Module 17

Electromagnetic Waves and

Wireless Communication

What this module is about

Are you familiar with the saying that goes –“The world is becoming smaller.”? What
does this statement imply? Does it mean that the world’s size is indeed decreasing?

People around the world are now able to communicate with one another through
innovations in technology. Cell phones are very familiar to youngsters like you. You can talk
to your friend in another country using this small gadget and you feel like she/he is just
around the corner. Cell phones along with other telecommunication devices have made
distance immaterial. Wireless communication has made the world smaller!

What does wireless communication mean? How is it developed? This module will
introduce you to the advancement of wireless communication and the physics principles
behind it. So hang on and have fun learning the following lessons:

Lesson 1 – Electromagnetic Waves

Lesson 2 – Wireless Communications

Let’s start …

1
 What you are expected to learn
After going through the module, you will be able to:

1. trace the development of wireless communication;

2. explain how electromagnetic waves are produced;
3. discuss the properties and uses of the different regions of electromagnetic spectrum;
4. describe how radio signals are generated, transmitted and received;
5. explain how radio communication devices like cell phones, radio and TV work;
6. discuss how lasers and fiber optics have improved telecommunication;
7. realize the importance of developments in electronic technology in the transmission
of information and,
8. recognize the effect of the information superhighway on the affairs of daily living.

It’s good to achieve all these objectives! Here are a

few tips to make your learning experience even better!

How to learn from this module

1. Read the module carefully. You may use references along with this module.
Suggested references are listed on the last page.

2. Follow instructions diligently.

3. Answer the pretest. The pretest is composed of questions that will determine how
much you know about the topic. It is given before you start with the lesson proper.
Accomplish it honestly. Answer key is provided at the end of the module. Please try
not to look at it while answering. You can check your answers once you are finished.

4. Activities and/or exercises are given to deepen your understanding of the concept
and to develop your skills. Take time in doing these.

2
5. Take note of important ideas and points for clarification.

6. Don’t forget to answer the posttest and see how much you have learned. You may go
back to lesson discussions or consult references if your answers are incorrect

What to do before (Pretest)

I. Multiple Choice
Direction: Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided before the
number.

_____1. Electromagnetic waves are produced by __________

A. currents
B. voltage source
C. any disturbance
D. vibrating charge

_____2. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used mostly in

communication?
A. X-ray
B. Infrared
C. Radio wave
D. Gamma rays

_____3. In the electromagnetic wave, the direction of the propagation of the wave
is __________
A. always to the right.
B. cannot be determined.
C. parallel to electric and magnetic field directions.
D. perpendicular to the electric and magnetic field directions.

_____4. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves has the widest
frequency range?
A. x-ray
B. microwave
C. ultraviolet
D. radio waves

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 _____5. What happens to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave if its
wavelength increases?
A. decreases
B. increases as well
C. remains the same
D. can not tell; frequency and wavelength are two different concepts.

II. Discussing and Explaining

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. How does your AM/FM radio pick up signal from the air?

2. List down communication devices that people are using at present and write
down the benefits that each renders.

3. How does communication develop into wireless communication?

III. Sequencing
Some events and discoveries related to the development of communication are
listed below. Number each one according to the correct order of occurrence from
the earliest to the latest.

______ invention of telegraph

______ invention of telephone

______ radio communication

______ digital communication

Key to answers on page 26

How was your performance in the

pretest? At any rate, knowing what you
know and what you don’t know is a good
starting point. Now let’s move on!

4
Lesson 1 Electromagnetic Waves

Fundamental to studying wireless communication is knowing what electromagnetic

waves are and how they are produced and used in communication. What exactly is
electromagnetic wave? Is it the same as the mechanical wave that you learned previously?
Basically, yes. How?

Production of Electromagnetic Waves

In your study of wave motion, a disturbance produces waves that can be transmitted
through a medium. Electromagnetic waves are also produced by a disturbance caused by
vibrating charge. When the charge is moved, the electric field around it is changed. Recall
the Oersted’s discovery: A changing electric field produces a magnetic field. A changing
magnetic field is therefore produced around the vibrating charge. Furthermore, this changing
magnetic field in turn produces electric field. Do you remember the Faraday’s Law? And the
cycle goes on. The changing magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular to each other
and to their direction of propagation. They are therefore considered as transverse waves.

Figure 1: Vibrating Charge

Figure 2: Electromagnetic Wave

James Clerk Maxwell theorized that this mutual generation and propagation of
electric field and magnetic field can be conceived as a form of moving energy carried by
what he called as electromagnetic wave. So, if this is just like any wave, does it mean that it
travels through a medium? No. Electromagnetic wave traverses empty space! However,
Maxwell did not believe that electromagnetic wave propagate in space under any condition.
He supposed that it must move at a certain speed. He calculated the speed of the wave
based on Faraday’s theoretical assumptions and experiments and concluded that the speed
is 3 x 108 m/s – the same as the speed of light! He therefore proposed that light is a form of
electromagnetic wave. Unfortunately, at that time, no experiment was done to verify his
accounts. But after Faraday’s death, Heinrich Hertz designed an experimental set-up that
enabled him to generate and detect electromagnetic waves. Here’s how he did it.

5
 Sparks are produced in the B
spark balls (marked A)
when high voltage runs
across the circuit. It was
observed that similar sparks
are produced on spark balls A
B.

Figure 3: Hertz’ set-up

No wires were connected A to B but the same phenomenon was seen in the two
gaps. Hertz concluded that vibrating charge, made evident by the sparks, produced EM
waves that were detected by the set-up B. Hertz’ experiment proved that electromagnetic
waves do exist!

Hurray to Mr. Maxwell and

Mr. Hertz for a job well
done!

Electromagnetic Spectrum

In the previous discussion, you learned that light is a form of electromagnetic wave.
Are there any other forms of this wave? Maxwell predicted that electromagnetic waves take
several forms depending on their frequencies and wavelengths.

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 Figure 4: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves extend from radio waves to gamma rays. In between these
extreme values are microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet and x-ray regions. The
electromagnetic spectrum is the wavelength and frequency chart of these forms of
electromagnetic waves.
Neither, did I.
Well, we’re not
I never thought there like Maxwell, you
were different forms of know. Haha!
EM waves.

7
What you will do
Activity 1.1, Activity 1.2

Activity 1.1 Look at the ________________________

electromagnetic ________________________
spectrum more closely
this time. What do you ________________________
notice? Are the divisions ________________________
of the regions distinct?
Write your answer on the ________________________
spaces provided. ________________________
Answers may be
checked against next ________________________
page’s discussion.

Activity 1.2
Using the same spectrum, determine the
frequency and wavelength ranges of each of
the forms of electromagnetic waves. Enter your
data on the table.

EM Wave Frequency Wavelength

Range (hertz) Range (meters)

Radio Waves ___________ __________

Microwaves ___________ __________
Infrared ___________ __________
Visible Light ___________ __________
Ultraviolet ___________ __________
X-rays ___________ __________
Gamma rays ___________ __________

Key to answers on page 27

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 Some of the regions in the electromagnetic spectrum overlap. Can you identify these
regions? The waves are therefore not classified based on the wavelength values but on
their sources. The table below lists the sources and some of the uses/applications of the
different forms of electromagnetic waves.

Forms of Source Uses/Applications

Electromagnetic Wave

Radio waves Vibrating electrons Wireless communication

Microwaves Vibrating electrons Communication particularly

long distance radio relay
systems,
microwave ovens
Infrared Hot objects Missile guidance, long
distance photography,
medical treatment, burglar
alarms

Visible Light Very hot objects Vision

Ultraviolet Arcs and gas discharges Medical treatments,

sanitation process

X-rays Electrons striking a target Medical purposes, security

Gamma Rays Nuclei of radioactive Cancer treatment, metal

atoms defect detection, beneficial
mutations, food
preservation

Both the microwave and radio waves come from vibrating electrons. What then
distinguishes the two? Try to look at the electromagnetic spectrum and compare the
frequency range of microwave and radio wave. Which has greater frequency range?

9
 What you will do
Self-Test 1.1

Congratulations! You finished the first lesson on

Electromagnetic Waves! This time, synthesize all the concepts and
principles you learned in the lesson. These questions will serve as
your guide:

1. How do you explain electromagnetic wave as a

consequence of the principles of electromagnetism?
2. Compare and contrast the different forms of electromagnetic
waves in terms of their properties and uses.
3. What form of electromagnetic wave is widely used for
wireless communication?

Write your answer on the spaces below.

Key to answers on page 27

Lesson 2 Wireless Communication

You have learned that electromagnetic wave is applied in wireless communications

among others. In the succeeding discussions, you will venture into how this wave is used in
sending information and messages and how wireless communication has affected people’s
daily affairs.

Wireless
communication…hmm…I
wonder how this is possible…

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Development of Communication

Before wireless communication came into existence, a number of means of

communication have already been developed. The first of these is sending messages
through electricity by Charles Morrison. Wires are charged one after the other and pieces of
papers at the receiver end are attracted. The attracted paper determines the letter being
transmitted. However, such method of communication is applicable to short distances only.
Later, Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph, which uses electromagnet. Can you
recall what electromagnet is and how it works? Figure 5 illustrates how the telegraph works.

When the sender taps the key, circuit is closed

and electric current is delivered to the sounder.
The sounder operates by giving distinct sounds
(like clicks) or a paper is tapped and the
message is received. Message has to be
decoded for it to be understood.

Fig. 5. Telegraph

In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell experimented on telegraph and found means to

eliminate coding and decoding of messages. He developed the telephone that allowed
sounds to be transmitted over the wires. Figure 6 that shows how this is done.

Carbon granules are in the

microphone and are connected to the
telephone circuit. When one speaks on the
microphone, the sound waves of the voice
compress and decompress the granules
resulting to changing of the resistance in the
wire-a pattern of variation. When the current
reaches the receiving station, the speaker,
on the other hand, converts this electrical
energy back to sound energy with the
corresponding sound pattern.

Fig. 6. Telephone

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 You might say that this is quite a breakthrough. Yes, indeed! But here’s more. Wires
are no longer used in most of today’s communication. Remember the cell phones?
Communication now is “wireless”. There is no need to connect the transmitting and
receiving stations. Energy is transmitted through space! Now, isn’t this a huge discovery?
And we look forward to some more, don’t we?

Oh! Yes!

Radio Communication

Today, conversations, data and even music can be transmitted through air over
millions of kilometers because of radio waves. Wireless communication has become
possible through transmission and reception of these radio waves. Remember, radio waves
can be transmitted through empty space!

Hmm… how is transmitting and

receiving radio waves done over
large distances?

Let’s discuss the transmission and reception of radio waves one at a time. Let’s start
with how radio waves are transmitted. Simple radio transmitters work on two basic
processes: (1) transformation of sound energy to electrical energy; (2) transformation of
electrical energy to electromagnetic energy; and on three simple components: (1)
microphone circuit; (2) oscillator circuit and (3) antenna. Now, let’s discuss how the two
processes occur in these 3 basic components.

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 Fig. 7. Radio Transmission and In the microphone circuit, sound waves
Reception

Move the diaphragm to allow the wire coiled very loosely around a permanent
magnet to vibrate. As it vibrates, this wire gains a changing magnetic field and induces
current in the adjacent wire. The first transformation is finished. Next, the adjacent wire is
connected to the oscillator circuit where the charges are made to oscillate. This implies that
electric field varies. What happens if electric field is changing? Magnetic field builds up,
therefore, antenna rods are surrounded by alternating electric and magnetic fields
propagating right angles with each other and with their direction of motion-the radio wave!
This is the second transformation.

That was great! How about radio wave

reception? Let me think…transmission’s
opposite term is reception. Oh, maybe,
reception works in the opposite way.
What do you think?

Radio waves reception is the complete reverse of radio transmission. That is, first,
electromagnetic wave is transformed to electrical energy and then to sound energy. How?
When the electromagnetic wave in the form of radio wave passes by a receiving antenna,
energy is absorbed and current in the conductor induces a potential difference. This voltage

13
is delivered to the receiver where it is amplified. This varying electric field produces
changing magnetic field that causes vibrations in the radio speakers!

What you will do

Activity 2.1 Make your own radio transmitter

Materials:
9-volt battery (new)
coin
AM radio

Procedure:

1. Take the new battery and coin.

2. Bring the AM radio near you and tune it to the area where you hear a static.
3. Repeatedly tap the two terminals of the battery with a coin.
4. Describe the sounds produced.

Key to answers on page 27

Now, I understand why wires are no

longer used in connecting transmitting and
receiving stations. But, I still have one
question in mind.

How are sounds, messages,

information carried by this radio wave?

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 It is important to note that the radio waves being transmitted and received cannot
carry information, messages and sounds unless it is modulated. Modulation of the wave is a
way to encode these data. To modulate, patterns of variations called signal must be
produced containing all the information that one wishes to send and this signal is overlaid
onto the radio wave. The following illustration shows this.

Radio
wave

Signal

Modulated
wave

Fig. 8. Modulated wave

We have three ways of encoding information:

1. Pulse Modulation (PM)

This is done by simply turning the wave on and off. It is not a very common
modulation but it still is being used by United States for radio controlled clocks.

Fig. 9

2. Amplitude Modulation (AM)

This modulation involves changing the amplitude of the wave but keeping its
frequency constant. AM is used in standard broadcasting. AM stations and the visual
aspect of the TV signal use amplitude modulation. The transmissions produced,
however, are easily affected by static and other interferences.

15
 Fig. 10

3. Frequency Modulation FM)

Here, the radio wave’s amplitude is kept constant while the frequency is
changed. This kind of modulation is not easily affected by static and interference. It is
widely used in FM stations, sound portion of the TV signal, cordless phones and cell
phones.

Fig. 11

Oh, I see. Sending messages

through the air requires
transmission and modulation of
radio wave! Why didn’t I think
of this before? ☺

Did you know that…

Frequency is an important characteristic of the radio wave. AM

broadcast frequency is about 1,000, 0000 cycles per second (hertz). For
example, when you tune in to your favorite AM radio station at 630 on the
dial, the radio is tuning to the radio wave with the frequency of 630,000
cycles per second! On the other hand, FM radio operates on 100,000,000
cycles per second. So when you turn to 101.1 YES FM, your radio is tuning
to 101, 100,000 cycles per second frequency.

16
 What is your favorite FM station? What frequency does your radio tune to
when you dial this station?

Different radio and television stations use different frequencies in

broadcasting. Broadcast bands are indicated in the radio and television sets. Here is
something for you to discover:

What you will do

Activity 2.2 Broadcast Bands

You will need:

FM/AM radio
Television Set

Take your FM/AM radio unit and look for the different broadcast bands. Do the
same with your television set. Enter what you have found in the table and research
the frequency range and uses for each band. Also, provide appropriate title for the
table.

____________________________

Type of Broadcast Band Frequency Range Typical Uses

Key to answers on page 28

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Satellite Communication

We know for a fact that radio waves travel in straight line. Why then are we able to
receive messages/information from other parts of the world?

First, let’s take a short review of some facts we learned in earth science. One layer of
the atmosphere is composed of ionized gases. This layer is called ionosphere. When radio
waves are sent into the air and strike the ionosphere, the low frequency ones are reflected
back to earth. However, the high frequency waves penetrate into the ionosphere and to the
space. Therefore, communication satellites are used to reflect these waves back to earth
which are then captured by the receiving antennas. Most communication satellites are used
for telephone services while the rest are for television broadcasting, scientific research and
weather forecast.

Fig. 12.
Penetration of
high frequency waves into
the ionosphere

Fig. 13 Fig. 13
Reflection of High Frequency
Waves by Satellite

Communication Devices

Most households today have television sets. People use this communication
device to receive news, entertainment and other information. There are many different ways
for the TV to receive signals. The most common (which is also the focus of this discussion)
is the broadcast programming received through the antenna (e.g. analog TV). How does this

18
normal broadcast signal get into the television set? The picture aspect of TV signal requires
4 megahertz of bandwidth. A bandwidth is a frequency range given to a channel. It is some
sort of electrical “space” taken by the channel on a cable. Now when sound called vestigial
band and little buffer space are added, a typical TV signal requires 6 megahertz of
bandwidth. So the radio spectrum is chopped into 6 megahertz bandwidths and these
correspond to the different channels we tune into. When the TV is tuned into the favorite
channel, the TV extracts the video signal and the sound signal of this particular frequency
band.

Haha! I got a really big

TV! I can’t wait to
watch my favorite
program!

Not only do people use TV for information, they also use cell phones for
communication especially for the Asians and Europeans. Cell phone is a very sophisticated
radio, but still a radio nonetheless. It is today’s answer to the
emerging demand for mobile communication. Before the cell phone
was invented, people installed radio-telephones in their cars.
However, in the radio-telephone system, one antenna tower of 25
channels can be built in one large city. This means that the radio
should be powerful enough to transmit waves over a hundreds of
kilometers. It also meant that only few people can use this
communication device because of the very limited channels. Now,
cellular system was built. The city is divided into smaller cells and
each cell site is considered as a base station where calls can be
placed and received. Also the cell phones and base stations have
low power transmitters and so do not reach much beyond the cell
boundaries. Therefore, cell sites can transmit the same frequency at the same time as long
as they are not adjacent. With this, more people can use cellular phones!

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 And I got something to add…since
cell phones are low-power
transmitters, small batteries can be
used. This what makes cell phones
very handy! Yehey!

Did you know that…

According to one of the publications of Southeast Asian Press

Alliance, the Philippines is now known as the text capital of the world. Over
100 million text messages are sent every day!

Further Improvements in Communication

Do you notice that a lot of people now resort to Cable TV for news, entertainment and
educational programs? CATV or cable TV is now used because of its wide range of
channels and clearer sound and picture. Moreover, some cable companies provide internet
access to users. How does this amazing CATV work? In the cable system, signals are
received through dish antennas and are delivered to subscribers through coaxial cables.
The signal however gets weaker as it travels the cable so amplifiers are installed at strategic
places along the cable to boost the strength of the signal. Recently, the bandwidths of cable
systems are increased and so the number of channels has increased. Today, engineers are
suggesting the use of fiber optics and lasers in cables as laser cables are more efficient in
transmitting signals than coaxial cables. This will enable cable providers to lessen the
amplifiers resulting to cost-effective system, cheaper subscription fees and better quality of
pictures and sounds. Studies on other uses of fiber optics and layers are still ongoing.
Digital systems are also looked into. Much is really yet to be discovered!

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 Fig. 13.
Cable TV
System

What you will do

Self-Test 2.1

History of Communication!

Using the flow chart on the next page, trace the development of communication from the
time sending messages by electricity was devised to the present. You may add more boxes.
Include other important details on the space at the right side.

21
 Key to answers on page 28

The Basics of Communication Devices

Sending information, messages or data can be done in two ways: (1) through
analog method and (2) through digital method. Radio and phonographs transmit
information using the analog method. Digital computers use the latter method.

Let’s discuss the analog method first. Analog devices send information by regulating
electricity. The variable resistor is the main component of the circuit that does this by
varying the current or voltage that runs through the circuit. The pattern of these variations is
then interpreted or decoded and the message is understood. The AM and FM are analog
methods of sending messages and information.

The digital method on the other hand, sends information through switching.
Switching is another way of regulating electricity but with higher speed than analog method.
Transistors and diodes act as switches (sometimes amplifiers).

22
 Switching circuits that process data (in decision stage of electronic circuits) are called
logic gates. Logic gates have three basic types: (1) AND gate; (2) OR gate and (3) NOT
gate. Logic gates can be combined to form other logic gates.
The following are the logic gates traditional symbols:

AND OR NOT

Electrical devices such as transistors and diodes

can be combined in one silicon chip to form the
integrated circuit. An integrated circuit can act as
amplifier or a switch but operates at much higher
speed. It is also cheap and very reliable. Modern
computers use silicon chips for high speed
processing of data.
Figure 14 Integrated circuit

What you will do

Self-Test 2.2 Journal Writing!

Based on what you have learned on the uses, applications and development of radio
communication, discuss the possible effects of these on people’s daily affairs.

_____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Key to answers on page 29

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 Let’s summarize!

The following concept map synthesizes the lessons discussed:

Electromagnetic waves Radio Waves

one form of
which is

produced by is applied in

Vibrating charge Communication

affect

People’s Lives

and
developed
into

Wireless
Electronics Communication

which is made
possible by

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 Posttest

I. Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Electromagnetic waves are considered as __________

A. electric waves
B. longitudinal waves
C. transverse waves
D. mechanical waves

2. In the vacuum, the speed of the electromagnetic wave is _____

A. zero
B. always the same as the speed of light
C. changing depending on the value of its wavelength
D. none of the above

3. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used in cancer treatment?

A. x-ray
B. ultraviolet
C. gamma ray
D. microwave

4. Which wave has the shortest wavelength?

A. x-ray
B. ultraviolet
C. gamma ray
D. microwave

5. Which of the following energy transformations occur at the receiving station?

A. Sound energy to electrical energy
B. Electromagnetic energy to sound energy
C. Electrical energy to electromagnetic energy
D. Electromagnetic energy to electrical energy

II. Discussing and Explaining: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your
answer on the space provided.

1. Discuss how transmission of radio wave occurs.

2. Discuss how television signal reaches homes.

25
 3. List down further developments that scientists and engineers are studying for
improvement of communication.

III. Appreciating
How has wireless technology improved people’s way of life?

Key to answers on page 29

Key to Answers

Pretest
I. Multiple Choice
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. A
II. Discussing and Explaining
1. When the electromagnetic wave in the form of radio wave passes by a
receiving antenna, energy is absorbed and current in the conductor induces
a potential difference. This voltage is delivered to the receiver where it is
amplified. This varying electric field produces changing magnetic field that
vibrates the radio speakers.
2. A. telephone - easy distance communication
B. television - fast access to news/programs
C. cell phones - mobile communication
D. satellites - faster communication around
the world
E. internet - fast access to all kinds
of information
3. Distance communication has become possible through the invention of
telegraph. From here, developments have arisen. Telephone was invented
for easier communication and after which radio communication came.

III. Sequencing
1,2,3,4

26
Lesson 1

Activity 1.2

EM Wave Frequency Wavelength

Range (hertz) Range (meters)
Radio Waves 102 – 1012 10-4 -106
Microwaves 109-1010 10-1-10-3
Infrared 1011-1014 10-6-10-3
Visible Light 1014-1015 10-7-10-3
Ultraviolet 1015-1017 10-9-10-7
X-rays 1017-1019 10-12-10-8
Gamma rays 1018-1025 10-17-10-11

Self-Test 1.1

1. Electromagnetism principles are summarized in Faraday’s Law and Oersted

discovery. For electromagnetic waves to be produced, disturbance, which is the
vibrating charge, must occur. When the charge is moved, the electric field around it
is changed. In the Oersted’s discovery: A changing electric field produces a
magnetic field. A changing magnetic field is therefore produced around the vibrating
charge. Furthermore, this changing magnetic field produces electric field as
according to Faraday’s Law.
2. Different forms of electromagnetic waves are used for different purposes, although
some have common uses. For instance, X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet rays are
used for medical purposes. Radio waves and microwaves are both used in wireless
communication. In terms of properties, the different forms also have different
frequency and hence different wavelengths. The gamma rays are high frequency
waves and the radio waves are the low frequency waves.
3. Radio waves are widely used for wireless communication,

Lesson 2

Activity 2.1
1. Rattling sounds are produced which indicates that radio waves are being
transmitted and received by the AM radio’s antenna.

27
Activity 2.2
Frequency Range and Uses of Broadcast Bands

Type of Broadcast Frequency Range Typical Uses

Band
Very Low Frequency 10kHz-30kHz Long distance radio
(VLF) connections
Low Frequency 30KHz-300kHz Broadcasting, maritime
(LF) navigation, long distance
radio connections
Medium Frequency 300kHz-3MHz Broadcasting, marine
(MF) communication, maritime
navigation
High Frequency 3MHz-30MHz Medium and Long distance
(HF) communication
Very High Frequency 30MHz-300Mhz Television, FM, mobile
(VHF) communication
Ultra High Frequency 300MHz-3000MHz Radio links, television
radar, aerial navigation
Super High Frequency 3000MHz-30000MHz Radar, wave guide
(SHF) communication

Self-Test 2.1

Sending Message by Electricity - message transmitted by alphabet

Invention of Telegraph
-uses electromagnet

Invention of Telephone
- longer distance communication

- uses radio waves

Radio Communication

28
Self Test 2.2 (Answers may vary but the following points/ideas should have been
considered)

Effects of wireless communication to society depend on how it is used:

Responsible use of wireless communication devices leads to:

Easy and faster access to relevant information
Faster communication, which would result to efficient work and services
More research and development

Irresponsible use of wireless communication leads to:

Posting and use of invalidated and inaccurate facts and information
More money spent
Easy access to malicious statements and figures

Post-Test
I. Multiple Choice
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. D

II. Discussing and Explaining

1. Simple radio transmitters work on two basic processes: (1) transformation of sound
energy to electrical energy; (2) transformation of electrical energy to electromagnetic
energy. The first occurs in the microphone and oscillator circuit while the last occurs at
the antenna.

2. There are many different ways for the TV to receive signals. The most common is the
broadcast programming where signal is received through the antenna (e.g. analog TV).
When one tunes into his favorite channel, his TV extracts the video signal and the sound
signal of this particular frequency band.

3. Lasers and fiber optics are now being studied to improve wireless communication.

III. Appreciating (the following points should have been considered)

Family bond is strengthened through faster and easy communication
Awareness and involvement to societal issues and concerns through easy access to
information, news and programs
Learning is made fun and simple for young and adult through television.
More efficient work and services
More research and development

-End of Module-

29
References

Feather, Ralph M. Jr. et. al. (1995). Science interactions: Course 3. Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw Hill.

Halliday, D., Resnick, J., & Walker J. (1993). Fundamentals of physics (4th ed.) Canada: John Wiley and
Sons.

Freedman R.A., & Young, H.D. (1996). University physics. Vol. 1. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company Inc.

De Jong, E., Brown , M., Butler, P. & Hayes, J. (1991). Physics two. Australia: Rigby Heinman Publishing
Group.

Hewitt, P. (1997). Conceptual physics (3rd ed.) USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

Pabellon, J. & Tubal, G. (1995). Science and technology for a better life (2nd ed.) Philippines: Diwa Learning
Systems Inc.

How cell phone works. Retrieved March 23, 2005 from

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone4htm.

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Electromagnetic waves. Retrieved March 23, 2005 from http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.

How Television Works. Retrieved March 23, 2005 from http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/tv.htm

Literate lasers. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from http://library.thinkquest.org/28160/english/lasers/literate.html

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. Retreived March 28, 2005 from

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Hot bars. Retrieved March 28, 2005 from http://www.namfg.com/images/hot-metal-bars.jpg

Fluorescent bulb. Retrieved March 28, 2005 from http://images.google.com.ph

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