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164 views210 pagesMaths Solution II Sem PDF
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 210
ENGINEERING
MATHEMATICS
Volume - Il
_ eee ee
For B. E. First Year / Second Part
Civil, Electronics, Computer, Electrical and
Mechanical, Agriculture, Industrial and B. Arch
a
with Examination Questions &L Solutions
Ganga D.C. Rajendra Paudel
Arun Bhandari Narayan Prasad Adhikari
Heritage Publisher & Distributor Put. Ltd.
Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Contents
Exercise - 1 4
Exercise -8
Exercise -9 ae,
Tiers 2A SS
ee 161
Exercise $$$
Book : A complete Solution of cs Te ee ae
Engineering Mathematics LA a 3
oan Exercise = 1 memeneee ea 18
Publisher. : Heritage Publishers & Distributor Pvt. Ltd, Mitre See eee ig
Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 4221291, 422970
email: [email protected]
© + Publisher and Author
Edition + 2013 Beecse 7 Saale)
Revised edition : 2015 Exercise - 18 ae
Price + Rs, 375/- “ x
Computer —_:_ Heritage Desktop Rveceite 18-2 ERE ae aet
sere 26 4
Boecciss 2] eee enue Teta
Exercise - 22
ioe Spee
iver 2p hay
Hierctsgw 29 SE a WT
Exercise - 26—-n--w-w- 352
Exercise - 27-————--—
eee ee ee oe
Exercise - 28-—--———_____—_-_. ci
Exercise « 30mm ag
Exercise - 31. 4h
TOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Regular——————____. 405
JOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Old Back-——— 409
alculus of Several
ct w= ffx, y) be function of two independent variables x and y. If we keep
constant and x varies then u becomes a function of x only. The derivative
hiv with respect to x, keeping, y as constant is called partial derivative of u
14. wand itis denoted as
Bm cyte
The process of finding the partial differential coefficient of u wart. x’ is that
jf ordinary differentiation but with the only difference that we treat y as
-onstant
similarly, the partial derivative of u wart. y keeping x as constant is denoted
by
Let u=ffx, y)then 2 and 2 being the function of x and y and so these
oe By
an be differentiated further partially with respect to x and y.
symbolically
a
#t
a Of, fa
or,
:i
or, SE ots fs Homogeneous function
‘A function w= f(x, y) of two independent variables x and
variables x and y is said to be
homogeneous function of degree n. If it can be expressed either ofthe f
reer)
For example.
Consider the function
fo y)
wl
+ 2hxy + by? is homogeneous function of degree two.
Euler's theorem on homogeneous function of two independent
variables. r
fatement
If u= ffx, y) be a homogeneous function of two independent variable
ie aaes ‘two independent variables x a
xy
& oy anu
Eales theorem on omogencons function of three independent
variables, ee
\
Statement
y, 2) bea homogeneous funtion of te independent variables
y, and z of degree n then et .
Maxima and minima
A funetion f (x,y) is said to have a maximum or minimum at (a,b)
vecording as
Ifu= fix, and x= $(0,¥=¥ 0.
Then,
ou du de yu
aK dt Oy at
If f(x, 9). The the total differential of wis defined as
=H ge
da= % dx + & ay
f= f(x, 9) = 0 be implicity function then
fe ie
R- Bho
Inerements
if u= fix, y) be function of two variables x and y and let Ax and Ay be
increments of x and y respectively, then the increment Au of
x, yis
Au=f(x+Ax, y+ Ay)- £0 9).
f(a+h,b+k)<£(a,b)
or, f(a +h, b+K)> f(a, b)
{or all positive or negative values of h and k.
Conditions for maxima and minima of the function f(xy) of two
independent variable at a point (a, b)
For maximum value at (a, b)
@ £=0,6-0.
(0) fox fy — (fay)? > 0
and fy <0
For minimum value at (2, )
(@) {.=0.f,=0
(0) fac y~ (ln)? > O and fg 0
‘No maxima, no minima or saddle points
@ f=0, §=0
©) fasby— (fo) <0
No information
@ &=0,
(©) fax fy ~ (fo)
Condition for maxima and minima of the function f(x, y,2) of three
independent variable at a point (a,b, ©)
For maximum value at (a,b, ¢)
(2) = 0,f," 0.6
(b) fax <0, fax fy — (Eg) > 0 For minimum value at (a,b,c)
(B) fa. ™0, fa fy ~ (fy) > 0
Differentiating (i) p. w.. 1.x,
XY — xy £0 (xy) ~ 1 sin (xy)
xy — xy 608 (xy) ~sin (xy) Ans.
Differentiating i)p. w. rt. y
x? {1 =c0 (xy)} Ans.
Solution: Let f(x, ) = log (x? +’)
it ating i) partially w. rx
Solution: Let ffx, y) = tan! 2
Differentiating (i) p. w..t
1 (x+y) 2x-@2+y?)-1
p> eee ee
(2H? ° (x+y)
+key
x242ny-¥? Ang
Gay + (eer
PieeapeeltE wey eagles gene
eay (ty
tee
y=!
(x+y) + (8 +97)
=
Ans.
toe
» =>
WW) rey
Solution: Lat x,y) = ear mone
Ditfreaing power
(2292) 2-2-9?) 2
_ 28 426j7-288 ey? bay?
4 (e+) (ey
Differentiating () p. wr
(2 +92) (29) 2-9") 27
ey
Py 42y3 atx
(ey
Ans.
iraxtya2y? Ans,
© simtextby
Solution : Let f(x, 9) sin (@x + By) ure @)
Differentiating () p. we. 's°
2 F ‘Ans.
(ax +byy
5
reat
Sena 2
o
Differentiating (i) p. w. 8.
1 b
2g Chraaai eae Ans.
Find the partial derivative of second orders of the following
functions f(x, y)
Peseyeoyty
Solution: Let x, y)=x°++ 3x’y + Say? +y.
w
Solution: Let f(x, y)= e947 (D)
Differentiating () partially we get,
sho eter? axty)
Differentiating (i) partially we get,
“f= 3x" + Oxy + 3y!
1 fy = Ox + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans.
f= 6x + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans
f= 3x! + Oxy +3)"
o: fy = 6x + 6y = 6 (x+y) Ans.
1 fy = 6x+ 6y = 6 (+9) Ans.
etsy?
fam 907724 x+y) eve? Ox+y)
= exten? (24 x+y) Ans.
Fs fg OMY? 1+ Ox ty) eH? (+29)
= tear? (14 x+y) (x+2y)} Ans.
fm oI? (e429)
shyt ome 24 ena? (+29) 6429)
= etre? (2+ (+297) Ans
pov? 14 (c+ 2y) ee? x+y)
Soyer? (14 (¢+2y) Ox + y)} Ans
Gi) tog (xy + xy'f
Sepals As 9) = W60 Giy wy) = 10)
ifferentiating (i) partially we
2 f= Z xy +
oh! Gay yy
= -¥Gx+y) x+y) _ 2xry
Gy) xR TY) Peay
x2(xty)?
2x2 +2xy —4x? —4xy—y?
xe(x+y)
ax Dey? _ 8-2 +2094?)
(cy) Bin)
e =~ Ans.
(x+y)
= Bay dt oy
Ans.
a
ele
(x+y)
1
(x+y?
Sx ier
ena «G2 + 2xy)
x(x+2y) _ (+29)
ayQry) | ¥FY)
(e+?) .2- (+29) +29)
Petyy
Day +2y2—x2 —dxy dy? _ =x? -2ey-29?
Peery)
Peel
_ abery oy? wt SS
Solution: Let f(x, y) = PS am
Differentiating () partially we get,
ene (2-¥)2y-2928
4) a “eee
:
wR pity ap dat
(2-92) +4xy2 (¢-¥)
ty) ~ 2x2y
(e+yy
24 2ny? x(x? +y?
(e+r) (asf
2x
a
ea eae
(@+y2) (e+)
2(y2-x2),
(e+e)
4 tux sin
(team sin +
Similarly, fy =
ox
Solution: Given u=
Et tag!
y x
Differentiating (i) partially we get,
au
ay en oan ETT
Mulkptying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. we get
ou au x
xe ye
—£, then show that xO gy Ot ng,
ey
xy
orreaip adage apni teeta
ey fie ay Ve
2 xO py Ode,
RE ty-Gp a0 Proved. (i) Mumxy tye 2xthen show uct uy + ue (ety +2)
Solution: Given, u=x°y + "2 + ‘)
Ditreiatng parally we
see day?
want yz
eh ae
Aan (iD 8
tet Wy t= Day +2! ox? + Dyn ty Hex
ext+ y+ 2+ Ixy + 2yz + 2ex
it Yy He Gy + 2) Proved,
a
teu tog SO
au yy ou.
Then prove that x-i+y-H-=1 (BE 2070 Bhadra)
Solution: Given, u=Iog 22.
Differentiating (i) partially w. r. to x & y we get,
1 -(x+y) .28- (+4)
au
Ber Savas (x+y)
x+y
2x? +2xy—x?-y?
(ey) (HP)
» Be tty :
(Pe. (eames) S
boty) 2y- (ay)
wy
2 Dy tdytoxtay?
(e+y) G97)
a y2+2xyax?
ory) (+)
‘Matiplying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. and adding”
Ot gy Aa, 84 2xy— ny? y+ 2xy? yx?
Xoo” Geos) ee) + Gea) a)
wit)
28 xy may? +92 4209? yp?
(x+y) (+7)
_ Say etyeyte _(xty) (2-0 +y2)+ay (x+y)
(x+y) (+94) (x+y) (+9?)
_ (+3) (2 -a+y? 49) (242)
fey ext) Gay
sa By A Tred
(0 +9? +22), show that x Wy, =y Ug =z
pace erro eeed Gay
Ditreniung pei wo 55
k= Poy
fatea)
y2z= ve
(ear ezy
“Multiplying equation (i), i and (ii) by x,y,z resp. then we get,
XUye™Y Wax = Z Uy Proved.
Mus log (e +y'+2— epee
ou 1 es ~
a. epee
u 3(x?
(ays
a(y2=)
___3{e-99)
Go 32)
‘Adding (ji, (i) and (iv) we get,
© Reap a2 x2)
302 +y? +22 ay
y+a) (@ayhaa cs)
3
ntiating (i) partially w. r,t x, y, & z resp. we get,
1 2
UGaPREESGA ae
az (eye -Inya)
atu __ (8 +y8 428-392) .6-3(x2 -y2) 3(0-y2)
aoa Ay (HGRA)
ocx + xy? +68 By?
(8+y2+2 302)"
(x +99 +2 3x92)"
Similarly,
atu, _3fy!=2ay? -2y2) +32x2)
dy? (6 +93 +23 -3xy2)
atu____3(z4 220-2293 43x22)
at pos
‘Adding (y), (vi) and (vii) we get, '
<3 (x4 —2xy3 —2423 + 3y22?
y4 —2yx3 —2y23 +322x?
ing a ae | easels)
OE OM Ba (xb-+y? +23 xyz)
== 3 (x! + y" + 24 — 2xy? — xz’ + 3y"z — 2yz? — 23
TU fanaa eectesaetae tary)
= xy ye= 2)
rere crs
3x2 +y2+2
(xty42) (x2 +y?2+22-
upia tay) ° :
iy (Zr BB) wee
Cad eee (3-4) ery
ray (Bap eR Eaae)
a a(@-») a en ae ea 3
tea) zy
easy (xty+2)? (xty+a)? rags
+22) ev 2xyz
ep oe es = Gi)
& y =) (x+y+2) ot Gray)?
Differentiating (i) partially w. r. ty we get,
5.0) tra=t{ 2), ten show na x-2%+y-24 9 i (2) by
a yy a) ae
Sottion dren u= (2) (2)
Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get, av iti tay
ig 2 *
aee(2).( Pe ey
Differentiating (7 partially w, t's we ex,
ave nee .
agile)
ere ee een,
i) by x and equation (i) by y and adding ee) se)
ev
ie
hod te(a) tea) =
J) Wu tan (y + ax) — (y ~ax)"* then show that,
ution: Given, (y+ ax) = (9a)? oarane i)
tevezun (2st show tat Dieting) paral wr we
24, ov | atv Ba ee tan) + Sa (yan)
Gs Oa | eee
(aL pe Eyal iy sat ey? Gi
sone: Goya (2) ao may emaee Menasha
ms Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. 'y' we get,
Differentiating () parialy wr tx we get, a 3 7
Mi Ove SEA af Ags ‘coy Te ra aa
Bes, “
0
ry
ce = 2see! (y+ a) tan 9+ x) — 3 (yan). i)
1s ‘Multiplying equation (iii) by a” and subtracting (iii) from (ii) we
ug A
= Bt 2 BE pov
(6) a=$¢e+a9)* y (—ay) then show that 2 = .
Solution: Given, z = $ (x + ay) + y (x ay)... (i)
Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.'x' we get,
Z =H orm sv em)
2
1 Ze patent yana),
Differentiating (i) partially w.
1B may ntay—ay oe
a2
Sess
Matpying equation (i) by and subating (i) om (i) we
Oz Ox yy OO
ORE ge oe Ee SE ved
6.0 tase son tat? 29-2
eu
on
=a § (x +ay) +a? y" ay)...
eee Rah he ete
ee
oar ann
Ed Es aia aE
fess}
1 Wee
(2+y? +a) —3x2 (x2 y2 +22)?
(aay
¢ ayaa)
(x!
(eareap
‘Adding i), (ii) and (iv) we get,
3 (2aytantye =afetevt sa) (x? +y? +2?
aes ‘equation (i), (ii) and (iv) by
Sed pe ge
Itu= proved that
my are
atu, 3
ot eee
1
Solution: Given, u= eet
Re syteee
i
Differentit a
() partially w.r.t x weget, or,
16
(eeyteey
, Bu, Bu, FH 5 proved,
ae
ey?
1. Ifx= e080. y =r sind, then show that
, (ii) and adding
‘Squaring
me (er0 sin) Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. %° we get,
ulation: Given x= r e090 2.
gers (il, ating
= (coe i)
eH)
Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t.'x' Weget,
Bests cov are
Ox? (2+y2)? 3
ano =
eens
a (ery)
#0 _ -2xy
oF "asa
Similarly,
Adding (iv) and (v) we get,
0, 80, ty ay
Tor aye” (2+ yy (+7)
Given ue cos (rsin®)
4 sin (F sind).
Differentiating (2) and Gi) p
Btn) on 680) 8
e's [- sind . sin (¢ sin®) + cos® cos (r sind)
9 (seme
1. Le cose sind) cos + sn snd). (sind)
= re [cos® cos (r sin8) ~ sin0 sin (+ sind)]
£0
2 2 :
or or rn SE £60) ie i)
LB we si sin sin) + 040 co (ind) a Ww) “(8 (e)]: oS Bs 2 SANS
From (ii) and (iv) ‘ Hejere te coaue roe
DU BY eas net
or r x
2" Part
B= sin (sin). 6080+ 08 (sn) (sind)
= =r" [oos8 sin (r sind) + sin8 cos (r sin6)]
+ 2 =e [cos0 sin (r sind) + sind 60s (F sind)... (v)
j,i = et cos (sind), sind + sin (sind) eM . cosd
= [sin0 cos (¢ sind) + cos0 sin (r sin8)]..
ee i)
L wv
a Bra aes
i)
2
Similarly, oo es:
‘Adding (¥) and (vi) we. nm
9. ttw=f(e, then prove hat
nor Lee.
1 Beto Shs Be (2 Using otc i) we
ee aa, Bu = i eortro
ba (a ror a tf ‘ex?
a -[b+ =| M0 stre
Fu (Oe) pu gyy Or
Br (FE) 2 Been) (294): tetera:
Adding (ii) and (iii) we get,
he Bho fUBeaY paces PEs
Se + Bh (Bye Sere
_s + HMO Sr plb hd in
2 1. Verify Euler's theorem for the following functions.
wax f
@ t( )
Solution: Were, =x (
This equation is homogeneous function of degre one. Then by Euler's . eas
theorems, xy?
xMry Mey DBO ce ae ees
x Yay
Differentiating () partly wrt. x & y resp. we get,
- ee Ir GEO I ci
oBeoeelS) (a) (2)
a yy oe
x Nay
Hence Euler's theorem verify.
+).
x
(i) w= aw
Solutio @
of degree n then by Euler's
9: We have, u= x" tan 4)
‘equation is homogeneous funct
theorem,
au) ae
aa
Hage acs abreast vari Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t. x & y resp. we get,
om
a ae pene
a as
Solution: We have, u = sin’ Fee +tan! a
U is a homogeneous function of degree 0. Then by Euler's
‘theorem
au.) du
ty <9 y=
Rete Ure
Differentiating () partly w.. xy resp. we get
2 ‘Multiplying equation (i) & (ii) by x & y resp. and adding we get,
= Joby Bots amt ea al vena (4) - ‘)
Pe ete tea eee Hence, equation (i) is homogeneous equation of degree one then by,
. bata =u flute’ theorem.
ow,
Hence Elulers theorem verify. Pe a
ovsing pari 1 9 ep. we
(2) Ge)
x) (=e
(wy uae’ ea
x : *
‘This is homogeneous function of degree n then by Euler's theorem
oy any
Fe cae
Differentiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get,
eos(-L) (Baers 2)
=-2*yeu(Z) san (Z)
neve z) oneal)
Solution: We have, uextsn(-2)
ding i) and i) we et
uy OL a(S
ie ORs x
‘Hence the Eeile's theorem verify.
“Adding iy and i) we get, ‘
uy du. ee
eet a ax in oy Se
au, you
ce Dey OL au 2
Biel Solution: We have, u=
Hence the Euler’s theorem verify, x
uF
#
at ene equation ( ishomogenous fan of ers then by
Euler's theorem.
ae, a
Solution: We have, w= — Sty em
Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t. x & y resp. we get,
“Eee Ce) =)
poy cos Saag (
“(8
au, y au
osu (xh =3 sima from (i
c ( a ye) 0
Stead 3-SBL_=3 tan uhence proved.
‘Adding (i and (i) we gat,
xB ty Bare (2) -2u (i) ea tog show tat x By Be
ay 2 olution: We ave, u=logx
xB ey A aoe :
ox Vy
Hence, Euler's theorem verify,
©) ttu=sin? 2, show tnat x+y =.
2.0 Musa? EP show that x-5-+y-S= Stan U
x) -yge(%
Gels) 0
‘Thus ' is homogeneous function of degree one then by Ealer's
aa
xty
a
af
say RN!
re)
sins.» 4)
‘Thus, sin wis homogeneous function of degree three then by Euler's
theorem,
Solution: We have, u= sin“
sin w=
sinw_, yp_sinu
xo eR Siu.
Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get
Men Be oe
the
1 Cou Bary (2), +
Multiplying equation (ii) by x & (i) by y and adding we get,
26 , KF tai
wy itso» EAE then how at xbtty Btn
(BE 2069, Poush, Bhadra, 2068 Magt
Solution: We have,
‘Thus sin wis homogeneous of function of degre zero, Then by
Euler's thorem.
x-2sinu_, y_2sinw
ox ay
au au
Hence, xB + y Bt = 0 Proved
x+y? au, y 20
) itu= tr show that x ty
Solution: We ave, =a? S22
{stan ishomogeneou ition of epee wo. Tenby Euler
i
gy Ota
te, y 2D ren
Loven (pail wr. yap. we gt
#0(2) 2a)
xt
‘Multiplying equation (ii) by x and equation (i) by y and adding we
i,
4 oe ae
secu BL ty sect
sinw
Sint _= 2 sin w cosu= sin? w
osu . sect
oy og
lence, x22 + y-2L = sin? u. Proved.
Wence, x5 ty =
hee
Ht cose
xotys
Show that x24 y= 2 tan,
ors 6
lution: We have, w= cosee? X7*¥ >
‘ i
z
T
>
oe
xt4y new [r}
Ou 4 yt = 1 cotu. ira)
hon show macs Sty t= 5 Com, (BE2068 Bhadra)
1
= L ceoseeu
6
Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get,
~coseéu com—2t. =x yf)”
ota bo) (
ay ty +(2)
. ee de ‘1h cos w is homogeneous function of degree —-. Then by Euler's
= Coseencot Bm x6 «( ,
fee sae
‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. bho
Sree i
tne eee y (2)
ey
F(Z)
fe pS he Oa OLE
Hence, x- je EN
5 1 $ fan Proved.
1 i
= 4 cos.u fiom (i)
mu Ok, y Bak cella, Neat Loe
‘Seas cag args ue
Bi Owe treet ty
Hence, x-Bi-¢y 24. = 5. cotu, Proved
a
(vii) If w=log (4+ y* +2. Then prove that x22
ayo? bebe
Solution: We have, u=log (x? +y? +2")
Differentiating () partially w.
ou 1
x yey?
Differentiating (i) partially w.r..' we get
@u__ =x ae 4x
ezox (eryt+2)
‘Again, Differentiating ()parally w.r..' we get,
(2 sy2+2)
yy aan tye
(e+yvezy Peay? +z)
Multiplying equation (v) by x and (iii) by y we get,
eu eu
“yen earn Proves
3. Find 2 in the llowing anetins
Seor as
@ “xbeytet
ae
Solution: We have, x3 +Y 3 = V enue (i)
Differentiating () partially wr.’ we ge,
p Wiedysy at
de txyty=
Hy inf + 2xy+3y? Se =
ox + 2ny+3y GE =o
tl hay) tL = (6 +29) pee
) (ano Qo" =0
ution! (ian x) + Q)™ E
Let F(a x97 YE srr
siating (i) partially w-¥.t. andy’ resp. we get
i log y sec"
BE yan xy! secre y
Ai 2 an) fg ty
a* log a]
te
Weloon, = BF
oy
[nfm seat + yt ony soot
~ | (tan) Tog tan x-+tan x y8e¥-t
vy(tanx)"" +logy .y®**
rg y jan x= 1
(fan) log tan x +tan x.y
iy) by’ =3axy ;
iilons We have, x2 + 9° = 3x2Y or
‘ferentiating (partially w.. tx! we Bet,
397M =a SE 431
Ly? —3)=Gay-38)
ty. 3y-)
dx (ya)
fy = A=" ns,
ak” yPmax
Wy wtytm (x tyr" :
olutho: We have, xty*= (x + y)P**
Taking logon both sides,
3 log x" Y= log (+ yP"8
or, loge + logy"= (p+ g log (x+y)
oF, logx +9 logy ™ (p+ q) log (x+y)
Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.'x’ we get,
ty Act dye (pe
peta. = Peal (iste) capers
as ‘f tae re ei a
[2-422] Sipiqe Arps Gy (oy
x+y
2 1
1 -1 ‘
ey er ay
Uy?
pelog(xtyyx=e Myatt
Wign) Wehave, 2= log (x +y),x=e% y=P—e
Deentating w.r. 1. we get,
C2e%+3P- 21)
yxrl+yF logy ind 12 in the following functions.
x) logx xy"! ee xcosy+ysinx, y= +1
ims We have, z=x cos y +y sin x, y=x°+ 1
(i) e+e=ny Difereniating w. 1. We get,
fe se BY + cosy. 1 +y c05 x + six
Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t. x" ae CD tg ey Lae ox
ca
sot 2 2x41
C a
(0-29) -B =r ~xsiny DL + cosy +ycos.c+ sin
fy. 2yne * =o xsin (+1) Qx+ 1) +e08 +1)
veer ts + (c+ 1) cose + sinx. 2x+ 1)
‘ee -2x
4 Find -22-in the following functions. 605 (x2 + 1) + (x2 + 1) cos x= (2x? +x) sin (+1)
+@x+1)sinx Ans.
eae yee yu
Osea ter eT
1 t
Fels aaa
at
Solution: We have, z=x°-y',x= Wz tney=
Solution: Wehave,2= (+x) 2% y=
Hone" (sey) +07(10e) mt & -
6 ifu={(x, y) = x" ~ 2xy + 3y, find the differential du and ct
Gu in a if f(x, y) changes from (1, 2) to (1, 03, 1.99).
Solution: Given u~ fx y) =X°~ xy +3Y oon
Deeenieis 0 paca te PT
ee
& ‘2y and ay 2x+3
Here x= 1, y=2
dx = Ax = 1.03 -1=0.03
dy=Ay=199-2=-0.01
Now,
= Bag Se
du a at
= Qx-2y) de+ C2x+ 3) dy
@x1-2%2) (.03)+C2*1+3)C001)
=006-0.01
0.07 Ans.
and,
Au» f(x + Ax, y + Ay)— f(x, y) = F(1.3, 1.99)—F(1, 2)
= (1.03)°2 (1.03) (1.99) +3 (1.99) [18-2 «1243 x2
If w= E(u y) =2°+y" find the differential du and change Au in w
if (%,y) changes from hee bib
olution: Given w= fx, y) oo)
iferentiatng () paral w. xy resp We get,
2 oe and =
1 ase and 2 = 39!
Mere,x=10, y= 10
dx = x= 10.1~10=0.1
dy dy=10.1~10=0.1
Now,
= BM as Oe
dum FE ax 3 dy
= 3xdx + 3ydy = 3 * (10)? x (0.1) +3 x (10) * (0.1)
3 « 100 x 0.1 +3 100 « 0,1 = 30 +30 = 60 Ans.
And,
bum £(x+Ax, y+ Ay) — f(x, ¥) = (10.1, 10.1) -F(10.10)
= (10.1)' + (10.1) = ((10y° + (10y"}
1030 . 30.1 + 1030 . 301-2000
= 60,602 Ans.
If w= f(x, y) = x7 - 3x’! + 4x - 2y° + 6, Find the differential du
find change Au in w if f (x, y) changes from (- 2, 3) to
202,301)
olution Given w= ) = x2 ~3x°y!+ 4x2) +6
Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. we get,
a ae
BY = ayo? + 4and 2 = cy 67
Here, x=-2,y=3
dx Ax=—2,02—(-2)=-002
y= Ay=3.01-3=0.01
= Bdge
Now, du= 2 dx+ 2 dy
= (x 9x'y' +4) dx + 6x9 —6Y) dy
= [2 «C2)-9 « 2) «3? +4) x (0.02)
[6% 2) «3-6 xe] x 001)
= 632+ 1.98=83 Ans
And,
w= f(+ Any + Ay) F659)
= £002,001) ~f(-2,3)
= (€-0.02)'-3 0.02) (0.01) +4 -0.02)-2 (0.01)'+ 6}
~ {27-3 C2) BY +42) G) +6)
= 6.08 — (164)
== 157.92 ans The radius and altitude of rigid circular eylinder and measu
a8 3 inches and 8 inches respectively with possible ror
measurement of 0.05 inches find the maxialum error In
Calculated volume ofthe elinder
Solution: Let the radius of the cylinder = + inches, akiutde of the
cylinder =h inches
Volume ofthe eslinder = V cubic inches.
We know that
Verh @
Differentiating () partially w.r.t.r &h resp. we get
a. oe
Be 7 mth and & me
Also, given,
reSandh=8
dr = $005 and dh = 005
SO Ove a
Now, dv = 2 d+ Sh = 25th e+ ch
= 23) (8) (4.0.05) +B) (0.05)
(Changes = 2.85n =2,85 « 3.14= 8.95 cubic inches
If the dimension in inches of a rectangular box change from 9, 6
and 4 to 9.02, 5.97 and 4.01 respectively. Find the change in
volume.
Solution: Let i, b, h be the length , breath and height of the box in inches.
Let V be its volume
VE BW nn)
Ditfeentiating () partially w. rt rand h esp. we get,
2 bh, © = mand ©
= bs, = mand =m
Also given,
1=9,b=6,h=4
i= A=902-9=0.02
db = Ab =5.97-6 =-0.03
dh=4h=401-4= 001
= © ays & ayy &
Now, dy= a+ & ay + 2 am
= bh (Al) + th (bo + (ny
= 64 (0.02) +94 (-003) +9 x6 (0.01)
= 006
‘Thus the volume decreases by 0.06 cubic inches,
38
Important I0E Questions and Answers
Sort,
‘State Euler's Theorem for a homogeneous function of two
independent variables and verify it for the function.
(BE 2067, Mangsir)
First part : Statement of Euler’ theorem on homogeneous function of
two independent varables-
IfU= f(x, ) be & homogeneous function of two independent variables x
and y of degxen then,
xb yy Atay
Ox Oy
Hence U is homogeneous function of degree -.. Then by Euler's
theorem
x2 ya
ox vay 20
Diff. (i) partially w.
(
tox andy resp.
(Sot
Multiplying (i) and (il) by x and y resp. and adding
30 3ax=0 > y*-ax
Solving (i) and (ii)
x=0, y=0 andx=a,y
‘The stationary points are (0, 0) and (a, 2)
At(0,0) fax, fy=0, fy =—3a
Now, fal (fy)? =~ 98? <0
Hence, theres value at (0, 0) no extreme
At, (@a)
fa 6a,
Now, fay
and f= 6a>0 ifa>0
and fe, = 6a <0 ifa<0
ence, given function has a maximum or a minimum value at (a, a) if
a<0 oF a>0 and the maximum or minimum value,
f@a)=a' +a 3a
=a) Ans.
(i) P4304 15 — 15! +72
Solution: Let f(x,y) =x? + 3xy? — 15Sx2— 15y?4 TOK sane)
Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get,
£,= 3x" + 3y*—30x +72
£,= 6xy-30y
f= 6x30
f= 6x ~30
iy
For extreme value f= 0,
ie. 3x? + 3y?—30x +72
and 6xy ~ 309 = 0 ean (ii)
From (ii),
Gi
40
“1 Gxy = 30y=0
or, 6y (x-5)=0
x= 5
“Ify=0 then equation (ii) gives,
3x°+0-30x+72=0
=> -10x+24=0
> 6-4) (x-6)=0
2 5= (4,6)
= 4,0) (6,0)
Again, if x= 5 then équation (i) gives,
3.25+3y'—30.5+72=0
3y'-3
yea
2640
«. The stationary points are,
4,0) (6,0) and (5, + 1)
AL G,0)
fa" 6.4-30=-6
64-30=-6
fy = 6.0=0
NOW, ful ~ (fy) ==6 .~6 =36>0
And fa =-6 <0
‘Thus the given function has maximum value at (4 0) and
‘maximum value is,
4, 0)= 64 +0- 15x 16-0+72.4
= 64 ~240-+ 288 = 112 Ans,
At (6,0)
f= 66-306
=66-30-6
Riser
Now, fay = (fy)?= 66-0
=36>0 .
and f= 6> 0
‘Thus the given function f(x,y) has minimum value at (6, 0) and the
ur val is,
6,0)=6'+0- 1536-04726
=216-540+432= 108
AtG,£1) ‘ .
Now,
fatby (by) = 0 (4 6)'=—36< 0°
and fg =0
2
This fly ~ (Fy) <0 and fee = 0 50 the given function has heither
nxima nor minima at (5, + 1) Ans.
{. he top ¢ )
won: Let 03) =19 (@=x-y)
. Spear elegy
Ditteventiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get,
aepaaeunes
From Gi,
ya-2x-y
© y=0, a-2x-y=0..
Prom Gi)
K(Q-x-2y9) 50
Paxe Zing)
a
a2.
3a-2a
3
‘ ‘The stationary points ae (0,0) and (-
At, (0,0)
fae 0, by =O) fy =a
Now, fay = (fy) = =a" <0
Hence, there is no extreme valve at (0,0)
-y=0
a
aa Hence the given function has a maximum or a minimum value at
(& : +) ifa> 0 ora<0 and maximum or minimum value i,
heer y)-
fy 4 ae”
fone
Now, for extreme value f= 0, f
4x—dy 4x:
4x + 4y—ay!
0
X50 58) + ¢—x)
= 84K (x=
1+(-x¥}=0
Eners<6 or, 1+(1=x=0
Q-x¥=-1
a-xy
‘Token from equation y= x — x?
=x(l-x) a4 V2 1-2)" V2
‘The stationary points are (0,0), (y2,— V2) and (- V2 V2)
10,0): fa 4, fy = 4 de: —4
NOW, fos hy ~ (by)? = 4.44)" = 16-16 =0
‘Henee, the given function has no information at (0, 0)
MVE + V2)
f= 4-24=~20
fy=4-24=—20
fy--4
Now, faby = Cay)
=(20). 20)-C4)'= 400-16 =384>0
Wid f= = 20<0
This the given function f(x, y) has maximum value at (V2, +2)
‘wid the maximium value is,
(NE 4 V2 )=2GVE sv2 Y- NT te
ea 4-4" 16-8=8 Ans,
Wo (r+27-(y-
Wo Let ys) ton eed -9-3F
‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.x & y.
Now, for extreme value,
£=0, =0
420 x92
toad Sy=
"he stationary points is (2, 2)
Now, At(@2,2)
fay ~ (fa)? =-2.—2-(0F *
=4>0
df =-2.<0
‘ence the given function ix, y) has maximum value at (~2,2) and
the maximum value is
f{-2, 2) = 16-(-2+2)'-@=27°
= 16 Ans.
= dt dy
Let x, y)=8—4x + 4y— Py?
“aggre ia 1x & y resp, we get,
fe=4-2x Now, for extreme value,
f=0, f=0
ie -4-2x=0 3
4-2y=0 Sy=2
2 Swe D0
The sationary points is 2,2) xe
iow,
AtC2,2) AHO and
foaby ~ (Ey)? = (2) (-2)- (OF 0
and, f.=-2<0 ne {he wationary point ae, (0, 0, 0) (1, 0,0)
Hence the given function f(x, ) is maximum value at (~2, 2)
maximum value is,
A-2,2)=8-4(-2)+42-C2y-@)?
+8+8-4-4=16 Ans,
M411, 0,0)
qn 80.1" ~60.1° = 80-60 200
‘Alon bly = (la)? = 20 * 2— OF = 40> 0
wn
(i 28 ja ear es, 4 tu ty fu| |2°9 91 og
lution: Let f(x,y) = 282 — 3uy + 4y8= $c (0 ie fy Gel =| 9 -
Dittrentatng() partially w-t vx yap we get ig fe | home
Hence the given function f(x,y, 2) is minimum value at (1, 0, 0) and
oan value is, iets
£(1,0,0)=0+0-S.1'+4.1
De tay +4y—ay' =e
Baty bao ear ay 2-62
2 hadx—3y = =3x+8y
: o fy=8
aM)
S+4=-1 Ans,
3
£=0, f=0
ie. 4x~3y= 0 and ~3x+8y=0
4 Let £05, %2)
Solving these, we gat x= 0 and y =0. Dura
es at x iating () partially we get,
5,Th stationary pois i (0,0 Ox+62, = 4—4y, Ga 6x—12z
iow, fa-6 era
8-(-3=32-9 =23>0
Hence the given function fx, y) is minimum value at (0, 0) and
‘minimum value
0, 0)=0-0+0+5=5 Ans,
oxtze
be 4-4 a,
Aolving these, we get,
4-0 yl. 250
‘The stationary points is (0, 1,0)
2. Examine and find the maximum and minimum of
2, Eyamige and id the maximum nd mininom of
Solution: Let fx, y,2) = y+ 224 5x! + 4x8
eee ee, 4
+ 20x', f= 2y, = dz (0,150)
fa =~ 60%" + 8085; y= 2, fy fu==6<0
=0, fy =0 =0, f=0, f= AlN fx fy (lag)? = 8) 4) — OF
Forename Toole 8 fee fo eae )
nee epee fu ty f|_|-§. 9 §
= 203? + 20x = 0 a mol oat -6 0 6
0 4 0 |=-6*24=-148<0
0 0 -6
Hence the given function f(x, y, 2) is minimum value at (0,1, 0)
the minimum value is,
0, 1, 0)=0+0+4.1-2.17
=2 Ans.
Gi) 38-@x+3"-G-9*-@+ DF
Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = 35 - (2x +3)'-(y-4)' -(@+ 1)...
Differentiating () partially we get,
f=-20x+3), §--20-4),
far-4 fy
“f= 0 fy=0
f-0 5-0 fro
For extreme point,
£70, 5-0, G0
ie. -2@x+3)=0 axed
-2y-4)=0
-2@+1)*0
+ Te stationary points (
3
Now, at(-2., 4, -1)
Also, fay = (fy
fx fy fe|_|-4 0 0
and|fm fy Ge[=] 0 2 0] =-16<0
Ze ellovs
‘i he cen an ae
($4 ape anes
3
>
-') 35- (2-343) aot C14
=35-0-0-0
=35 Ans.
Gv) 82428 + 398442 - dry
Solution: Let xy, 2)= 82-422 + 39°42 —3xy oa
[pilfwentiating (i partially we get,
K-3y
‘ fy
3 fy
f= 0
fi 3
Vor extreme points,
ving these x= 0, y
The stationary point is 0,0,
N(0,0,-1 fae 4>0
Also, fefy— (Em) = 46-3)
24-9
15>0
3
1a
[4 2)-see-»
sisine
ARR ead eh he tel
eeeeriicnicey en
ation: Let F(x, 2) 20
Differentiating (partially we ge,
The stationary point is (0,0, 0) Find the extreme value for the function x? + y* under the
Now,
At (0,0, 0)
fa
Also, fy ~ (fy) ert contion
a|s & ie 2 99 Shipton)
md l in Sy Gal =/(0. -2, B) = 8<0 Hom (i) and Gi
fg De Oe Ma) = (2= Ay) + Yon ii)
Hence te given fincin fy, 2) minimum valve a 0,0, 0] Pilleretiaing (Dw. FY we wk
the minimum value is (0, 0, ) = 20-00 -0 ME 22 (aay). C4) 4 2y == 16 + 32y +2
20 Ans. ¥
‘Show that following functions have a minimum at the points ae
indicated ye
© Sty +? + xyz 0t 00,0)
Solution Let 3.2) oe 49h 2 +292 Vor the extreme value
=+34>0
0
Differentiating (i) partially we get,
f=2y+2x2 f= 22+ 2xy
fan
00
2 0/=8>0
02
Hence, the given function is minimum value a (0,0, 0)
(x at aye at (1,1, 1D)
Solution: Let fx, y,2) =x1 + y+ 2 4392 vai)
Differentiating i) we get” >
fdr —dayn, f= 4y) dex
eats
f= I2y ks
289 289
AGC 1.1) Find the extreme value of 48 ~(x~5)'~3(y 4)? Subject to the
fa 12.7 =12>0 condition x 3y A
Also, fly Ufa)? = 12 (IP 12 (02-4 HF dont Let a, = 48-5) 30-49
aes pores Subject to te condition
= 140>0 xe3y
Hence the given function fx, 2) is minimum vale at (1,1, 1) onx= 9-39
Proved
50 From (i) and (ii) Solving these,
fy) 48~(0-3y—5)'-3 (4? 2xt+y-1=0
= 48 (4 ~3y)"-3 (y— 4)... iii)
Differentiating (i) w. «we ges
Fe --24-39).€39)-3.29-4)
4 ~ 18y ~ 6y +24 = 48 ray
5
, ot n_nico
dy?
For the extreme value, Af.
dy
rai
nom Ad
ae i,
tence Meany oe (
Hence the given function fix, ¥y) had maximum value at (3, 2)and 1 1
maximum value s Nowa ($,-, )
%3,2)=48-G - 59-3 2-4)" 484-12 =32 ans ae
6 Fiad te extreme ale of28s 7247 wlll Gad =48- GF
‘Subject to the condition x + y +2=1, aug. iP mi
Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = x? + ye. @ ‘Hence the given function f(x, y, z) has minimum value at
‘Subject to the condition x + y +2 = ( a +) and the minimum value is,
=>z=1-x-y di) 3
From (i) and (ii) F
fx y=x+y'+ (1—x—y? i) :
Differentiating (i) partly w.r.1'% & rep, we et
f= 2+2(1-x-y), C1) = ans
by i Es
Find the maximum and minimum values of xy? under the
condition x+y = 1
6,
cf
§=2y+2(1-x-y).Cn Solution: Let f(x, y) = xy! i)
2y-242x+2y Under the condition x + y
4y+2x-2. x=l-y Gi
From (i) and Gi)
fy)=-~py*
£=0, §=0 or, fy) = y'—y? Gi)
2kty-1= Differentiating (ii) partially w. 11! we get
x+y
x42y- ae,
dy ar ie. 8y-2xy-y? #0]
den? ty — Day — 3
meee 8x—x2~2ry #0
For extreme value is,
2y-3y'=0
or, yQ-3y)=0
sn y=0y=
ya
From (ii) when y= 0, x=1
eee oad eee
ery, aay 3 3
*, The stationary points are, (1, 0) &
At (1,0)
&t
“ay?
Hence the given funetion f(x, y) has minimum value at (1, 0) and the
‘minimum value is (1, 0)=0
2-60=2>0
eae
3 te ) Doe
8, Find the maximum value of yz under the condition
xtytz=
Solution: Let y,2) = YZ none *
‘Under the condition, = BO _(ets=t6 256
xt+y+z-8 3 3
0,2" 8-x-y.. Hence the given funetion f(x,y, 2) has maximum value at
From (i) and Gi) a 8 8
fix, y)=xy B—x=y) aa Ore
and maximum value is
+4)
= Bxy—x'y—xy7 Gi)
Differentiating (i partially we get (a
f= 8x x" —2xy 3 io
fyn—2x Find the minimum value of + y°+22
f= 8-2x-2y Subject to the condition x+y +Z—1=Oand xyz+1=0
For extreme value, (BE 2068 Magh) *
£= Solution: Let x,y, 2) = X24 97 +2 von
55 Subject tothe condition
xty+z-1=0
O94 2= 1X vor i)
and xyz+ 1
i Hence the given function fix, y, 2) has minimum value at
er ; (1.10 & the minimum value is
Now fom () i fh £1 £1) = (+(e + WP =3 Ans
‘toy het es ind the lugx'+ +2! when x+y +2=3a
=X 4 (y +2) 292 ‘ Let Jy) + Ye (D
‘Using (ii) and (iii) we get, and the condition is,
2 y+ 2 xtyta=3a
See One gt Oe 22 388 HY ni
Differentiating (iv) partially w. r.t. x’ restp. we get From (i) and Gi) :
af 2 fix, yy x+y" + Ga—x- yy ii)
shine i dae Differentiating (i) partially w. rx & ''restp. we get,
2 f,=2y +2 Ga-x-y).G1)
rae 2 hear 2y-6a+ 2x +2y =4x-6a+2y
ot 3 fund fq "2
a i >
ee f,~2y+2G ~y) G1)
ae ae 22 Gab ax +2y = 2+ Ay —6a
For extrime value is,
at
« Vor the extreme values: f= 0 and f, = 0
2 - tx+2y-6a" 0) _, 2(@x+y-3a)=0
tar ita ase dx + 4y—6a= 0} = 2(x+2y—3a)=0
ie ea mx +y-3 and x+2y-3a=0
or, 2(-1 +2". ara
of, 2x? x7 1=0 ae ae
or, 2x) — 2x? +x? -x+x-1=0
oF, 2x7 (K- +x (x= 1) +1 = 1
or, (x1) Qx?+x+1)=0
x-1=0
Sxl
Using x~ 1 in (i) and iy
geet From (i) z
sg The stationary point is (a,
Using (v) AMD ao
1 ba =
Wd faby~ Cay
<0 4—Q) = 16-4= 12>0 RE
lence the given function f(x,y, 2) has mininum value a (a a) an
ee ee eres A
‘The stationary points are, io ae ee
(tht) fla, a, a)
56
7 Important I0E Questions and Answers
1
Sol",
Find the extreme value of §= x+y" #2" connected by the relation ax
+by +er=p (BE, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Bhadra)
Let fx, 2) @
Which are connected by the relation ax + by +
te 2 BEBO ay
With the help of (i), the function (i) reduces to,
fix y
cyt Eph
Diff. partially,
y- 2B (pan —by)
2ab
+ 2a
fan 2 2, by= 242
For extreme values
ie (8 +2) x+aby—ap=0=> abx+(b +e) y—by
Solving these two equations, we obtain,
Patti these to (i)
p
aabae
The stationary points
ob apa lp De) = kep.e))
Babee ata beae’ arab oe?
by
At 4 ‘
(aaa weber
20 2) sas?
fay ~ (ba)? «(usb (le at
2
§f22+ Zoo
2
©
Hence the given function in minimum at
(43)
(Aste ATR
F 7) and minimum values i,
a abrae at abeee arab rec?)
58
ns.
(Psetee
(Obiin the maximum vale of yz such that x+y #2= 24
(BE.2069 Bhadra)
Pabee
Lob (85,2) = x92 wn)
INthatx ty #224 OF, 2 248—X—Y nore)
(i) and i)
Mik y) "ry 24-x-y) > fix y) = 2hey—H} ity
Diferentaing Gi) partially, we get
{= 2My~2xy —¥ 6, = 24K —2ay
2; fy —2x
{jpn 24-2K~2y, fy = 24-2 =2y
Yor extreme value f, = 0, f= 0
he dy —2xy-¥=0 => y (24—-2x-y)
Mx 2xy-¥?
A-2x-y=0
Golving them,
W-2x-y
24-8-8-8 _ », Thestationary point is (8, 8,8)
A (88,8); f= -2.8=—16 <0
- 2(8)} x {-2(8)} ~ (24-2 «8-2 * 8))
256-64 = 192>0
Wd fay (6)
Hence the given function is maximum at (8, 8, 8) and the maximum
sue is 18, 8, 8) 512 Ans.
ind the minimum value of a? + xy + y+ 32! under the condition x +
2y + de 60. (BE 2068 Bhadra)
Leta y,2) 222 tay 92432 ene)
W924 2Y 442 600 vn i)
We defined, F= f(x ys 2) +204 (x, 52)
Where is hagrange's multiplies.
Fox taytyi=3z' +h (x42y + 42-60)
Differentiating partially, f= 2ney +2, f=x+2y=28, G= 62442
=.=
vin there, x
(ay
\2})”
Slug these value of x,y,z in (i)
For stationary points, f,
Solving these three equation and (i) we have,
Twn se ,y~3andz=3
Differentiating (i) and (i
f= 2x+y,f=x4+2y,
ie
The stationery point (3, 3, 3)
rating () and (i) partially,
o & O Jor o%
lt fa fy eters
fe by] 21 Is
6 fe 5 re
vatue itt (0, 2 2) £100 , 10800,
T) 49
1am value of the function F(x, ¥, 2)
Sty? when
(BE 2069 Poush)
mye a:
to the relation = 24141.
Subject othe relation §= 4+ +5
O vee i)
Vience the given function is minimum at (3, 3, 3) and the minimum value
Then, F= f(x, y, 2) +24 (% y, 2) where Ais a Lagrange's multiplier. » oh?)
b+: oA ( bebe ili
yee a(t tet)... Gi)
Differentiating (i
‘
ga2- 46,
5
343°+3°=27 Ans
primarily w.r.t x,y and 2 respectively we gets,
y- 4-2-4
7;
For extreme point, F,=0,F,=0,F,
2 gay te
it~ A =0,27-4 n0,22-4=0
¥ y z Multiple Integral
Double integrals
Properties of double integrals
If, y) and g (x,y) are defined, bounded and continuous in a region Ri
the (x, y) plane and if the region R may be subdivided into two regions
and Ry, then,
1, The k fx, y) dxdy = k fe fx, ) dx dy
Where kis constant.
Stn x, 9) 8 Gs, 9) day = Ile fC, y) dx dy + She 0% y) axdy
STe x, y) dxdy = SJp, fx, y) dxdy + JJ, x, y) dxdy
2
Suppose thatthe region R is described by the inequalities
Csyx
0
v
os
Sth fox, y) dxdy =
=o) =m
[iigevee |e
ere, the immer integrals frst evaluated with respect to x.
a
he eartesian form,
Wx. 9) dx dy... @
med to polar coordintes (i) becomes
{ip ((¢c0s0, rsind) de 48
gow C6
\'s integrals
ty)
2(%9)
fx,y,2) dedydx
i
. ¥20 and 2>0andx+y-+2<1 then,
Mh, x! y=! 2h" dx dy dz
Fein Ta
Aiwa * {Ia dxdy
Volume = If xyz
1»
Hom Lett= fi Fay Oc +y) dxdy
: tl Fler?) i) Pfc? +ayyayax
Solution: Lett= ff fx
{63>
= for + rae
= ft nw
= 12 Ans
om fs acey
Solution: Lett= f N= x ded
Ce
%
l
64
x2) V2x=x? dx
Pxnx? 1a -
ny zat xe La (Nana? ox
Le (ox-xffa@x—e)+ fiero? x
2 x
a
i eny= fate
1 5 Ans
» f(Mcreyracey
juss Latt= f 0 (x2+y2) dey
{[ S27) Jo
(ee ay ay
6s pled
« fx ena
= forme
feel
fffetayar
Solution: Lett f fet ay ax i
= fete =e
= fxe-n&x
=(e-1) fxax
27
“of
T= 16-1 Ans.
coin, (°° ("7 e7 ax ay
Solution : Let = (°* (99 et+¥ de ay
. f[ free & Jay
= (otter (epty
= fle [eee]
= [Moe -ergy
oat
ape
[verse]
= logs el"
= 8 logs
1 =8logh—16+ 6 Ans
to fF eb + ayex
seimton: Lats f Met +7) 4
- {L157} oJo
ate el vel te!
” ‘ fa? ae y? dy dx.
ne? [FP ay tx
ical fof |aa
eee Er 2
Solution: Let I= (x+y)? dx dy
Here the area of integration A is bounded by the ellipse
y
02 (2-2)iace4 = f(e-»} a
Putx=asind
da cos0 d8
When x -> (0, a) then 0 -> (0 5)
' es ac0s0 d2
(ose? acoso co
at Peos*o.40
ie
2
5.
Thus,
T=[, (x+y? dx dy
[eee
| ce
Evaluate ffry (x + y) dx dy over the area between y = x and
yom (BE 2069 Bhadray
Solution: Let t= lly Gey) dx dy
Here, the area of integration A is bounded by the curve y = x* and y =
Solving these, we get
x=0, x=1 Hence,
T= ff, Gy + xy") dx dy
= -s)9]
PFs «
yex
vatuate fla Yay y? dxdy where R is the triangle with vertices
a (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1, 1)
ms Let =SIn yxy? a dy
‘Here, region of the integration R, i bounded by th
tices (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1,1).
[Lot the gien vertices be 0, A, anc
¢ traingle with
1d B respectively equation of OA is
pn Og
1-8 (x-0)
ot @
4, Evaluate {ix xy dx dy where R is the region bounded by the Equation of OB is
aus, the ordinate x = 2a and the curve x= day. as
Solution: Let =I xy dxdy y-0= 229. (n-0)
Here, the region of the integration, R is bounded by the x-axis and a eee
ordinate x = 2a and the curve x*= day
> Hence, 1=SIn (xy-¥?P dx dy
x-axis which gives x= 0 oy ab
Hoes olny dy {[ rbo-rf ole
;
“tino i
ee
thal
n 6.
cage
pes 24
[B.E. 2063, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Magh]
Solution: Let I = {jp xy dx dy
Here, the region of the integration R is bounded by the area of the
ellipse
2
y= NF (the st qua)
Hence, x is verres from 0 t0 a
and y is veries from 0 to ©.
"“
||
Evaluate fl, xy dx dy. Where R is the region over the area of the
in the first quadrant.
Hone, Hla xy dx dy
vols
t= YO" Ans
8
the region in the first quadrant
16 and the line y= x, y= O and x
Hvauate fy? dx dy where Ris
tuned by the hyperbola x
Wetutions Lot I= fle x° dx dy
Hore, the region of the integration R is bounded by the hyperbola xy
16, and the line y = x, y= 0, and x = 8 in the first quadrant i.
pointive quadrant Hence x yeti from 0104
nul Yeon oe D0 x
Hence, = fax? dx dy
= ff peo] ace fff Ja
= fle ofee (leo F
yf &
= (eats few
8 Evaluate fp y dy dx where R is the region bounded by
x? + 2y' =4 and the ordinate y = 0, y= /2-
Solution: Let I= [ley dy dx
Here, the region ofthe integration is bounded by x! +2y? = 4 and the
ordinate y=0,y= V2
Wow, x? = 4-297
x= 4-2?
Henwe, t= tn y dy dx
| ra]o
. oiee
“fs (Fa
2 fy faa? ay
2 pF (-4y) fea oy
<4 Paar} sam)
aay?
ee ig |
2 [(a-a-(4-0) ] et [o-(#?| 9. Evaluate fy? de d@ over the area bounded between the c Whe region of the integration R is bounded by the aea of the
2cos8 and r= 4 cos cle r= 25 cus above the ntl ine
Solution: Let Jnr? dr do Je fhe? sin@ dr do
Here, the region ofthe integration R is the are bounded betwa ba
circles = sino ae 8
1 =2c0s0 and r= 4 cos0)
paca
Hence, 1= I? de db | ‘aino| eo
6
| f(2acos0)’ sinage
x
Ca Initial Line
Ans.
F valuate the following integrals.
sin(0-+9) a0 a9
ions Lett B Bsin(o+4) a0 34
F (sindcosp +costsing) 8 a
[fame]
= fcostcos¢-sin@sing 4
- [ egout-sngsin-crdnt snag
;
10. Evaluate fhe.
eee feeowecns
8 79 i= £8 Ans
20
Ve estnomnal
{ly PALA over one loop r= a%eos20.
Veber?
Lot = [fxs adr
Vex
the region of the integration R is the bounded by the area over,
cos’ or, r= +a Ve0s20
mila
=~ [eos sing]
=— [cos$-sin 5 -cos0-sin0|
=-(-1-1-0)
2)
1=2 Ans,
(yf fMrarao
sotaion: Lett= fF f°r a]
(Pa
fils areal
1 o
“5 Gin? eae
ee i a
“i [oosnaey fi{ocrrsoay-] 0 ‘
w 2 [xosntt0 , {sean 00
nH
= ans » {i( Vzcose-1) 40
ci ff ftarao
Sotuion: Let = ff f° ]a0
ns {visino-0] 1, Change the order of integration and hence evaluate the sa
© ff e+ninay
Solution:
Lett= [eon]
Here the integration is first integrated with respect to x
horizontal strip. Which varies from x= I to x= J4=y
hextmd—y
‘Those of y-varies from y= 0 to y= 3
‘Changing the order of integration, We first integrated with
‘y along the vertical strip. Which varies from
toy=4~x? and those x varies from
tox=2
bf @x-2x? + 16-812 + xhax
2
eat ee 4]
4 ah
\[-0-Lee-neiea-n-S0-vel2-0]
1 (12-1.416-36431
(2- Goes)
[2g =235400- 36016)
2 30
Af?
1(37)
24l Ans,
bf, fae ay.
bat= fi [sa]
Nove the integration is the fist integrated w:
horizontal strip. Which varies from x= 0 to x=
iptasoy
Those ofy-varies from y=—atoy=a
to x along the
Changing the order of integration we first integrate wrt y along the
ical strip. Which varies from
3 Now,
Solution:
y=—va?—x? toy= va?—x?
‘and those x varies from x =-O tox=a,
Herth region OAB splits up into two acs in int two pars by the
Tine AL the curvedinar OAL ond tangle ABL- :
For the region OAL, x varies from x= Oto x= ay and those for y
varies from y= 0 oy:
For the region ALB, x varies from x= 0 to x= 2a~y and those for y
varies from y= ato
we (e
egnc.?¥ 4 * fg 3% 4
‘van
uit [g*>»|«
Here, the integration is first integrand w.r.t y along the vertic
which varies from
aj
y= Stoy=20-x
i.e. ay x" and those of x varies of x= 0tox=a
‘Changing the order of integration, we first integrate w.r.t x al
horizontal strip and than want y
2a
2p 2.2)
errs a ww
Soluti
‘Now,
uate | Cay Jax
5 [+4]
Her the integration sist inegrand ws :
which varies from y = x to hh et
sndte xv fom t= 0x ©
changing the ocr of integration we fist integrand w
the horizontal sip whieh varie fom ens AEX
X=ytox= wand those y varies omy = Otoy=
Here, the integration is first integrand wert. y along the vertical strip
which varies from y =x 10 y=
iey=2—x
Sy = 2. and: those
x varies from x= Oto x= 1
By changing the order of
integration we fis integrand
eet x along the horizontal
stip and then warty
Here, the region OAB into
splits upto two parts by the
line AL the triangle OAL
and curve linear ABL,
For the region OAL x varies
from x=0to x= y and those
for y varies from y = 0 to
yal
For the region ALB x varies
from x = 0 to x = 2—y? and those for y varies from y= 1 to
yi
=f Kap ae
Shee ona” b+ fn wes ia
[igeee el eS ‘
{ ere er] Sa
(Fe fr
{ (E-a)y ays (°(2-y)o
ey
|(a1 Solution:
Now,
taint eo
Here the integration is first integrated w.rt y along the vertical strip
which varies from y= 0 to y= Vi=x?
igymt-x
ae
and those x varies from x= 0 to x= 1
By changing the order of integration we first integrated w.r.t. x along
the horizontal strip which varies from
Figure
x20tox
and those y varies from
y=0toy
hiate
=f vvi-vay
Paty sin +
dy=cos0d@ Y
When y=0 then @=0
y=1 Then
1 sin an cosean
F sin’e cos? do
2
Lett= foxy dy dx
Here, the integration .
is first integrated wart
y along the vertical
‘trip which varies
from y =a toy = x
and those x varies
from x= atox=b
Changing the order of
integration, we first
imegrated | wart x
along the horizontal
strip which varies
from
x=ytox=b
and those y — varies
from y=atoy=b
From figure
Be-2)4-o]
2) [e-to%+s]
wii ff Foe
vai f [esse |e
90
(BE 2068, Bhadra)
‘ore the integration is first integrated wrt y along the vertical strip
Which yaries from y = 0 to y =x and those x varies from x = 0 to x=
Changing the order of integration, we first integrated w.rt . x along,
{he horizontal strip which varies from
keytoy=a
tid those y varies from y= 0 t0 y=a
y
mt [tase
+ [epiel>
a
“| Bae
-2 fh coy ay
= afsiny
© (sina — sind)
= 2sina
16 2sina (yf fxe Y ayax.
set [te
Here the integration is first integrated w.r.t. y along the vertical st
which varies from
y= 0 toy x and those of x varies from x= 0 t0 x= co
‘Changing the order of integration we first integrated w.rt x along.
horizontal strip which varies from
x=ytox
and those of y varies ftom y = 0 to y= «=
dy | dx
the integration is first w.rt y along the vertical strip, which
‘Cling the order of integration we first integrated w.r.t x along the
jvontal strip and then wat y
Hove, the region OAB into splits upto two parts by the line AL the
Wijangle OAL and curve-linear ABL
Flor the region OAL, x varies from x = 0 to x= and those y varies
fiom y=0 toy = -& For the region ABL, x varies from x = 0 to x=
vy? and those
varies from y
Shep on?"4”%* Shagon anu? -# Yor fe P Py ay
BD
Puty=asin 6
dy=acos® 40
mini e wen eee
when y=a Then @ = 3
0 Va? —2? sin. acosd 40
‘Here, the integration is first integrated w.r.tx which varies from x = y
tox = a.nd those for y varies from y=0 toy =a
To change it into polar coordinates, put x= r cos, y= r sin
x’ + y?= 1? and dx dy =r dr d0 jin given integral
Clearly r varies from r=0tor=r sec® and those @ varies from @=
owe-%
wo-
I= pessoa
~ [irons],
sec0d0
FF [cosor Hore, the integration is first integrand
toy= Va?
ley’
«/ + y'=2? and those x varies from x= 0 to x=a change it into polar
wvordinates x= rcos®, y=rsin@
sey'sr and
ly dx = dr d0 in the given integral
y along the vertical strip.
y
ne
Here, the integration is first integrated wrt y along the vertical
‘which varies from y = 0 y= oo, and those x varies from x = 0
‘To change it into polar co-ordinates put x =rcas® , y=rsinO
2
dy dx = rdr d@ in the given integral. .
Clearly r varies from r= 0 to r= I and those © varies from 0 (Cleary r varies from r= 0 to r= a and those © varies from @ = 0 to & +e0s20 2
4 £ ee £ (1+2.c05 20+ cos? 20) 40
Solution:
wett= § CP (a2 ayA)ay ae
Here, the integration is first integrand wir. y along the vert
toy= Vox-x?
(1+2o0sa0+12s0848 a9
E G+4cos20 +cos40)a0
Sit aime
which varies from y.
iene
y
yax
x aI x
(BE 2067 Mangsir)
; si 1 tect 62 f(s2492) aya
pee Our Here, the integration is first integrand w..ty
eigenen. Sell along the vertical strip which varies from
‘To change it into polar co-ordinates put x =rcos@ and y = Si
x + y*=F and dy dx = rdrd@ in the given integral,
clearly, r varies from r= 0 tor=2 cos@ and those @ varies
or, x' + y= Zax.
‘and those x varies from
To change it into polar co-ordinates
Put x = reos® and y= rsin®
x+y=Pand
tox=2a
Zw
4
98 dy dx = r dr d® in the given integral
‘Clearly r-varies from r= 0 to r= 2a cos® and those 0 varies
=0108
Now.t= B fr2.rdeao
ww 1 ey? ay dx (BE 2070 Magh)
oe"? Pye ty? dy dx
Here, the integrating is first integrated wr. y along the vertical strip
which varies from.
and those of x
varies from x = 0
tox=a,
eh oe +A) axey
Here, the integration is frst integrand w.rt
xaalong the horizontal strip. Which varies from
x=0tox= yay?
To change it into
polar coordinates
i Putx = re0s8
ott yma? and y =n
snd those y vies from = 0toy-= a ety ae and )
“ 4 % dydx = rdrd@ in
To changeit into polar co-ordinates put
x= 10080, y=r sind
Xt y'=r and
dy dx =r dr 49 in the given integra
Clearly r varies fromr=0 tor=a
and @ varies from 8 = 010 0 = ©
the given integral
Clearly, r varies from r=0 to r= a and those 0 varies from.9 = 0 to
Now t= B fr? sin'@.r rdrdo
100 101 a [loe(see$ san) -log(sec0+tan0)]
= F fe site dr ao = Elser «
S bog (V2 +1)
3, 3
a +1) =o
= 2 G(ea28) wo 2° fo * tog (V3 +1)—log t
5 2 10 3
f = © tog(v2 +1)-0 since log 1= 0
1= 3 Ans 3
20 oe
3
city f eset ay
Py
Solution: Lett= ff [| -E dx dy
Rey
Here the integration . aS
is first integrand wrt
xcalong the horizontal
strip which varies ya
fomx=ytox=a
and those y varies
2
1= 5 log (V2 +1) Ans.
( Glows (eae
Here the integration is first integrated w.r-t
yaalong the vertical strip. Which varies from
yn 0toy= V2x-x
from y=Otoy ie, x = x?
x. z x or, x+y =2x
To change it nto and those x varies from x= 0 to x=2
polar co-ordinates ‘To changeit nto polar co-ordinate
Putx="cosO and y= Putx=1 cos and y= sind
+ sind Perey
oxit yar and aSt
dydx =r dr din the given integral
Clearly, varies from r= 0 tora secO and those @ varies from @= 0
won
and dy dx =r dr d0
(Clearly, r varies from
and those 0 varies from ey vee
sotaion Lett= f(A yay ae
Here the integration in frist integrted w.
toy= vi
strip which varies from y
and those x varies from x= 0 to x=1
To change in into polar coordinate
Putx=r cos & y=r sind
aPaxkty
and dy dx =r dr d0
104
ty along the vertical
a
Clearly, r varies from r= 0 to r= 1 and those 0 varies from 0 = 0
ond
Nowt= B fr sin’o.rdr do
= ff sivacrao HY noe vane
afc *oy-xy- sive]
Bios
esa
1, Evaluate ff (7oc+y+2)dx dy dz.
Solution:
Let I= ff [xty+2 dx dy dz
~ £6] Claeys Jaca ogee ae
_: Nia dees
‘dx.
- [frre e1ye Qt Oe? ssteeznoay dx de
= ff [zar2nce2e? Jax ae
= f faxe+224 dx ae
- {[sftees] ae flee s2eyte = faces
-{2 Ie =4p*-o4 <1
Avatate (O° (7
ease ee
(BE 2069 Bhadra)
ee bn “—- ie roi
we x dy
ie ae ae
2 rvatuate (I 7 eddy as = fF [fr meysetaivae
Solution:
Let I= Ce ae aes ae - (pfs Sey sp) KIS:
4 | (FF male te . i ete
; 29 | Gayeee |,
ee ea
[ps] tar el
107 th ‘le ele
. ale ees fener” as
i “Ht ainl «
Seal Eerie ae
“(gd sh)
ieteceaet a ate
Solution:
Laie f ea ea ey
= f ral oct
= ff pi aac
= LEP wfc
= [Pema Jee
ution:
1 fay 3°]
iff. F] dx, a
| xe? ae. A gat
Neerae cles 4
f[ 0-04-58 (sn-"Q)-sin"0} de
fees one= f2s$
