laypd;

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 புத்தகம் கிடைக்கும் இைங்கள்

வ.எண் கடைனின் ப஧னர் - பதொட஬ப஧சி. எண்

1. பசன்ட஦ 9094826254
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3. பகொடவ 9994343334
4. பச஬ம் 9842428861
5. தூத்துக்குடி 9443833333
6. திருப஥ல்பவ஬ி 9750216789
7. கன்஦ினொகுநரி 9894846425
8. திருவண்ணொநட஬ 9994063702
9. ஥ொநக்கல் 9894217248
10. திருச்சி 9944144222
11. ப஧பம்஧லூர் 9894495845
12. அரினலூர் 9843427724
13. புதுக்பகொட்டை 9659765900
14. சிவகங்டக 9994079013
15. இபொந஥ொதபுபம் 9842537005
16. பத஦ி 9443929273
17. ஈபபொடு 9443182330
18. தர்நபுரி 9025313661
19. கிருஷ்ணகிரி 9025313661
20. விழுப்புபம் 9943153202
21. கொஞ்சிபுபம் 9842316661
22. தஞ்சொவூர் 9486525806
23. ஥ொகப்஧ட்டி஦ம் 9500478338
24. பவலூர் 9791544734
25. திண்டுக்கல் 9500862024
26. விருது஥கர் 9042482982
27. திருவொரூர் 9443491894
28. திருத்தணி 9750216789
29. கரூர் 9750216789
30. கைலூர் 9443079942

நூ஬ிட஦ ப஧஫ வழி முட஫கள்

1. ARIVUKKADAL PATHIPPAKAGAM என்஫ ப஧னரில் DD எடுத்து அல்஬து M.O அனுப்஧஬ொம்
2. கரூர் டவசினொ வங்கினில் ஧ணம் பசலுத்த஬ொம்,
஥ைப்பு கணக்கு எண் : 1161135000002562
IFSC NO KVBL 0001161 / SOUTH MASI STREET, MADURAI
முகவரி: அ஫ிவுக்கைல் ஧திப்஧கம்,
நட஦ எண் 3262, தநிழ்஥ொடு வட்டு
ீ வசதி வொரினக்குடினிருப்பு,
வில்஬ொபுபம், நதுடப – 625011.
Contact no:98426 49140, 0452-6463666, 9976935585

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77. rikj;j cztpYs;s ];lhh;rr ; pid vit ,ul;ilr; rh;f;fiuahf khw;Wk;?
khy;Nlh];
78. cztpw;F vspjpy; tpOq;Fk; jd;ikAila ............................... vd;W ngah;
czTj;jpus;
79. ,iug;igapd; vd;irk;fshf Rug;git vit?
ngg;rpd;> nudpd;
80. fhy;r ; pak; madpfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; NfrpahdJ fiuahj fhy;rpak; - Nfrpd;
$l;Lg; nghUspd; ngah; vd;d?
japh;
81. ,iug;igapypUe;J fPopwq;Fk; cztpw;F ngah; vd;d?
,iug;igg; ghF
82. kdpj rpWFlypd; ePsk; vd;d?
5-7 kPl;lh;
83. kdpj rpWFlypd; %d;W gFjpfs; vit?
bNahbdk; (Kd;rpWFly;)> [P[d P k; vDk; ,ilr; rpWFly;> ,ypak; vd;Dk; gpd;
rpWFly;
84. Kd;rpWFly; gFjpapy; nfhl;lg;gLk; %d;W nghUl;fs; vit?
gpj;j ePh;> fiza ePh;> Kd; rpWFly; ePH;
85. ..................... cg;Gfs; nghpa nfhOg;Gg; nghUl;fisr; rpwpa nfhOg;Gj;
jptiyfshf khw;Wfpd;wd.
gpj;j ePh
86. fiza ePhpd; vd;irk;fshf cs;sit vit?
bhpg;rpd;> ifNkhb hpg;rpd;
87. rpWFly; ePhpy; cs;s nghUs; ,aq;Fk; epiyapYs;s bhpg;rpd;>
ifNkhbhpg;rpdhf khw;WtJ vJ?
vd;bNuhifNd];
88. Kd;rpWFly; ePh; : vd;irk;fSk; nray;fSk;
1. nfhOg;G iyg;Ng]; nfhOg;G mkpyk; + fpspruhy;
2. Rf;Nuh]; Rf;Nu]; FSf;Nfh]; + gpuf;Nlh];
3. khy;l;Nlh]; khy;l;Nl]; FSf;Nfh]; + FSf;Nfh];
4. yhf;Nlh]; yhf;Nl]; FSf;Nfh]; + fhyf;Nlh];
5. ngg;ilLfs; vhpg;rpd; mkpNdh mkpyq;fs;
6. DNA> RNA epa+f;spNaR epa+f;spNahilLfs;>
epa+f;spNahirLfs;
89. nrhpf;fg;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fs; cwpQ;Rg;gl;L vtw;wpd; %yk; fy;yPuiyr;
nrd;wilfpd;wd?
fy;yPuy; Nghh;l;ly; rpiuapd; %yk;
90. czthdJ rf;jpahfTk;> nry; mikg;ghfTk; khWjy; ngWtjd; ngah; vd;d?
jd;kakhf;fk;

czTg; ghij FiwghLfs;

91. gy;ypd; kPJ ghJfhg;gpw;nfd cs;s vdhky;> nld;ild; vDk; gy;nyYk;G

(gw;je;jk;) rpwpJ rpwpjhfj; Nja;khdk; miltjhy; Vw;gLtJ vd;d?
gw;nrhj;ij
92. Fly; Gz;fspy; ,uz;L tiffs; vd;d?

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 Kd; Fly;Gz;> ,iug;igg; Gz;
93. Fly;Gz;fs; ve;j ghf;Bhpaq;fshy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd?
n`ypf;NfhNgf;lh;
94. Fly;Gz; njhy;iy mjpfkpUg;gpd; ve;j cs;Nehf;Ff; fUtpahy; Ma;T nra;J
ghjpg;gpd; msT jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ?
endoscopy
95. Flypwf;fj;jpidg; nghJthf vt;thW miog;gh;?
fPwy;fs;
96. FlypWf;f Fly;gpJf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
Flypwf;fj;jpy; Flypd; xU gFjp jpUfyile;J gpJf;fj;jpDs; Eioe;J tpLk;.
mg;gFjpapy; ,uj;j xl;lk; jilg;glyhk;. ,jw;F FlypWf;f Fly; gpJf;fk;
vd;W ngah;
97. Fly; gpJf;f tiffis tpthp?
1. ftl;ilg; gpJf;fk; 2. Nky;njhil gpJf;fk; 3. nfhg;G+o; Fly; ,wf;fk;
98. cjug;igAiw Row;rp vd;why; vd;d?
Jtf;fj;jpy; jpBnud Nky; tapw;wpy; typAk;> the;jpAzh;Tk; Njhd;Wk;>
fha;r;rYk; Njhd;Wk;> rpfpr;ir fhyjhkjkhdhy; NehAw;w Fly;thy; ntbj;J
tapw;wiwapy; njhw;W Nehplyhk;. ,t;tifapy; Njhd;Wk; ghjpg;gpw;F
cjug;igAiw Row;rp vd;W ngah;.
99. gpj;j ePhpd; jd;ikfspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;lhy;; Njhd;WtJ vd;d?
gpj;jf; fw;fs;
vYk;GfSk; %l;LfSk;
100. xU tsh;e;j kdpjdpd; clypy; nkhj;j vYk;Gfs; vj;jid?
206 vYk;Gfs;
101. kdpjdpd; vYk;GfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;l jirehh;fs; vj;jid?
Rkhh; 700
102. vWk;GfSk;> jir ehh;fSk; kdpj clypy; vj;jid rjtPj viliaf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ?
50%
103. ,uz;L vYk;Gfs; ,izAk; ,lj;jpy; Njhd;WtJ vd;d?
%l;L my;yJ Mh;bFNy\d;
104. vYk;G KwpT vd;why; vd;d?
vYk;G ciljy; my;yJ fPwYWjy;
105. fp.K. 14 Mk; E}w;whz;by; if> fhy;fspy; vYk;G KwpT rpfpr;ir gw;wp
tpsf;fpath; ahh;?
`pg;nghfpNul;];
106. vYk;G Kwptpd; tiffs; vd;d?
1. gr;irf; nfhk;G KwpT 2. %ba KwpT 3. jpwe;j KwpT
4. Neha;epiy KwpT 5. mOj;j KwpT 6. gpwg;G KwpT
107. Kwpe;j vYk;Gfs; $Ljy; nraypy; %d;W epiyfs; vd;d?
1. tPq;Fjy; epiy 2. rhpnra;jy; epiy 3. kPz;Lk; tbtikj;jy; epiy

gapw;rp Kiw rpfpr;ir kw;Wk; kWtho;T

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108. clw;gapw;rpapd; %ykhf> nraypoe;j if> fhy;fis kPz;Lk; ed;Kiwapy;
nray;glr; nra;Ak; rpfpr;ir Kiw vd;d?
gprpNahnjugp (gapw;rp Kiw rpfpr;ir)
109. vYk;G KwpT rpfpr;irapd; ,Wjpapy; Njhd;Wk; rpy gpur;rpidfs; vd;d?
%l;Lfs; ,Wf;fkiljy;> jirfspd; ,og;G
110. %l;Lfspy; ,ize;Js;s vYk;Gfs;> mg;gFjpapypUe;J ,lk; ngah;jy; my;yJ
eOTjYf;F ngah; vd;d?
%l;Lfs; eOtjy;
111. %l;L eOtjypd; 4 fhuzq;fs; tpthp?
1. fd;n[dpl;ly; (gpwtpf;FiwghL) 2. tpgj;J 3. Neha; 4. gf;f thjk;
112. fd;n[dpl;ly; vd;gJ fUtsh;r;rpapd; NghJ kugpay; fhuzpfshy; vYk;G
tsh;rr ; papy; FiwghL Vw;gLtjw;F ngah; vd;d?
nluNlhn[dpf; my;yJ nluNlhyh[pf;
113. %l;L typf;Fg; gy Neha;f; fhuzpfs; cz;L? mit ahit?
kd ey – cly; ey Neha;f; fhuzp> Neha;j; njhw;Wjy;> gy;NtW Neha;fs;
kw;Wk; tsh;rpij khw;wf; FiwghL
114. %l;Ltypapd; tiffs; vd;d?
1. njhw;W Nehapdhy; cz;lhFk; %l;Ltyp> 2. UNkl;bf; %l;Ltyp
3. M];bNah Mh;j;hpl;b];> 4. tsh;rpij khw;wf; FiwghL %l;Ltyp
115. vYk;Gfspd; kPJ NghJkhd fdpk cg;Gfs; Nruhikapdhy; cz;lhFk;
Neha;fs; vd;d?
hpf;fl;]; kw;Wk; M];bNah kNyhpah
116. cztpy; Cl;lr;rj;Jf; FiwghL ,Uf;FNkahdhy;> Cl;lr;rj;J hpf;fl;];
FiwghL vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.
117. hpf;fl;]; FiwghL Vw;gLtjw;F ve;j itl;lkpd; FiwghL fhuzkhf cs;sJ?
itl;lkpd; D
118. vYk;Gfspy; typ kw;Wk; vYk;Gfs; nkyptiljy; ve;j Nehapd; gz;GfshFk;?
M];bNah kNyrpah
jirfs;
119. caphpay; ,ae;jpukhfr; nray;gl;L Ntjp Mw;wiy ,af;F Mw;wyhf
khw;wg;gLgit vit?
jirr; nry;fs;
120. Njhuhakhf ek; clypd; vilapy; vj;jid rjtPjk; jirfshFk;?
40%
121. xt;nthU jir ehiur; Rw;wpAk; rt;Tg;glyk; fhzg;gLtjw;F ngah; vd;d?
rhh;Nfhnyk;kh
122. xt;nthU jir ehhpYk;> 4 Kjy; 20 tiu fhzg;gLk; nky;ypa ,iofspd;
ngah; vd;d?
ikNah/iggphpy;fs;
123. jirehh;fspy; ikNah/iggphpypd; xU jdp Jz;bw;F ngah; vd;d?
rhh;Nfhkpah;
124. efUk; - ,io fUj;Jf; nfhs;ifia ve;j Mz;by;> ahh; ntspapl;lhh;fs;?
`hd;rd; kw;Wk; `f;Ny (1955) ,y;
125. euk;Gfs; KbAk; ,lj;jpy; jirAk;> euk;GfSk; re;jpg;gjw;F ngah; vd;d?
euk;G – jir re;jpg;G

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126. xU euk;Gj;J}z;ly;> euk;G jir re;jpg;ig te;jilAk; NghJ mt;tplj;jpy; ve;j
Ntjpg; nghUs; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ?
mrpl;ily;nfhiyd;
127. vYk;Gld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s ve;j nray;> nray;kpF Mw;wy; jirehh;fis
te;jilAk; NghJ Jtq;FfpwJ?
jirfspd; RUq;Fk; nray;
128. KOikahd jirr; RUf;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; nray;fSf;F ngah; vd;d?
J}z;ly; miljy;
129. ,ay;ghd ePsKila jirfs; nray;gLk; NghJ> Njhd;Wk; mjpfgl;r mOj;j
rf;jp Rkhh; 3.5 fp.fp/r.nr.kP. jirg;gFjpahFk;.
130. jirfspd; Fiwe;j msT RUf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
Xa;T epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> rw;Nw J}z;Ljy; ngw;W xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT
RUq;fpa epiyapNyNa jirfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;Fj; jirfspd; Fiwe;j
msT RUf;fk; vd;W ngah;.
131. ePz;l Neuk; tYthd epiyapy; jirfs; RUf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; Vw;gLtJ
vd;d?
jirr;; Nrhh;T
132. jirfr; Nrhh;T vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ?
jirfspy; cs;s fpisf;Nfh[d; FiwtjdhYk;> yhf;bf; mkpyk;
mjpfhpg;gjhYk;
133. xUth; ,we;j gpd;> gy kzp Neuk; tiu> jirfs; RUq;fpa epiyapid
(tpiwg;Gld;) miltjw;F ngah; vd;d?
kuz tpiwg;G
134. jirfs; rpijtiltJ my;yJ ghjpf;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLtJ vd;d?
jirg;gpbg;G
135. xU tpgj;jpdhy; jir ehh;fs; ,Of;fg;gl;lhy;> jir ehh;fs;
ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shtjd; ngah; vd;d?
jirg;ghjpg;G
136. jirr; RUf;fj;jpd; 2 tiffs; vd;d?
1. INrhlhdpf; jirr; RUf;fk; 2. INrhnkl;hpf; jirr; RUf;fk;
137. clw;gapw;rp %d;W topfspy; cly;eyj;ij Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ? mit ahit?
1. ,jak; kw;Wk; EiuaPuypd; nray;jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;
2. Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l epiyapy; Xa;Tepiy jirr;RUf;fk; fhzg;gLjy;
3. %l;Lfs; vspjpy; mirAk; jd;ik
138. njhopy;Kiw rhh;e;j vil J}f;Fk; gapw;rpahshpd; jirfs; gUkdhtjw;F
fhuzkhtJ vJ?
INrhnkl;hpf; jirr;RUf;fk;
139. euk;Gj; jir re;jpg;gpy; J}z;ly; flj;jg;glhikNa fhuzkhfTs;s Neha; vJ?
ikah];jPdpah fpuhtp];
140. ikah];jPdpah fpuhtp]; Neha; NtW vt;thW ek;gg;gLfpwJ?
Ra Neha;j; jLg;G mikg;Gf; FiwghL Neha;
141. ikah];jPdpah fpuhtp]; Nehapy; ,uj;jj;ijr; Rj;jpfhpf;Fk; nraypd; ngah;
vd;d?
gpsh];Nkh/gphprp];
Rthrpj;jy;

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142. Rthrj;jpy; gy epfo;rr ; pfis vOJf?
1. fhw;Nwhl;lk; 2. O2 guty; 3. O2 flj;Jjy; 4. O2 gug;Gjy;
5. O2>CO2 ,lkhw;wk; 6. CO2 flj;Jjy; 7. CO2> O2 ,lkhw;wk;
8. ntspr;Rthrk;
143. khh;giwapy; Vw;gLk; mOj;j khw;wq;fshy; Vw;gLgit vit?
cl;RthrKk;> ntspr;RthrKk;
144. Gjpa fhw;W> EiuaPuy;fSf;fhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk; epfo;rr ; papd; ngah; vd;d?
cl;Rthrk;
145. cl;Rthrj;jpidj; njhlh;e;J epfOk; ke;jj;jd;ikAila nray; vJ?
ntspr;Rthrk;
146. %r;R rpw;wiuapy; thA khw;wk;?
Mf;rp[d; iel;u[d; fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L <ug;gjk;
cs;spOg;G % 21.00 79.00 0.04 khWgLk;
ntspNaw;wk;% 15.7 74.5 3.6 kpFjp
147. Rthrf; fl;Lg;ghl;L ikak; vq;F cs;sJ?
%isapd; KFsj;jpy;
148. n`hpq; - G&ah; nray; vd;why; vd;d?
%r;Rr; rpw;wiwiwfspd; Rth;fs; cl;Rthrj;jpy; ed;F tphptilAk;> mjid
czh;e;j czh;gFjpfs; KFsj;jpYs;s ntspr;Rthrg; gFjpf;F Ntf];
euk;gpd; topNa J}z;Ljy;fis mDg;Gfpd;wd. ,jdhy; cl;Rthrk;
epWj;jg;gLk;. ,t;tifj; njhlh; epfo;r;rpf;F n`hpq; - G&ah; nray; vd;W
ngah;.
149. epa+Nkhdpah (rspf;fha;r;ry;) vd;why; vd;d?
EiuaPuy;fs; Neha;j; njhw;wpdhy; tPq;fpa epiyailjNy epANkhdpah
vdg;gLk;.
150. ghf;Bhpa epANkhdpahthdJ ve;j ghf;Bhpaq;fshy; Vw;gLk;?
epa+Nkhfhf;fy; epANkhdpah
151. epANkhdpahit ve;j Ez;ZaphpfspypUe;J Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;?
ikf;Nfhgpsh];kh
152. fhrNeha; ve;j ghf;Bhpaj;jhy; kdpjdpy; Njhd;Wk; njhw;W NehahFk;?
ikf;Nfhghf;Bhpak; ba+gh;FNyhrp];
153. khh;Gr;rsp Nehapd; 2 tiffs; vd;d?
jPtpu khh;Gr;rsp Neha;> Kw;wpa khh;Gr;rsp Neha;

FUjpr; Row;rp
154. ,jaj;ij Nehf;fp ,uj;jj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;w rpiufspd; ngah;fs; vd;d?
fPo; ngUQ;rpiufs;> EiuaPuy; rpiufs;
155. tyJ ntd;lh; pf;fpspypUe;J vit ,uj;jj;ij Mf;]p[d; ngWtjw;nfd
EiuaPuy;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpd;wd?
EiuaPuy; Kf;fpa jkdp
156. ,lJ ntd;l;hpf;fpspypUe;J Njhd;wpAs;sJ vJ?
ngUe;jkdp
157. ngUe;jkdpapypUe;J Njhd;wpAs;s jkdpfs; vd;d?
NfhNuhdhp jkdpfs;> cly; Rw;Wf;fhd jkdpfs;

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158. tyJ Vl;hpaj;jpypUe;J tyJ ntd;lh; pf;fpSf;F ,uj;jk; ,wq;Ftij
fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vJ?
%tpjo; thy;T
159. ,jaj;jpy; ,lJGw miwfSf;fpilNa ,uj;jk; ,wq;Ftij fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ
vJ?
<hpjo; thy;T my;yJ ikl;uy; thy;T
160. EiuaPuy; jkdp> ngUe;jkdp Mfpa Foy;fspDs; ,uj;jk; Eiotij
guhkhpf;Fk; thy;T vJ?
gpiw re;jpu thy;Tfs;
161. ,ja ,af;fj;J}z;ly; ,af;fj;jpw;nfd ,jaj;jpy; cs;s mikg;Gfs; vd;d?
irD – Mhpf;Fyhh; fZ> Vl;hpNah – ntd;hpFNyhh; fZ> `p];rpd; fw;iw>
Gh;fpd;[p ,iofs;
162. Xh; Jtf;f ,jaj;Jbg;Gj; Njhd;wp gbg;gbahf gy epfo;rr ; pfspd; gpd; kPz;Lk;
,jaj; Jbg;gpd; Jtf;fk; Njhd;wjypd; ngah; vd;d?
,ja ,af;fr; Row;rp
163. ,ja ,af;fr; Row;rpapy; ,jak; RUq;Fjy; vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
rp];Nlhy;
164. ,ja ,af;fr; Row;rpapy; ,jaj; jsh;r;rpahdJ vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
ila];Nlhy;
165. ,jak; epkplj;jpw;F vj;jid Kiwfs; Jbf;Fk;?
72-80 Kiwfs;
166. ntd;lh; pf;Fyhh; rp];Nlhyhy; jkdpfspy; ,uj;jk; Fjpj;J XLtjw;F ngah;
vd;d?
Vl;hpa ehbj;Jbg;G
167. ,lJ jkdpapd; ,U fpisfspd; ngah;fs; vd;d?
,lJ Foy; jkdp> ,lJ fPopwq;Fj; jkdp
168. ,jaj; jir ,uj;jf; Foy;fs; ghjpg;gile;jhy; my;yJ mf;Foy;fs;
RUq;fpdhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; vd;d?
,jaj; jkdp Neha;
169. ,jaj; jir erpTwy; Nehapd; kWngah; vd;d?
,jaj; jirj; jkdp Neha;
170. ,jaj; jir erpTwy; Nehapy; kaf;fk;> tpah;j;jy;> Njhy; ntSg;G
Nghd;witapd; ngah; vd;d?
mikjpahd ,jaj; jir erpTwy;
171. khh;ig mOj;JtJ Nghd;w fLikahd khh;G typapd; ngah; vd;d?
Md;i[dh
172. ,uj;jr; rptg;G mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if ve;j Nehapdhy; mjpfhpf;fpwJ?
ghyp irj;jPkpah
173. khh;G typapy; ijuhf;rpd; Rug;G mjpfhpj;jhy; mjw;F ngah; vd;d?
ijulhf;rpNfhrp];
174. X-fjph; nrYj;jp ,jaj;jir ,uj;jf; Foha;fisg; glkhf Njhw;Wtpj;jypd;
ngah; vd;d?
MQ;rpNahfpuhk;
175. Rthr - ,uj;j Xl;lg; gzpia Nkw;nfhs;tJ vJ?
,ja EiuaPuy; fUtp
176. ,ja ,af;fj;jpw;fhd kpd;J}z;Ljy; jilg;gLtjhy; Njhd;Wk; epiyapd; ngah;

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 vd;d?
,jaj; J}z;ly; milg;G
177. ,ja vjpnuhyp tiuglk; vd;why; vd;d?
Ez; xyp miyTfis cl;nrYj;jp ,jaj;jpd; cs;sikg;gpidg; glkhfj;
Njhw;Wtpj;jNy ,ja vjpnuhyp tiuglk; vdg;gLk;
178. ,ja miwfSf;fpilNaAk;> ,uj;jf; Foha;fspDs;Sk; Jy;ypakhf
,uj;jj;ijr; nrYj;j gad;gLgit vit?
,ja thy;Tfs;
179. cyfk; KOtJk; gutpAs;s ,jaNeha; vJ?
Ukhl;bf; ,ja Neha;
180. njhz;ilg; gFjpapy; ve;j ghf;Bhpaq;fs; jhf;Ftjhy; Njhd;Wk; ,jaNeha;
vJ?
Ukhl;bf; ,ja Neha;
181. ,jaf; Foy; Neha; jPtpu rpfpr;irg; gphptpy; ,uj;j mOj;jk; gjpT
nra;ag;gLtJ vjpy;?
jhdpaq;fp ,uj;j mOj;jkhdp
182. ,jaf; Foy; Neha; jPtpu rpfpr;irg; gphptpy; ,jaj; Jbg;G kw;Wk; rPh;,af;fk;
ve;j fUtpahy; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpwJ?
ECG
183. ,jaj;jpy; Kf;fpa jkdpfspd; topNa ,uj;jk; XLk; NghJ mj;jkdpfspd;
Rtw;wpy; Njhd;Wk; mOj;jk; vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
,uj;jk; mOj;jk;
184. clw;gapw;rp> kdmOj;jk;> cwf;fk; Nghd;w jd;ikfisg; nghWj;J
khWgLgit vit?
,ja ,af;fKk;> ,uj;j mOj;jKk;
185. ,jaj;jpy; ntd;lh; pf;fps; miwr;Rth; RUq;FtjhYk; ngUe;jkdpapDs; ,uj;jk;
gha;e;J nry;tjhYk; Njhd;Wk; mOj;jk; vJ?
rp];lhypf; mOj;jk;
186. ,jaj;jpy; ntd;lh; pf;fps;fspd; Rth;j; jsh;r;rpailAk; Ntisapy; jkdpfspd;
Rthpy; Njhd;Wk; mOj;jk; vJ?
ila];lhypf; mOj;jk;
187. ,jaj;jpd; xt;nthU ,jaj;Jbg;gpd; NghJk; jkdpfspy; Njhd;Wk; mOj;j
miyf;F ngah; vd;d?
ehbj;Jbg;G
188. ,jaj;jpy; ,uj;j mOj;jj;jpid ve;j fUtpahy; mstPL nra;fpNwhk;?
];gpf;NkhkhNdhkPl;lh;
189. cly; eyKila xUthpd; ,uj;j mOj;jk; vt;tsthf ,Uf;Fk;?
120/80 kp.kP. nkh;f;Fhp (Hg) vd;wpUf;Fk; (120mm Hg – rp];lhypf;> 80mm Hg –
ila];Nlhypf;)
190. Hg Mfpa msTfspNyh my;yJ mjw;F mjpfkhfNth ,Ug;gpd;
mj;jd;ikapd; ngah; vd;d?
kpifaOj;jk;
191. ,uj;j mOj;jk; ,ay;G mOj;jj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd mOj;jj;jpd; ngah; vd;d?
FiwaOj;jk;
192. ,jak; kw;Wk; ,uj;jf;Foha;fspd; nraw;gS ve;j mOj;jk; njhlh;e;jpUg;gpd;
mjpfhpf;Fk;?

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 kpifaOj;jk;
193. ,ja khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;ir vd;why; vd;d?
xUthpd; gOjile;j ,jaj;jpid ePf;fptpl;L %is ,wg;Gila xUthpd;
,jaj;jpid khw;wpg; nghUj;jyhk;.
194. tpyq;Ffspy; ,ja khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;ir ve;j Mz;by;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ?
1959 – Mk; Mz;by;
195. kdpjdpy; Kjd;Kjyhf ,ja khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;irapid nra;jth; ahh;?
ve;j Mz;by; nra;jhh;?
Nguh. fpwp];bahd; ngh;dhh;L> njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; 1967 - ,y; nra;jhh;
196. ,ja – EiuaPuy; nray; J}z;ly; vd;why; vd;d?
,jaj;Jbg;G epd;Wtpl;l xUtUf;F cldbahf khh;Gg; gFjpapy; ,jaj;jpw;F
Nky; mOj;jpg; gpire;J> thapd; Nky; tha; itj;Jr; Rthrj; J}z;ly;
nra;tij ,ja – EiuaPuy; nray; J}z;ly; vd;fpNwhk;.
197. gpsh];khtpy; %d;W tifahd ,uj;jr; nry;fs; cs;sd. mit ahit?
1. ,uj;jr; rptg;gZf;fs; 2. ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fs; 3. ,uj;j gpNsl;nyl;fs;
(,uj;j jl;ilar; nry;fs;)
198. ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fspy; Ie;J tiffs; cz;L? mit ahit?
1. epa+l;Nuh/gpy;fs; (eLtikr; nry;fs;)
2. ,ahrpdh/gpy;fs; (,NahrpNdw;gpfs;)
3. NgNrh/gpy;fs; (fhur;rha Nkw;gpfs;)
4. ypk;Nghirl;Lfs; (epzePh;r; nry;fs;)
5. NkhNdhirl;Lfs; (xw;iwr; nry;fs;)
199. ,uj;j gpNsl;nyl;fspd; 2 tiffs; vd;d?
1. JNuhk;Nghirl;Lfs; 2. JNuhk;Nghrp];;
200. JNuhk;NghifNd]; Njhd;Wjy; - ghjpg;G my;yJ fhakile;j jpRf;fs; ypg;Ngh
GNuhl;Bd;fisAk;> gh];Nghypg;gpLfisAk; ntspNaw;Wfpd;wd. ,tw;Wf;F ngah;
vd;d?
jpRf;fhuzpfs; my;yJ JNuhk;Nghgpsh];bd;
201. JNuhk;Nghgpsh];bd; fhuzpfs; ve;j nghUisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd?
JNuhk;NghifNd]; my;yJ GNuhJNuhk;gpd;
202. ,uj;jf; Foha;fspDs; ,uj;jk; ciwjYf;F ngah; vd;d?
JNuhk;Nghrp];
203. ,jaj;jirj; jkdpfspDs; ,uj;jf; fl;b Vw;gbd; mjw;F ngah; vd;d?
NfhNuhdhp JNuhk;Nghrp];
204. ,uj;jf; fl;bapd; xU rpW Jzpf;if ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; ,lk; ngah;e;jhy;
mjw;F vd;d ngah;?
vk;Nghy];
xUq;fpizT cWg;Gfspd; njhFg;Gfs;
205. N`hkpNah];Nl]p]; vd;why; vd;d?
midj;J caphpfSk; clypDs; epiyahd nray;ghLfisf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. #o;epiy khWghl;lhYk; epiyj;j jd;ikiag;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,jw;F N`hkpNah];Nl]p]; vd;W ngah;.
206. ghY}l;bfspd;> ,U xUq;fpizT njhFg;Gfspd; ngah;fs; vd;d?
1. euk;G cWg;Gfspd; njhFg;G 2. Ntjpa xUq;fpizT (ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;)

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