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Chapter 5 PDF

The document summarizes the key topics and concepts covered in Chapter 5 of an applied calculus textbook, which includes calculating areas, volumes, and arc lengths using definite integrals. The chapter outlines calculating areas between curves or bounded regions, volumes using slicing methods like disk/washer, surfaces of revolution, and lengths of plane curves. Formulas are provided for finding the area between a curve and x- or y-axis, between two curves, and numerically using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules. Methods are also described for finding volumes by slicing solids into disks/washers and revolving areas into solids.

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Sarwan Nerway
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74 views21 pages

Chapter 5 PDF

The document summarizes the key topics and concepts covered in Chapter 5 of an applied calculus textbook, which includes calculating areas, volumes, and arc lengths using definite integrals. The chapter outlines calculating areas between curves or bounded regions, volumes using slicing methods like disk/washer, surfaces of revolution, and lengths of plane curves. Formulas are provided for finding the area between a curve and x- or y-axis, between two curves, and numerically using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules. Methods are also described for finding volumes by slicing solids into disks/washers and revolving areas into solids.

Uploaded by

Sarwan Nerway
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5:

Applications of Definite Integrals


Chapter objectives:
o Calculating areas, volumes between curves and arc lengths with definite
integrals, and
o Calculating areas of surfaces of revolution.
Chapter outlines:
 Area of bounded regions, area between curves, and area by numerical
integration,
 Volume by slicing:
 The Disk method
 The washer method,
 Volume by cylindrical shell method:
 Lengths of plane curves,
 Areas of surfaces of revolution.

Area of bounded regions


1. Area between a continuous curve and x-axis
Let y=f(x) be a continuous function defined on [a,b]

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2. Area between a continuous curve and y-axis

In certain problems it is easier to rewrite the function in terms of y and


calculate the area using horizontal elements. In this case the formula for the
area would be:
Let x=f(y) be a continuous function defined on [c, d]

square unit

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3. Area between curves

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Find the area of the region in previous example by integrating with
respect to y.

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Example

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Area under the curve by numerical integration
1. The Trapezoidal Rule

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2. The Simpson’s Rule: (Approximations Using Parabolas)

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Volumes by slicing and rotation about an x-axis

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Solution draw the wedge and sketch a typical cross-section perpendicular to the x-axis.
The area of this cross-section is

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Solids of Revolution: The Disk Method

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EXAMPLE
The region enclosed by the semicircle = √ − and the x-axis is revolved about the x-
axis to generate sphere. Find the volume.

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Solids of Revolution: The Washer Method

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1. Draw the region and sketch a line segment
across it Perpendicular to the axis
of revolution. The red segment in Figure.

2. Find the outer and inner radii of the washer


that would be swept out by the line segment .
if it were revolved about the x-axis
along with the region.

These radius are the distances of the ends


of the line segment from the axis of revolution

3. Find the limits of integration by finding


the x-coordinates of the intersection points
of the curve and line in Figure .

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