OET Reading Sub-test Practice 1
TIME LIMIT 15 MINUTES
• Complete the following summary using the information in the four texts provided.
• You do not need to read each test from beginning to end to complete the task.
You should scan the texts to find the information you need.
• Gaps may require 1, 2 or 3 words.
• You should write your answers next to the appropriate number in the right hand
column.
• Please use correct spelling in your response.
TEXT 1
Background: Cigarette smoking is an established predictor of incident type 2 diabetes
mellitus, but the effects of smoking cessation on diabetes risk are unknown.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that smoking cessation increases diabetes risk in the
short term, possibly owing to cessation-related weight gain.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study.
Patients: 10892 middle-aged adults who initially did not have diabetes in 1987 to 1989.
Measurements: Smoking was assessed by interview at baseline and at subsequent follow-
up. Incident diabetes was ascertained by fasting glucose assays through 1998 and self-
report of physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medications through 2004.
Results: During 9 years of follow-up, 1254 adults developed type 2 diabetes. Compared
with adults who never smoked, the adjusted hazard ratio of incident diabetes in the
highest tertile of pack-years was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.67). In the first 3 years of
follow-up, 380 adults quit smoking. After adjustment for age, race, sex, education,
adiposity, physical activity, lipid levels, blood pressure, and ARIC Study center,
compared with adults who never smoked, the hazard ratios of diabetes among former
smokers, new quitters, and continuing smokers were 1.22 (CI, 0.99 to 1.50), 1.73 (CI,
1.19 to 2.53), and 1.31 (CI, 1.04 to 1.65), respectively. Further adjustment for weight
change and leukocyte count attenuated these risks substantially. In an analysis of long-
term risk after quitting, the highest risk occurred in the first 3 years (hazard ratio, 1.91
[CI, 1.19 to 3.05]), then gradually decreased to 0 at 12 years.
Limitation: Residual confounding is possible even with meticulous adjustment for
established diabetes risk factors.
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking predicts incident type 2 diabetes, but smoking cessation
leads to higher short-term risk. For smokers at risk for diabetes, smoking cessation should
be coupled with strategies for diabetes prevention and early detection.
TEXT 2:
The national and global impact of smoking:
All Adults Teenagers Men Women
Deaths globally from 10% of all
smoking-related deaths
diseases (50% of
smokers)
Smoking rates 20% (13-15) 33%
worldwide
Global advertising >50%
expenditure of
tobacco companies
Smoking rates in 10% 18% 15.2%
Australia (2007)
Smoking- related 15,511
deaths in Australia
(2003)
Smoking-related 55,591
hospital admissions
in NSW (2003)
TEXT 3
Case Study 1
Jody is a 34-year-old woman who presents with a persistent cough. She smokes two
packs of cigarettes per day. She began smoking when she was 14 years old. Jody has two
children under 5 years of age, one of whom has frequent respiratory infections. She
complains to the nurse at the clinic, "I just can't seem to kick the habit no matter how
hard I try." Jodie is advised to try a nicotine patch to help her deal with her cravings. She
is also given information on how to quit smoking and advised to contact a helpline for
support and counselling to help her give up smoking.
Case Study 2
Sarah, 79 is brought into the ED with an acute asthma attack. She is given Ventolin by
nebuliser, prednisolone and IV anti-biotics. She smokes up to ten cigarettes a day. and
has been a smoker for over forty years. Tests show that she has chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD).
TEXT 4
Research findings on smoking in Australia
• Tobacco use accounted for 7.8% of the total burden of disease and injury in
Australia 2003
• Smoking rates among indigenous Australians are considerably higher than those
for the non-indigenous community in every age group.
• More than 4,000 toxic or carcinogenic chemicals have been found in tobacco
smoke.
• Smoking is toxic to the unborn child, and studies have shown that getting
pregnant may be more difficult for smokers.
• Most cases of lung cancer, close to 90% in men, and 80% in women are caused by
cigarette smoking.
Summary Task
Summary Answers
A recent study investigated whether giving up
smoking can increase the risk of diabetes
1.
Mellitus, possibly due to (1) ….. In the study, (2)
2.
….. adult smokers were interviewed twice, then
followed up over a period of (3) ….. to see 3.
whether they developed diabetes. Results
4.
revealed that the risk was (4) ….. in the first three
years, with (5) ….. risk after 12 years. The study
5.
recommended strategies to (6) ………… diabetes
for those who were trying to give up smoking. 6.
7.
In Australia, statistics reveal that (7) ….. men
smoke than women, with about 10% of (8) 8.
………… taking up the habit. Research reveals
that 50% of global expenditure by tobacco 9.
companies on (9 ) …. is aimed at this group.
10.
Smoking rates in Australia are (10) …….. of all
among Indigenous population. 11.
Globally, smoking accounts for 10% of 12.
(11) …… . In Australia there were over 15,000
13.
deaths from smoking and (12) …. hospitalisations
in 2003. Nationally, smoking accounts for almost 14.
8% of all (13) ……. and up to 90% of all (14)
……. in men . It can also lead to other lung 15.
disorders such as (15) …… and (16) ……..
16.
17.
Evidence suggests that women who smoke may
find it difficult to become (17) …… and the (18) 18.
……. chemicals in smoke are (19) ….. to the
19.
unborn child. Children of smokers are more likely
to suffer from (20) …… . 20.
For smokers trying to quit, it is recommended that
21.
they wear a (21) ..... to control the (22) …… .
22.
Smokers are also advised to contact a (23) ……..
as they often need (24) ……. and (25) …….. 23.
when trying to (26) ……
24.
25.
26.
•
Answers
1. weight gain
2. 10892
3. 9 years
4. higher / greater /
highest / greatest
5. no
6. prevent
7. more
8. teenagers
9. advertising
10. highest / greatest
11. all deaths
12. 55,591
13. disease and injury
14. lung cancer(s)
15. asthma / COPD
16. COPD / asthma
17. pregnant
18. 4,0000
19. toxic
20. chest / respiratory
infections
21. nicotine patch
22. cravings
23. helpline
24. support
25. counselling
26. give up / quit
Adapted by IELI under Section VB of the Copyright Act, 1967.
[email protected] IELI, 2010
References
http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/editorial.asp?pageid=371
http://smoking.ygoy.com/smoking-statistics-general-facts/
http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/tobaccostatistics/Smoking_Statistics_Tobacco_Use_and_How
_it_Affects_Us.htm
