Compressed Air - COMPRESSOR (Only Page 2)
Compressed Air - COMPRESSOR (Only Page 2)
IS
CONDITIONALLY LOANED. THE RECEIPT OF THE DRAWING
AGREES NOT TO REPRODUCE OR COPY IN IT WHOLE OR IN PART
OR FURNISH INFORMATION FROM IT OTHER OR TO MAKE ANY
USE OF IT THAT IS OR MAY BE INJURIOUS TO HVE AND TO RETURN
UPON REQUEST. ALSO THE EQUIPMENT AND DESIGN SHOWN IN
THIS DRAWING ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF HVE.
M CI EL C
Rev. Description DATE
Prepared Reviewed
OWNER
The lubricating oil from the oil tank/sump (110) is sucked through the strainer (111) by the lub oil pump
(112) during operation
Then the pressurized oil enters the oil cooler (113) and gets cooled.
Right quantity is ensured by an orifice (114), filtered in the oil filter (115) and enters LP and HP elements
for the lubrication of bearings and gears through a manifold header (116)
After the lubrication, the hot oil flow back in to the oil tank/sump (110).
Relief valve (117) in the oil line ensures safe operation
Drain Valve (118) provided to drain oil during service
The cooling water for the individual compressors , is fed from the common
inlet cooling water header.
Inside the compressor pack, the cooling water bifurcates in to two different
circuits.
In one circuit , the water enter the intercooler(104) to remove the heat from the compressed air.
In the second circuit , the water enter the oil cooler(113) first to remove the
heat from the hot oil , then HP(106) and LP(103) element cooling water jackets
to equalise the temperature of the element stages.
For draining the moisture from the mist moisture separator (119)
B] OPERATION & CONTROL OF AIR COMPRESSOR [ INDIVIDUAL ]
HMI
POWER ON F1 F2 F3 F3 LOADING
[ Fig 1]
To facilitate programming and controlling the compressor, menu driven programmes are
in the PLC
MAIN SCREEN: Shows in short the operation status of the compressor. It is the gateway
to all functions.
It give also information about auto / manual mode operation
Whether the compressor is in local / remote control operation
The Compressor is selected to Auto mode through Selector Switch SS1A in the compressor control panel
and the HMI Indicates the mode as Auto.
Once the compressor start running on load , depending upon the air consumption , the
discharge air pressure shall build up .
As soon as the discharge air pressure reaches the unloading pressure
[set point – upper band] the compressor shall unload automatically
The compressor runs in unloaded condition, till the air net pressure fall and reaches the reload pressure
[set point – lower band].
At the net pressure falling to a level of the reload pressure, the compressor once again automatically shall
start running in loaded condition and the above narrated cycle repeat itself depending on the air net
pressure.
This is the automatic operation of the compressor, since depending on the trend of air
net pressure [based on air consumption], the compressor automatically switches itself
to load or unload mode of operation.
CAPACITY CONTROL
NH Capacity control system provides ON Line/ OFF line control with blowing-off discharge
p r e s s u r e t o a t m o s p h e r e a t p a r t l o a d o r n o l o a d c o n d i t i o n . It i s n o t a m o d u l a t i o n c o n t r o l .
When the air requirement by the plant reduces or stops, the air line pressure increases and
when it reaches the upper set point of the unload pressure will be set through the HMI, the
system unloads the unit. When the air line pressure drops to the lower set point of the
unloaded pressure, the system reloads the unit. The unload pressure Transmitter is
connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the aftercooler.
S t a n d a r d f a c t o r y s e t t i n g f o r c a p a c i t y c o n t r o l a n d st a r t i n g u n l o a d i s a s f o l l o w s .
AT STARTING
The starting automatically works as follows. The suction butterfly valve is closed while the unit stops. The 4-way
solenoid valve is de-energized for a while after the START button is pushed.
The operating oil flows in the following direction.
P A B R
The operating oil is supplied from the oil hole 1 and delivered to oil hole 2
Then the suction butterfly valve is kept closed to reduce the starting load.
C.2.1] UNLOADING
When the air volume required by the plant reduces and the discharge air line pressure reaches the upper set point
the discharge Pressure Transmitter senses the discharge air pressure and during unload the solenoid valve in the
control circuit directs oil flow to the capacity control Valve to closes the butterfly valve (102) and the operating oil
flows in the following direction.
P A B R
The operating oil is supplied from the oil hole 1 and delivered to oil hole 2
Then the suction butterfly valve is closed to throttle the inlet air flow to the Airend. At the same time the
compressed air in the discharge air line is released to atmosphere through the blow-off silencer, so the idling
power is reduced.
C.2.2] LOADING
When the discharge air line pressure drops to the lower set point of unloaded pressure, the PLC gets this input
from the discharge air pressure Transmitter and the PLC output energizes the 4-way solenoid valve and the
operating oil flows in the following direction.
P B A R
The operating oil is supplied from the oil whole 2 and delivered to oil whole 1.
Then the suction butterfly valve is opened completely and the unit comes to load condition.
AT STOPPING
When the unit is stopped, the direction of operating oil flows is changed to the same as the one of unloading. So
the unit stops in the unload condition.
RECEIVER CAPACITY
This control system should not be in the unload condition frequently.
Be particularly careful when the compressor has only a small volume discharge line.
Therefore the receiver capacity (required volume on the discharge line), which determines the switching between
load and unload operations, must be carefully calculated as follows:
Thus the receiver capacity (including discharge piping capacity) is approximately 5 m³.
C.2.3] Regulation:
The PLC maintains the air net pressure between programmable limits by automatically loading & unloading
the compressor. A number of programmable settings like unloading pressure , loading pressure , load
delay , pressure band selection , Control mode selection , Auto restart etc. are parameters which are
programmable in the PLC . The PLC stops the compressor when the compressor runs for a predetermined
[programmable] time period in unload mode. This reduces the power consumption and restarts it
automatically when the air net pressure decreases. In case the expected stop period is too short, then the
Following service warning information shall automatically appear on the LCD screen of the
Replace air filter [ Time based ]
Replace oil filter [ Time based ]
Oil change required [ Time based ]
Main motor regreasing required [ Time based ]
These information’s are a function of time and differential pressure settings.
Depending on the time the PLC panel will pop this information so that the operator can notice this service
intervention required and accordingly plan for these routine maintenance requirement. Once the required
maintenance activities are attended, the operator can reset these warnings.
D] Manual Operation
The compressor can be unloaded manually by turning the selector switch to the unload side on the
compressor panel at any point in time. The compressor can be put on load by selecting the knob back to
auto load / unload.
Press Stop button. This stop mode is called programmed stop and the Compressor
automatically goes into unload condition. Compressor runs in unloaded condition for a
pre determined time period as per the compressor logic. After this unloads, running
the stop command shall be executed.
Press the mushroom type, Emergency STOP button. The pop up menu in HMI panel display the same. The
stop command shall get executed instantaneously due to emergency in nature [unlike a programmed stop
command wherein the compressor unload first and run in unload mode for a predetermined time period as
per logic before stopping]. But one must unlock the emergency stop button by turning it anticlockwise
after correcting the fault condition or emergency condition before attempting for restart.
E.3] Trip
In case of any parameters exceeding the shut down limits, as provided as per the P & I diagram of
compressor, the block relay contact in the control panel opens and
the compressor trip.
After a Trip occurs, cause for the trip with a remedy has to be arrived before restarting the compressor.
Before restarting, after the rectification of the fault, the fault responsible for the trip needs to be reset.
Compressor will not restart within a programmed time of 20 sec [Due to number of motor starts per hour /
Minimum stop period].
Individual PLC in each compressor can be programmed to achieve starting any one compressor when the pressure
goes low and the pressures can be adjusted to achieve a differential pressure of 0.5kg/cm2 between the load and
unload band.
The operator can program two different pressure bands in two compressors
Example:
Compressor 1:
Minimum pressure: 7.8 bar
Maximum pressure: 8.2 bar
Compressor 2:
Start-up
Keep the pressure band as above for the compressor. Start compressor No.1 and the compressor would try to
achieve the desired pressure to the set value and would follow the load and unload mode within 0.5kg/cm2 band.
Pressure drop in the system would start the second compressor and achieve set
pressure. Second compressor will start based on the duration of drop in the pressure.
Please note that the second compressor will start at the minimum pressure set, which basically would be the
pressure at with it would have no effect on production.
Before starting:
1. When power ON the HMI screen on each compressor will have the following display
F4 function would take to the next page of machine setting (2nd screen)
F4 function would take to the next page of machine setting (3rd screen)
Factory Setting cannot be changed by the client as it would jeopardize the safety aspect
All the set pressures can be re-checked by scrolling the main menu and the Home page
Starting:
Push the start button on the compressor panel
The main menu would change from
During Operation:
The Discharge pressure would rise to the set pressure and would follow the load and unload pressure band
of operation
Stopping
To stop compressor, press the stop knob on the control panel
A.1] Details of parameters which are transferred to common PLC from individual compressor,
dryer & receiver can be transferred to DDCMIC and through Internet to distance Places for
Monitoring.
ALARM
TSH 02 – HP Element Outlet High - Alarm
TSH 03 – HP Element Inlet High – Alarm
TSH 08 – Oil Temperature High - Alarm
PSH 01 - Compressor Outlet Pressure High - Alarm
PSL 07 - Low Oil Pressure – Alarm
PSL 04 – Low Interstage Pressure - Alarm
PSL 09 – Low water pressure - Alarm
DPSH 11 – Differential Pressure Oil Filter – Alarm
TRIP/ SHUTDOWN
TSHH 02 – HP Element Outlet High-High - Trip
TSHH 03 – HP Element Inlet High-High - Trip
TSHH 08 – High Oil Temperature High – High - Trip
TSH 05 – LP Element Outlet Air Temperature High – High - Trip
PSHH 01 – High Compressor Outlet Pressure High – High - Trip
PSLL 04 – Interstage Pressure Low – Low - Trip
PSLL 07 - Oil Pressure Low – Low - Trip
PSLL 09 – Water Pressure Low-Low - Trip
PSH 06 – Inter Stage Pressure High - Trip
PSH 10 – Blow of Pressure High - Trip
Start Permissive
All parameters – Not High and Not Low
Safety Interlocks
Lube Oil Pressure LOW - Pre Alarm & Trip.
Lube Oil Temperature HIGH - Pre Alarm & Trip.
LP outlet air temp.HIGH - Trip.
Intercooler air temp. HIGH - Pre Alarm & Trip
HP outlet air temp. HIGH - Pre Alarm & Trip