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Block Diagram of Ecm

The document describes the basic components of a communication system: (1) an information source that produces a message, (2) an input transducer that converts the message into an electrical signal, (3) a transmitter that processes and transmits the signal, (4) a communication channel that provides a medium for signal transmission, (5) a receiver that reproduces the original signal, and (6) a destination that converts the signal back into its original form. It also discusses the types of communication channels and sources of noise interference in communication systems.

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Rojan Joy
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123 views4 pages

Block Diagram of Ecm

The document describes the basic components of a communication system: (1) an information source that produces a message, (2) an input transducer that converts the message into an electrical signal, (3) a transmitter that processes and transmits the signal, (4) a communication channel that provides a medium for signal transmission, (5) a receiver that reproduces the original signal, and (6) a destination that converts the signal back into its original form. It also discusses the types of communication channels and sources of noise interference in communication systems.

Uploaded by

Rojan Joy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Block Diagram of Communication System

The essential components of a communication system are information


source, input transducer, transmitter, communication channel, receiver
and destination.

(i) Information Source


As we know, a communication system serves to communicate a
message or information. This information originates in the information
source.

In general, there can be various messages in the form of words, group


of words, code, symbols, sound signal etc. However, out of these
messages, only the desired message is selected and communicated.

Therefore, we can say that the function of information source is to


produce required message which has to be transmitted.

(ii) Input Transducer


A transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another
form.

The message from the information source may or may not be electrical
in nature. In a case when the message produced by the information
source is not electrical in nature, an input transducer is used to convert
it into a time-varying electrical signal.
For example, in case of radio-broadcasting, a microphone converts the
information or massage which is in the form of sound waves into
corresponding electrical signal.

(iii) Transmitter
The function of the transmitter is to process the electrical signal from
different aspects.

This transmitter block involves several operations like amplification,


generation of high-frequency carrier signal, modulation and then
radiation of the modulated signal. The amplification process essentially
involves amplifying the signal amplitude values and also adding
required power levels. The high-frequency signal is essential for
carrying out an important operation called modulation. This high-
frequency signal is more commonly termed as carrier and is generated
by a stable oscillator. The carrier signal is characterized by the three
parameters amplitude, frequency and phase. The modulation process
involves varying one of these three parameters in accordance with the
variation of the message signal. The modulated signal from the
modulator is transmitted or radiated into the atmosphere using an
antenna
(iv) The Channel and The Noise
The term channel means the medium through which the message
travels from the transmitter to the receiver. In other words, we can say
that the function of the channel is to provide a physical connection
between the transmitter and the receiver.

There are two types of channels, namely point-to-point channels and


broadcast channels.

Example of point-to-point channels are wire lines, microwave links and


optical fibres. Wire-lines operate by guided electromagnetic waves and
they are used for local telephone transmission.

In case of microwave links, the transmitted signal is radiated as an


electromagnetic wave in free space. Microwave links are used in long
distance telephone transmission.

An optical fibre is a low-loss, well-controlled, guided optical medium.


Optical fibres are used in optical communications.

Although these three channels operate differently, they all provide a


physical medium for the transmission of signals from one point to
another point. Therefore, for these channels, the term point-to-point is
used.

On the other hand, the broadcast channel provides a capability where


several receiving stations can be reached simultaneously from a single
transmitter.

An example of a broadcast channel is a satellite in geostationary orbit,


which covers about one third of the earth’s surface.

During the process of transmission and reception the signal gets


distorted due to noise introduced in the system.

Noise is an unwanted signal which tend to interfere with the required


signal. Noise signal is always random in character. Noise may interfere
with signal at any point in a communication system. However, the noise
has its greatest effect on the signal in the channel.
(v) Receiver
The main function of the receiver is to reproduce the message signal in
electrical form from the distorted received signal. This reproduction of
the original signal is accomplished by a process known as the
demodulation or detection. Demodulation is the reverse process of
modulation carried out in transmitter.

(vi) Destination
Destination is the final stage which is used to convert an electrical
message signal into its original form.

For example, in radio broadcasting, the destination is a loudspeaker


which works as a transducer i.e. converts the electrical signal in the
form of original sound signal.

Baseband signals
Signals carrying actual information are called baseband signals. Examples
of baseband signals are signals from a telephone set, a computer
terminal, a television camera and even several such signals grouped
together.
The type of baseband is determined by the communication requirements
of the users. The main types of baseband signals used in satellite
communications are telephony, television and data. In a fixed satellite
service, baseband signals may be multiplexed telephonic signals in
analog or digital form, or data signals from computers.

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