New

syllabus
2020-21

Chapter 3
software

Informatics Practices
Class XI ( As per CBSE Board)

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 Software

Software - is an organized instructions/code written by

programmers using any of various special computer
languages for specific purpose.
Purpose:
• Main purpose of software is to convert data into information
• In business decision making
• Scientific investigation and engineering problem solving
• To run embedded system(t.v.,auto. washing machine,dvd player
etc.)
• Office automation
• Education

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 Software

Types of software:
(1)Application software: It handles specialized/ common
tasks a user wants to perform, such as banking, hotel
management, any data processing, word processing etc.
(2)System software: controls the basic functions of a
computer & hides complexity of computer system from
user and application software. E.g. Operating System,
Compiler, Interpret etc.
(3)Utility software: Which helps to manage, maintain and
control computer resources. E.g. are antivirus software,
backup software and disk tools.
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 Software

(1) System software

OPERATING SYSTEM
An Operating System (OS) is a system
program that controls and manages the
computer resources(resource manager)
so that application software can run on
it.
Example: Microsoft Windows, Solaris,
Linux, MAC OS,Ubuntu, Apple’s i-Phone
OS etc.

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 Software

HOW OPERATING SYSTEM WORKS

In any computer or mobile device, the operating system
can be termed as the back bone when it comes to
software. This is because it has to be there before other
programs can be run.It works as a middleman
(interface) between machine and user.
At the simplest level, an operating system does two
things:
• It manages the hardware resources of the computer
system. These resources include such things as the
processor, memory, disk space, etc.
• It provides a stable, consistent way for applications to
deal with the hardware without having to know all the
details of the hardware.
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 Software

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

• Processor management
Loads, schedules and execute process/programs.
• Memory management
Allocates /De-allocation of memory for program execution.
• Device management
Communicate and controls various I/O devices.
• Storage management
Manages and controls the storage device to provide space to
program for execution & data save.
• Application interface
API/drivers provide a way for applications to make use of hardware
• User interface
structure for interaction between a user and the computer
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 Software

TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM

* Single-User, Single Task Operating System:
These operating systems work on single task & single user at a time.E.g. DOS
* Single-User, Multi-Task Operating System:
These operating systems works on more than one task and process them concurrently at a
time.E.g. windows 95 or later version of windows
* Multiuser Operating System:
In these OS, multiple users are allowed to access the same data or information at a time via
a network. E.g. Unix,Linux,Windows7.
* Multiprocessing Operating System:
Here, a single process runs on two or more processors. All the processing and their
management takes place in a parallel way, hence this OS are also called as Parallel
Processing. E.g. Linux, UNIX and Windows 7.
* Embedded Operating System:
These are embedded in a device, which is located in ROM.E.g. OS of microwaves,washing
machine.
* Distributed Operating System:
In these OS, the computers work in co-operation with each other.
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 Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE/PROGRAMMING SOFTWARES
Language processor/Programming Language
As the computer understand machine language(0/1) where as Humans understand
High level/Human Lang.
Language Processors does the conversion task(high level to machine lang.)
These are of 3 types Language processors
1.Compilers-It convert high-level language code to machine code in one session. It
takes time because it have to translate high-level code to lower-level machine
language all at once and then save the executable object code to memory.
2. Interpreters-It translates code like a compiler but reads the code and immediately
executes that code, and therefore it is initially faster than a compiler.
3. Assemblers-It translates an assembly language program into machine language.
One-pass assemblers go through the source code once. Any symbol used before it is
defined will require "errata" at the end of the object telling the linker or the loader to
"go back" and overwrite a placeholder which had been left where the as yet
undefined symbol was used.
Multi-pass assemblers create a table with all symbols and their values in the first
passes, then use the table in later passes to generate code.
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 Software

Difference between Compiler and Interpreter:

S.N
COMPILER INTERPRETER
O.
Scans the whole program in one Translates program one statement
1.
go. at a time.
the errors (if any) are shown at
2. errors are shown line by line.
the end together.
Due to interpreters being slow in
Main advantage of compilers is
3. executing the object code, it is
it’s execution time.
preferred less.
It doesn’t convert the instructions
It converts the the instructions
4. instead it directly works on source
into systematic code.
language.
5 E.g. C, C++, C# etc. E.g. Python, Ruby, Perl, MATLAB etc.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
These are ready to use software for daily use purpose
e.g. word processor,spread sheet,presention,DBMS etc.
* Specific Purpose application software
Softwares which are designed for specific task
e.g. Payroll,Hotel Mgmt,Hospital Mgmt,Stock Mgmt etc.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
1. Word Processing Packages:
is a software which is used to process text. It allows the
user to type, view, edit, manipulate, store and retrieve
text material. With word processors we can create well
formatted documents that may contain text and even
graphics. We can create letters, statements, leaflets etc
with a word-processing package.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
2. Electronic Spreadsheets
is a software tool for manipulating data in tabular form.
A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns. The
intersections of rows and columns are called cells.
In a spreadsheet cell, text, numbers or formulas can be
entered. Any formula entered is automatically
evaluated and displayed by the program.

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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
3. Graphics and Multimedia Packages
Are software designed for creating and manipulating
images using a computer. Drawings, graphics and
pictures can be created and edited using graphic
Software.
Adobe photoshop, Paintshop pro, Ulead photo impact
etc. are popular image editing software for the windows
environment.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
4. Database Management Systems
is a software used to manipulate large volumes of data
stored in well organized manner, called a database. A
database is a repository of related collections of data.
For example, a company database might contain
information about customers, suppliers, employees,
sales and inventory.The DBMS stores data in a way that
allows it to access those data at any time.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* General/Generic Purpose application software
5. Desk Top Publishing (DTP) Packages :
DTP packages can be used for creating professional
quality documents and publications.DTP software
integrates the processes of design, typesetting and
pasteup into one task down. Through DTP We can
create an entire publication such as a textbook on a PC.
Examples of DTP Packages are Aldus PageMaker,
CorelDraw, Microsoft publisher etc. Some examples of
Indian, multilingual packages are, prakashak, Lipi, ISM,
Patrika etc.
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 Software

(2) Application software

* Specific Purpose application software
Softwares which are designed for specific task.E.g.
• Payroll- for employee salary purpose
• Medical store management
• Hospital management
• Hotel management
• Library management
• Airline/Railway/Bus reservation system
• Stock/Inventory management
• And there may be many more
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 Software

(3) Utility software

that assist OS in carrying out certain specialized tasks are
called utility software.
 Antivirus - An anti-virus scans the system for any virus
and if detected, gets rid of it by deleting or isolating it.
 Compression tools - Compression tools are utilities
that assist operating systems in shortening files so that
they take less space.

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 Software

(3) Utility software

 Disk Cleanup - Disk cleanup tools assist users in freeing up disk
space.
 Disk Defragmenter - Disk defragmenter is a disk management
utility that increases file access speeds by rearranging
fragmented files on contiguous locations.
 Backup - Backup utility enables backing up of files, folders,
databases or complete disks.
 File management tools - Utility software providing regular file
management tasks like browse, search, update, preview, etc. are
called file management tools.
 Restore – This utility restores the backup earlier taken.

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