1.

Maths

JAM:
Mathematical Methods: Calculus of single and multiple variables, partial derivatives, Jacobian,
imperfect and perfect differentials, Taylor expansion, Fourier series. Vector algebra, Vector
Calculus, Multiple integrals, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem, Stokes’ theorem. First order
equations and linear second order differential equations with constant coefficients. Matrices and
determinants, Algebra of complex numbers.

NET:
Green’s function. Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three
dimensions). Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation,
integration by trapezoid and Simpson’s rule, Solution of first order differential equation using
Runge Kutta method. Finite difference methods. Tensors. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).
Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-
Hamilton Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first &
second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier series,
Fourier and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor &
Laurent series; poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory, random
variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

GATE:
Vector calculus: linear vector space: basis, orthogonality and completeness; matrices; similarity
transformations, diagonalization, eigenvalues and eigenvectors; linear differential equations: second
order linear differential equations and solutions involving special functions; complex analysis:
Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy’s theorem, singularities, residue theorem and applications;
Laplace transform, Fourier analysis; elementary ideas about tensors: covariant and contravariant
tensors.

JEST:
Vector algebra and vector calculus, tensors, curvilinear coordinate systems, linear algebra; Linear
differential equations, elements of Sturm–Liouville theory; Special functions; Complex analysis;
Fourier series and Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms; Elementary properties of discrete groups;
Elements of probability theory, error analysis.

2. Classical Mechanics

JAM:
Mechanics and General Properties of Matter: Newton’s laws of motion and applications, Velocity
and acceleration in Cartesian, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems, uniformly rotating frame,
centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws, Gravitational Law and
field, Conservative and non-conservative forces. System of particles, Center of mass, equation of
motion of the CM, conservation of linear and angular momentum, conservation of energy, variable
mass systems. Elastic and inelastic collisions. Rigid body motion, fixed axis rotations, rotation and
translation, moments of Inertia and products of Inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorem.
Principal moments and axes. Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation,
Bernoulli’s theorem.

NET:
Newton’s laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force
motions. Two body Collisions - scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body
dynamics moment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudo forces. Variational principle.
Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion.
Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes.
Special theory of relativityLorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass–energy
equivalence.
Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Poisson brackets and canonical
transformations. Symmetry, invariance and Noether’s theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

GATE:
Lagrangian formulation: D'Alembert's principle, Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's principle,
calculus of variations; symmetry and conservation laws; central force motion: Kepler problem and
Rutherford scattering; small oscillations: coupled oscillations and normal modes; rigid body
dynamics: interia tensor, orthogonal transformations, Euler angles, Torque free motion of a
symmetric top; Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of motion; Liouville's theorem; canonical
transformations: action-angle variables, Poisson brackets, Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Special theory
of relativity: Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence.

JEST:
Newton’s laws, conservation of energy and momentum, collisions; generalized coordinates,
principle of least action, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics; Symmetry and
conservation laws; central force problem, Kepler problem; Small oscillations and normal modes;
special relativity in classical mechanics.

3. Electromagnetic Theory

JAM:
Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law. Electric field and potential. Electrostatic boundary conditions,
Solution of Laplace’s equation for simple cases. Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric
polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law,
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents.
Simple DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components. Displacement current, Maxwell’s
equations and plane electromagnetic waves, Poynting’s theorem, reflection and refraction at a
dielectric interface, transmission and reflection coefficients (normal incidence only). Lorentz Force
and motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields.

NET:
Dispersion relations in plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell’s equation. Transmission lines and
wave guides. Radiation- from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.
Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value
problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction.
Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at
interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space.
Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference,
coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic
fields.

GATE:
Solutions of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; method
of images; separation of variables; dielectrics and conductors; magnetic materials; multipole
expansion; Maxwell’s equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges;
electromagnetic waves in free space, non-conducting and conducting media; reflection and
transmission at normal and oblique incidences; polarization of electromagnetic waves; Poynting
vector, Poynting theorem, energy and momentum of electromagnetic waves; radiation from a
moving charge.

JEST:
Electrostatics and magnetostatics, boundary value problems, multipole expansion; Fields in
conducting, dielectric, diamagnetic and paramagnetic media; Faraday’s law and time varying fields;
displacement current; Maxwell’s equations; energy and momentum of electromagnetic fields;
Propagation of plane electromagnetic waves, reflection, refraction; Electromagnetic waves in
dispersive and conducting media; diffraction, interference, polarization.

4. Quantum Mechanics

JAM:
Wave-particle duality, Uncertainty principle, the superposition principle, calculation of expectation
values, Schrödinger equation and its solution for one, two, and three-dimensional boxes. Solution of
Schrödinger equation for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission at a
step potential, Pauli exclusion principle. 

NET:
Wave-particle duality. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent). Eigenvalue
problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier. Wave-function
in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular momentum, angular
momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment.
Time-independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time dependent
perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion
principle, spin-statistics connection.
Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase
shifts, partial waves, Born approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac
equations. Semi-classical theory of radiation.

GATE:
Postulates of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; Dirac Bra-Ket
notation, linear vectors and operators in Hilbert space; one dimensional potentials: step potential,
finite rectangular well, tunneling from a potential barrier, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator; two
and three dimensional systems: concept of degeneracy; hydrogen atom; angular momentum and
spin; addition of angular momenta; variational method and WKB approximation, time independent
perturbation theory; elementary scattering theory, Born approximation; symmetries in quantum
mechanical systems.

JEST:
Uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; central potentials, hydrogen atom; Orbital and spin
angular momenta, addition of angular momenta; Matrix formulation of quantum theory, unitary
transformations, Hermitian operators; Variational principle, time independent perturbation theory,
time dependent perturbation theory.

5. Solid state physics

NET:
Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic
properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat. Response
and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and
thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals,
insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson
junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and
orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals

GATE:
Elements of crystallography; diffraction methods for structure determination; bonding in solids;
lattice vibrations and thermal properties of solids; free electron theory; band theory of solids: nearly
free electron and tight binding models; metals, semiconductors and insulators; conductivity,
mobility and effective mass; Optical properties of solids; Kramer's-Kronig relation, intra- and inter-
band transitions; dielectric properties of solid; dielectric function, polarizability, ferroelectricity;
magnetic properties of solids; dia, para, ferro, antiferro and ferri-magnetism, domains and magnetic
anisotropy; superconductivity: Type-I and Type II superconductors, Meissner effect, London
equation, BCS Theory, flux quantization.

JEST:
Basics of semiconductor;

6. Atomic & Molecular Physics

JAM: No syllabus

NET:
Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom.
Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift,
width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron spin
resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-
Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic
molecules, selection rules. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B
coefficients. Optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and
coherence length.

GATE:
Spectra of one-and many-electron atoms; spin-orbit interaction: LS and jj couplings; fine and
hyperfine structures; Zeeman and Stark effects; electric dipole transitions and selection rules;
rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transitions in diatomic
molecules, Franck-Condon principle; Raman effect; EPR, NMR, ESR, X-ray spectra; lasers:
Einstein coefficients, population inversion, two and three level systems.

JEST: No syllabus