15

Hernandez, Paul Bryan B.

Problem #1

70% of your friends like Chocolate, and 35% like Chocolate AND like
Strawberry.

What percent of those who like Chocolate also like Strawberry?

P(Strawberry|Chocolate) = P(Chocolate and Strawberry) / P(Chocolate)

0.35 / 0.7 = 50%

Problem #2

Event A is drawing a King first, and Event B is drawing a King second.

For the first card the chance of drawing a King is 4 out of 52 (there are 4 Kings
in a deck of 52 cards):

P(A) = 4/52

But after removing a King from the deck the probability of the 2nd card drawn
is lesslikely to be a King (only 3 of the 51 cards left are Kings):

P(B|A) = 3/51

And so:

P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A) = (4/52) x (3/51) = 12/2652 = 1/221

So the chance of getting 2 Kings is 1 in 221, or about 0.5%

Problem #3

In a card game, suppose a player needs to draw two cards of the same suit in
order to win. Of the 52 cards, there are 13 cards in each suit. Suppose first the
player draws a heart. Now the player wishes to draw a second heart. Since
one heart has already been chosen, there are now 12 hearts remaining in a
deck of 51 cards. So the conditional probability
P(Draw second heart|First card a heart) = 12/51.

Problem #4

Suppose an individual applying to a college determines that he has an 80%

chance of being accepted, and he knows that dormitory housing will only be
provided for 60% of all of the accepted students. The chance of the student
being accepted and receiving dormitory housing is defined by

P(Accepted and Dormitory Housing) = P(Dormitory

Housing|Accepted)P(Accepted) = (0.60)*(0.80) = 0.48

Problem #5

In an exam, two reasoning problems, 1 and 2, are asked. 35% students solved
problem 1 and 15% students solved both the problems. How many students
who solved the first problem will also solve the second one?

Probability of student solving problem 1 ,P(1)=0.35

Probability of student solving both problem, P(1 and 2)=0.15

Probability of solving 2 if 1 is solved, P(2|1) = P(1 and 2) / P(1)= 0.15/0.35=

0.428

Problem #6

Out of 50 people surveyed in a study, 35 smoke in which there are 20 males.

What is the probability the if the person surveyed is a smoker then he is a
male?

Probability of the person being male and a smoker, P(A and B)= 20/50

Probability of person being smoker, P(A) = 35/50

Probability of a person being male if he is smoker, P(B|A)= P(A and B) / P(A)=

20/35= 1/7
Problem #7

The probability of raining on Sunday is 0.07. If today is Sunday then find the
probability of rain today.

Probability that it is raining and the day is Sunday, P(A and B)=0.07

Probability that is is Sunday, P(B) = 1/7

Probability that it will rain if today is Sunday, P(A|B)P(A|B) = 0.7/ 1/7= 0.49

Hence, the compound probability of raining if it is Sunday is 0.49.

Problem #8

In a school the third language has to be chosen between Hindi and French. If a
student has taken French then what is the probability that he will take Hindi, if
the probability of taking Hindi is 0.34?

Probability of taking French and Hindi, P(A and B)=0 as they are mutually
exclusive events.

Probability of taking French, P(B)=0.34

Probability of taking Hindi if French has been opted, P(A|B)= P(A and B) /
P(B)= 0/0.34= 0

Problem #9

A math teacher gave her class two tests. 25% of the class passed both tests
and 42% of the class passed the first test. What percent of those who passed
the first test also passed the second test?

I
P (Second First)= P(First and Second) / P(First)= 0.25/0.42= 0.60= 60%
Problem #10

A jar contains black and white marbles. Two marbles are chosen without
replacement. The probability of selecting a black marble and then a white
marble is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a black marble on the first
draw is 0.47. What is the probability of selecting a white marble on the second
draw, given that the first marble drawn was black?

I
P(White Black)= P(Black and White) / P(Black)= 0.34/0.47= 0.72= 72%

Problem #11

The probability that it is Friday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since there
are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Friday is 0.2. What is the
probability that a student is absent given that today is Friday?

I
P(Absent Friday)= P(Friday and Absent) / P(Friday)= 0.03/0.2= 0.15= 15%

Problem #12

At Kennedy Middle School, the probability that a student takes Technology

and Spanish is 0.087. The probability that a student takes Technology is 0.68.
What is the probability that a student takes Spanish given that the student is
taking Technology?

I
P(Spanish Technology)= P(Technology and Spanish) / P(Technology)=
0.087/0.68= 0.13= 13%

Problem #13

In order to test a new car, an automobile manufacturer wants to select 2

employees to test drive the car for one year. If 12 management and 8 union
employees volunteer to be test drivers and the selection is made at random,
find the following probabilities:

A. P(2nd driver is union | 1st driver is management)

If the first driver selected is management then there are only 11 management
employees left along with the 8 union employees.

P((2nd driver is union | 1st driver is management) = 8/19

B. P(2nd driver is union | 1st driver is union)

If the first driver selected is union then there are only 7 union employees left
along with the 12 management employees.

P((2nd driver is union | 1st driver is union) = 7/19

C. What is the probability that the 2nd driver chosen is management given
that the first driver chosen was management?

If the first driver selected is management then there are only 11 management
employees left along with the 8 union employees.

P((2nd driver is management | 1st driver is management) = 11/19

D. What is the probability that the 2nd driver chosen is management give that
the first driver is union?

If the first driver selected is union then there are only 7 union employees left
along with the 12 management employees.

P((2nd driver is management | 1st driver is union) = 12/19

Problem #14

A random sample of three different letters is selected from the 26 letters of

the alphabet.

A. What is the probability that the second letter is 'a' given that the first letter
is 'c'?

There are only 25 letters left and the probability of selecting an 'a' is 1/25.
B. What is the probability that the third letter is 't' given that the first letter is
'c' and the second letter is 'a'?

There are only 24 letters left and the probability of selecting a 't' is 1/24.

C. What is the probability that the fourth letter is 'c' given that the first three
letters are 'c', 'a', and 't'?

The probability is zero since the letter 'c' has already been drawn and is no
longer available.

Problem #15

A jar contains 5 white balls, 4 red balls, and 1 black ball. Three balls are drawn
at random (and not replaced). Find the following probabilities.

A. P(2nd ball is red | 1st ball is red) = 3/9

B. P(2nd ball is red | 1st ball is white) = 4/9

C. P(2nd ball is red | 1st ball is black) = 4/9

D. P(3rd ball is red | first 2 balls are red) = 2/8

E. P(3rd ball is red | first 2 balls are white) = 4/8

F. P(3rd ball is red | 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is white) = 3/8

F. P(3rd ball is red | 1st ball is white and 2nd ball is red) = 3/8

F. P(3rd ball is black | 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is white) = 1/8