DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

II CYCLE TEST

CODE: EC515 REG. No: EC17B1003

DEGREE : B.TECH (ECE) SEMESTER: VI (2020-2021)

SUBJECT : Mobile Communication DATE : 3/12/2020

MAX.MARKS: 20 DURATION: 90 minutes

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

(1) Find the median path loss using Okumura’s model for d = 50 km, hte = 100 m, hre = 10m in
a suburban environment. If base station transmitter radiates EIRP of 1 kW at a carrier frequency
of 900 MHz, find the power at the receiver (assume a unity gain receiving antenna).

-95.04 dBm

(4 marks)

(2). If the heights of transmitting and receiving antennas are 40 m and 3 m respectively. TXR
and RXR separation is 16 km in a dense urban mobile environment. Determine the propagation
path loss for a radio signal at 900 MHz using Hata mode.

162.28 dB
(4 marks)

3. If a normal GSM time slot consists of 8 trailing bits, 12 guard bits, 26 synchronization Bits
and three bursts of 58 bits of data, find the frame efficiency of GSM TDMA frame.

79.09%

(4 marks)

4. Given an indoor path loss model of the form

PL (d) dB = 40 + 20 log (d) + FAF + PAF

where d is measured in meters, find the mean received power inside the building if FAF (Floor
Attenuation Factor = 15 dB & PAF (Partition Attenuation Factor) = 30 dB. Assume the
transmitter radiates 20dBm and unity gain antennas are used at both the transmitter and receiver,
and that the straight-line path between transmitter and receiver is 15 m through the floors.
-88.52 dBm

(4 marks)

5. Explain about 1. GSM 2. CDMA 2000 (4 marks)

GSM: Global Mobile System (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard intended to
cater voice and data transmission services using digital modulation and also to solve the
fragmentation problems in the world’s first cellular systems in Europe. GSM provides basic to
advanced voice and data services including roaming service. Roaming is the ability to use your
GSM phone number in another GSM network.

GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides every 200 kHz channel into eight 25 kHz time-
slots. GSM runs on the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz satellite contact frequencies in most parts of
the country. In the US, GSM operates in the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. GSM follows
ISDN guidelines and are classified as either tele-services or data services. GSM supports data
transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, allowing the transmission of basic data services such as SMS
(Short Message Service).

The GSM architecture has three major interconnected subsystems that interact between
themselves and with the user through certain network interfaces. They are: Base Station
Subsystem (BSS) (Radio subsystem), Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) and the
Operation Support Subsystem (OBS) . The Mobile Station (MS) is considered under BSS.

BSS provides and manages radio transmission paths between mobile stations and MSC. It also
manages radio interface between MS and other GSM subsystems. Each BSS has many Base
Station Controllers (BSC) which connect MS to NSS via MSC. NSS manages the switching
functions of the system and allows MSCs to communicate with other networks. OSS supports
operation and maintenance of GSM and allows troubleshooting.

The features of GSM include improved spectral efficiency, international roaming, low-cost
mobile sets and base stations (BSs), High-quality speech, Compatibility with Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services, support for new
services.

CDMA 2000: CDMA2000 represents a family of IMT-2000 (3G) standards providing high-
quality voice and broadband data services over wireless networks. It provides a number of
requirements for voice and data services: Voice-CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1X Advanced, Data-
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized). CDMA can accommodate high voice and
data traffic volumes. Rather than being restricted to a narrow channel structure, the CDMA
spreads signal across 1.25 MHz of a given frequency.

Currently, CDMA2000 includes CDMA2000 1X (1X) and CDMA2000 EV-DO (EV-DO)

standards. CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000) supports circuit-switched voice up to and beyond 35
simultaneous calls per sector and high-speed data of up to 153 kbps in both directions.
CDMA2000 EV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized) introduces new high-speed packet-switched
transmission techniques that are specifically designed and optimized for a data-centric
broadband network that can deliver peak data rates beyond 3 Mbps in a mobile environment.

CDMA-2000 supports mobile communications at speeds between 144Kbps and 2Mbps. It has
a packet core network (PCN) for high speed secured delivery of data packets. It applies
multicarrier modulation techniques to 3G networks. This gives higher data rate, greater
bandwidth and better voice quality. It is also backward compatible with older CDMA versions.
It has multi-mode, multi-band roaming features.

The key benefit of CDMA's capability is that it re-uses the same assigned frequency in every
sector of each cell. There is a seven cell repetition factor in IS-136 and analog cellular
networks, with three sectors. This means that only one out of every 21 channels is available for
each market. CDMA is designed to share the same frequency in each cell market. The method
is more effective for a person that uses CDMA 2000 coding than IS-95.

CDMA, which is based on the spread spectrum technique has following salient features :

 In CDMA, every channel uses the full available spectrum.

 Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence and then
transmitted using a wide frequency range.
 CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications,
allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time.
 CDMA is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built. For 3G, CDMA
uses 1x EV-DO and EV-DV.