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Lesson 14 Quiz: PART1 (ESSAY) - Please Summarize, Paraphrase, and Cite Sources

This document contains a quiz with multiple choice questions about John Rawls' theory of justice and three hypothetical cases analyzing whether they align with Rawls' principles of justice. It also includes an assignment prompt asking how humans should deal with the environment - as masters over it or as part of it. The student responds that humans are part of the environment and have a responsibility as caretakers to respect it and not deteriorate it in order to sustain life for future generations.

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Lyn Abuda
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523 views3 pages

Lesson 14 Quiz: PART1 (ESSAY) - Please Summarize, Paraphrase, and Cite Sources

This document contains a quiz with multiple choice questions about John Rawls' theory of justice and three hypothetical cases analyzing whether they align with Rawls' principles of justice. It also includes an assignment prompt asking how humans should deal with the environment - as masters over it or as part of it. The student responds that humans are part of the environment and have a responsibility as caretakers to respect it and not deteriorate it in order to sustain life for future generations.

Uploaded by

Lyn Abuda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 14 QUIZ

PART1 (ESSAY). Please summarize, paraphrase, and cite sources


1. What is Rawls’ criticism on Utilitarianism?
- One of John Rawls’s major aims, when he wrote A Theory of Justice, was to present a superior alternative to
utilitarianism. Rawls’s worry was that utilitarianism may fail to protect the fundamental rights and liberties of
persons in its attempt to maximize total social welfare. Rawls's major criticisms of utilitarianism are: first,
that "utilitarianism does not take seriously the distinction between persons"s and second,
that utilitarianism wrongly defines the "right" in terms of the "good"' when in fact "the concept of right is prior
to that of the good". Rawls argues that utilitarianism must be an objectionable creed, because if slavery or some
other system of extreme economic inequalities can produce a greater balance of happiness over unhappiness
than any alternative, utilitarianism condones or even commands these institutions, which we normally consider
quite unjust
Source: https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucljurev1&div=6&id=&page=

2. What does John Rawls mean by Justice as Fairness?


- John Rawls sees justice as the first virtue of a social institution. What is good is just, and what is just is good.
In order to attain the dream of every human person to live in a well- ordered society, the basic social structure
must then be just. To Rawls, justice is fairness. It is elucidated in these two principles of justice: first, the
Principles of Equal Liberty in which it stated that each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive
scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for others and, second, Principle
of Difference in which it stated that Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are both
reasonably expected to be to everyone’s advantage, and attached to positions and offices open to all.
Source:
Galeon et al., 2018, Ethics: The Grounds of Morality and the Search for the Good Life, Verbum Books

PART II (ANALYSIS). Choose and answer only ONE among the following.
Explain whether the following cases are in line with Rawls’ theory of Justice
CASE #1: Many organizations demand that there will be more women sitting in their board than men. Hence,
men are discouraged or are barred to apply or run as board member of the organization.
- In this particular case, this is pertaining to gender inequality which is quite evident in the Philippines
most especially a very long time ago. I chose this case because this is a best example of Rawls’ Theory
of Justice, particularly, one of his Principle of Justice which is the Principle of Equal Liberty. In this
principle, the Principle of Equal Liberty, affirms the importance of the equal right of all person to such
basic liberties as the right to suffrage and run for a particular position and this includes the position as a
board member of an organization. It is not just and fair to only let women to run as board member of the
organization and discouraged or barred men in running in the same position. The fact that one is born
rich or poor, female or male, more gifted or less gifted, etc. does not affect one’s substantive right to be
elected on his or her desired position in the organization or be favoured over another.

CASE #2: Some Policemen are more strict to black people and people of color than white people

CASE #3: Students who are fast learners deserve more learning tasks than those who are slow learners.

LESSON 16: ASSIGNMENT


How should you deal with the environment? Will you see yourselves as part of it or as
masters over it?

When we feel hungry, we grab something to eat. When we are thirsty, we’ll get something to drink and we breathe air so
we can live. The food, water and air are the things that sustain life and we all get this in our environment. An environment
is a sole factor for the existence of life on earth. Without it, there can be no life on earth. However, there are drastic
changes in our environment as time passed by and humans must do something about this before we run out of time.
POLLUTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING
These are some of the environmental problems that we are facing right now. Unfortunately, instead of taking good care of
environment we, humans, are the ones who are destroying it. In my own perspective, we, humans, are part of the
environment because we live in it, from it and with it. By means of this, we need to take care of our environment because
if we don’t it would be destroyed, or let’s just say to be in a bad state and we would have found it difficult to live today
and, probably, in the future. Being part of the environment entails responsibilities. We can deal with the environment
through or our responsibilities in the environment includes not deteriorating it, maintain cleanliness and orderliness, use
things that are not hazardous to the environment, recycle things and, most importantly, respect it. We have exploited the
world for too long and the consequences of doing so are everywhere. So, we must change how we influence the
environment.  We must respect the natural order of things and find a way to live accordingly.
In the book of Genesis, there we see that God made humans in his own image and that He gave them “dominion” over
every living thing upon the earth. Genesis 1:26-28 indicates more of a caretaking, stewardship role or as God’s
representative. These verses give us the responsibility to care of nature in a way that is consistent with God’s will. For me,
we, humans, don’t have to be masters over the environment. What all humans must do is to be a leader; A leader who
think first of others before himself, who think what is good for everyone and a leader who set a positive example for
others to follow by partaking in voluntary interactions with their peers and showing the community how to live more
meaningful and peaceful lives. We born in this environment and we will die in this environment. It is our duty to keep
clean our environment for the well- being and survival of humans and every leaving creature it is important to protect
nature.

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