SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021- FIRST SEMESTER

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PORFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Mr.Ryan C.Mostajo
Subject Teacher

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TABLE OF
CONTENTS

FIRST SEMESTER

LESSON 1
Introduction of Professionalism ……………………………………………1-4

LESSON 2
Aspects of Professional and Academic Language ………………… .5-8

LESSON 3
Writing the Paper/ Review / Critique ……………………………………..9-13

LESSON 4
Writing the Position Paper …………………………………………………14-19

LESSON 5
Writing the Report ………………………………………………………………20-28

LESSON 6
Writing the Research Paper…………………………………………..............29-35

MODULE 1
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 Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson I Introduction of Professionalism

I. Module Learning Competencies:

 Define professionalism in special situations.
 Develop and maintain a professional attitude and professional appearance.
 Explain how to adapt communication skills and professionalism.

II. Instructions
 Forms opinions based on facts
 Present ideas convincingly
 Cites specific sources to support claims
 Uses the appropriate language
 Applies principles of professionalism

III. Pre-test

1.What really constitutes professionalism?

2.Who are considered professionals?

a.Are they those pass the board examinations given by the Professional Regulation Commision?

b.Are they those who are paid fees and salaries for the practice of their professions?

c.Are they those who are so committed to their jobs that they do not know tardiness and
absenteeism?

IV. Teaching Methods- Discussion of Topics:

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 ”We often times say don’t judge a book by its cover”

But our human nature dictates otherwise, because first impressions last.

To be professionals need not be expensive Just remember the acronyms “ PALMS “

1. POISE AND POSTURE

A relative arrangement of the different parts of the human body. Sit straight Stand erect. Never
slouch nor slump. Don’t squat. Note that good poise posture signify self-confidence.

2. ATTIRE

Dress up for school. While the school is your second home and you spend more of your walking
hours there than in your own homes, the school is your place of work. Wear clean shirts, pants,
and dresses. Whenever possible, wear your uniform, if any. Slippers, tattered pants, sandos,
midribs, sleeveless blouses and shirts, and miniskirts are taboo in formal settings. Women who
wear revealing clothes ( for example, sexy dresses with plunging necklines, bare backs, and long
slits) cannot expect to win the respect of men. If you have a passion for fashion, remember that
not all things fashionable become you. You may not be wearing signature clothes but you
become campus crush if you dress properly. Don’t forget to complement your clothes with
enough appropriate accessories (belts, jewelry, ties, scarves, and the like).

3. LANGUAGE

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Be tactful in your speech.
You maintain a good relationship with others when your language is pleasant . You win friends
by avoiding the use of offensive and insulting words. Develop a sense of humor, but refrain from
toilet humor or green jokes. Be moderate in your speech by speaking neither too fast nor too
slowly, and by talking neither too much nor too little.

4. MANNERS

Good manners and right conduct are the marks of an educated person. A person who observes
GMRC is admirable, but one who doesn’t is despicable. Sitting on steps of stairs, squatting or
standing on toilet bowls, committing vandalistic acts such as writing graffiti on walls, screaming
or yelling in public , littering, loitering, making noise while classes are going on, not falling in
line when there is a queue, and not observing phonethics are bad manners that need to be
corrected. People who do these have no place in a civilized society. They belong to a world
inhabited by paleolithic men.

5. STYLE

Style refers to the way one does a thing. For example, your hairstyle is the way you do your
hair. Remember not to overdo your hair. For women, make use of gel, clips, hair pins, hair
bands, etc. to keep your hair in place. For men, have a regular haircut and always sport short
hair. Long hair and egghead are no-no’s in an office or any formal setting.

Lifestyle is the manner in which one spends his daily life. The following must be part of your
lifestyle. Talking a bath, eating breakfast before going to school or work, preparing for the
activities of the following day, engaging in workouts or regular exercise, and enjoying a good
rest, enough sleep, and proper nutrition. These are meant not only to make you physically fit but
also to perk you up for the routinary and extraordinary tasks in school or at work that you ought
to accomplish. A healthy body is your weapon to combat stress and the rigors concomitant with
your day-to-day existence. You work or perform better when you feel well than when you are ill.

V. Assessment of Learning:
Quiz and Worksheet – Professionalism in Workplace.
A.
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 1.Which of
the following are ways to demonstrate professionalisms?
 Keeping your word
 Exceeding expectations
 Demonstrating loyalty
 All are correct

2.What is one way to demonstrate professionalism at work?

 Take many breaks to gossip with other employees
 Help with a project and make sure you get of the credit
 Tell everyone private personal details about your boss
 Treat others with respect

3.Why is keeping your words an important part of professionalism?

 True professionalism are trustworthy and dependable

 Professionals often make commitments they know can’t keep
 Professional is keeping your word are not correlated
 It’s too difficult to remember different lies to different people

4.Professional development for educations for educators is important because it allows to

do what?

 Try new things in the classrooms

 Share what they have learned with others
 Network with other professionals
 All of the answer are true

B.Explain the acronym “ PALMS” in two or three sentences .In your

own words. [ 5 pts each number ]

VI. References:
Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

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 MODULE 2

Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson 2 Aspects of Professional and Academic Language

I.Module Learning Competencies:

 Define professional and Academic Language

 Develop and maintain a professional and academic language
 Explain how to adapt professional and academic language

II.Instructions

 There are four important features of language use you need to know
about
 Formality
 Objectivity
 Explicitness
 And Caution

III.Pre-test

The Internet has created a massive space for people to engage with others and to share ideas at
great speeds.Travel ,for instance ,is an activity that requires preparation.Read the blog entry Life’s
Beach by A j Poliquit https://ajpoliquit .wordpress.com/2015/05/05/light-up-la-union/ about one
person’s trip to La Union and answer the questions that follow:

Guide Questions:

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 1.What are the
activities in La Union that the writer described?

2.What is the purpose of this text?

3.What is the role of the writer in doing this piece?

4.Who are the possible audience for this piece?

5.Would you visit the place after reading the blog entry? Why or why not?

IV..Four aspects of professional and Academic Language

1.Formality
Formality reflects your dignified stance in your writing as a member of the academic
community.This means that since your audience are fellow members of the academic
community.This means that since your audience are fellow members of the academic community,
the language you use requires precision to make it a “ legitimate “ piece of academic writing.

Formality can be achieved through the following:

a.Choosing expanded modal forms over contracted forms,such as using cannot instead of
can’t ,do not instead of don’t.

b.Choosing one verb form over two-word verbs, such as damage instead of mess up.

c.Choosing expanded terms over their abbreviated equivalents, such as as soon as possible
instead of ASAP.

D.Avoiding colloquial.trite/ idiomatic expressions, such as kind of like.as matter of fact.I

need to go to the John.

2.Objectivity

Academic writing requires special knowledge and use of more complex language and
objectivity.This means that the writing must be impersonal and maintains a certain level of social
distance.

Objectivity can be achieved by:

a. Avoiding the use of personal pronouns such as you,I, and we.

Poor example: You need to conduct the experiment.

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 Improved version: The
researchers need to conduct the experiment.

b.Avoiding rhetorical questions as it marks “ closeness” with the reader,and constantly

seeks his/her attention.

Poor example: How can these problems be solved?

Improved version: Certain measures must be discovered to solve the problems.

c.Avoiding emotive language that shows biases and lessens objectivity.

Poor example: The investigators were very shocked to see the outcome of the tests.

Improved version: The investigators did not expect the results.

3.Explicitness

Academic writing demands the use of signposts that allow readers to trace the
relationships in the parts of a study.If you intend to show a change in your line of argument,make
it clear by using however.

Example: It is apparent that the government hopes to provide assistance to the

poor.However,giving dole outs to the “ poorest of the poor” does not work in the long term.

4.Caution

Academic writing requires care since knowledge is built from proven theories and
concepts.Therefore caution is needed to avoid sweeping generalizations.

Example: Government officials are corrupt.

The statement is not completely true and the rhetorical impact of the statement may be
misleading.The statement can be improved through the use of devices such as modal verbs,
adverbs, or verbs.

Improved versions:

Some government officials may be corrupt. [ modal verb ]

Corrupt is commonly linked to some key government officials. [ adverb]

A number of government officials tend to be linked with cases of corruption.

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 [ verb ].

V.Assessment of Learning:

Substitute the single –word verb for the two-word verb in the following
sentences.

1.__________________ Senate set up the Meralco committee.

2.__________________Mothers cut down spending on rice.

3.__________________Oil price has gone up.

4.__________________ Students come up with a solution.

5.__________________ The dollar rate went up and down.

6.__________________ Students brought up the uniform issue.

7.__________________ The school gets rid of tuition hike.

8.__________________ Parents turned down the proposal.

9.__________________ The proposal turned out a positive result.

10._________________ Major oil players put off oil hike.

11._________________ Employees did not put up with the company’s expectations.

12._________________ Parents could not put away money for their children’s education.

13._________________ The chemical gives off a foul odor.

14._________________ Students looked into the problem.

15._________________ The class carried out a research on the frequency of using SMS.

VI.References:

Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

Paolo Nnio M. Vldez,PhD.English for the Globalized Classroom Series.

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 MODULE 3

Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson 3 Writing the Paper/ Review / Critique

I.Module Learning Competencies:

 Raise legitimate, contrary views in an appropriate manner.

 Use appropriate critical approaches in writing a critique
 Apply the principles of writing effective reviews and critique
 Write objective/ balanced review or critique of a work.

II.Instructions

 Your response to experiences ,opinions, event, or new information

 A chance to develop and reinforce writing skills
 A way of making meaning out of what you study
 Your response to thoughts and feeling
 A way to achieve clarity and better understanding of what you are learning

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III.Pre-test

Guide Questions:

1.How do you introduce a reaction paper

2.What are your feelings about ,What was said

3.Are you on the same page with the author

4.Hve you experienced anything that can be applied to the main ideas

5.Did you have a different opinion on the topic before reading the paper.Is the main point supported
by evidence

IV.Definition of a Reaction Paper

According to WikiHow, “ a reaction or response paper requires the writer to analyse a text ,then
develop commentary related to it.It is a popular academic assignment because it requires thoughtful
reading,research, and writing.” As the term suggests, reaction paper is a written discourse which
express the writer’s reaction to a certain piece of writing or a response to an event, incident,
program, project etc.Even if it is primarily subjective because it manifests the writer’s ideas and
emotions regarding a certain thing, it is still objective because it is based on facts.

Facts, Opinions, and Claims

A reader is bombarded with ideas as he reads an article or text.A good reader is able to classify
ideas encountered through reading into facts and opinions.

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 FACT – is a truth, a
reality, or a thing that exists or existed whereas an OPINION is a person’s view, appraisal judgment
about ,or attitude toward a certain thing.Truly ,one of his tasks is to distinguish between facts and
opinions.

SOURCES to SUPPORT CLAIMS

Evidence to validate assertions and counterclaims can be gathered from primary and secondary
sources of information.

Primary Sources – are those which provide first-hand information to the researcher; these include
persons,organizations,plants and animals artifacts documents and the like.

Secondary Sources – are those which provide second-hand information to the researcher; these
include books, periodicals [ newspapers and magazines]. Internet or online materials and other sources
not included among the primary sources.

LANGUAGE USE

Generally ,language use is associated with register, “ a term many modern linguists use to describe
what is also known as “ style”, that is the variations in language which reflect such factors of “ use “ as
whether the language used is spoken or written ,formal or informal, everyday or belonging to a particular
occupation.

REGISTER VARIETIES- are defined according to their social and occupational origins; for instance,
we can speak of a religious, a register of advertising, or a formal register.

Registers may be identified and defined in terms of three dimensions:

1.FIELD – is the dimensions of register which is associated with occupational varieties, also
known as jargons. Broadly speaking, it refers to the subject matter of the text.

2.TENOR- is the dimension of register which associated with the participants and their
relationship in the communication situation. It refers to the social roles filled by the people taking
part and the personal relationship between them.

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 3.MODE –
is the dimension of register which is associated with the medium or channel communication, that is
primarily spoken or written.

PRESENTING VIEWS
The writer of a reaction paper ,review, or critique may have favourable and unfavourable views.
Regarding a literary piece, book, newspaper or magazine article, film or movie, or artwork. Positive
views may be presented ahead of the negative ones, and vice versa. For example , in reviewing a
movie a viewer-reviewer finds the story ,the acting of the cast, the editing ,the dialogue, the
direction, and the production design commendable, but he finds the lightning, visual effects, sounds
effects, musical scoring, and cinematography detestable; his overall impression must be favourable.

APRROACHES IN WRITING A CRITIQUE

To appreciate a literary work better, a student should learn the inventory of approaches to
literary study and choose one that is appropriate to the reading selection. Asuncion David-
Maramba, in her book Philippine Contemporary Literature, offers seven of these
approaches.Among then are cultural approach, moral or humanistic approach psychological
approach ,and sociological approach.

1.CULTURAL APPORACH – A student uses the cultural approach when he is concerned

about the culture of the race or group described in the selection. Every ethnic group has a culture
divided into two: material culture which consists
of the group’s tools ,implements, objects, artifacts, and other items that have physical existence, and
non-material culture which consist of the group’s language, religion, beliefs, law, folkways,
customs, traditions, and other items that have no physical existence.

2.FORMALISTIC OR LITERARY APPROACH – A student employs the formalistic or

literary approach when he focuses on the structure or form of the reading selection.Therefore, in
studying a poetic or prose narrative, his concerns are the elements such as setting, characters, plot,
theme, point of view, conflict, symbolism, and so on.. I studying a poem ,his concerns are sense
[ denotative and connotative] meanings, figures of speech, imageries, symbols, etc], sound [ rhyme
and rhythm], structure [ horizontal and vertical measures, parallelism, ellipsis etc.] In studying an
essay, his concerns are organization, structure, style or authors
‘s manner of writing , point of view and diction.

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3.HISTORICAL APPROACH – A student make use of the historical approach if he reading
selection deals with events having historical significance. Some written selections are based on
actual happenings;however,writers modify real occurance to create fiction.This approach is
especially useful if the selection emphasizes an event having great importance or influence or
impact.

4.IMPRESSIONISTIC APPROACH – A student his impression of the entire reading

selection or of a portion or element of it,for example, his impression of the protagonist.What makes
a reading selection memorable is his primary concern.A s he studies the selection, he looks for that
thing regarding the selection which makes a lasting imprint in his mind. In short, he looks for the
unforgettable in the selection.

5.MORAL OR HUMANISTIC APPROACH – A student concerned about morals or the

morality of a character or of his acts studies a reading selection moralistically or humanistically.
Whether a character is moral or immoral or whether his act is good or evil is what matters to a
student who uses the moral or humanistic approach.

6.PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH – A student investigates on the framework of the author

as he wrote the reading selection or on the psychological make-up of one or some of the characters
in the narrative uses the psychological approach.He attempts to understand the behaviour/s of the
character/s in the context of the circumstances that surround him/them.He tries to answer this

question: What factors must have caused him/them to act or behave in a certain manner?

7.SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH – A student who is concerned about societal problems or

social relationship as they find expressions in a reading selection uses sociological approach.He
examines the kind of relationship that exists between two characters, the degree of such
relationship, and the factors that lead to their good/bad relationship.Otherwise, he looks inot the
problem affecting the society described in ther selection, its cuase and its impact on the characters
interacting in it.

PRICIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING [ AB5CDEO ]

To write effectively, an individual must be guided by the principles of
effective writing called AB5CDEO , which stands for:
1.Accuracy [ Preciseness or Correctness ]
2.Brevity [ Conciseness ]
3.Consistency [ Unity ]
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 4.Coherence [
sticking together of ideas ]
5.Concreteness [ Specificity ]
6.Completeness [ Thoroughness ]
7.Clarity [ Clearness ]
8.Diction [ Word of Choice ]
9.Emphasis and
10 Order.

V.Assessment of Learning: Watch the movies ”The Granny “of Sarah

Geronimo,make a reaction of it.

VI.References:

Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

Paolo Nnio M. Vldez,PhD.English for the Globalized Classroom Series.

MODULE 4

Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson 4 Writing the Position Paper

I.Module Learning Competencies:

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  Define a
position paper;
 Identify situation in which a position paper may be effectively used in the present society;
 Defend a stand on an issue by presenting reasonable arguments supported by properly-cited
factual evidence;and
 Write various kinds of position paper.

II.Instructions

 Introduce your topic with some basic background information

 Introduce possible objections to your position paper
 Support and acknowledge the opposing points
 Explain that your position paper is still the best one,despite the strength of counter-arguments
 Summarize your arguments and restate your position

III.Pre-test

1.Who is the intended audience?

2.What do they believe?

3.Where do they stand on the issue?

4.How are their interests on the issue?

5.What evidence is likely to be effective with them

VI.Teaching Methods- Discussion of Topics

Definition of a Position Paper

A position paper is a composition in which the writer takes a side on a particular
controversial topic and defends hid side by presenting supports in the
form facts, statistics, and other evidence to convince the reader to take his position

How to write a position paper

In the position paper you should:
1.Use evidence to support your position, such as statistical evidence or dates and events.
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 2.Validate
your position with authoritative references or primary source quotations.
3.Examine the strengths and weaknesses of your position.
4.Evaluate possible solutions and suggest courses of action.
Position papers are usually one to one- and- a-half pages in length.
Your position paper should include a brief introduction followed by a comprehensive breakdown of
your country’s position on the topics that are being discussed by the committee.
A good positon paper will not only provide facts but also make proposals for resolution.

The following steps are undertaken by a writer of a position paper.

1.SELECTING A TOPIC – Your position paper must focus on a topic supported by

research.Choose a topic that interests you.

2.CONDUCTING PRELIMINARY RESEARCH – Preliminary research is done to

determine the availability of supporting materials to back up your stance.If there are no materilas
available or if materials found are too limited to help you defend your position, the best thing to do
is to change your topic.

3.CHALLENGING YOUR OWN TOPIC – Try thinking of arguments opposed to your

views.If you challenge your topic, chances are you will know whether or not you stand the chance
to defend your stance convincingly such that the reader will favour your position.

4.COLLECTING ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING EVIDENCE – Knowing that your

position can face up to challenges from opposing positions, you are still uncertain about the
strength of your position.It is important to gather more evidence from various sources[ particularly
primary sources such as experst or authorities in the field] to further strengthen your
position.Include personal experiences to make your position emotionally appealing.

5.CREATING AN OUTLINE – A position paper may allow the format below.

A..INTRODUCTION – contains a little background information and the thesis statement.

- For decades ,the FDA has required that warning labels should be placed on certain products that
pose a threat to public health.
- Fast food restaurants are bad for our health.

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- Fast food
packages should contain warning labels.

B. POSSIBLE OBJECTIONS TO YOUR POSITION

- Such labels would affect profits of major corporations.
-Many people would see this as overreaching government control
-Whose job is it to determine which restaurants are bad? Who draws the line?
-The program would be costly.

C.SUPPORT AND ACKNOELEDGEMENT OF THE OPPOSING POINTS

-It would be difficult and expensive for any entity to determine which restuarants should adhere to
the policy
-Nobody wants to see the government over-stepping its boundaries
-Funding would fall on the shoulders of taxpayers.

D. EXPLANATION CITING THAT YOUR POSITION IS STILL THE BEST ONE

DESPITE STRENGTH OF COUNTER ARGUMENTS
-The cost would be countered through the improvement of public health.
_ Restaurants might improve the standards of food if warning labels were put into place.
-One role of the government is to keep citizens safe.
- The government already does this with drugs and cigarettes.

E. SUMMARY OF YOUR ARGUMENTS AND RESTAURANTS OF YOUR

POSITION
-Having the attitude.A position paper must be written with confidence, with authority, with
assertives.It must state your point clearly and must contain evidence supporting point.

USES OF POSITION PAPERS

Position papers – are written to achieve a number of purposes which include but are not
limited to the following:

1.POLITICAL – adherence or non-adherence to a political party.government program, etc.

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2. ARTISITC-
creation or abolition of an artistic movement.
3.SCIENTIFIC – acceptance or non-acceptance of a scientific theory.
4.EDUCATIONAL- conformity or non-conformity with educational reforms.
5.RELIGIOUS- conversion to or departure from religious sects.
6.PROFESSIONAL- commitment or non-commitment to professional organizations.
7.TECHNOLOGY- application or non-application of a technological breaktrough.
8.BUSINESS- patronage or boycott of business products and establishments

MANIFESTOS AND ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS

A manifesto is a published verbal declaration of the intentions, motives, or views issued by
an individual, group, political party ,or government.It usually accepts a previously published
opinion or consensus and /or promotes a new idea

with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made.Often artistic
or political in nature, it may present an individual’s position regarding life in general.A manifesto
which relates to a religious belief is referred to as a creed.

PERSUASIVE OR ARGUMNETATIVE ESSAYS

Persuasive or argumentative essays – are essays that convince [ make readers take the writer’s
point of view] and actuate [ make readers take a certain action] .A persuasive essay has the
following parts:

1.INTRODUCTION – introduces the thesis of the essay

2.BODY – discuss the pros [ views on favour of ] and cons [ views against ] the thesis statement;
for example, the first paragraph/s of the body might address the benefits of your position, the
middle paragraph/s of the body might address the limitations of a counterposition, and the last
paragraph/s of the body might offer a compromise position between your position and the
counterposition

3.CONCLUSION – summarize the state of the issue and restates.

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 KINDS OF
POSITION PAPERS
Position papers are classified according to the purposes they serve.Thus ,the list under the
uses of position papers is the same list for the classification of positon papers.
Notwithstanding the kind of positon paper you are going to do, the online website Study
Guides and Strategies offers the following guidelines in writing positon papers.

1.Format should be consistent with guidelines determined by the sponsoring organization or

committee.

2.Include topic, date, purpose, etc, and should readily identify you as the author.

3.If the paper represents a group, organization, committee, do not write in the person [ not I , my,
mine, etc. but rather we ,our ,etc. ]

4.Limit yourself to two pages following the format established by previous successful position
papers.

RESEARCH GUIDELINES

1.Develop supporting for both sides including factual knowledge, statistical evidence, authoritative
testimony.

2.Identify the issues and prejudices keeping in mind your audience.List these as appropriate and
anticipate counter claims.

3.Assume familiarity with basic concepts ,but define unfamiliar terms, concepts of state meanings
that define your point of departure.

4.Refer to those who agree with your position to assist you in developing your argument.

5.Familiarize yourself with those who disagree with you to prepare your defense.Summarize their
argument and evidence then future.

Writing Guidelines

Introduction

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 Con sider your
audience.Start with a topic sentence or two that attracts attention and summarizes the issue.Inform
the reader of your point of view.

Body
Focus on the three main points to develop.Each topic is developed with;

1.A general statement of the position

2.An elaboration that references documents and source data
3.Past experiences and authoritative testimony
4.Conclusion restating the position

Conclusion

1.Summarize ,then conclude your argument

2.Refer to the first paragraph.opening statements as well as the main points:
a. Does the conclusion restate the main ideas?
b. Reflect the succession and importance of the arguments
c. Logically conclude their development?
3.Share a draft with others to better develop the paper ensure that your argument is clear.
4.Revise, spell-check, and succed in building your case

V.Assessment of Learning:

Topic for Position Papers. Write at least two topics for position papers
under the following fields or disciplines.
A
1.Art _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2.Business ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3.Education ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4.General Academic ______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

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 5.Language/
Literature ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6.Law ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

7.Politics ____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

8.Religion ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

9.Sports _____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

10.Technology ______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

VI.References:

Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

MODULE 5

Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson 5 Writing the Report

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I.Module Learning Competencies:

 Determine the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports

 Design ,test, and revise survey questionnaires
 Conduct surveys, experiments ,or observations
 Gather information from surveys, experiments, or observations
 Disseminate information from survey reports laboratory reports, or field reports
 Summarize findings and execute the narrative report with the required visual or graphic aids
 Write various reports

II.Instructions

“ Hoe is this done? How can I do this? “ –These questions authors as they describe
processes.Learn how to write instructions and processes so that readers know how to do
something or understand how something is done .By viewing sample process texts, note the focus
on the objective voice, numbered steps, visual rhetoric, and animations or video .Write a
descriptive or prescriptive process report.

III.Pre-test

1.What ‘s my word count?

2.How do you want the report to look?

3.Should I use a particular style guide?

4.Who is my reader?

5.Why am I writing this report?

6.What’s my key message?

7.Where are the landmines?

IV.Teaching Methods- Discussion of Topics:

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DEFINITION OF A REPORTS
Reports are written daily by technocrats, businessmen, and other professionals.The volume of
these reports increases as the number of technological advances rises. Providing valuable
information in the form of data collected, analyzed, and presented well, a report is an objective and
systematic communication about a specific subject addressed to a specific for a specific
purpose.This purpose may be to inform the reader regarding a particular subject, to impart
information as basis for decision-making or to persuade the reader to take an action.

STRUCTURES OF REPORTS

For a report to be effective, it must be characterized as follows:

R – Reader-friendly. It is adapted to the reader’s needs, interests, and knowledge.

E – Error –free. It is devoid of errors in grammar ,mechanics, organization, and facts.

P – Prompt. It is completed and submitted within the allotted time frame.

O – Objective .It is not subjective, it has no biases nor prejudices.

R – Results- oriented . It is directed toward the attainment of the desired results

T – Thorough. It has no missing items.

S – Short and Straightforward. It is written in a short and direct manner.

Reports are grouped in various ways.The bases of classification are subject matter,
frequency,purpose ,function,authorship, readership, length, format ,and formality.The classification
is presented in the table below.

CLASSIFICATION OF REPORTS

BASIS KIND MEANING AND EXAMPLES

Subject Matter Reports are classified into biological,

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 physical,
chemical, geological,
psychological, sociological etc.

Frequency Regular/Periodic It is issued on a regular or periodic

basis [ daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly,
yearly, semiannually] e,g, sales report
and merchandise inventory report.

Special It is issued occasionally,eg, sales

calamity report and physical
and examination report

Function Informative It serves to inform ,eg, information

report and laboratory.
Persuasive It serves to persuave or to let the
reader take an action, e,g, proposal
report and recommendation report
External / Outside It is written by an author not belonging
to the same organization, e,g, external
audit report.
Internal / Inside It is written by an author belonging
to the same organization, e,g, dean’s
report and internal audit report.
Public It is written by a public official or
government personnel,e,g, COA report
and DEPED memorandum report.
Private It is written by an individual in the private
sector, e,g, doctor’s examination report.

Readership Individual-reader It is addressed to an individual, e,g,

bank statement.
Group-reader It is addressed to a group of individual,
e,g, company’s annual report and
stockholder’s equity report.

Length Long It is more five pages,e,g, theses and

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 and
dissertations.
Short It has five pages or less,e,g, laboratory
report and form report.

Format Printed-form It is written on ready-made printed form

,e,g, cash flow report and bank
reconciliation report.
Letter- form It is written in the form of a letter, e,g,
proposal report and recommendation
report.
Book-form It is written in the form of a book, e, g,
thesis and information booklet.

Purpose Information It imparts information on a periodic or

special basis, e,g, annual report and
monthly expense report.
Examination It states the results of an examination,e,g,
engineering, marketing,financial, and
administrative examination reports.
Research It gives the findings of an investigation, e,g,
investigate report and experimental
research report.
Recommendation It suggests an action to be undertaken, e,g,
operation and construction
recommendation report,
Formality Informal It does not contain all the parts of a
conventional full-dress report, e,g, letter
report and one-page report.
Formal It contains the parts of a conventional
full-dress report, e,g, thesis and research
paper.

FORMAL REPORTS AND THEIR PARTS

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 A formal
reports , as its name suggests, complies with the form of a conventional full-dress report.It is
considered full-dress because it contains almost all, if not all, of the report parts listed in the table
that follows.

PART OF A FORMAL REPORT

Part Meaning

Title page It bears the title of the report ,the writer’s name ,and
the date of the report transmission.The title may be
presented in any of the following styles: one-line,
parallel-line [ line of the same length], pyramid
[ lines increasing in length], and inverted pyramid
[ lines decreasing in length ].

Dedication page It is offering of the report to an individual or a group

of individuals.

Acknowledgement page It contains words of thanks to those who have helped

In the completion of the report.

Preface It states the purpose and the scope of the report

Foreword It contains words of a person other than the writer

about the report.

Abstract It is a condensed version of the report; it is either

descriptive [ short ] or informational [ long ]

List of figures It is chronological list of tables, charts, maps, and other

graphic aids, with corresponding pages.

Table of It is a chronological list of the items contained in the

report with contents corresponding pages.

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Body / Report It contains the introduction, discussion proper
[ presentation of data ] , proper and conclusion and
recommendation of the report.

Appendix It is a supplementary material added at the end of the

report.

Glossary It is alphabetical list of technical terms and their

corresponding meanings.

Bibliography It is alphabetical list of reference materials [ books,

magazines, newspaper, journals ,etc. ]used in the report

Index It is an alphabetical list of topics discussed in the report

corresponding pages.

OBJECTIVES OF REPORTS
Reports have general and specific objectives.These objectives must have the following
characteristics.

Specific Objectives must not be broad; they must deal with a specific
question intended to be answered or a specific problem
intended to be solved.

Measurable Objectives must be quantifiable; they must involve variables or

data whose values can be measured with use of statistical tools.

Attainable Objectives must be capable of accomplishment so that the

report can serve its purpose.

Realistic Objectives must deal with real-life situations; therefore, the

Results of the report will have real-life applications.

Time-bound Objectives must be attained within the prescribed time limit.

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EXPERIMENTATION, OBSERVATION, AND OTHER DATA-GATHERING
METHODS

A writer or reporter has to gather data for his paper.Because he is not omniscient [ all-
knowing ] as God ,he still needs to read books, interview people, conduct a survey, and resort to
other means of collecting information.Therefore must have an ample knowledge regarding the
ways of gathering data. These methods of data –gathering include but are not limited to the
following:

1.READING - books and periodicals are considered secondary sources of information, yet they
are always valuable sources of information especially for
someone doing a survey of related literature and studies for his thesis or dissertion/Technical
reports and the like are usually products of reading.A research paper is also termed reading report
and library paper because a researcher spends most of his time in the library, reading books and
similar materials.

2.EXPERIMENTATION – when independent and dependent variables are involved in the

study ,the most likely approach to use is the experimental method. A n experiment is conducted to
show cause – effect relationship between items.Specialists in the natural and social sciences have
been using this method through the years.

3.OBSERVATION – merely looking closely at surrounding things is a means to gather

data .In fact, Galileo discovered gravity by simply observing two objects fall from the Leaning
Tower of Pisa.In the same manner, Archimedes discovered buoyancy by observing objects float and
sink in water.Observation is of two kinds: participant.The participant observer takes part in the
activities being observed, while a non-participant observer does not.Taking field notes, missionary
communing with the Aetas is a participant observer, but a dean evaluating the teaching performance
of his faculty is a non-participant observer.

4.INTERVIWEWING – conducting an interview is another method.It can be done in any of

three ways: personal [ direct/ in person / tete-a-tete / face- to- face] interview, in which the
interviewer personally and directly asks questions of the interviewee; mail [ letter ] interview in
which the interviewer sends the interview questionnaire through mail to the interviewee who in turn
answers and returns it to the former; and telephone [ phone ] interview, in which the interviewer
asks questions through the telephone of the interviewee who in turn answers the same questions.

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5.CONVERSATION /CHAT - opposed to the interview which is structured ,a conversation is
an unstructured way of gathering data.The data-gathering elicits information from the conversation
between him and the other party or parties. At times ,he gathers more information from the people
find more comfort in talking about things during a chat or conversation than during an interview.

6.INTERNET SURFING – in as much as online sources are a plenty. Students of today’s

generation [ computer generation ] are more at home with surfing the net than any other method.
The internet is a rich and good source of information coming from all corners of the
globe.Moreover, it is easier to browse the web
pages than to browse the pages of books.The convenience offered by the internet is the very reason
why students doing research work troop to computer centers ,instead of libraries.

7.CONDUCTING A SURVEY – surveys have become one of the more common sources of
data.The Social Weather Station and similar organizations have been relied upon by the public for
information pertaining to economy, politics, entertainment, religion, and other aspects of
society.Students doing research papers ,feasibility studies ,and the like are prone to conducting
surveys.

SURVEYS AND SURVEYS QUESTIONNAIRES

Besides reading ,conducting a survey and interviwewing are two common methods if
collecting data.Both methods require the use of the questionnaire, a list of questions related to the
topic and leading to the solution of the research problem.Therefore ,the researchers have to posses
the skill in constructing questions to be used in the instruments, an interview sheet ,or a survey
form.
Questions are classified into open-ended and closed-ended.Open-ended questions are
those require sentences and paragrahps as answers;’ closed –ended questions require only words
and phrases as answers, the second group is divided into recall questions, in which the one
answering is simply to recall to be written on the blank.Recognition questions require the one
answering to choose his answer from the given options.If there are two options the question is
considered dichotomous; if there are three or more options,it is either multiple –choice[ the
answerer only one option ] or multiple-response [ the answerer chooses all possible options].

In constructing questions ,the researcher must bear in mind

the Q’s questionnaire construction which this writer devised.These are:

1.QUALITY – the researcher should ask questions which are clear, objective, concise,relevant,
ethical and simply worded.Double or multiple questions, the kinds of questions containing two or

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 more s in one
interrogative sentence should be avoided.For example,the question “ Are you a member of the CAS
faculty and a teacher of English?” causes confusion.Moreover qustions should be devoid of biases,
non-essentials, irrelevances, obscenities, and high-falutin words.Questions should be within the
comprehension of the respondents.

2.QUANTITY – a researcher should be concerned not only about the kinds of questions, but also
about the number of questions to be asked. He takes the time of the respondent so he has to limit his
questions to that number that serves his purpose.It is imperative on his part to set a time limit for
the answering of the survey question in order to adequately limit his number of questions.

3.QUEST – a researcher is in search of answers to solve the problem he has in mind.As a

searcher, he must ask questions that are within the bounds of his quest.He must not go beyond the
limit set.Going further, he will spend additional time and money; moreover, there is a possibility
that he will not complete the research paper [ survey report] within limited time.Hence ,only those
questions that
have bearing upon the research study should be asked.Irrelevant ones should be discarded from the
questionnaire.

V.Assessment of Learning:

MATCHING TYPE: Match the items under Column A [ research reports

based on subject] with the items under Column B [ subjects ] by writing
the appropriate lowercase letters before the numbers.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.Academic report a.Airline industry

2.Aeronautic report b.Animals

3.Anthropological report c.Census

4.Astronomical report d.Chilbirth

5.Botanical report e.Diseases

6.Dental report f. Drugs

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 7.Ecological
report g.Earth science

8.Economic report h.Environment

9.Epidemiological report I. Food

10.Financial report j. Government affairs

11.Genetic report k. Heredity

12.Geological report l.Human behaviors

13.Gynecological report m. Human evolution

14.Historical report n. Ideas

15.Medical report o. Mental disorders

16.Nutritional report p.Microorganisms

17.Obstetric report q. Money matters

18.Pharmacological report r.Past events

19.Philosophical report s.Plants

20.Political report t.Resources

21.Psychiatric report u.School work

22.Psychological report v.Social behaviors

23.Sociological report w.Tooth disorders

24.Statistical report x.Weather

25.Zoological report y.Wellness

z.Women’s disease

VI. References:

Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

Student’s Name:

Grade & Section:

33 | P a g e
Passing of Modules’ Date:

Parent’s/ Guardian’s Name with Signature:

Prepared by:
Checked by:

Mr.Ryan C.Mostajo Ms. Ma. Queserie B. Dramayo, LPT

SHS Teacher SHS Academic Assistant Principal

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Mary Jane E. Gula, LPT Mr. Kristoffer B. Viloria, LPT,

MAEd

NKP- JHS Academic Assistant Principal BED Principal

MODULE 6

Module Code: EAPP Semester: (1st Semester)

Module Coordinator: Ryan C.Mostajo

Module/Lesson Name: The development of communication skills in English for Academic

and professional purposes

Lesson 6 Writing the Research Paper

I.Module Learning Competencies:

 Determine the purpose and features of various kinds of research

34 | P a g e
  Gather data
through surveys ,experiments, and observation
 Use transitions to connect ideas
 Write various kinds of research effectively

II.Instructions

This lesson is the culmination of your journey to become proficient in writing for academic
and professional purposes. Do not be limited though; your primary goal as a student- researcher
when preparing research reports, such as a survey report,field report ,laboratory and
scientific/technical report, is simply to have an opportunity to learn so you may apply your
knowledge in the future.

III.Pre-test

Work on these. Discuss the following questions through a video presentation.

1.In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a good research?

2.What are the habits of a good researcher?

3.What are the dos and don’ts when writing a research?

IV.Teaching Methods- Discussion of Topics:

RESEARCH – is a system and scientific way of investigating and gathering

information to answer a particular problem, establish facts, and reach conclusions.
Conducting a research can be done in various fields such as arts, humanities, social
sciences, natural sciences, technology, and health sciences.
Some of the research papers in various fileds are the survey report, the
filed report, and the laboratory or scientific report.

1. Survey report – is a paper which presents the results of the author’s research.

2.Field report – is usually used in the filed of social sciences to link theory and application.I
usually contains the author’s observation when out on the field and an analysis using theoretical concepts

35 | P a g e
from the discipline.A
research papers are formal in tone and style, field reports can be personal and simple.

3.Laboratory or scientific technical report – is written by those in the sciences mainly

to persuade others to accept or reject a hypothesis, record the details for future researches, and document
a current phenomenon for the future reference or comparison.

Remember: To begin a research, you have to determine your topic.Asking questions is one useful way
to focus on a topic easily and wuickly.

Sample Topics in Question Form

 How does the COVID-19 affect the econmy of the Philippines?

 What are the psychological effects of online games?

When choosing a topic, a researcher should consider the following criteria.

 First ,a researcher topic should be relevant

A relevant topic addresses a particular problem or issue.
 It should also be interesting, especially for the researcher.
Interest and natural curiosity in the topic will encourage greater commitment to the research.
 Finally, a topic should be manageable.
It should be something you can undertake within your ability and within the time limit given
to you.
It should not be too broad or too narrow ,and must be achievable using available financial,
human, and material resources.

Qualities of a Good Research Question

1.A good research question should be clear, especially to a layperson.

2.A good question should require the gathering of data to answer it.

3.A good question should address an observed problem or issue.

4.A good question should be manageable in terms of your skills and resources.

5.A good research question should be ethical.

6.A good research question should have a practical use.

Some of the requirements needed to complete a research are the following:

 Topic [ field specific or general]

 Type of paper [ journal format or thesis format ]
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  Length
 Number of sources required [ usually at least 10 reputable references ]
 Types of sources [ books , journals, periodicals, and other online sources ]
 Documentation style [ APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE]
 Deadlines
 Format [ depends on the documentation style
 Parts of the research

Parts of a Research Paper

Generally , a research includes the following sections: title page, abstract, introduction, literature
review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, references, Each part will be discussed in detail.

1.Title page – contains informative title which describes the content of the paper, name of the
author/s and addresses or affiliation, date when it is submitted. The following are some examples of
informative titles.

 Effects of Facebook on Academic Achievement of Grade 11 GAS Students

 Development and Validation of a Software for Detecting Plagiarism

2.Abtract – contains the summary of the findings and conclusions.

 It briefly presents the context of the study, research questions or objectives, methodology, major
findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications, with minimal number of citations and
statistical data.
 Its length ranges from 100 to 250 words.

3.Introduction- explains the current state of the field of discipline and identifies research gaps
addressed by the research.

 It also presents the research focus in a way that it addresses the identified gaps and puts the
research topic in context.
 Its length usually ranges from three to five paragraphs.

4.Literature review – contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related
to the study.

 It is divided into two section: the related concepts and related studies which both help
the researcher explain the phenomena which may arise during the study.

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  Related
concepts – explain some of the fundamental concepts needed by readers to better understand
the study. In this section, some concepts and theories are defined, explained, and described.
 Related studies – are based on previously conducted studies directly related to the paper.
 This section ends with a paragraph that synthesizes all of the studies presented and puts the study
in context. Hence, the last paragraph may include the topic and specific research problems.

 Its length may range from two to three pages. Note that in some cases ,the literature review is
integrated into the introduction.

5.Methodology – contains the processes and steps taken in gathering data for the research.

 This section contains the context and participants, the instruments used, data gathering
procedure, and data analysis.
 The context and participants section explains the number and demographic profile of participants
involved as well as the place the environment where the study was conducted.
 The instrument section presents the tools that you used in gathering the data.
These may include a questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, and tests among others.
 All of the instruments used, as well as the method of validating them, should be described in
detail.
 Finally, the data gathering section presents the details on how the data were collected
whereas the data analysis section presents how the data are analysed, whether it be qualitatively [
coding scheme] quantitatively [ statistical tools.]

6.Results – factually describes the data gathered.

 This section usually contains tables and graphs that summarize the collected data. Along with the
tables and graphs are their respective interpretations.

When interpreting graphs and tables, remember the following:

 Your first sentence should contain the figure or table number and the title.
 The succeeding sentences should focus on the most important information in the table graph or
table.
 The trends or the gaps that you notice may be included in the body of interpretation.

7.Discussion – presents the why’s of the results.

38 | P a g e
  This section
provides an explanation for all the results in relation to the previous studies presented in the
literature review.
 In this section, you need to restate your research problems or objectives in the first paragraphs as
well as the major findings.
 The succeeding paragraphs should explain whether the study supports or rejects the previous
findings and explain the reason for this.
 The new findings uncovered should also be stated here.
 As with the results section, the discussion must follow the flow of the research problems or
objectives.

8.Conclusion- contains the restatement of major findings, limitations of the study, recommendations
and implications.

 Note that in some cases, the conclusion is integrated into the discussion section.

9.References – section contains the different sources used in the study.These may be academic
books, journals, and other online sources.

 Its format depends on the school, teacher ,or field of study.

Steps in Writing a Research Paper

1.Select and narrow down the topic.You may use any prewriting technique such as freewriting, clustering,
listing, and brainstorming to focus on a topic.

2.Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references.

3.Formulate the thesis statement and research questions.

4.Prepare a preliminary outline.

5.Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this stage.

6.Prepare the prefinal outline.

7.Prepare the necessary instruments for your research.

8.Pilot the instrument and revise accordingly.

9.Gather the data.

10 .Prepare the tables and graphs analyse the collected data.

11.Write the methodology and results section.

12.Write the introduction and literature review.

39 | P a g e
13.Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion section.

14.Write the conclusion.

15.Write the abstract.

16.Prepare the reference list. List all items that are cited in the body of your paper.

17.Edit and format your paper.

Guidelines in Writing a Research Paper

1.Fifty to seventy-five percent of the paper should be devoted to results and discussion.

2.Be sure to cite all your sources wheter they are paraphrased or directly quoted.

3.Use direct quotation sparingly.Paraphrase as much as possible.

4.Strictly follow the required documentation style.

5.Topics should be relevant, interesting, current, and manageable in terms of resources, skills needed, and
time.They should not be too sensitive and controversial as well.

6.Research questions directly address the given topic or thesis statement.

7.Use simple language and avoid verbose words.

V.Assessment of Learning:

I.Gather and interpret data

A.Write three specific questions on the topic “ Effects of COVID-19 on

Social Academic, and Physical Being of Senior High School
Students.”.Write your answers below.

Specific questions 1:__________________________________________________________

Specific question 2: __________________________________________________________

Specific question 3: __________________________________________________________

40 | P a g e
II..Individually, write a research report. Assume the persona of a
student-researher writing a research report for a government agency to
address current issues social or econmomic issues.

A.Select a general topic from your filed of interest by considering its

manageability and relevance, as well as your available resources and
level of interest.Once you have a topic, seek approval from your teacher.
Once your general topic is approved, narrow it down by using any
prewiritng strategy such as freewriting, clustering , listing, and
brainstorming.

B.Set the context for writing your research report by completing the
given information.

Topic: _____________________________________________________________

General Purpose: _____________________________________________________________

Specific Purpose: _____________________________________________________________

Target Output: _____________________________________________________________

Audience : _____________________________________________________________

Writer’s Persona: _____________________________________________________________

Tone / Formality: _____________________________________________________________

Let’s Reflect
Reflect on the learning that you gained after taking up this lesson
1.What were your misconceptions about the topic prior to taking up this
lesson?

______________________________________________________________________
2.What new or additional learning have you had after taking up this
lesson in terms of skills, content, and attitude.

41 | P a g e
 _____________________________________________________________________________

VI. References:

Grace M. Saqueton,English for Academic Professional Purposes,REX 2016 Edition

Jessie Saraza Barrot ,Ph.D. English for Academic & Professional Purposes C& E ,Inc.

Student’s Name:

Grade & Section:

Passing of Modules’ Date:

Parent’s/ Guardian’s Name with Signature:

Prepared by: Checked by:

Mr.Ryan C.Mostajo Ms. Ma. Queserie B. Dramayo, LPT

SHS Teacher SHS Academic Assistant Principal

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Mary Jane E. Gula, LPT Mr. Kristoffer B. Viloria, LPT,

MAEd

NKP-JHS Academic Assistant Principal BED Principal

42 | P a g e