AP2953A Chipown

3A, 18V Synchronous Rectified

Step-Down Converter
Description Features

The AP2953A is a monolithic synchronous buck regulator.  3A Output Current

The device integrates 100mΩ MOSFETS that provide 3A  Wide 4.75V to 18V Operating Input Range
continuous load current over a wide operating input voltage  Integrated 100mΩ Power MOSFET Switches
of 4.75V to 18V. Current mode control provides fast transient  Output Adjustable from 0.925V to 15V
response and cycle-by-cycle current limit.  Up to 95% Efficiency
An adjustable soft-start prevents inrush current at turn-on. In  Programmable Soft-Start
shutdown mode, the supply current drops below 1μA.  Stable with Low ESR Ceramic Output Capacitors
This device, available in an 8-pin SOP package, provides a  Fixed 370KHz Frequency
very compact system solution with minimal reliance on  Cycle-by-Cycle Over Current Protection
external components.  Input Under Voltage Lockout
 Thermally Enhanced 8-Pin SOP Package

Applications Package
 Distributed Power Systems SOP8-PP
 Networking Systems
 FPGA, DSP, ASIC Power Supplies
 Green Electronics/ Appliances 8
 Notebook Computers
2 7

3 6

4 5

Typical Application Circuit

Vout=5V
100
90
80
70
Efficy(%)

60
50
40
30
20 Vin=12V
10 Vin=18V
Vin=9V
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Load(mA)

Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit Figure 2. Typical Efficiency Curve

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(1) (2)
Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions
Supply Voltage (VIN)..................................-0.3V to 20V Input Voltage (VIN) ........................................ 4.75V to 18V
Output Voltage (VSW) .................................... 0.925 to 15V
Switch Voltage (VSW)......................–1V to VIN + 0.3V
Operating Temperature...................................–20℃to +85℃
Bootstrap Voltage (VBS) ..........Vsw-0.3V to VSW + 6V
Enable/UVLO Voltage (VEN)....................–0.3V to +6V Thermal Resistance(3) θJA θJC
Comp Voltage (VCOMP) ..........................–0.3V to +6V
Feedback Voltage (VFB) ...........................–0.3V to +6V SOP8-PP ...................................... 50...... 10... ℃/W
Junction Temperature .................................... +150℃
Notes:
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s)................... +260℃ 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device.
2) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its
Storage Temperature....................... –55°C to +150℃ operating conditions.
3) Measured on approximately 1”square of 1 oz copper.

Electrical Characteristics
VIN = 12V, TA = +25℃, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units
Shutdown Supply Current VEN ≤ 0.3V 0.3 3 µA
Supply Current VEN = 2.0V, VFB = 1.0V 1.3 1.5 mA
Feedback Voltage 4.75V≤VIN ≤18V 900 925 950 mV
Feedback Overvoltage Threshold 1.1 V
Error Amplifier Voltage 480 V/V
Error Amplifier Transconductance ΔIC = ±10μA 800 µA/V
High-Side Switch-On Resistance 100 mΩ
Low-Side Switch-On Resistance 100 mΩ
High-Side Switch Leakage VEN = 0V, VSW = 0V 0 10 µA
Upper Switch Current Limit 4 6 A
Lower Switch Current Limit 0.9 A
COMP to Current Sense Transconductance 5.2 А/V
Oscillator Frequency 310 370 390 KHz
Short Circuit Frequency VFB = 0V 150 KHz
Maximum Duty Cycle VFB = 1.0V 90 %
Minimum On Time 220 nS
EN Shutdown Threshold Voltage VEN Rising 1.1 1.3 1.5 V
EN Shutdown Threshold Voltage Hysterisis 200 mV
EN Lockout Threshold Voltage 2.2 2.5 2.7 V
EN Lockout Hysterisis 210 mV
Input UVLO Threshold Rising VIN Rising 3.8 4.05 4.4 V
Input UVLO Threshold Hysteresis 210 mV
Soft-start Current VSS = 0V 6 µA
Soft-start Period CSS = 0.1μF 15 ms
Thermal Shutdown 160 °C

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AP2953A Chipown
Ordering Information
Part number Mark1 Package Temperature
2953A
AP2953AS8PT –20℃to +85℃
YYWW1 SOP8-PP& IC tube
2953A
AP2953AS8PR –20℃to +85℃
YYWW1 SOP8-PP& Embossed tape
1． Y=year
W=week

Pin Configuration

2 7

3 6

4 5

Pin Description
Pin # Name Description
High-Side Gate Drive Boost Input. BS supplies the drive for the high-side N-Channel
1 BS MOSFET switch. Connect a 0.01μF or greater capacitor from SW to BS to power the high
side switch.
Power Input. IN supplies the power to the IC, as well as the step-down converter switches.
2 IN Drive IN with a 4.75V to 18V power source. Bypass IN to GND with a suitably large
capacitor to eliminate noise on the input to the IC. See Input Capacitor.
Power Switching Output. SW is the switching node that supplies power to the output.
Connect the output LC filter from SW to the output load. Note that a capacitor is required
3 SW
from SW to BS to power the high-side switch.

4 GND Ground (Connect Exposed Pad to Pin 4).

Feedback Input. FB senses the output voltage to regulate that voltage. Drive FB with a
resistive voltage divider from the output voltage. The feedback threshold is 0.925V. See
5 FB
Setting the Output Voltage.

Compensation Node. COMP is used to compensate the regulation control loop. Connect
a series RC network from COMP to GND to compensate the regulation control loop. In
6 COMP
some cases, an additional capacitor from COMP to GND is required. See Compensation
Components.
Enable Input. EN is a digital input that turns the regulator on or off. Drive EN high to turn
7 EN
on the regulator, drive it low to turn it off. Pull up with 100kΩ resistor for automatic startup.
Soft-Start Control Input. SS controls the soft-start period. Connect a capacitor from SS to
8 SS GND to set the soft-start period. A 0.1μF capacitor sets the soft-start period to 15ms. To
disable the soft-start feature, leave SS unconnected.

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AP2953A Chipown
Functional Description The converter uses internal N-Channel MOSFET switches to
The AP2953A is a synchronous rectified, current-mode, step-down the input voltage to the regulated output voltage. Since
step-down regulator. It regulates input voltages from 4.75V the high side MOSFET requires a gate voltage greater than the
to 18V down to an output voltage as low as 0.925V, and input voltage, a boost capacitor connected between SW and BS is
supplies up to 3A of load current. needed to drive the high side gate. The boost capacitor is charged
The AP2953A uses current-mode control to regulate the from the internal 5V rail when SW is low.
output voltage. The output voltage is measured at FB through When the AP2953A FB pin exceeds 20% of the nominal
a resistive voltage divider and amplified through the internal regulation voltage of 0.925V, the over voltage comparator is
transconductance error amplifier. The voltage at the COMP tripped and the COMP pin and the SS pin are discharged to GND,
pin is compared to the switch current measured internally to forcing the high-side switch off.
control the output voltage.

Figure 3 –Functional Block Diagram

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Application Information voltage, fS is the switching frequency, and ΔIL is the peak-
to-peak inductor ripple current.
Component Selection Choose an inductor that will not saturate under the maximum
Setting the Output Voltage inductor peak current. The peak inductor current can be
The output voltage is set using a resistive voltage divider calculated by:
from the output voltage to FB (see Typical Application
circuit on page 1). The voltage divider divides the output
voltage down by the ratio:
Where ILOAD is the load current.
The choice of which style inductor to use mainly depends on
the price vs. size requirements and any EMI requirements.
Where VFB is the feedback voltage and VOUT is the
output voltage. Optional Schottky Diode
Thus the output voltage is:
During the transition between high-side switch and low-side
switch, the body diode of the lowside power MOSFET
conducts the inductor current. The forward voltage of this
R2 can be as high as 100kΩ, but a typical value is 10kΩ.
body diode is high. An optional Schottky diode may be
Using the typical value for R2, R1 is determined by:
paralleled between the SW pin and GND pin to improve
overall efficiency. Table 2 lists example Schottky diodes and
their Manufacturers.
For example, for a 3.3V output voltage, R2 is 10kΩ, and R1
is 26.1kΩ. Table 1 lists recommended resistance values of R1
and R2 for standard output voltages.

Input Capacitor

The input current to the step-down converter is discontinuous,

therefore a capacitor is required to supply the AC current to the
Inductor step-down converter while maintaining the DC input voltage.
Use low ESR capacitors for the best performance. Ceramic
The inductor is required to supply constant current to the capacitors are preferred, but tantalum or low-ESR electrolytic
output load while being driven by the switched input voltage. capacitors may also suffice. Choose X5R or X7R dielectrics
A larger value inductor will result in less ripple current that when using ceramic capacitors. Since the input capacitor
will result in lower output ripple voltage. However, the larger absorbs the input switching current it requires an adequate
value inductor will have a larger physical size, higher series ripple current rating. The RMS current in the input capacitor
resistance, and/or lower saturation current. A good rule for can be estimated by:
determining the inductance to use is to allow the peak-to-peak
ripple current in the inductor to be approximately 30% of the
maximum switch current limit. Also, make sure that the peak
inductor current is below the maximum switch current limit.
The inductance value can be calculated by: The worst-case condition occurs at VIN = 2VOUT, where
ICIN = ILOAD/2. For simplification, choose the input
capacitor whose RMS current rating greater than half of the
maximum load current. The input capacitor can be electrolytic,
tantalum or ceramic. When using electrolytic or tantalum
Where VOUT is the output voltage, VIN is the input capacitors, a small, high quality ceramic capacitor, i.e. 0.1μF,

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AP2953A Chipown
should be placed as close to the IC as possible. When using sense transconductance and RLOAD is the load resistor value.
ceramic capacitors, make sure that they have enough The system has two poles of importance. One is due to the
capacitance to provide sufficient charge to prevent excessive compensation capacitor (C3) and the output resistor of the
voltage ripple at input. The input voltage ripple for low ESR error amplifier, and the other is due to the output capacitor
capacitors can be estimated by: and the load resistor. These poles are located at:

Where C1 is the input capacitance value.

Output Capacitor
The output capacitor is required to maintain the DC output Where GEA is the error amplifier transconductance.
voltage. Ceramic, tantalum, or low ESR electrolytic
capacitors are recommended. Low ESR capacitors are The system has one zero of importance, due to the
preferred to keep the output voltage ripple low. The output compensation capacitor (C3) and the compensation resistor
voltage ripple can be estimated by: (R3). This zero is located at:

Where C2 is the output capacitance value and RESR is the The system may have another zero of importance, if the output
equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of the output capacitor. capacitor has a large capacitance and/or a high ESR value. The
In the case of ceramic capacitors, the impedance at the zero, due to the ESR and capacitance of the output capacitor, is
switching frequency is dominated by the capacitance. The located at:
output voltage ripple is mainly caused by the capacitance. For
simplification, the output voltage ripple can be estimated by:

In this case (as shown in Figure 4), a third pole set by the
In the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the ESR compensation capacitor (C6) and the compensation resistor
dominates the impedance at the switching frequency. For (R3) is used to compensate the effect of the ESR zero on the
simplification, the output ripple can be approximated to: loop gain. This pole is located at:

The characteristics of the output capacitor also affect the The goal of compensation design is to shape the converter
stability of the regulation system. The AP2953A can be transfer function to get a desired loop gain. The system
optimized for a wide range of capacitance and ESR values. crossover frequency where the feedback loop has the unity
gain is important. Lower crossover frequencies result in slower
Compensation Components line and load transient responses, while higher crossover
frequencies could cause system instability. A good rule of
AP2953A employs current mode control for easy thumb is to set the crossover frequency below one-tenth of the
compensation and fast transient response. The system stability switching frequency.
and transient response are controlled through the COMP pin. To optimize the compensation components, the following
COMP pin is the output of the internal transconductance error procedure can be used.
amplifier. A series capacitor-resistor combination sets a
pole-zero combination to control the characteristics of the 1. Choose the compensation resistor (R3) to set the desired
control system. crossover frequency. Determine the R3 value by the following
The DC gain of the voltage feedback loop is given by: equation:

Where fC is the desired crossover frequency which is typically

Where VFB is the feedback voltage, 0.925V;
below one tenth of the switching frequency.
AVEA is the error amplifier voltage gain; GCS is the current
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AP2953A Chipown
2. Choose the compensation capacitor (C3) to achieve the External Bootstrap Diode
desired phase margin. For applications with typical inductor
values, setting the compensation zero, fZ1, below one-forth of An external bootstrap diode may enhance the efficiency of the
the crossover frequency provides sufficient phase margin. regulator, the applicable conditions of external BS diode are:
Determine the C3 value by the following equation: ● VOUT is 5V or 3.3V; and
● Duty cycle is high: D=VOUT/VIN >65%
In these cases, an external BS diode is recommended from the
output of the voltage regulator to BS pin, as shown in Figure4
Where R3 is the compensation resistor.

3. Determine if the second compensation capacitor (C6) is

required. It is required if the ESR zero of the output capacitor
is located at less than half of the switching frequency, or the
following relationship is valid:

If this is the case, then add the second compensation

capacitor (C6) to set the pole fP3 at the location of the ESR Figure 4 Add Optional External Bootstrap Diode to
zero. Determine the C6 value by the equation: Enhance Efficiency
The recommended external BS diode is IN4148, and the BS
cap is 0.1~1µF.

Typical Performence Characteristics

Short circuit test (Channel3:ISW, Channel2:VO) soft-start (Channel1:EN, Channel2:VO)

Transient response (Channel3:ISW, Channel2:VO) Ripple

Typical Application Circuits

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AP2953A Chipown

Figure 3— AP2953A with 3.3V output, 2X22uF Ceramic Output Capacitor

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Package Information

Important Notice
Chipown Microelectronics Co. Ltd. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products or specifications
herein. Chipown Microelectronics Co. Ltd. does not assume any responsibility for use of any its products for any particular
purpose, nor does Chipown Microelectronics Co. Ltd assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any its
products or circuits. Chipown Microelectronics Co. Ltd does not convey any license under its patent rights or other rights nor the
rights of others.

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