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Chapter 3. Exercises: 00 2 Ikx KX

This document contains 7 exercises related to quantum mechanics and particle physics. It provides the questions being asked in each exercise and the answers/solutions to each question in paragraph form. The answers range from calculating probabilities and energies to solving Schrodinger equations and determining transition wavelengths.

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How to do anything By Himanshu
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135 views

Chapter 3. Exercises: 00 2 Ikx KX

This document contains 7 exercises related to quantum mechanics and particle physics. It provides the questions being asked in each exercise and the answers/solutions to each question in paragraph form. The answers range from calculating probabilities and energies to solving Schrodinger equations and determining transition wavelengths.

Uploaded by

How to do anything By Himanshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3.

Exercises

1. Which of the following is not a solution y(x) of the differential equation


y 00 (x) + k 2 y(x) = 0 (k = constant): (i) sin(kx) (ii) cos(kx) (iii) eikx
(iv) e−kx (v) sin(kx + α) (α = constant).

2. For a particle in a 1-dimensional box, calculate the probability that the


particle will be found in the middle third of the box: L/3 ≤ x ≤ 2L/3.
From the general formula for arbitrary n, find the limiting value as n → ∞.

3. Predict the wavelength (in nm) of the lowest-energy electronic transition


in the following polymethine ion:

(CH3 )2 N+ = CH − CH = CH − CH = CH − N(CH3 )2

Assume that all the C–C and C–N bonds lengths equal 1.40 Å. Note that
N+ and N contribute 1 and 2 π-electrons, respectively.

4. In this calculation you will determine the order of magnitude of nuclear


energies. Assume that a nucleus can be represented as a cubic box of side
10−14 m. The particles in this box are the nucleons (protons and neutrons).
Calculate the lowest allowed energy of a nucleon. Express your result in
MeV (1 MeV = 106 eV = 1.602 ×10−13 J).

5. Consider the hypothetical reaction of two “cube-atoms” to form a “moly-


box”:

+ →
a 2a

Each cube-atom contains one electron. The interaction between electrons


can be neglected. Determine the energy change in the above reaction.

1
6. Consider the two-dimensional particle-in-a-box—a particle free to move
on a square plate of side a. Solve the Schrödinger equation to obtain the
eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. You should be able to do this entirely by
analogy with solutions we have already obtained. Discuss the degeneracies
of the lowest few energy levels.

7. As a variant on the free-electron model applied to benzene, assume that


the six π electrons are delocalized within a square plate of side a. Calculate
the value of a that would account for the 268 nm ultraviolet absorption in
benzene.

2
Answers to Exercises
1. y = e−kx is a solution of the differential equation y 00 (x) − k2 y(x) = 0.
(Note the minus sign.)

2. Z 2L/3
P (L/3 ≤ x ≤ 2L/3) = |ψn (x)|2 dx
L/3
Z 2L/3 ³ nπx ´ · ¸2nπ/3
2 2 L θ sin 2θ
= sin2 dx = −
L L/3 L L nπ 2 4 nπ/3

Note

sin(4nπ/3) = sin(4nπ/3 − 2nπ) = sin(−2nπ/3) = − sin(2nπ/3)

Thus µ ¶
1 1 2nπ
P = + sin
3 nπ 3

As n → ∞, this approaches 1/3.

3. Polymethine ion: N+ =C–C=C–C=C–N, 8 electrons (1 from each C, 1


from N+ , 2 from N), L ≈ 7 × 1.40Å.

hc h2
= 2
(52 − 42 )
λ 8mL
giving λ = 352 nm.

4. For particle of mass M = 1.67 × 10−27 kg in cubic box with a = 10−14


m, ground-state energy is

h2 ¡ 2 2 2
¢
E111 = 1 + 1 + 1 ≈ 6.15 MeV
8M a2

3
5. Energy of 2 electrons in molybox minus that of 2 electrons in cube-atoms:

µ ¶
h2 12 12 12 h2 ¡ 2 2 2
¢ 3 h2
∆E = 2 × + 2+ 2 −2× 1 +1 +1 = −
8m (2a)2 a a 8ma2 16 ma2

Note that the molybox is more stable (has lower energy). One of the fac-
tors promoting formation of molecules from atoms is the increased volume
available to valence electrons.

6. By analogy with 3-dimensional particle-in-a-box

2 ³ n πx ´ ³ n πy ´
1 2
ψn1 n2 = sin sin
a a a
h2 ¡ 2 2
¢
En1 n2 = n1 + n2 n1 , n2 = 1, 2 . . .
8ma2

Ground state E11 = h2 /4ma2 is nondegenerate. First excited level, with


E21 = E21 = 5h2 /8ma2 , is 2-fold degenerate.

7. Six π-electrons occupy E11 , E12 and E21 . Lowest-energy transition is


from E12 or E21 to E22 :

hc h2
= E22 − E21 = (8 − 5)
λ 8ma2

λ = 268 nm when a = 4.94Å.

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