AT-8700XL Series Switch

AlliedWare™ Operating System

Software Reference for Version 2.8.1

AT-8724XL
AT-8748XL
AlliedWare OS Software Reference for Software Version 2.8.1
Document Number C613-03122-00 REV A.

© 2006 Allied Telesis, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesis, Inc.

Allied Telesis, Inc. reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other
information in this document without prior written notice. The information provided
herein is subject to change without notice. In no event shall Allied Telesis, Inc. be liable
for any incidental, special, indirect, or consequential damages whatsoever, including
but not limited to lost profits, arising out of or related to this manual or the information
contained herein, even if Allied Telesis, Inc. has been advised of, known, or should have
known, the possibility of such damages.

All company names, logos, and product designs that are trademarks or registered
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Contents

About this Software Reference

Introduction .................................................................................................. xxxi
Structure of this Software Reference ............................................................. xxxi
Intended Audience ...................................................................................... xxxiv
Conventions ................................................................................................ xxxiv
Command Descriptions ......................................................................... xxxv
Where To Find More Information ................................................................ xxxvii
Obtaining Copies of Internet Protocols and Standards .......................... xxxvii
Publicly Accessible Documents ............................................................. xxxviii
Allied Telesis Offices and Locations ...................................................... xxxviii
Reader’s Comments ..................................................................................... xxxix

Command Summary

CHAPTER 1 Getting Started

Establishing a Management Session with the Switch ...................................... 1-2
Assigning an IP Address ................................................................................. 1-2
About Setting Routes ..................................................................................... 1-3
Checking Connections with PING .................................................................. 1-3
Changing a Password .................................................................................... 1-4
Using Command Line Help ............................................................................ 1-4
Using GUI Help .............................................................................................. 1-5
Setting System Parameters ............................................................................. 1-6
Saving Configurations Entered with the CLI ................................................... 1-6
Saving Configurations Entered with the GUI .................................................. 1-7
Troubleshooting Traffic Flow .......................................................................... 1-7
Software Upgrades ........................................................................................ 1-8
SNMP and MIBs ............................................................................................. 1-8
To Avoid Problems ......................................................................................... 1-9
For More Information ................................................................................... 1-10

CHAPTER 2 Using the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Introduction ................................................................................................... 2-2
Parts of a Command ...................................................................................... 2-3
Entering a Command ..................................................................................... 2-4
Shortcuts ................................................................................................. 2-4
Command Sets .............................................................................................. 2-6
What is Valid Syntax? ..................................................................................... 2-7
What Commands does a Feature Support? .................................................... 2-9
Editing Commands ...................................................................................... 2-10
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Recalling Commands ................................................................................... 2-10

Command Reference ................................................................................... 2-11
add alias ................................................................................................ 2-11
delete alias ............................................................................................ 2-12
help ...................................................................................................... 2-12
set command assignmentoperator ......................................................... 2-13
set help ................................................................................................. 2-14
show alias ............................................................................................. 2-14
show command history ......................................................................... 2-15

CHAPTER 3 Using the Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Introduction ................................................................................................... 3-3
What is the GUI? ........................................................................................... 3-3
Accessing the Switch via the GUI ................................................................... 3-4
Browser and PC Setup ............................................................................. 3-4
Establishing a Connection to the Switch .................................................. 3-6
Secure Access ........................................................................................ 3-11
System Status ........................................................................................ 3-12
Using the GUI: Navigation and Features ....................................................... 3-13
The Configuration Menu ....................................................................... 3-13
Using Configuration Pages .................................................................... 3-14
The Management Menu ........................................................................ 3-17
The Monitoring Menu ........................................................................... 3-17
The Diagnostics Menu ........................................................................... 3-17
Combining GUI and CLI Configuration .................................................. 3-18
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 3-18
Enabling and Disabling the GUI ............................................................. 3-18
Deleting Temporary Files ........................................................................ 3-19
Accessing the Switch via the GUI ........................................................... 3-19
Command Reference ................................................................................... 3-21
disable gui ............................................................................................. 3-21
enable gui ............................................................................................. 3-21
reset gui ................................................................................................ 3-22
show gui ............................................................................................... 3-23

CHAPTER 4 Configuring and Monitoring the System

Introduction ................................................................................................... 4-3
System Identification ...................................................................................... 4-3
Time and Date ............................................................................................... 4-4
Timezone and UTC Offset ....................................................................... 4-5
Monitoring Switch Operations ....................................................................... 4-7
Monitoring the Power Supply ...................................................................... 4-10
Emailing Alerts from the Switch ................................................................... 4-10
Configuration Examples ........................................................................ 4-11
Command Reference ................................................................................... 4-13
activate cpu extended ........................................................................... 4-13
clear summertime .................................................................................. 4-14
clear timezone ....................................................................................... 4-15
delete mail ............................................................................................ 4-15
disable cpu extended ............................................................................. 4-16
disable debug active .............................................................................. 4-17
disable mail debug ................................................................................ 4-17
disable summertime .............................................................................. 4-18
dump .................................................................................................... 4-19
enable cpu extended ............................................................................. 4-20
enable summertime ............................................................................... 4-21
enable mail debug ................................................................................. 4-21
mail ....................................................................................................... 4-22

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modify .................................................................................................. 4-24

reset cpu utilisation ............................................................................... 4-25
reset mail .............................................................................................. 4-25
set mail ................................................................................................. 4-26
set summertime .................................................................................... 4-27
set system contact ................................................................................. 4-29
set system location ................................................................................ 4-30
set system name .................................................................................... 4-31
set system rpsmonitor ........................................................................... 4-32
set time ................................................................................................. 4-33
set timezone ......................................................................................... 4-34
show buffer .......................................................................................... 4-35
show cpu .............................................................................................. 4-39
show debug .......................................................................................... 4-41
show debug active ................................................................................ 4-43
show exception ..................................................................................... 4-47
show mail ............................................................................................. 4-48
show startup ......................................................................................... 4-49
show summertime ................................................................................. 4-50
show system ......................................................................................... 4-51
show system serialnumber ..................................................................... 4-53
show time ............................................................................................. 4-54
show timezone ...................................................................................... 4-55

CHAPTER 5 Managing Configuration Files and Software Versions

Managing Configuration Files ........................................................................ 5-3
Loading Files onto the Switch ........................................................................ 5-5
Loading from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Server .......................... 5-5
Loading from a Web Server ..................................................................... 5-5
Loading from a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Server ....... 5-7
Loading from a Remote Device using Secure Copy ................................... 5-8
Additional Loader Commands ................................................................. 5-9
Uploading Files from the Switch ..................................................................... 5-9
Using HTTP .............................................................................................. 5-9
Using TFTP and ZMODEM ...................................................................... 5-11
Using Secure Copy ................................................................................ 5-12
Software Upgrades ...................................................................................... 5-13
Upgrade Overview ................................................................................. 5-13
Install Process ........................................................................................ 5-14
Filenames .............................................................................................. 5-15
Licencing ............................................................................................... 5-15
Patches ................................................................................................. 5-16
Example: Upgrading to new software .................................................... 5-16
Example: Upgrading to a new patch file ................................................ 5-18
Upgrading the GUI ................................................................................ 5-19
Command Reference ................................................................................... 5-21
create config ......................................................................................... 5-21
delete install .......................................................................................... 5-22
disable http debug ................................................................................ 5-23
disable http server ................................................................................. 5-23
disable ldap debug ................................................................................ 5-24
disable release ....................................................................................... 5-24
enable http debug ................................................................................. 5-25
enable http server ................................................................................. 5-25
enable ldap debug ................................................................................ 5-26
enable release ....................................................................................... 5-27
load ...................................................................................................... 5-28
purge ldap ............................................................................................ 5-32

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reset http server .................................................................................... 5-33

reset loader ........................................................................................... 5-33
restart ................................................................................................... 5-34
set config .............................................................................................. 5-35
set http server ....................................................................................... 5-36
set install ............................................................................................... 5-37
set loader .............................................................................................. 5-39
show config .......................................................................................... 5-43
show http client .................................................................................... 5-45
show http debug ................................................................................... 5-46
show http server ................................................................................... 5-47
show http server session ........................................................................ 5-48
show install ........................................................................................... 5-49
show ldap ............................................................................................. 5-50
show ldap request ................................................................................. 5-51
show loader .......................................................................................... 5-53
show patch ........................................................................................... 5-55
show release ......................................................................................... 5-56
upload .................................................................................................. 5-57

CHAPTER 6 Managing the File System

Introduction ................................................................................................... 6-2
File Naming Conventions ............................................................................... 6-2
Long Filenames in Releases ...................................................................... 6-3
Working with Files ......................................................................................... 6-4
Built-In Editor .......................................................................................... 6-5
Using Wildcards ...................................................................................... 6-5
Flash Memory ................................................................................................ 6-6
The Flash File System (FFS) ....................................................................... 6-6
If You Clear Flash Memory Completely .................................................... 6-7
Non-Volatile Storage (NVS) ............................................................................ 6-9
Command Reference ................................................................................... 6-10
activate flash compaction ...................................................................... 6-10
add file .................................................................................................. 6-11
clear flash totally ................................................................................... 6-12
clear nvs totally ..................................................................................... 6-12
copy ...................................................................................................... 6-13
create file .............................................................................................. 6-14
delete file .............................................................................................. 6-15
delete nvs .............................................................................................. 6-16
dump nvs .............................................................................................. 6-17
edit ....................................................................................................... 6-18
modify nvs ............................................................................................ 6-21
purge file translationtable ...................................................................... 6-22
rename ................................................................................................. 6-23
reset file permanentredirect ................................................................... 6-24
show ffile .............................................................................................. 6-25
show file ............................................................................................... 6-27
show file permanentredirect .................................................................. 6-30
show flash ............................................................................................. 6-31
show flash physical ................................................................................ 6-33
show nvs ............................................................................................... 6-34
show nvs free ........................................................................................ 6-35

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CHAPTER 7 Overview of Switching

Introduction ................................................................................................... 7-2
Switch Ports ................................................................................................... 7-2
Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports ........................................................ 7-2
Autonegotiation of Port Speed and Duplex Mode .................................... 7-3
Port Trunking .......................................................................................... 7-3
Packet Storm Protection .......................................................................... 7-3
Port Mirroring ......................................................................................... 7-3
Port Security ............................................................................................ 7-3
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) .............................................................. 7-4
Creating VLANs ....................................................................................... 7-4
Summary of VLAN tagging rules .............................................................. 7-6
VLAN Interaction with STPs and Trunk Groups ......................................... 7-6
Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) .................................................... 7-6
Quality of Service ........................................................................................... 7-7
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) .......................................................................... 7-8
Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree Port States ................................. 7-9
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) ................................................... 7-9
IP Switching ................................................................................................... 7-9
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ............................................................... 7-10
IGMP Snooping ........................................................................................... 7-10
Triggers ........................................................................................................ 7-11

CHAPTER 8 Switching
Introduction ................................................................................................... 8-4
Switch Ports ................................................................................................... 8-5
Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports ........................................................ 8-5
Speed and Duplex Mode ......................................................................... 8-8
Switch Instances on 48-Port Switches .................................................... 8-10
Port Trunking ........................................................................................ 8-10
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) ............................................. 8-11
Packet Storm Protection ........................................................................ 8-12
Port Mirroring ....................................................................................... 8-13
Port Security .......................................................................................... 8-14
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) ............................................................ 8-15
Dynamic VLAN Assignment ................................................................... 8-16
802.1x Guest VLAN ............................................................................... 8-17
VLAN Tagging ....................................................................................... 8-18
VLAN Membership of Untagged Packets ............................................... 8-21
Creating VLANs ..................................................................................... 8-22
Summary of VLAN Tagging Rules ........................................................... 8-23
VLAN Interaction with Trunk Groups ...................................................... 8-24
Static and Dynamic VLANs ..................................................................... 8-24
Protected VLANs ................................................................................... 8-24
Private VLANs ........................................................................................ 8-25
VLAN Relaying ............................................................................................. 8-27
Configuring VLAN Relaying ................................................................... 8-29
The Layer 2 Switching Process ...................................................................... 8-30
The Ingress Rules ................................................................................... 8-30
The Learning Process ............................................................................. 8-31
The Forwarding Process ......................................................................... 8-32
The Egress Rules .................................................................................... 8-32
Quality of Service .................................................................................. 8-33
Layer 2 Filtering ........................................................................................... 8-34
Securing a Single VLAN through Switch Filters ....................................... 8-34
Hardware Packet Filters ................................................................................ 8-36
Classifier-Based Packet Filters ....................................................................... 8-37
Ordering Filter Entries ............................................................................ 8-38
Configuring Filters ................................................................................. 8-38
Filter Modes in 48-Port Switches ............................................................ 8-39
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Layer 3 Based Packet Filters .......................................................................... 8-40

Layer 3 Filter Matches ............................................................................ 8-40
Layer 3 Filter Entries .............................................................................. 8-41
Access Control Lists (ACLs) ........................................................................... 8-42
Triggers ........................................................................................................ 8-43
Configuration Examples ............................................................................... 8-44
One Switch to Extend a Local LAN ......................................................... 8-44
VLAN with Untagged Ports .................................................................... 8-44
VLAN with Tagged Ports ........................................................................ 8-46
Meshed Network with VLAN Tagged Ports ............................................. 8-48
Command Reference ................................................................................... 8-51
activate switch port ............................................................................... 8-52
add lacp port ......................................................................................... 8-53
add switch filter .................................................................................... 8-54
add switch hwfilter classifier .................................................................. 8-56
add switch l3filter entry ......................................................................... 8-58
add switch l3filter match ....................................................................... 8-61
add switch trunk ................................................................................... 8-63
add vlan port ......................................................................................... 8-64
add vlanrelay ......................................................................................... 8-66
create switch trunk ................................................................................ 8-67
create vlan ............................................................................................ 8-68
create vlanrelay ..................................................................................... 8-69
delete lacp port ..................................................................................... 8-70
delete switch filter ................................................................................. 8-70
delete switch hwfilter classifier .............................................................. 8-71
delete switch l3filter .............................................................................. 8-71
delete switch l3filter entry ..................................................................... 8-72
delete switch trunk ................................................................................ 8-72
delete vlan port ..................................................................................... 8-73
delete vlanrelay ..................................................................................... 8-74
destroy switch trunk .............................................................................. 8-75
destroy vlan ........................................................................................... 8-75
destroy vlanrelay ................................................................................... 8-76
disable lacp ........................................................................................... 8-76
disable lacp debug ................................................................................ 8-77
disable switch ageingtimer .................................................................... 8-77
disable switch debug ............................................................................. 8-78
disable switch filter vlansecure ............................................................... 8-79
disable switch hwfilter ........................................................................... 8-79
disable switch l3filter ............................................................................. 8-80
disable switch learning .......................................................................... 8-80
disable switch mirror ............................................................................. 8-81
disable switch port ................................................................................ 8-82
disable vlan debug ................................................................................ 8-83
disable vlanrelay .................................................................................... 8-83
disable vlanrelay debug ......................................................................... 8-84
enable lacp ............................................................................................ 8-84
enable lacp debug ................................................................................. 8-85
enable switch ageingtimer ..................................................................... 8-85
enable switch bist .................................................................................. 8-86
enable switch debug ............................................................................. 8-87
enable switch filter vlansecure ............................................................... 8-88
enable switch hwfilter ........................................................................... 8-88
enable switch l3filter ............................................................................. 8-89
enable switch learning .......................................................................... 8-89
enable switch mirror .............................................................................. 8-89
enable switch port ................................................................................. 8-90
enable vlan debug ................................................................................. 8-91

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enable vlanrelay .................................................................................... 8-92

enable vlanrelay debug .......................................................................... 8-92
purge lacp ............................................................................................. 8-93
reset lacp port counter .......................................................................... 8-93
reset switch ........................................................................................... 8-93
reset switch port ................................................................................... 8-94
set lacp port .......................................................................................... 8-95
set lacp priority ...................................................................................... 8-96
set switch ageingtimer .......................................................................... 8-96
set switch hwfilter classifier ................................................................... 8-97
set switch hwfilter mode ..................................................................... 8-100
set switch l3ageingtimer ...................................................................... 8-101
set switch l3filter entry ........................................................................ 8-102
set switch l3filter match ...................................................................... 8-105
set switch mirror ................................................................................. 8-107
set switch port .................................................................................... 8-108
set switch qos ..................................................................................... 8-113
set switch trunk ................................................................................... 8-115
set vlan port ........................................................................................ 8-116
show lacp ............................................................................................ 8-117
show lacp port .................................................................................... 8-118
show lacp port counter ....................................................................... 8-120
show lacp trunk .................................................................................. 8-121
show switch ........................................................................................ 8-122
show switch counter ........................................................................... 8-124
show switch debug ............................................................................. 8-126
show switch fdb .................................................................................. 8-127
show switch filter ................................................................................ 8-129
show switch hwfilter ........................................................................... 8-131
show switch l3filter ............................................................................. 8-133
show switch port ................................................................................. 8-135
show switch port counter .................................................................... 8-138
show switch port intrusion .................................................................. 8-141
show switch qos .................................................................................. 8-142
show switch trunk ............................................................................... 8-143
show vlan ............................................................................................ 8-144
show vlan debug ................................................................................. 8-146
show vlanrelay .................................................................................... 8-147

CHAPTER 9 Spanning Trees

Introduction ................................................................................................... 9-3
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) .......................................................................... 9-4
Multiple Spanning Trees and STP Interaction with VLANs ......................... 9-4
Spanning Tree Operation ......................................................................... 9-4
The Forwarding Process ........................................................................... 9-6
Electing a Root Bridge and Designated Bridge ......................................... 9-6
Spanning Tree Modes .............................................................................. 9-7
Rapid Mode Spanning Tree Types ............................................................. 9-7
Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree Port States ................................. 9-8
Configuring STP ...................................................................................... 9-9
Simple Meshed Network Example .......................................................... 9-13
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) ....................................................... 9-14
Multiple Spanning Tree Regions ............................................................. 9-14
Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) ........................................................ 9-15
Compatibility with Previous Spanning Tree Protocols .............................. 9-17
Configuring MSTP ................................................................................. 9-18
Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) ........................................... 9-24
The Relationship between Spanning Trees and Trunks ............................ 9-28

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Command Reference ................................................................................... 9-29

activate mstp migrationcheck port ......................................................... 9-29
add mstp msti vlan ................................................................................ 9-30
add stp vlan .......................................................................................... 9-31
create mstp msti .................................................................................... 9-32
create stp .............................................................................................. 9-34
delete mstp msti vlan ............................................................................ 9-35
delete stp vlan ....................................................................................... 9-36
destroy mstp msti .................................................................................. 9-37
destroy stp ............................................................................................ 9-38
disable mstp .......................................................................................... 9-39
disable mstp cist port ............................................................................ 9-39
disable mstp debug ............................................................................... 9-40
disable mstp msti port ........................................................................... 9-41
disable mstp port .................................................................................. 9-42
disable stp ............................................................................................. 9-43
disable stp debug .................................................................................. 9-44
disable stp port ..................................................................................... 9-46
disable switch stpforward ...................................................................... 9-47
enable mstp .......................................................................................... 9-47
enable mstp cist port ............................................................................. 9-48
enable mstp debug ............................................................................... 9-49
enable mstp msti port ........................................................................... 9-51
enable mstp port ................................................................................... 9-52
enable stp ............................................................................................. 9-53
enable stp debug .................................................................................. 9-54
enable stp port ...................................................................................... 9-56
enable switch stpforward ...................................................................... 9-57
purge mstp ........................................................................................... 9-57
purge stp .............................................................................................. 9-58
reset mstp counter port ......................................................................... 9-58
reset stp ................................................................................................ 9-59
set mstp ................................................................................................ 9-59
set mstp cist .......................................................................................... 9-62
set mstp cist port ................................................................................... 9-63
set mstp msti ......................................................................................... 9-65
set mstp msti port ................................................................................. 9-66
set stp ................................................................................................... 9-68
set stp port ............................................................................................ 9-71
show mstp ............................................................................................ 9-75
show mstp cist ...................................................................................... 9-77
show mstp cist port ............................................................................... 9-80
show mstp counter port ........................................................................ 9-82
show mstp debug ................................................................................. 9-83
show mstp msti ..................................................................................... 9-84
show mstp msti port ............................................................................. 9-86
show stp ............................................................................................... 9-88
show stp counter .................................................................................. 9-92
show stp debug .................................................................................... 9-94
show stp port ........................................................................................ 9-95

CHAPTER 10 Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 10-2
GARP Operations ......................................................................................... 10-2
Overview of Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) .............................. 10-5
Configuring GARP ....................................................................................... 10-7
Command Reference ................................................................................... 10-8
disable garp .......................................................................................... 10-8

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disable garp debug .............................................................................. 10-10

disable garp gip ................................................................................... 10-11
enable garp ......................................................................................... 10-12
enable garp debug .............................................................................. 10-13
enable garp gip ................................................................................... 10-14
reset garp ............................................................................................ 10-15
set garp port ....................................................................................... 10-16
set garp timer ...................................................................................... 10-18
show garp ........................................................................................... 10-20
show garp counter .............................................................................. 10-22
show garp db ...................................................................................... 10-26
show garp debug ................................................................................ 10-27
show garp gip ..................................................................................... 10-28
show garp machine ............................................................................. 10-29

CHAPTER 11 Interfaces
Introduction ................................................................................................. 11-3
Naming Interfaces ........................................................................................ 11-3
Ethernet ...................................................................................................... 11-4
Encapsulations ...................................................................................... 11-4
Asynchronous Interfaces .............................................................................. 11-7
Configuration ........................................................................................ 11-7
Session Timeout .................................................................................. 11-10
Connecting a Modem to the Asynchronous Port ................................. 11-10
MIB Counters ...................................................................................... 11-11
Autobauding ....................................................................................... 11-12
Making Asynchronous Ports Respond More Quickly ............................. 11-12
Testing Serial Data Circuits ......................................................................... 11-13
Displaying Interfaces .................................................................................. 11-13
Interface Link Traps .................................................................................... 11-14
Managing Interfaces with SNMP ................................................................ 11-14
Command Reference ................................................................................. 11-15
connect asyn ....................................................................................... 11-15
disable asyn ......................................................................................... 11-16
disable interface linktrap ..................................................................... 11-17
enable asyn ......................................................................................... 11-18
enable interface linktrap ...................................................................... 11-19
purge asyn .......................................................................................... 11-20
reset asyn ............................................................................................ 11-20
reset asyn counter ............................................................................... 11-21
reset asyn history ................................................................................. 11-22
reset interface counters ....................................................................... 11-22
set asyn ............................................................................................... 11-23
set interface traplimit .......................................................................... 11-28
show asyn ........................................................................................... 11-29
show interface .................................................................................... 11-35

CHAPTER 12 Internet Protocol (IP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 12-5
IP Packets .................................................................................................... 12-5
Addressing .................................................................................................. 12-7
Subnets ....................................................................................................... 12-9
Assigning an IP Address ............................................................................. 12-10
Multihoming .............................................................................................. 12-11
Local Interfaces .......................................................................................... 12-11
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) .............................................................. 12-13
Static ARP Entries ................................................................................ 12-13
Adding Static ARP Entries with Multicast MAC Addresses .................... 12-14

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Timing Out ARP Entries ....................................................................... 12-15

Deleting ARP Entries ............................................................................ 12-16
Proxy ARP ............................................................................................ 12-17
MAC Address Logging ........................................................................ 12-17
Waiting for a Response to an ARP Request .......................................... 12-17
DHCP Client .............................................................................................. 12-18
ICMP ......................................................................................................... 12-18
ICMP Router Discovery Advertisements ...................................................... 12-19
Routing ..................................................................................................... 12-22
Types of Routes ................................................................................... 12-22
The Routing Table ................................................................................ 12-22
Configuring Static Routes .................................................................... 12-23
Caching Routes ................................................................................... 12-23
Dynamic Routing Protocols .................................................................. 12-24
Setting Preference of Dynamically-Learned Routes ............................... 12-24
Displaying Route Information .............................................................. 12-24
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ............................................................. 12-25
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) .................................................................. 12-25
Metrics ...................................................................................................... 12-26
OSPF Auto Cost Calculation ................................................................ 12-26
Policy-Based Routing .................................................................................. 12-26
Priority-Based Routing ................................................................................ 12-28
Route Templates ........................................................................................ 12-29
Named Hosts ............................................................................................. 12-29
DNS Relay Agent ....................................................................................... 12-31
DNS Caching ............................................................................................. 12-31
Server Selection ......................................................................................... 12-32
Traffic Filters .............................................................................................. 12-33
SNMP ........................................................................................................ 12-35
Control and Debug Commands ................................................................. 12-35
Ping and Trace Route ................................................................................. 12-36
Ping .................................................................................................... 12-36
Trace Route ......................................................................................... 12-37
Finger ........................................................................................................ 12-37
Security Options ........................................................................................ 12-38
Broadcast Forwarding ................................................................................ 12-38
IP Multicasting ........................................................................................... 12-39
Static Multicast Forwarding ................................................................. 12-39
Configuration Example .............................................................................. 12-40
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................... 12-40
No Route Exists to the Remote Switch ................................................. 12-40
Getting an IP Address from DHCP ........................................................ 12-40
Telnet Fails ........................................................................................... 12-41
Command Reference ................................................................................. 12-41
add ip advertise interface .................................................................... 12-42
add ip arp ........................................................................................... 12-43
add ip dns ........................................................................................... 12-44
add ip filter ......................................................................................... 12-46
add ip helper ....................................................................................... 12-53
add ip host .......................................................................................... 12-54
add ip interface ................................................................................... 12-55
add ip local ......................................................................................... 12-59
add ip route ........................................................................................ 12-60
add ip route template .......................................................................... 12-62
delete ip advertise interface ................................................................. 12-63
delete ip arp ........................................................................................ 12-63
delete ip dns ....................................................................................... 12-64
delete ip filter ...................................................................................... 12-64
delete ip helper ................................................................................... 12-65

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delete ip host ...................................................................................... 12-66

delete ip interface ............................................................................... 12-67
delete ip local ...................................................................................... 12-67
delete ip route ..................................................................................... 12-68
delete ip route template ...................................................................... 12-69
delete tcp ............................................................................................ 12-69
disable ip ............................................................................................. 12-70
disable ip advertise .............................................................................. 12-70
disable ip arp log ................................................................................. 12-70
disable ip debug .................................................................................. 12-71
disable ip dnsrelay ............................................................................... 12-71
disable ip echoreply ............................................................................. 12-71
disable ip fofilter ................................................................................. 12-72
disable ip forwarding ........................................................................... 12-73
disable ip helper .................................................................................. 12-73
disable ip icmpreply ............................................................................. 12-74
disable ip interface .............................................................................. 12-75
disable ip macdisparity ........................................................................ 12-76
disable ip route ................................................................................... 12-76
disable ip srcroute ............................................................................... 12-77
disable telnet server ............................................................................. 12-77
enable ip ............................................................................................. 12-78
enable ip advertise .............................................................................. 12-78
enable ip arp log ................................................................................. 12-79
enable ip debug .................................................................................. 12-79
enable ip dnsrelay ............................................................................... 12-80
enable ip echoreply ............................................................................. 12-80
enable ip fofilter .................................................................................. 12-81
enable ip forwarding ........................................................................... 12-82
enable ip helper .................................................................................. 12-82
enable ip icmpreply ............................................................................. 12-83
enable ip interface ............................................................................... 12-84
enable ip macdisparity ......................................................................... 12-85
enable ip route .................................................................................... 12-86
enable ip srcroute ................................................................................ 12-86
enable telnet server ............................................................................. 12-87
finger .................................................................................................. 12-88
ping .................................................................................................... 12-89
purge ip .............................................................................................. 12-90
reset ip ................................................................................................ 12-91
reset ip counter ................................................................................... 12-91
reset ip interface ................................................................................. 12-92
set ip advertise interface ...................................................................... 12-93
set ip arp ............................................................................................. 12-94
set ip arp refresharp ............................................................................ 12-95
set ip arp timeout ................................................................................ 12-95
set ip arpwaittimeout .......................................................................... 12-96
set ip dns ............................................................................................ 12-97
set ip dns cache ................................................................................... 12-98
set ip dnsrelay ..................................................................................... 12-99
set ip filter ......................................................................................... 12-100
set ip host ......................................................................................... 12-104
set ip interface .................................................................................. 12-105
set ip local ......................................................................................... 12-109
set ip nameserver .............................................................................. 12-110
set ip route ........................................................................................ 12-111
set ip route preference ...................................................................... 12-113
set ip route template ......................................................................... 12-114
set ip secondarynameserver ............................................................... 12-115

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set ping ............................................................................................. 12-116

set trace ............................................................................................ 12-118
show ip ............................................................................................. 12-120
show ip advertise .............................................................................. 12-123
show ip arp ....................................................................................... 12-124
show ip cache ................................................................................... 12-125
show ip counter ................................................................................ 12-126
show ip debug .................................................................................. 12-135
show ip dns ....................................................................................... 12-136
show ip dns cache ............................................................................. 12-138
show ip filter ..................................................................................... 12-139
show ip helper .................................................................................. 12-141
show ip host ..................................................................................... 12-143
show ip icmpreply ............................................................................. 12-144
show ip interface ............................................................................... 12-145
show ip route .................................................................................... 12-148
show ip route preference ................................................................... 12-152
show ip route template ..................................................................... 12-153
show ip udp ...................................................................................... 12-155
show ping ......................................................................................... 12-157
show tcp ........................................................................................... 12-159
show trace ........................................................................................ 12-164
stop ping ........................................................................................... 12-166
stop trace .......................................................................................... 12-166
trace ................................................................................................. 12-167

CHAPTER 13 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 13-2
Configuring the DHCP Server ....................................................................... 13-2
BOOTP Relay Agent ..................................................................................... 13-4
DHCP Option 82 Relay ................................................................................. 13-5
Configuring the DHCP Client ....................................................................... 13-5
DHC Files ..................................................................................................... 13-6
Configuration Example ................................................................................ 13-6
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 13-7
Command Reference ................................................................................... 13-8
add bootp relay ..................................................................................... 13-8
add dhcp policy ..................................................................................... 13-9
add dhcp range ................................................................................... 13-14
create dhcp policy ............................................................................... 13-15
create dhcp range ............................................................................... 13-16
delete bootp relay ............................................................................... 13-17
delete dhcp policy ............................................................................... 13-18
delete dhcp range ............................................................................... 13-22
destroy dhcp policy ............................................................................. 13-23
destroy dhcp range ............................................................................. 13-23
disable bootp relay .............................................................................. 13-24
disable bootp relay option82 ............................................................... 13-24
disable dhcp ........................................................................................ 13-25
enable bootp relay .............................................................................. 13-25
enable bootp relay option82 ............................................................... 13-26
enable dhcp ........................................................................................ 13-26
purge bootp relay ................................................................................ 13-27
set bootp maxhops .............................................................................. 13-27
set bootp relay option82 ..................................................................... 13-28
set bootp relay option82 port .............................................................. 13-29
set dhcp .............................................................................................. 13-30
set dhcp policy .................................................................................... 13-31

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set dhcp range .................................................................................... 13-36

show bootp relay ................................................................................ 13-37
show bootp relay port ......................................................................... 13-38
show dhcp .......................................................................................... 13-39
show dhcp client ................................................................................. 13-41
show dhcp policy ................................................................................ 13-43
show dhcp range ................................................................................ 13-44

CHAPTER 14 DHCP Snooping

Introduction ................................................................................................. 14-2
The Binding Database ............................................................................ 14-2
DHCP Filtering ....................................................................................... 14-3
DHCP Option 82 ................................................................................... 14-4
DHCP Snooping ARP Security ................................................................ 14-5
Configuration Examples ............................................................................... 14-5
Command Reference ................................................................................... 14-6
add dhcpsnooping binding .................................................................... 14-6
delete dhcpsnooping binding ................................................................ 14-7
disable dhcpsnooping ............................................................................ 14-7
disable dhcpsnooping arpsecurity .......................................................... 14-8
disable dhcpsnooping debug ................................................................. 14-8
disable dhcpsnooping option82 ............................................................. 14-9
enable dhcpsnooping ............................................................................ 14-9
enable dhcpsnooping arpsecurity ........................................................ 14-10
enable dhcpsnooping debug ............................................................... 14-11
enable dhcpsnooping option82 ........................................................... 14-12
set dhcpsnooping checkinterval ........................................................... 14-13
set dhcpsnooping port ........................................................................ 14-14
show dhcpsnooping ............................................................................ 14-16
show dhcpsnooping counter ............................................................... 14-17
show dhcpsnooping database ............................................................. 14-18
show dhcpsnooping filter .................................................................... 14-20
show dhcpsnooping port ..................................................................... 14-21

CHAPTER 15 IP Multicasting
Introduction ................................................................................................. 15-4
References ................................................................................................... 15-4
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) .............................................. 15-5
Configuring IGMP ................................................................................. 15-5
Static IGMP ........................................................................................... 15-6
IGMP Proxy ........................................................................................... 15-8
IGMP Snooping ................................................................................... 15-10
IGMP Filtering ..................................................................................... 15-12
IGMP Throttling ................................................................................... 15-14
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) ............................................................ 15-15
Dynamic MVR ..................................................................................... 15-15
Compatible MVR ................................................................................. 15-15
Immediate Leave ................................................................................. 15-15
Configuring MVR ................................................................................ 15-16
Configuration Examples ............................................................................. 15-17
Static IGMP ......................................................................................... 15-17
Command Reference ................................................................................. 15-17
add igmp filter .................................................................................... 15-18
add igmpsnooping routeraddress ........................................................ 15-19
add ip igmp destination ....................................................................... 15-20
add ip mvr ........................................................................................... 15-21
create igmp filter ................................................................................. 15-22
create ip igmp destination ................................................................... 15-23

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create ip mvr ....................................................................................... 15-24

delete igmp filter ................................................................................. 15-25
delete igmpsnooping routeraddress ..................................................... 15-25
delete ip igmp destination ................................................................... 15-26
delete ip mvr ....................................................................................... 15-27
destroy igmp filter ............................................................................... 15-27
destroy ip igmp destination ................................................................. 15-28
destroy ip mvr ..................................................................................... 15-28
disable igmpsnooping ......................................................................... 15-29
disable ip igmp .................................................................................... 15-29
disable ip igmp allgroup ...................................................................... 15-30
disable ip igmp debug ......................................................................... 15-30
disable ip igmp interface ..................................................................... 15-31
disable ip mvr ...................................................................................... 15-31
disable ip mvr debug ........................................................................... 15-32
enable igmpsnooping .......................................................................... 15-32
enable ip igmp .................................................................................... 15-33
enable ip igmp allgroup ....................................................................... 15-33
enable ip igmp debug ......................................................................... 15-34
enable ip igmp interface ...................................................................... 15-35
enable ip mvr ...................................................................................... 15-35
enable ip mvr debug ........................................................................... 15-36
set igmp filter ...................................................................................... 15-37
set igmpsnooping fastleave ................................................................. 15-38
set igmpsnooping routermode ............................................................ 15-39
set ip igmp .......................................................................................... 15-40
set ip igmp interface ............................................................................ 15-41
set ip mvr ............................................................................................ 15-42
show igmp filter .................................................................................. 15-43
show igmpsnooping ............................................................................ 15-44
show igmpsnooping counter ............................................................... 15-46
show igmpsnooping routeraddress ...................................................... 15-48
show ip igmp ...................................................................................... 15-49
show ip igmp counter ......................................................................... 15-52
show ip igmp debug ........................................................................... 15-55
show ip mvr ........................................................................................ 15-56
show ip mvr counter ........................................................................... 15-57

CHAPTER 16 Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 16-2
Configuring RIP ........................................................................................... 16-3
Redistributing Routes into RIP ...................................................................... 16-4
Statically-Configured Routes .................................................................. 16-4
Configuration Example ................................................................................ 16-5
Command Reference ................................................................................... 16-7
add ip rip interface ................................................................................ 16-7
add ip trusted ........................................................................................ 16-9
delete ip rip interface .......................................................................... 16-10
delete ip trusted .................................................................................. 16-11
set ip rip interface ............................................................................... 16-12
set ip riptimer ...................................................................................... 16-14
show ip rip .......................................................................................... 16-15
show ip rip counter ............................................................................. 16-16
show ip riptimer .................................................................................. 16-18
show ip trusted ................................................................................... 16-19

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CHAPTER 17 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 17-3
OSPF Features .............................................................................................. 17-3
Adjacency and Designated Routers .............................................................. 17-5
Link State Advertisements ............................................................................ 17-5
OSPF Packet Types ....................................................................................... 17-6
OSPF States ................................................................................................. 17-7
Automatic Cost Calculation ................................................................... 17-8
Routing with OSPF ....................................................................................... 17-9
Filtering OSPF Routes ................................................................................... 17-9
Network Types ........................................................................................... 17-10
Passive Interfaces ....................................................................................... 17-12
Authenticating OSPF .................................................................................. 17-13
Password Authentication ..................................................................... 17-13
Cryptographic Authentication ............................................................. 17-14
Exchanging Information Between OSPF and RIP ......................................... 17-15
Redistributing External Routes .................................................................... 17-15
Summarising Routes for Redistribution ....................................................... 17-17
Configuration Examples ............................................................................. 17-18
Basic OSPF Network ............................................................................ 17-18
OSPF Network with Virtual Links .......................................................... 17-20
Command Reference ................................................................................. 17-23
add ospf area ...................................................................................... 17-24
add ospf host ...................................................................................... 17-26
add ospf interface ............................................................................... 17-27
add ospf md5key ................................................................................ 17-31
add ospf neighbour ............................................................................. 17-32
add ospf range .................................................................................... 17-33
add ospf redistribute ........................................................................... 17-34
add ospf stub ...................................................................................... 17-36
add ospf summaryaddress ................................................................... 17-37
delete ospf area .................................................................................. 17-38
delete ospf host .................................................................................. 17-38
delete ospf interface ............................................................................ 17-39
delete ospf md5key ............................................................................. 17-40
delete ospf neighbour ......................................................................... 17-41
delete ospf range ................................................................................ 17-41
delete ospf redistribute ........................................................................ 17-42
delete ospf stub .................................................................................. 17-43
delete ospf summaryaddress ............................................................... 17-44
disable ospf ......................................................................................... 17-44
disable ospf debug .............................................................................. 17-45
disable ospf interface .......................................................................... 17-46
disable ospf log ................................................................................... 17-46
enable ospf ......................................................................................... 17-47
enable ospf debug .............................................................................. 17-48
enable ospf interface ........................................................................... 17-49
enable ospf log ................................................................................... 17-50
purge ospf .......................................................................................... 17-51
reset ospf ............................................................................................ 17-51
reset ospf counter ............................................................................... 17-52
reset ospf interface .............................................................................. 17-53
reset ospf spf ...................................................................................... 17-54
set ospf ............................................................................................... 17-55
set ospf area ....................................................................................... 17-58
set ospf host ....................................................................................... 17-60
set ospf interface ................................................................................. 17-61
set ospf neighbour .............................................................................. 17-65
set ospf range ..................................................................................... 17-66

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set ospf redistribute ............................................................................. 17-67

set ospf stub ....................................................................................... 17-69
set ospf summaryaddress .................................................................... 17-70
show ospf ........................................................................................... 17-71
show ospf area .................................................................................... 17-73
show ospf debug ................................................................................ 17-75
show ospf host .................................................................................... 17-76
show ospf interface ............................................................................. 17-78
show ospf lsa ...................................................................................... 17-82
show ospf md5key .............................................................................. 17-87
show ospf neighbour .......................................................................... 17-88
show ospf range ................................................................................. 17-89
show ospf redistribute ......................................................................... 17-91
show ospf route .................................................................................. 17-92
show ospf stub .................................................................................... 17-94
show ospf summaryaddress ................................................................. 17-95

CHAPTER 18 Filtering IP Routes

Introduction ................................................................................................. 18-3
Types of Filters ............................................................................................. 18-4
About Prefix Lists ................................................................................... 18-4
About Route Maps ................................................................................ 18-4
About IP Route Filters ............................................................................ 18-6
Creating Filters ............................................................................................. 18-7
Creating Prefix Lists ............................................................................... 18-7
Creating Route Maps for OSPF Routes ................................................... 18-7
Creating IP Route Filters ...................................................................... 18-11
Applying Filters .......................................................................................... 18-12
Applying Filters When Writing to the RIB ............................................. 18-12
Applying Filters When Redistributing from the RIB ............................... 18-13
Applying Filters Before Advertising Routes ........................................... 18-15
Overview of Filters for each Route Source .................................................. 18-16
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ........................................................... 18-16
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ....................................................... 18-18
Interface Routes .................................................................................. 18-19
Statically-Configured Routes ................................................................ 18-19
Command Reference ................................................................................. 18-20
add ip prefixlist .................................................................................... 18-21
add ip route filter ................................................................................ 18-23
add ip routemap ................................................................................. 18-26
delete ip prefixlist ................................................................................ 18-29
delete ip route filter ............................................................................. 18-29
delete ip routemap .............................................................................. 18-30
set ip prefixlist ..................................................................................... 18-31
set ip route filter .................................................................................. 18-32
set ip routemap ................................................................................... 18-34
show ip prefixlist ................................................................................. 18-37
show ip route filter .............................................................................. 18-38
show ip routemap ............................................................................... 18-39

CHAPTER 19 Generic Packet Classifier

Introduction ................................................................................................. 19-2
Configuration of Classifiers ................................................................... 19-2
Command Reference ................................................................................... 19-3
create classifier ...................................................................................... 19-4
destroy classifier .................................................................................. 19-10
set classifier ......................................................................................... 19-11
show classifier ..................................................................................... 19-15

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CHAPTER 20 Quality of Service (QoS)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 20-3
Quality of Service (QoS) ............................................................................... 20-3
Configuring QoS .......................................................................................... 20-4
Alternative Methods of Configuring QoS Functionality .......................... 20-6
Classifiers .............................................................................................. 20-6
Flow Groups .......................................................................................... 20-7
Traffic Classes ........................................................................................ 20-7
Policies .................................................................................................. 20-8
QoS Policy Configuration Rules .............................................................. 20-8
Packet Processing ......................................................................................... 20-9
Bandwidth Allocation .......................................................................... 20-10
Packet Prioritisation ............................................................................. 20-10
Class of Service (CoS) Queue Scheduling ............................................. 20-12
Replacing Priorities .............................................................................. 20-12
DiffServ Domains ....................................................................................... 20-13
Examples of QoS Applications .................................................................... 20-15
Voice Applications ............................................................................... 20-15
Video Applications .............................................................................. 20-16
Critical Databases ................................................................................ 20-16
Command Reference ................................................................................. 20-18
add qos flowgroup .............................................................................. 20-18
add qos policy ..................................................................................... 20-19
add qos trafficclass .............................................................................. 20-20
create qos flowgroup .......................................................................... 20-21
create qos policy ................................................................................. 20-22
create qos trafficclass .......................................................................... 20-23
delete qos flowgroup .......................................................................... 20-25
delete qos policy ................................................................................. 20-26
delete qos trafficclass .......................................................................... 20-27
destroy qos flowgroup ........................................................................ 20-28
destroy qos policy ................................................................................ 20-29
destroy qos trafficclass ......................................................................... 20-30
disable qos debug ............................................................................... 20-30
enable qos debug ................................................................................ 20-31
purge qos ............................................................................................ 20-31
set qos flowgroup ............................................................................... 20-32
set qos hwpriority ................................................................................ 20-33
set qos hwqueue ................................................................................. 20-34
set qos policy ...................................................................................... 20-35
set qos port ......................................................................................... 20-36
set qos trafficclass ............................................................................... 20-37
show qos flowgroup ........................................................................... 20-39
show qos hwpriority ............................................................................ 20-40
show qos hwqueue ............................................................................. 20-41
show qos policy ................................................................................... 20-42
show qos trafficclass ........................................................................... 20-44

CHAPTER 21 User Authentication

Introduction ................................................................................................. 21-3
Privilege Levels ............................................................................................. 21-3
User Level .............................................................................................. 21-3
Manager Level ....................................................................................... 21-4
Security Officer Level ............................................................................. 21-5
Remote Security Officer Level ................................................................ 21-6
Operating Modes ......................................................................................... 21-7
User Authentication Facility .......................................................................... 21-8
User Authentication Database .................................................................... 21-10

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Adding Entries to the User Authentication Database ............................ 21-10

Modifying Entries in the User Authentication Database ........................ 21-11
Choosing Passwords ............................................................................ 21-11
Asynchronous Port Security ................................................................. 21-12
Telneting from the Switch .................................................................... 21-13
Counters ............................................................................................. 21-14
Semipermanent Manager Port ............................................................. 21-14
RADIUS ...................................................................................................... 21-15
TACACS .................................................................................................... 21-18
TACACS+ .................................................................................................. 21-19
Token Card Authentication ........................................................................ 21-23
Token Card Authentication on the Switch ............................................ 21-23
Using Token Card with TACACS+ ........................................................ 21-24
Using Token Card with RADIUS or TACACS ......................................... 21-25
Debug Support for RADIUS, TACACS and TACACS+ .................................. 21-27
S/Key and OTP One-Time Password Systems .............................................. 21-27
Initialising the S/Key or OTP System on the Authentication Server ........ 21-28
Configuring S/Key and OTP on the Switch ........................................... 21-29
Command Reference ................................................................................. 21-31
add radius server ................................................................................. 21-31
add tacacs server ................................................................................. 21-32
add tacplus server ............................................................................... 21-33
add user .............................................................................................. 21-34
add user rso ........................................................................................ 21-36
delete radius server ............................................................................. 21-37
delete tacacs server ............................................................................. 21-37
delete tacplus server ............................................................................ 21-38
delete user .......................................................................................... 21-38
delete user rso ..................................................................................... 21-39
disable radius debug ........................................................................... 21-39
disable system security_mode .............................................................. 21-40
disable tacacs debug ........................................................................... 21-40
disable tacplus ..................................................................................... 21-40
disable tacplus debug .......................................................................... 21-41
disable user ......................................................................................... 21-41
disable user rso ................................................................................... 21-42
enable ................................................................................................. 21-42
enable radius debug ............................................................................ 21-43
enable system security_mode .............................................................. 21-44
enable tacacs debug ............................................................................ 21-45
enable tacplus ..................................................................................... 21-45
enable tacplus debug .......................................................................... 21-46
enable user ......................................................................................... 21-46
enable user rso .................................................................................... 21-47
login ................................................................................................... 21-48
logoff .................................................................................................. 21-49
purge user ........................................................................................... 21-49
reset user ............................................................................................ 21-50
set manager asyn ................................................................................ 21-51
set password ....................................................................................... 21-52
set radius ............................................................................................ 21-53
set skey ............................................................................................... 21-53
set tacplus key ..................................................................................... 21-54
set tacplus server ................................................................................. 21-54
set tacplus telnet ................................................................................. 21-55
set user ............................................................................................... 21-56
show manager asyn ............................................................................ 21-58
show radius ......................................................................................... 21-59
show radius debug .............................................................................. 21-60

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show skey ........................................................................................... 21-61

show tacacs debug .............................................................................. 21-63
show tacacs server .............................................................................. 21-64
show tacplus ....................................................................................... 21-65
show tacplus key ................................................................................. 21-65
show tacplus server ............................................................................. 21-66
show tacplus telnet ............................................................................. 21-67
show tacplus user ................................................................................ 21-68
show user ........................................................................................... 21-69
show user rso ...................................................................................... 21-74

CHAPTER 22 Encryption Services

Introduction ................................................................................................. 22-2
Data Encryption ........................................................................................... 22-2
Symmetrical Encryption ......................................................................... 22-2
Asymmetrical (Public Key) Encryption ..................................................... 22-3
ENCO Services ............................................................................................. 22-4
Encryption ............................................................................................. 22-4
Key Creation and Storage ...................................................................... 22-5
Access Control ............................................................................................. 22-6
Command Reference ................................................................................... 22-8
create enco key ..................................................................................... 22-8
destroy enco key ................................................................................. 22-10
disable enco debugging ...................................................................... 22-10
enable enco debugging ....................................................................... 22-11
reset enco counter .............................................................................. 22-11
set enco key ........................................................................................ 22-12
show enco key .................................................................................... 22-13

CHAPTER 23 Port Authentication

Introduction ................................................................................................. 23-2
802.1x Port Based Network Access Control .................................................. 23-2
The 802.1x Implementation ................................................................... 23-2
Port Authentication Control .................................................................. 23-6
The Authentication Server ..................................................................... 23-7
The Authentication Process ................................................................... 23-8
802.1x Guest VLAN ................................................................................... 23-10
MAC-Based Authentication ....................................................................... 23-10
The MAC-Based Authentication Implementation ................................. 23-10
The MAC-Based Authentication Process .............................................. 23-12
Dynamic VLAN Assignment ........................................................................ 23-13
Port Authentication on the Switch ............................................................. 23-15
Enable Port Authentication on the Switch ............................................ 23-15
Enable Port Authentication on a Port ................................................... 23-15
Reauthenticate Supplicants .................................................................. 23-17
Setting Global 802.1x Username and Password ................................... 23-17
Debug Port Authentication .................................................................. 23-18
Multi-Supplicant Configuration ........................................................... 23-18
Configuration Examples ............................................................................. 23-20
Port as Authenticator .......................................................................... 23-20
Port as Supplicant ................................................................................ 23-21
Command Reference ................................................................................. 23-22
activate portauth port reauthenticate .................................................. 23-23
disable portauth .................................................................................. 23-24
disable portauth debug ....................................................................... 23-25
disable portauth port ........................................................................... 23-26
enable portauth .................................................................................. 23-27
enable portauth debug ........................................................................ 23-28

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enable portauth port ........................................................................... 23-29

purge portauth port ............................................................................ 23-35
reset portauth port .............................................................................. 23-36
reset portauth port multimib ............................................................... 23-37
set portauth port ................................................................................. 23-38
set portauth port supplicantmac .......................................................... 23-44
set portauth username ........................................................................ 23-47
show portauth .................................................................................... 23-49
show portauth counter ........................................................................ 23-51
show portauth port ............................................................................. 23-54
show portauth port multisupplicant ..................................................... 23-62
show portauth timer ........................................................................... 23-67

CHAPTER 24 Secure Shell

Introduction ................................................................................................. 24-2
Secure Shell on the Switch ........................................................................... 24-3
Configuring Secure Shell .............................................................................. 24-4
Configuration Examples ............................................................................... 24-6
Command Reference ................................................................................. 24-10
add ssh user ........................................................................................ 24-11
delete ssh session ................................................................................ 24-12
delete ssh user .................................................................................... 24-12
disable ssh debug ................................................................................ 24-13
disable ssh server ................................................................................. 24-13
disable ssh user ................................................................................... 24-14
enable ssh debug ................................................................................ 24-14
enable ssh server ................................................................................. 24-15
enable ssh user .................................................................................... 24-16
set ssh client ........................................................................................ 24-17
set ssh server ....................................................................................... 24-18
set ssh user ......................................................................................... 24-20
show ssh ............................................................................................. 24-21
show ssh counter ................................................................................ 24-23
show ssh session ................................................................................. 24-31
show ssh user ...................................................................................... 24-34
ssh ...................................................................................................... 24-36

CHAPTER 25 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 25-2
SSL Operations ............................................................................................ 25-2
Phases ................................................................................................... 25-3
SSL on the Switch ........................................................................................ 25-5
SSL and the Graphical User Interface ..................................................... 25-5
Configuration Example ................................................................................ 25-6
Command Reference ................................................................................... 25-8
disable ssl debug ................................................................................... 25-9
enable ssl debug ................................................................................... 25-9
set ssl .................................................................................................. 25-10
show ssl .............................................................................................. 25-11
show ssl counters ................................................................................ 25-13
show ssl sessions ................................................................................. 25-21

CHAPTER 26 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 26-2
Overview of PKI ........................................................................................... 26-2
Public Keys ............................................................................................ 26-2
Certificates ............................................................................................ 26-3
Elements of a Public Key Infrastructure .................................................. 26-5
Certificate Validation ............................................................................. 26-6
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Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) .......................................................... 26-6

PKI on the Switch ........................................................................................ 26-7
Certificate Retrieval and Storage ............................................................ 26-7
Certificate Validation ............................................................................. 26-8
Certificate Revocation Lists .................................................................... 26-9
Requesting a Certificate ........................................................................ 26-9
Global PKI Parameters ......................................................................... 26-10
Configuration Examples ............................................................................. 26-11
Manual Enrollment .............................................................................. 26-12
Automatic Enrollment with CMP ......................................................... 26-14
Command Reference ................................................................................. 26-16
add pki certificate ................................................................................ 26-16
add pki crl ........................................................................................... 26-18
add pki ldaprepository ......................................................................... 26-19
create pki certificate ............................................................................ 26-20
create pki enrollmentrequest ............................................................... 26-21
create pki keyupdaterequest ................................................................ 26-22
delete pki certificate ............................................................................ 26-23
delete pki crl ....................................................................................... 26-23
delete pki ldaprepository ..................................................................... 26-24
destroy pki enrollmentrequest ............................................................. 26-24
destroy pki keyupdaterequest .............................................................. 26-25
disable pki debug ................................................................................ 26-25
enable pki debug ................................................................................ 26-26
purge pki ............................................................................................ 26-27
set pki ................................................................................................. 26-28
set pki certificate ................................................................................. 26-29
set pki crl ............................................................................................ 26-30
set pki ldaprepository .......................................................................... 26-31
set system distinguishedname ............................................................. 26-32
show pki ............................................................................................. 26-33
show pki certificate ............................................................................. 26-40
show pki crl ......................................................................................... 26-43
show pki enrollmentrequest ................................................................ 26-46
show pki keyupdaterequest ................................................................. 26-48
show pki ldaprepository ...................................................................... 26-50

CHAPTER 27 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 27-2
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ............................................................. 27-2
Interface Monitoring .................................................................................... 27-3
Port Monitoring ........................................................................................... 27-4
VRRP on the Switch ..................................................................................... 27-4
Adopting the VRRP IP Address ..................................................................... 27-6
Triggers ........................................................................................................ 27-8
Configuration Example ................................................................................ 27-9
Master with Backup Switch ................................................................... 27-9
Authenticated Virtual Router with No Preferred Master ......................... 27-9
Command Reference ................................................................................. 27-11
add vrrp .............................................................................................. 27-11
add vrrp monitoredinterface ................................................................ 27-12
create vrrp ........................................................................................... 27-13
delete vrrp ........................................................................................... 27-16
delete vrrp monitoredinterface ............................................................ 27-17
destroy vrrp ......................................................................................... 27-17
disable vrrp ......................................................................................... 27-18
disable vrrp debug ............................................................................... 27-18
enable vrrp .......................................................................................... 27-19
enable vrrp debug ............................................................................... 27-19
set vrrp ................................................................................................ 27-20
show vrrp ............................................................................................ 27-23
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CHAPTER 28 Ping Polling of Device Reachability

Introduction ................................................................................................. 28-2
Configuring Ping Polling .............................................................................. 28-2
Triggers ........................................................................................................ 28-4
Logging ....................................................................................................... 28-6
Interaction with Other Protocols ................................................................... 28-6
Ping and Traceroute ............................................................................... 28-6
Command Reference ................................................................................... 28-6
add ping poll ......................................................................................... 28-7
delete ping poll ..................................................................................... 28-9
disable ping poll .................................................................................... 28-9
disable ping poll debug ....................................................................... 28-10
enable ping poll .................................................................................. 28-10
enable ping poll debug ........................................................................ 28-11
reset ping poll ..................................................................................... 28-11
set ping poll ........................................................................................ 28-12
show ping poll .................................................................................... 28-14

CHAPTER 29 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 29-3
Network Management Framework .............................................................. 29-3
Structure of Management Information ......................................................... 29-5
Names ................................................................................................... 29-6
Instances ............................................................................................... 29-6
Syntax ................................................................................................... 29-7
Access ................................................................................................... 29-7
Status .................................................................................................... 29-8
Description ............................................................................................ 29-8
The SNMP Protocol ...................................................................................... 29-9
SNMP Versions ...................................................................................... 29-9
SNMP Messages .................................................................................. 29-10
Polling versus Event Notification .......................................................... 29-10
Message Format for SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c ........................................ 29-10
SNMP Communities (Version v1 and v2c) ............................................. 29-11
SNMPv3 Entities .................................................................................. 29-12
SNMPv3 Message Protocol Format ...................................................... 29-13
SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c on the Switch ........................................................ 29-15
SNMP MIB Views for SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c ....................................... 29-15
SNMP Communities ............................................................................ 29-16
Configuration Example (SNMPv1 and v2) ................................................... 29-20
SNMPv3 on the Switch .............................................................................. 29-21
SNMP MIB Views for SNMPv3 .............................................................. 29-21
SNMP Defined MIB Names .................................................................. 29-21
SNMP Groups ...................................................................................... 29-22
SNMP Users ......................................................................................... 29-23
SNMP Target Addresses ....................................................................... 29-23
SNMP Target Params ........................................................................... 29-23
Configuration Example (SNMPv3) .............................................................. 29-24
Command Reference ................................................................................. 29-25
add snmp community .......................................................................... 29-25
add snmp group .................................................................................. 29-27
add snmp targetaddr ........................................................................... 29-28
add snmp targetparams ...................................................................... 29-29
add snmp user .................................................................................... 29-30
add snmp view .................................................................................... 29-32
create snmp community ...................................................................... 29-33
delete snmp community ...................................................................... 29-35
delete snmp group .............................................................................. 29-36

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delete snmp targetaddr ....................................................................... 29-36

delete snmp targetparams ................................................................... 29-37
delete snmp user ................................................................................. 29-37
delete snmp view ................................................................................ 29-38
destroy snmp community .................................................................... 29-39
disable snmp ....................................................................................... 29-39
disable snmp authenticate_trap ........................................................... 29-39
disable snmp community ..................................................................... 29-40
enable snmp ....................................................................................... 29-40
enable snmp authenticate_trap ........................................................... 29-41
enable snmp community ..................................................................... 29-41
purge snmp ......................................................................................... 29-42
set snmp community ........................................................................... 29-42
set snmp engineid ............................................................................... 29-43
set snmp group ................................................................................... 29-44
set snmp local ..................................................................................... 29-45
set snmp targetaddr ............................................................................ 29-46
set snmp targetparams ........................................................................ 29-47
set snmp user ...................................................................................... 29-48
show snmp ......................................................................................... 29-49
show snmp community ....................................................................... 29-52
show snmp group ............................................................................... 29-53
show snmp targetaddr ........................................................................ 29-54
show snmp targetparams .................................................................... 29-55
show snmp user .................................................................................. 29-56
show snmp view ................................................................................. 29-57

CHAPTER 30 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 30-2
Overview of Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) ................................................. 30-2
CDP Advertisements .............................................................................. 30-3
CDP Neighbours .................................................................................... 30-3
CDP on the Switch ....................................................................................... 30-4
Receiving and Checking Advertisements ................................................ 30-4
Storing CDP Data .................................................................................. 30-4
Configuring CDP ......................................................................................... 30-5
Triggers ................................................................................................. 30-5
Command Reference ................................................................................... 30-7
disable lldp cdp ..................................................................................... 30-7
disable lldp cdp debug .......................................................................... 30-8
disable lldp cdp interface ....................................................................... 30-9
disable lldp cdp ppptemplate ................................................................. 30-9
enable lldp cdp .................................................................................... 30-10
enable lldp cdp debug ......................................................................... 30-10
enable lldp cdp interface ..................................................................... 30-11
enable lldp cdp ppptemplate ............................................................... 30-11
reset lldp cdp counters ........................................................................ 30-12
reset lldp cdp table .............................................................................. 30-12
show lldp cdp ...................................................................................... 30-13
show lldp cdp counters ....................................................................... 30-14
show lldp cdp entry ............................................................................. 30-15
show lldp cdp interface ....................................................................... 30-17
show lldp cdp neighbour ..................................................................... 30-18

CHAPTER 31 Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Introduction ................................................................................................. 31-2
Overview ..................................................................................................... 31-2
NTP on the Switch ....................................................................................... 31-4
Configuration Example ................................................................................ 31-4
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 31-7

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Command Reference ................................................................................... 31-8

add ntp peer ......................................................................................... 31-8
delete ntp peer ...................................................................................... 31-8
disable ntp ............................................................................................ 31-9
enable ntp ............................................................................................. 31-9
purge ntp .............................................................................................. 31-9
reset ntp ............................................................................................. 31-10
set ntp utcoffset .................................................................................. 31-10
show ntp ............................................................................................. 31-11

CHAPTER 32 Management Stacking

Introduction ................................................................................................. 32-2
What is Stacking? ........................................................................................ 32-2
How Stacking Works .................................................................................... 32-4
Configuring a Stack ..................................................................................... 32-6
Configuration Example .............................................................................. 32-14
Command Reference ................................................................................. 32-16
Host-Directed Commands (HDC) ......................................................... 32-16
add stack interface .............................................................................. 32-17
delete stack interface .......................................................................... 32-17
disable stack ........................................................................................ 32-18
disable stack debug ............................................................................. 32-19
enable stack ........................................................................................ 32-20
enable stack debug ............................................................................. 32-21
set stack authentication ....................................................................... 32-22
set stack stackid .................................................................................. 32-23
set system hostid ................................................................................. 32-24
show stack .......................................................................................... 32-25

CHAPTER 33 Scripting
Introduction ................................................................................................. 33-2
Activating a Script at Login .................................................................... 33-2
Creating Scripts ........................................................................................... 33-3
Using Script Commands ........................................................................ 33-3
Using the Built-In Text Editor .................................................................. 33-3
Loading from a TFTP Server .................................................................... 33-4
Loading from an Asynchronous Port ...................................................... 33-4
Using Scripts ................................................................................................ 33-4
Script Parameters ......................................................................................... 33-5
Script Control Structures .............................................................................. 33-5
Command Reference ................................................................................... 33-6
activate script ........................................................................................ 33-7
add script .............................................................................................. 33-8
deactivate script .................................................................................... 33-9
delete script ........................................................................................ 33-10
if..then..else..endif .............................................................................. 33-11
set script ............................................................................................. 33-12
show script .......................................................................................... 33-13
wait .................................................................................................... 33-15

CHAPTER 34 Trigger Facility

Introduction ................................................................................................. 34-2
Defining Triggers .......................................................................................... 34-3
Command Reference ................................................................................... 34-4
activate trigger ...................................................................................... 34-4
add trigger ............................................................................................ 34-5
create trigger ........................................................................................ 34-6
delete trigger ...................................................................................... 34-11
destroy trigger ..................................................................................... 34-11
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disable trigger ..................................................................................... 34-12

enable trigger ...................................................................................... 34-12
purge trigger ....................................................................................... 34-13
set trigger ........................................................................................... 34-13
show trigger ........................................................................................ 34-17

CHAPTER 35 Logging Facility

Introduction ................................................................................................. 35-2
Format of Log Messages .............................................................................. 35-3
Secure Router Log Protocol (SRLP) ................................................................ 35-4
Net Manage Message Protocol ..................................................................... 35-4
Processing Log Messages ............................................................................. 35-4
Output Definitions and Message Filters .................................................. 35-4
Destinations .......................................................................................... 35-6
Configuring Output Definitions ............................................................. 35-8
Configuring Message Filters .................................................................. 35-8
Command Reference ................................................................................... 35-9
add log output .................................................................................... 35-10
add log receive .................................................................................... 35-13
create log output ................................................................................ 35-14
delete log output ................................................................................ 35-18
delete log receive ................................................................................ 35-18
destroy log output ............................................................................... 35-19
disable log ........................................................................................... 35-19
disable log generation ......................................................................... 35-19
disable log output ............................................................................... 35-20
disable log reception ........................................................................... 35-20
enable log ........................................................................................... 35-21
enable log generation ......................................................................... 35-21
enable log output ................................................................................ 35-22
enable log reception ............................................................................ 35-22
flush log output .................................................................................. 35-23
purge log ............................................................................................ 35-23
set log output ..................................................................................... 35-24
set log receive ..................................................................................... 35-30
set log utcoffset .................................................................................. 35-31
show log ............................................................................................. 35-32
show log counter ................................................................................ 35-38
show log output .................................................................................. 35-40
show log queue .................................................................................. 35-44
show log receive ................................................................................. 35-45
show log status ................................................................................... 35-47

CHAPTER 36 Terminal Server

Introduction ................................................................................................. 36-2
TTY Devices ................................................................................................. 36-2
Multiple Sessions ......................................................................................... 36-5
Accessing Telnet Hosts and Other Services ................................................... 36-6
Telnet .................................................................................................... 36-6
Remote Management ............................................................................ 36-7
Services ................................................................................................. 36-7
Client Command Limitations ................................................................. 36-8
Configuration Examples ............................................................................... 36-8
Telnet Service ........................................................................................ 36-8
Locally Defined Service .......................................................................... 36-9
Remote Use of Asynchronous Services ................................................. 36-10
Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 36-11

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Command Reference ................................................................................. 36-12

connect ............................................................................................... 36-12
create service ...................................................................................... 36-14
destroy service ..................................................................................... 36-15
disable telnet server ............................................................................. 36-15
disconnect ........................................................................................... 36-16
enable telnet server ............................................................................. 36-16
reconnect ............................................................................................ 36-17
set service ........................................................................................... 36-18
set telnet ............................................................................................. 36-19
set tty .................................................................................................. 36-20
show service ........................................................................................ 36-21
show sessions ...................................................................................... 36-22
show telnet ......................................................................................... 36-23
show tty .............................................................................................. 36-24
telnet .................................................................................................. 36-28

CHAPTER 37 Test Facility

Introduction ................................................................................................. 37-2
Ethernet Port Tests ....................................................................................... 37-3
Asynchronous Port Tests ............................................................................... 37-5
Command Reference ................................................................................... 37-6
disable test interface ............................................................................. 37-6
enable test interface .............................................................................. 37-7
reset test interface ................................................................................. 37-8
show test .............................................................................................. 37-9

APPENDIX A Messages
Introduction .................................................................................................. A-3
Message Descriptions ................................................................................... A-4
smmm001–smmm255: Global Messages ................................................ A-4
s005256–s005999: Internet Protocol (IP) .............................................. A-14
s018256–s018999: TEST Module ......................................................... A-26
s022256–s022999: TCP ....................................................................... A-28
s023256–s023999: Ethernet Driver ...................................................... A-28
s031256–s031999: FLASH Driver .......................................................... A-29
s033256–s033999: TELNET .................................................................. A-30
s034256–s034999: System ................................................................... A-31
s035256–s035999: Command Processor .............................................. A-34
s036256–s036999: TTY ........................................................................ A-34
s039256–s039999: BOOTP ................................................................... A-37
s040256–s040999: Network Time Protocol (NTP) ................................. A-37
s043256–s043999: PORT Driver ........................................................... A-39
s045256–s045999: User Authentication Facility .................................... A-42
s048256–s048999: LOADER ................................................................. A-46
s049256–s049999: INSTALL ................................................................. A-49
s050256–s050999: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) .............................. A-52
s051256–s051999: RADIUS .................................................................. A-56
s053256–s053999: Trigger Facility ........................................................ A-57
s054256–s054999: Scripting ................................................................ A-59
s056256–s056999: File Subsystem ....................................................... A-60
s057256–s057999: Logging Facility ...................................................... A-62
s058256–s058999: PING ...................................................................... A-66
s059256–s059999: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ...... A-68
s062256–s062999: Security Associations .............................................. A-71
s070256–s070999: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ........ A-72
s073256–s073999: Encryption ............................................................. A-73
s074256–s074999: Star Key Management ........................................... A-75

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s075256–s075999: Secure Shell ........................................................... A-76

s083256–s083999: Finger .................................................................... A-78
s084256–s084999: HTTP ...................................................................... A-78
s087256–s087999: Layer 3 Switching .................................................. A-79
s088256–s088999: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) ............ A-93
s089256–s089999: VLANs ................................................................... A-95
s091256–s091999: GARP ................................................................... A-106
s092256–s092999: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ................................ A-109
s093256–s093999: GUI ...................................................................... A-112
s095256–s095999: Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) .............................. A-114
s096256–s096999: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) ....... A-115
s097256–s097999: Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) ................... A-119
s099256–s099999: Quality of Service (QoS) ....................................... A-122
s100256–s100999: Generic Classifier ................................................. A-125
s112256–s112999: S/Key ................................................................... A-127
s118256–s118999: Port Authentication ............................................. A-127
s120256–s120999: Management Stacking ......................................... A-130
s124256–s124999: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) ............... A-130
s132256–s132999: Link Layer Discovery Protocol ............................... A-133
s137256–s137999: DHCP Snooping ................................................... A-134

APPENDIX B Reference Tables

Module Identifiers and Names ....................................................................... B-2
Flash File System Message Codes ................................................................... B-7
Log Message Types and Subtypes ................................................................... B-9

APPENDIX C SNMP MIBs

Introduction .................................................................................................. C-3
Allied Telesis Enterprise MIB .......................................................................... C-4
Products Subtree .................................................................................... C-5
AT Router Subtree .................................................................................. C-9
Objects Group ........................................................................................ C-9
traps Group .......................................................................................... C-16
sysinfo Group ....................................................................................... C-16
arInterfaces Group ............................................................................... C-16
Modules Group .................................................................................... C-18
MIB-II MIB ................................................................................................... C-26
Implementation .................................................................................... C-27
Interface Extensions MIB ............................................................................. C-28
Implementation .................................................................................... C-29
IP Forwarding Table MIB .............................................................................. C-30
Implementation .................................................................................... C-30
Ethernet-like Interface Types MIB ................................................................ C-31
Implementation .................................................................................... C-31
Medium Attachment Unit (MAU) MIB ......................................................... C-32
Implementation .................................................................................... C-33
Bridge MIB .................................................................................................. C-34
Implementation .................................................................................... C-35
Virtual Bridge (VLAN) MIB ........................................................................... C-36
Implementation .................................................................................... C-36
Link Aggregation MIB ................................................................................. C-38
Implementation .................................................................................... C-39
Port Access Control MIB .............................................................................. C-40
Implementation .................................................................................... C-41
RMON MIB ................................................................................................. C-42
Implementation .................................................................................... C-43
Host Resources MIB .................................................................................... C-44
Implementation .................................................................................... C-45

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SNMP v3 MIBs ............................................................................................ C-47

Implementation .................................................................................... C-47
State and Topology Change Traps ............................................................... C-48

Glossary

Index

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