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With The Block Diagram Explain Basic Elements of DSP

The document discusses digital signal processing (DSP). It begins by explaining the basic elements of DSP using a block diagram - signal input via a transducer, analog to digital conversion (ADC), digital signal processing using a processor, then digital to analog conversion (DAC) and output. It highlights the importance of ADCs in converting analog inputs to digital for processing by computers, and DACs in converting digital outputs back to analog required by most devices. Applications of DSP include audio, speech, radar, sonar, voice recognition and more. Advantages of DSP over analog signal processing include greater accuracy, flexibility, storage and processing capabilities, compact size, and lower costs. Aliasing is described as signals becoming indistinguishable

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Anil Shrestha
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17K views

With The Block Diagram Explain Basic Elements of DSP

The document discusses digital signal processing (DSP). It begins by explaining the basic elements of DSP using a block diagram - signal input via a transducer, analog to digital conversion (ADC), digital signal processing using a processor, then digital to analog conversion (DAC) and output. It highlights the importance of ADCs in converting analog inputs to digital for processing by computers, and DACs in converting digital outputs back to analog required by most devices. Applications of DSP include audio, speech, radar, sonar, voice recognition and more. Advantages of DSP over analog signal processing include greater accuracy, flexibility, storage and processing capabilities, compact size, and lower costs. Aliasing is described as signals becoming indistinguishable

Uploaded by

Anil Shrestha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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With the block diagram explain basic elements of DSP.

Fig: Block Diagram of DSP

The first step is to get an electrical signal. The transducer converts sound into an electrical
signal. You can use any transducer depending upon the case.

The next stage is a simple analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This unit takes in analog signals
and outputs a stream of binary digits.

The heart of the system is the digital signal processor. These days we use CMOS chips (even
ULSI) to make digital signal processors. In fact, modern processors, like the Cortex M4 have
DSP units built inside the SoC. These processor units have high-speed, high data
throughputs, and dedicated instruction sets.

The next stages are sort of the opposite of the stages preceding the digital signal processor.

The digital-to-analog converter does what its name implies. It’s necessary for the slew rate
of the DAC to match the acquisition rate of the ADC.

Explain the importance of ADC and DAC in signal processing.

ADC:
ADCs convert analog inputs into a digital format that computers can recognize. Computers
only process digital information, they require digital input. Therefore, if an analog input is
sent to a computer, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required. This device can take an
analog signal, such as an electrical current, and digitize it into a binary format that the
computer can understand.
DAC:
A DAC takes digital data and transforms it into an analog signal. Afterward, it sends that
analog signal to an amplifier. A computer gives the out as a digital signal but the other
device may not be work so that we need DAC which convert in analog form and may
procced. Most of the devices are function on analog form.

What are the areas of application of DSP?

Digital Signal Processing is used everywhere. DSP is used primarily in arenas of audio signal,
speech processing, RADAR, seismology, audio, SONAR, voice recognition, and some financial
signals. For example, Digital Signal Processing is used for speech compression for mobile
phones, as well as speech transmission for mobile phones. DSP is also used in elite headset
equipment to protect users from hearing damage; the same suppression and enhancement
concept is equally important here. Leading industries in the field of hearing protection and
on-the-job communication such as sensear use Digital Signal Processing to create a safe,
quality communication experience. The purpose of Digital Signal Processing is to use as a
filter, to filter the analog signals from current time and space.

What are the advantages of DSP over ASP?


ADVANTAGES OF DSP OVER ASP
Physical size of analog systems is quite large while digital processors are more compact and
light in weight.
 
Analog systems are less accurate because of component tolerance ex R, L, C and active
components. Digital components are less sensitive to the environmental changes, noise and
disturbances.
 
Digital system is most flexible as software programs & control programs can be easily
modified.
Digital signal can be stores on digital hard disk, floppy disk or magnetic tapes. Hence
becomes transportable. Thus easy and lasting storage capacity.
 
Digital processing can be done offline.
 
 Mathematical signal processing algorithm can be routinely implemented on digital signal
processing systems. Digital controllers are capable of performing complex computation with
constant accuracy at high speed.
 
Digital signal processing systems are upgradeable since that are software controlled.
 
Possibility of sharing DSP processor between several tasks.

The cost of microprocessors, controllers and DSP processors are continuously going down.
For some complex control functions, it is not practically feasible to construct analog
controllers.
 
Single chip microprocessors, controllers and DSP processors are more versatile and
powerful.

Explain aliasing effect with neat and clean diagram.


Aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable from each
other during sampling. Aliasing is characterized by the altering of output compared to the
original signal because resampling or interpolation resulted in a lower resolution in images,
a slower frame rate in terms of video or a lower wave resolution in audio. Anti-aliasing
filters can be used to correct this problem.

Fig: aliasing effect

Consider an analog signal, x(t) = 3cos 4000πt + 7sin 5000πt + 7sin 7000πt. If
the sampling rate is 12000 samples per second and quantized at 8 bits, find
i).Discrete values at any two points.
ii).Quantization error at these two points
Solution:
Here, we have analog signal x(t) = 3cos 4000πt + 7sin 5000πt + 7sin 7000πt
Sampling rate (fs) = 12000 sample per second
Number of bits = 8 bit
We can change or convert any analog signal to discrete signal by replacing t = nTs

x(n) = 3cos 4000π(n/12000) + 7sin 5000π(n/12000) + 7sin 7000π(n/12000)

For n= 0;
x(0) =3cos0 + 7sin0 + 7 sin0
=3

For n= 1;
x(1) = 3cos 4000π(1/12000) + 7sin 5000π(1/12000) + 7sin 7000π(1/12000)
= 15.022
= 15
Again for ii,
for n=0;
(delta)^2 = 2*Xmax/2^(n-1)
Quantization error = (delta) ^2/12
= 3/(12*2^7)
= 0.00195

Again for next value of n=1;


Quantization error = (delta) ^2/12
= 15/(12*2^7)
= 0.00976

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