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Assignment 2 PDF

This document contains a physics assignment with multiple questions about quantum mechanics concepts like bra-ket notation, matrix representations of quantum states, operators, and properties like hermiticity. The questions cover topics like representing quantum states as matrices, orthonormality of basis sets, matrix representations of operators like the Pauli spin matrices and Hadamard matrix, conditions for operators to be Hermitian, and evaluating commutators and anticommutators of operators.

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57 views

Assignment 2 PDF

This document contains a physics assignment with multiple questions about quantum mechanics concepts like bra-ket notation, matrix representations of quantum states, operators, and properties like hermiticity. The questions cover topics like representing quantum states as matrices, orthonormality of basis sets, matrix representations of operators like the Pauli spin matrices and Hadamard matrix, conditions for operators to be Hermitian, and evaluating commutators and anticommutators of operators.

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PHY431A–Assignment 2 Total Marks: 10

Department of Physics, IIT–Kanpur Answer all questions


Due Date: Sept 14, 2020

Please write all the parts of a question at one place.


   
0 1
1. |0i and |1i ket vectors can be represented as column matrix and respectively.
1 0  
Similarly h0| and h1| bra vectors can be represented as row matrix 0 1 and 1 0
respectively.
(a) Evaluate h0|0i, h1|0i, h0|1i, h1|1i. Is {|0i , |1i} basis set orthonormal?
(b) Express |ψi = a |0i + ib |1i in matrix form (a, b are real constants). Calculate hψ|ψi
and |ψihψ|.
(c) Evaluate M1 = |1ih1|, M2 = |0ih0|, M3 = |1ih0|, M4 = |0ih1|. Can {M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 } be
a basis set for constructing any 2x2 matrix?
     
0 1 0 −i 1 0
(d) Write the Pauli Spin matrices σx = , σy = , σz = and
  1 0 i 0 0 −1
1 0
1= in terms of M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 .
0 1
(e) Prove that σx , σy , σz are hermitian and σx2 = σy2 = σz2 = 1.
(f) Obtain σx |1i, σx |0i, σy |1i, σy |0i, σz |1i, σz |0i.
 
1 1 1
(g) The Hadamard matrix, H = √ . Compute H |1i, H |0i. What is the
2 1 −1
difference in the nature of operation between σ’s and H on |0i and |1i?
2. (a) Show that the sum of two Hermitian operators is hermitian.
(b) Suppose Q̂ is hermitian, and α is a complex number. Under what condition (on α)
(αQ̂) is hermitian ?
(c) When is the product of two hermitian operators hermitian?
(d) Show that Position (x̂) and Hamiltonian (Ĥ) operators are hermitian.
3. (a) Prove the following commutator-anticommutator relation: [AB, CD]= −AC{D, B}+
A{C, B}D − C{D, A}B + {C, A}DB.
(b) Prove the following commutator identity: [AB, C] = A[B, C] + [A, C]B
4. Consider a three-dimensional vector space spanned by an orthonormal basis |0i , |1i , |2i.
Two ket vectors defines as |αi = i |0i − 2 |1i − i |2i and |βi = i |1i + 2 |2i.
(a) Find hα|βi and hβ|αi and conform that hα|βi = hβ|αi∗
(b) Find all the matrix elements of the operator  = |αihβ| in this basis and construct
the matrix A. Is A hermitian?

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