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State, Whether The Following Numbers Are Rational or Not: (I) (Ii) (Iii)

The document contains solutions to 20 questions about rational and irrational numbers. Some key points: - It identifies certain numbers as rational or irrational, such as square roots of non-perfect squares being irrational. - It proves certain numbers are irrational using the method of contradiction, showing any assumption they are rational leads to a contradiction. - It provides examples of pairs of irrational numbers where the sum, difference or product is rational or irrational. - It compares and orders rational numbers.

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87 views

State, Whether The Following Numbers Are Rational or Not: (I) (Ii) (Iii)

The document contains solutions to 20 questions about rational and irrational numbers. Some key points: - It identifies certain numbers as rational or irrational, such as square roots of non-perfect squares being irrational. - It proves certain numbers are irrational using the method of contradiction, showing any assumption they are rational leads to a contradiction. - It provides examples of pairs of irrational numbers where the sum, difference or product is rational or irrational. - It compares and orders rational numbers.

Uploaded by

api-533545229
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1

State, whether the following numbers are rational or not:

(i)  (ii)  (iii) 

(iv)  (v)  (vi) 

Solution 1

(i) 
                      
 Irrational

(ii) 

                      
Irrational

(iii) 

Rational

(iv) 
Irrational

(v)  Rational

(vi)  Rational

Question 2
Find the square of:

Solution 2
 (i)
(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Question 3
State, in each case, whether true or false:
(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 

(iv)  is an irrational number

(v)  is a rational number.


(vi) All rational numbers are real numbers.
(vii) All real numbers are rational numbers.
(viii) Some real numbers are rational numbers.

Solution 3
(i) False
(ii)  which is true
(iii)  True.
(iv) False because 

which is recurring and non-terminating and hence it is rational

(v) True because  which is recurring and non-terminating

(vi) True
(vii) False
(viii) True.

Question 4
Given universal set =

 
From the given set, find :
(i) set of rational numbers
(ii) set of irrational numbers
(iii) set of integers
(iv) set of non-negative integers

Solution 4

 
 
(i)
(ii) 

 
(iii) 

 
(iv)  
Question 5
Use method of contradiction to show that  and  are irrational numbers.

Solution 5
Let us suppose that  and  are rational numbers

and  (Where a, b  7 and b, y  0 x , y)


Squaring both sides

a2 and x2 are odd as 3b2 and 5y2 are odd .


a and x are odd....(1)
Let a = 3c, x = 5z
a2 = 9c2, x2 = 25z2

3b2 = 9c2, 5y2 = 25z2(From equation  )


b2 =3c2, y2 = 5z2
b2 and y2 are odd as 3c2 and 5z2 are odd .
b and y are odd...(2)
From equation (1) and (2) we get a, b, x, y are odd integers.
i.e., a, b, and x, y have common factors 3 and 5 this contradicts our assumption

that  are rational i.e, a, b and x, y do not have any common factors other than.

is not rational
and  are irrational.

Question 6
Prove that each of the following numbers is irrational:

Solution 6
Let  be a rational number.

⇒  = x
Squaring on both the sides, we get

Here, x is a rational number.


⇒ x2 is a rational number. 
⇒ x2 - 5 is a rational number.

⇒  is also a rational number.

 is a rational number.


But   is an irrational number.

 is an irrational number.


⇒ x2- 5 is an irrational number.
⇒ x2 is an irrational number. 
⇒ x is an irrational number.
But we have assume that x is a rational number.
∴ we arrive at a contradiction.

So, our assumption that   is a rational number is wrong.

∴   is an irrational number.

Let  be a rational number.

⇒  = x
Squaring on both the sides, we get

Here, x is a rational number.


⇒ x2 is a rational number. 
⇒ 11 - x2 is a rational number.
⇒  is also a rational number.

is a rational number.


But   is an irrational number.

is an irrational number.


⇒ 11 - x2 is an irrational number.
⇒ x2 is an irrational number. 
⇒ x is an irrational number.
But we have assume that x is a rational number.
∴ we arrive at a contradiction.

So, our assumption that   is a rational number is wrong.

∴   is an irrational number.

Let   be a rational number.

⇒  = x
Squaring on both the sides, we get

Here, x is a rational number.


⇒ x2 is a rational number. 
⇒ 9 - x2 is a rational number.

⇒  is also a rational number.

is a rational number.

But   is an irrational number.

is an irrational number.


⇒ 9 - x2 is an irrational number.
⇒ x2 is an irrational number. 
⇒ x is an irrational number.
But we have assume that x is a rational number.
∴ we arrive at a contradiction.
So, our assumption that   is a rational number is wrong.

∴   is an irrational number.

Question 7
Write a pair of irrational numbers whose sum is irrational.

Solution 7
are irrational numbers whose sum is irrational.

which is irrational.

Question 8
Write a pair of irrational numbers whose sum is rational.

Solution 8
and  are two irrational numbers whose sum is rational.

Question 9
Write a pair of irrational numbers whose difference is irrational.

Solution 9
and  are two irrational numbers whose difference is irrational.

which is irrational.

Question 10
Write a pair of irrational numbers whose difference is rational.

Solution 10
and  are irrational numbers whose difference is rational.

which is rational.

Question 11
Write a pair of irrational numbers whose product is irrational.

Solution 11

Question 12
Write in ascending order:

(i) 
(ii) 

(iii) 

Solution 12
(i) 
and 45 < 48 

(ii) 

 
and40 < 54 

(iii) 

 
and 128 < 147 < 180

Question 13
Write in ascending order:

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Solution 13
(i) 
and 45 < 48 

(ii) 

 
and40 < 54 

(iii) 
 
and 128 < 147 < 180

Question 14
Write in descending order:

(i) 

(ii) 

Solution 14
(i) 

Since 162 > 96

(ii) 

141 > 63 

Question 15
Compare.

Solution 15

(i)  and 

Make powers  and  same


L.C.M. of 6,4 is 12

and 
(ii)  and 
L.C.M. of 2 and 3 is 6.

, 

Question 16
Insert two irrational numbers between 5 and 6.

Solution 16

Question 17
Insert five irrational numbers between  and  .

Solution 17
Question 18
Write two rational numbers between 

Solution 18
We want rational numbers a/b and c/d such that:  < a/b < c/d <   
Consider any two rational numbers between 2 and 3 such that they are perfect squares.

Let us take 2.25 and 2.56 as 


Thus we have,

Question 19
Write three rational numbers between 

Solution 19
Consider some rational numbers between 3 and 5 such that they are perfect squares.
Let us take, 3.24, 3.61, 4, 4.41 and 4.84 as
Question 20(i)

Solution 20(i)

Question 20(ii)

Solution 20(ii)
 

Question 20(iii)

Solution 20(iii)

Question 20(iv)

Solution 20(iv)

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