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To Measure Diameter of A Given Wire and Thickness of A Given Sheet Using Screw Gauge

This document describes how to use a screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire and the thickness of a sheet. The screw gauge has linear and circular scales used to take total readings which are then used to calculate the diameter/thickness by accounting for the least count of the screw gauge. Observations are recorded in tables and the mean is calculated. Precautions are outlined to minimize errors from factors like friction, back-lash, parallax. Sources of error include friction in the screw, back-lash, unequal scale divisions, and non-uniformity of the wire/sheet.

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Sandipan Chakraborty
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68K views4 pages

To Measure Diameter of A Given Wire and Thickness of A Given Sheet Using Screw Gauge

This document describes how to use a screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire and the thickness of a sheet. The screw gauge has linear and circular scales used to take total readings which are then used to calculate the diameter/thickness by accounting for the least count of the screw gauge. Observations are recorded in tables and the mean is calculated. Precautions are outlined to minimize errors from factors like friction, back-lash, parallax. Sources of error include friction in the screw, back-lash, unequal scale divisions, and non-uniformity of the wire/sheet.

Uploaded by

Sandipan Chakraborty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.

Aim
To measure diameter of a given wire using screw gauge.

Apparatus
Screw gauge, wire, half-metre scale and magnifying lens

Theory
1. If with the wire between plane faces A and B, the edge of the cap lies ahead of Mb
division of linear scale.
Then, linear scale reading (L.S.R.) = N.
If nth division of circular scale lies over reference line.
Then, circular scale reading (C.S.R.) = n x (L.C.) (L.C. is least count of screw gauge)
Total reading (T.R.) = L.S.R. + C.S.R. = N+n x (L.C.).
2. If D be the mean diameter and l be the mean length of the wire,Volume of the wire,

Diagram

Observations
1. Determination of Least Count of the Screw Gauge . 1 L.S.D. = 1 mm
Number of full rotations given to screw = 5
Distance moved by the screw = 5 mm
Hence, pitch p = 5 mm/5 = 1 mm
Number of divisions on circular scale = 100
Hence, least count, =1 mm/100 = 0.01 mm = 0.001 cm.
2. Zero Error=c= NIL

Table for diameter (D)

Sl No. LINEAR SCALE Circular Scale Reading Total Reading


READING (N) No of Circular Value Observed: Corrected reading:
Scale division [nx(L.C)]
on reference line 𝑫𝒐 = 𝑵 + 𝒏 × (𝑳. 𝑪) 𝑫 = 𝑫𝟎 + 𝒄
(n)

1 0 67 0.067 0.067 0.067

2 0 62 0.062 0.062 0.062

3 0 65 0.065 0.065 0.065

Mean= 0.065

Length of the wire= 5 cm

Diameter D= 0.065 cm

= 0.0165 cm3
To Measure Thickness of a Given Sheet Using Screw Gauge

Observations:

Thickness of the paper:

Sl No. LINEAR SCALE Circular Scale Reading Total Reading


READING (N) No of Circular Value Observed: Corrected reading:
Scale division [nx(L.C)]
on reference line 𝑫𝒐 = 𝑵 + 𝒏 × (𝑳. 𝑪) 𝑫 = 𝑫𝟎 + 𝒄
(n)

1 0 85 0.085 0.085 0.085

2 0 86 0.086 0.086 0.086

3 0 83 0.083 0.083 0.083

Mean= 0.085 cm

Thickness of the paper= 0.085 cm


Precautions

1. To avoid undue pressure; the screw should always be rotated by ratchet R and not
by cap K.
2. The screw should move freely without friction.
3. The zero correction, with proper sign should be noted very carefully and added
algebraically.
4. For same set of observations, the screw should be moved in the same direction to
avoid back-lash error of the screw.
5. At each place, the diameter of the wire should be measured in two perpendicular
directions and then the mean of the two be taken.
6. Readings should be taken at least for five different places equally spaced along the
whole length of the wire.
7. Error due to parallax should be avoided.

Sources of error

1. The screw may have friction.


2. The screw gauge may have back-lash error.
3. Circular scale divisions may not be of equal size.
4. The wire may not be uniform.

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