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Solids For Which Volume 1/3 BH

The document discusses solids whose volume is equal to 1/3 the product of the base area and altitude. Specifically, it describes pyramids and cones. It provides formulas for calculating the volume of these shapes, which is V=1/3Bh. It then focuses on pyramids, defining their components and properties. Regular pyramids have specific formulas given for calculating volumes, lateral areas, and more based on attributes like the base radius and slant height. Examples are included to demonstrate using the formulas.

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James Phillip Custodio
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
473 views

Solids For Which Volume 1/3 BH

The document discusses solids whose volume is equal to 1/3 the product of the base area and altitude. Specifically, it describes pyramids and cones. It provides formulas for calculating the volume of these shapes, which is V=1/3Bh. It then focuses on pyramids, defining their components and properties. Regular pyramids have specific formulas given for calculating volumes, lateral areas, and more based on attributes like the base radius and slant height. Examples are included to demonstrate using the formulas.

Uploaded by

James Phillip Custodio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLIDS FOR WHICH VOLUME = 1/3 BH

This is a group of solids in which the volume is equal to one-third of the product
of base area and altitude. There are two solids that belong to this group;
the pyramid and the cone.

Like cylinder and prism, the name of pyramid and cone is according to the shape
of the base. If the base is pentagon, the pyramid is called pentagonal pyramid,
and if the base is circle, the cone is called circular cone. The formula for the
volume of these solids is
𝑉= 𝐴 ℎ

PYRAMID
A Pyramid is a polyhedron of which one face is any number of sides and the
other daces are triangles which have a common vertex.
The base of the pyramid is the face formed by the polygon. The triangular faces
are called the lateral faces. The intersections of the lateral faces are called lateral edges.
The common vertex of the lateral faces is the vertex or apex of the pyramid. The segment
joining the vertex perpendicular to the base is the altitude of the pyramid.

Pyramids are named according to their bases. A pyramid is triangular,


quadrangular, pentagonal, and so forth, accordingly if its base is a triangle, quadrilateral,
pentagon and so on.

Properties of a Pyramid
1. The lateral faces are all triangles meeting at the vertex of the pyramid.

2. The altitude of the pyramid is shortest distance between the vertex and the
base. It is the drop distance from the vertex perpendicular to the base.
3. If a cutting plane parallel to the base will pass through the pyramid, the smaller
𝟐
pyramid thus formed is similar to the original pyramid. By similar solids, = 𝟐

4. If two pyramids have equal base area and equal altitude, any section made by
a cutting plane parallel to the base are equal. From the figure, if 𝐴 =
𝐴 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴 = 𝐴
5. The pyramid is said to be a right pyramid if the vertex is directly above the
centroid of the base, otherwise it is an oblique pyramid
Formulas:

Lateral Area, AL
The lateral area of the pyramid is equal to the sum of the areas of lateral
faces that are triangles. There is no specific formula for this except for right regular
pyramids.
Total Area, AT
𝐴 = 𝐴 + 𝐴
Volume, V

𝑉= 𝐴 ℎ

Regular Pyramid
A regular pyramid is one whose base is a regular polygon whose center coincides
with the foot of the perpendicular dropped from the vertex to the base.

Properties of a
Regular Pyramid
1. The edges of a regular
pyramid are equal; it is
denoted by e.
2. The lateral faces of a
regular pyramid are
congruent isosceles
triangles (see figure).
3. The altitudes of the
lateral faces of a regular
pyramid are equal. It is
the slant height of the regular pyramid and is denoted by L.
4. The altitude of the regular pyramid is perpendicular to the base. It is equal to
length of the axis and is denoted by h.
5. The vertex of regular pyramid is directly above the center of its base when the
pyramid is oriented as shown in the figure.
6. If a cutting plane is passed parallel to the base of regular pyramid, the pyramid
cut off is a regular pyramid similar to the original pyramid.

Formula for regular pyramid


Area of the base (note: the base is a regular polygon), Ab
n
A = xr
2
n
A = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2
Area of one Lateral Face, A1
1
𝐴 = ( )𝑥𝐿
2
Lateral Area, AL
𝐴 = 𝑛𝐴
n
A = xL
2
𝑃𝐿
𝐴 =
2
Total Area, AT
𝐴 =𝐴 +𝐴
Length of lateral edge, e
𝑒 = √(𝑅 + ℎ )
Slant height, L
𝐿 = √(𝑟 + ℎ )
𝑥
𝐿 = √(𝑒 − ( ) )
2
Volume, V
1
𝑉= 𝐴 ℎ
3
𝑛
𝑉 = 𝑥𝑟ℎ
6
𝑛
𝑉 = 𝑅 ℎ𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
6
Where
Ab = area of the base (regular polygon)
A1 = area of one lateral face
AL = lateral area
AT = total area
x = length of side of the base
h = altitude of pyramid (this is the length of axis of the pyramid)
L = slant height of pyramid (this is the altitude of triangular face)
P = perimeter of the base
e = length of lateral edge

Examples:
1. A closed pyramid with square base has a base edge of 6m and an altitude of
4m. Find the ff:
a. Volume
1 1
𝑉 = 𝐴 ℎ = (6 )(4)
3 3
𝑉 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟑
b. Lateral Surface area

1
𝐿𝑆𝐴 = 𝑥𝐿 ∗ 4
2

𝐿= 3 +4 =5

1
𝐿𝑆𝐴 = (6)(5) ∗ 4
2

𝐿𝑆𝐴 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝟐

c. Total Surface Area


𝑇𝑆𝐴 = 𝐿𝑆𝐴 + 𝐴
= 60 + 6
= 𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟐

2. A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge which measures 10cm.
The length of one side of its base is 6cm. Find the

a) altitude (Ans. 8cm)


b) slant height (Ans. 9.54cm)
c) volume (Ans. 249.42 cm3)
d) total surface area (Ans. 265.24 cm2)
3. In the corner of a cellar is a pyramid heap of coal. The base of the heap is an
isosceles right triangle whose hypotenuse is 20 ft. and the altitude of the heap is 7
ft. If there are 35 cubic feet in a ton of coal, how many tons are there in this heap?

Answer: 6.67 tons

4. Find the volume and total surface area of a rectangular pyramid with a base
dimensions 6 cm and 12 cm. The altitude of the pyramid is 10 cm.

Answer: V = 240 cm3 ; TSA = 267.26 cm2

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