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Titre : TTNL302 - Mur infini soumis à un flux constant ave[...] Date : 01/02/2011 Page : 1/14
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TTNL302 - Infinite wall subjected to a constant flow

with variable properties

Summary:

This test is resulting from the validation independent of version 3 in nonlinear transitory thermics.

It is about a linear problem 1D represented by five modelings, one planes, four the other voluminal ones.

The features tested are the following ones:

• element of thermal plan,
• voluminal element of thermics,
• algorithm of transitory thermics non-linear,
• variable properties,
• limiting condition: imposed flow.

The interest of the test lies in the taking into account of variable properties (thermal conductivity and voluminal
heat).

The results are compared with an analytical solution.

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Titre : TTNL302 - Mur infini soumis à un flux constant ave[...] Date : 01/02/2011 Page : 2/14
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1 Problem of reference
1.1 Geometry
  y 
 
D  C 

q  E  x 
 
A  B 
L  

   ,  c 
q   (W/m²) 
 
L = 2 m   
AE=EB= 1m  1,5 

1 
1 

t(s)  T(°C) 

1 

1.2 Properties of material

=1.00.5 T W /m.° C Thermal conductivity
 c=1.00.5 T J /m3. ° C Voluminal heat

1.3 Boundary conditions and loadings

• dimensioned [ AD ] : imposed flow q=1 W / m2 for t0 ,
• dimensioned [ AB] , [ BC] , [CD ] =0.

1.4 Initial conditions

T  x ,0=0° C for all x

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Titre : TTNL302 - Mur infini soumis à un flux constant ave[...] Date : 01/02/2011 Page : 3/14
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2 Reference solution
2.1 Method of calculating used for the reference solution
Semi-analytical solution utilizing functions of error:

T  x , t=2
{[ 12  t / exp  
−x 2
4t
 x.erfc
x
 ]
2  t
−1
}
2 ∞ −t 2

with erfc  x = ∫ e dt
 x
where x= X-coordinate
t= time

This formula is valid only for T = cT =1.0.5T

2.2 Results of reference

Temperature at the points A ( x=0 ) and E ( x=1 ) at the moments t following:
t=0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 ,0.7 and 1s

2.3 Uncertainty on the solution

Unknown factor, due to the evaluation of the functions of error.

2.4 References bibli ographic

• Segal, NR. Praagman, “with fast implementation of explicit time stepping algorithms with the finite
element method for have class of nonlinear evolution problems”, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, flight
23, pp 155-168, 1986.

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Titre : TTNL302 - Mur infini soumis à un flux constant ave[...] Date : 01/02/2011 Page : 4/14
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3 Modeling A
3.1 Characteristics of modeling
PLAN (QUAD9)
  y 

D  F  C 

0.1 m 
m20  m11  m10   m1  x 

A  E  B 
1. m 
2.m 

Conditions limites:  Point  x  y  Noeud 

  A  0.0  0.0  N1 
­ cotés AB, BC, CD           =   0  D  0.0  0.1  N3 
­ coté   AD     q=   1 W/m²°C  E  1.0  0.0  N61 
  F  1.0  0.1  N63 
 

3.2 Characteristics of the grid

Many nodes: 123
Many meshs and types: 20 QUAD9

3.3 Remarks
The discretization in step of time is the following one:
10 pas for [0. , 5.D−2] that is to say  t=5.D−3
19 pas for [5.D−2 , 1.D0] that is to say  t=5.D
−2

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Titre : TTNL302 - Mur infini soumis à un flux constant ave[...] Date : 01/02/2011 Page : 5/14
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4 Results of modeling A
4.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster % difference tolerance
Temperature ° C
Node N1 t=0.1s 0,330 0,329  0,204% 1%
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0,544  0,048% 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0,681  0,075% 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0,789  0,036% 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0,920 0,254% 1%
Node N3 t=0.1s 0,330 0,329  0,204% 1%
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0,544  0,048% 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0,681  0,075% 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0,789  0,036% 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0,920 0,254% 1%

Node N61 t=0.1s 0,004 0,004 1,161% 1%

“ “ T = 0.3s 0,071 0,071  0,377% 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0,161 0,573% 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0,251 1,616% 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0,380 3,951% 1%
Node N63 t=0.1s 0,004 0,004 1,161% 1%
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,071 0,071  0,377% 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0,161 0,573% 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0,251 1,616% 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0,380 3,951% 1%

4.2 Remarks
The relative error is to the maximum of 3.9%.

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5 Modeling B
5.1 Characteristics of modeling
3D (HEXA20)
  z 
y  Noeuds
H  N121  0.1 m 
Noeuds 0.1 m 
N1  N126  G 
D 
N8  C 
E  F  x 

A  B 
1 m 

Conditions limites: 
  Noeuds  x  y  z 
­ faces ABCD, ABFE            =   0  N1  0.0  0.0  0.05   
­ faces EFGH, DCGH           =   0  N8  0.0  0.1  ­0.05 
­ face   BFGC         =   0  N121  1.0  0.0  ­0.05 
­ face   AEHD       q=   1 W/m²  N126  1.0  0.1  0.05 
   

5.2 Characteristics of the grid

Many nodes: 248
Many meshs and types: 20 HEXA20

5.3 Remarks
The discretization in step of time is the following one:
10 pas for [0. , 5.D−2] that is to say  t=5.D−3
19 pas for [5.D−2 , 1.D0] that is to say  t=5.D
−2

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6 Results of modeling B
6.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster % difference tolerance
Temperature ° C
Node N1 T = 0.1 S 0,330 0,330  0,129 1%
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0,543  0,149 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0,681  0,154 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0,788  0,092 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0,920 0,222 1%
Node N8 T = 0.1s 0,330 0,330  0,129 1%
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0,543  0,149 1%
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0,681  0,154 1%
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0,788  0,092 1%
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0,920 0,222 1%

Node N121 T = 0.1s 0,004 0,004 10,931 1%

“ “ T= 0.3s 0,071 0,071  0,242 1%
“ “ T= 0.5s 0,160 0,161 0,587 1%
“ “ T= 0.7s 0,247 0,251 1,619 1%
“ “ T= 1.0s 0,366 0,380 3.95 1%
Node N126 T = 0.1s 0,004 0,004 10,931 1%
“ “ T= 0.3s 0,071 0,071  0,242 1%
“ “ T= 0.5s 0,160 0,161 0,587 1%
“ “ T= 0.7s 0,247 0,251 1,619 1%
“ “ T= 1.0s 0,366 0,380 3.95 1%

6.2 Remarks
The relative error is to the maximum of 3.95%, except for x=1 at the moment t=0.1s the error is
of 11%. This error was obtained for the smallest value of the temperature ( T =0.004 ° C ). This
variation is explained by the fact why the function of error in this point is of 0.025347 and that
uncertainty on the calculation of the function of error is unknown.

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7 Modeling C
7.1 Characteristics of modeling
3D (TETRA4)
x 
G C
Axe longitudinal x suivant la trisectrice (X=Y=Z)

Conditions limites:
B 
- faces ABCD, ABFE  = 0 0.2 m 
- faces EFGH, DCGH  = 0
- face BFGC  = 0
Z 
- face AEHD q = 1 W/m²
0.2 m 
Z  Z 

Y 
N1 N6 N8 N103 N106
x = 1.
D H N105
N3 N4 N9
N108
N2 N5 N7 N104 N107
X  Y  X  Y  H D
A E X 
Section x = 0.  Section x = 1. 
E  A 

7.2 Characteristics of the grid

Many nodes: 224
Many meshs and types: 692 TETRA4 (and 8 TRIA3)

7.3 Remarks
The discretization in step of time is the following one:
10 pas for [0. , 5.D−2] that is to say  t=5.D−3
19 pas for [5.D−2 , 1.D0] that is to say  t=5.D
−2

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8 Results of modeling C
8.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster Relative variation (%) Absolute deviation (°C)
difference tolerance difference tolerance
Temperatures in ° C :
Face X = 0.m
Node N7 T = 0.1s 0,330 0.3295  0,162% 1.%  0.000536 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0.5425  0,273% 1.%  0.00149 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0.6796  0,351% 1.%  0.00239 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0.7861  0,362% 1.%  0.00285 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0.9165  0,159% 1.%  0.00146 0,005
Node N5 T = 0.1s 0,330 0.3279  0,627% 1.%  0.00207 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0.5418  0,406% 1.%  0.00221 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0.6791  0,422% 1.%  0.00288 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0.7858  0,409% 1.%  0.00323 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0.9162  0,192% 1.%  0.00176 0,005

Section X = 1.m
Node N107 T = 0.1s 0.00394 0.004140 5,085% 1.% 0.000200 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0.0706 0.07013  0,665% 1.%  0.000470 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0.1596  0,228% 1.%  0.000364 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0.2488 0,730% 1.% 0.00180 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0.3766 2,889% 1.% 0.0106 0,005
Node N108 T = 0.1s 0.00394 0.004002 1,577% 1.%  0.0000621 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0.0706 0.06937  1,742% 1.%  0.00123 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0.1586  0,895% 1.%  0.00143 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0.2476 0,238% 1.% 0.000587 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0.3753 2,534% 1.% 0.00928 0,005

8.2 Remarks
The selected nodes correspond to the extreme results on the same section.

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9 Modeling D
9.1 Characteristics of modeling
3D (TETRA10)
Z  Axe longitudinal x suivant la trisectrice (X=Y=Z)
N4 N7 N12 N16 N25
D H Conditions limites: x 
G C
N1 N9 N15 N17 N23
- faces ABCD, ABFE  = 0
N2 N10 N13 N20 N22
- faces EFGH, DCGH  = 0
- face BFGC  = 0 B 
N3 N6 N14 N18 N21
- face AEHD q = 1 W/m²
X  N5 N8 N11 N19 N24 Y 
A E Z  0.2 m 
Section x = 0. 
Z 

N601 N605 N611 0.2 m 

Y 
N602 x = 1. 
N603
N599 N606 N610
N607
N608 H D
X  N600 Y 
X 
N604 N609

Section x = 1  E  A 

9.2 Characteristics of the grid

Many nodes: 1310
Many meshs and types: 697 TETRA10 (and 8 TRIA6)

9.3 Remarks
The discretization in step of time is the following one:
10 pas for [0. , 5.D−2] that is to say  t=5.D−3
19 pas for [5.D−2 , 1.D0] that is to say  t=5.D
−2

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10 Results of modeling D
10.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster Relative variation (%) Absolute deviation (°C)
difference tolerance difference tolerance
Temperatures in ° C :
Face X = 0.m
Node N4 T = 0.1s 0,330 0.3291  0,281% 1.%  0.000926 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0.5423  0,318% 1.%  0.00173 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0.6794  0,383% 1.%  0.00261 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0.7860  0,384% 1.%  0.00303 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0.9164  0,180% 1.%  0.00165 0,005
Node N25 T = 0.1s 0,330 0.3292  0,255% 1.%  0.000843 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0.5423  0,314% 1.%  0.00171 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0.6794  0,382% 1.%  0.00261 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0.7860  0,383% 1.%  0.00303 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0.9163  0,180% 1.%  0.00165 0,005

Section X = 1.m
Node N606 T = 0.1s 0.00394 0.004331 9,913% 1.% 0.000391 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0.0706 0.07021  0,551% 1.%  0.000389 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0.1596  0,251% 1.%  0.000402 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0.2488 0,710% 1.% 0.00175 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0.3764 2,855% 1.% 0.0104 0,005
Node N611 T = 0.1s 0.00394 0.004332 9,944% 1.% 0.000392 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0.0706 0.07021  0,550% 1.%  0.000388 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0.1596  0,251% 1.%  0.000402 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0.2488 0,710% 1.% 0.00175 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0.3764 2,855% 1.% 0.0104 0,005

10.2 Remarks
The calculated results are almost identical on the nodes of the same section.

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11 Modeling E
11.1 Characteristics of modeling
3D (HEXA27)
Axe longitudinal x suivant la trisectrice (X=Y=Z)  x 
G C
 
Conditions limites:  B 
 
­ faces ABCD, ABFE     =   0 
­ faces EFGH, DCGH      =   0  0.1 m 
­ face   BFGC       =   0 
­ face   AEHD       q  =   1 W/m²  Z  0.1 m 

Z  Z 
x = 1.
Y 
N3 N85 N2 N43 N165 N42
D H
N86 N249 N88 N166 N308 N168

N4 N87 N1 N44 N167 N41

X  Y  X  Y 
A E H D
X 
Section x = 0.  Section x = 1. 
E  A 

11.2 Characteristics of the grid

Many nodes: 369
Many meshs and types: 20 HEXA27 (and 1 QUAD9)

11.3 Remarks
The discretization in step of time is the following one:
10 pas for [0. , 5.D−2] that is to say  t=5.D−3
19 pas for [5.D−2 , 1.D0] that is to say  t=5.D−2

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12 Results of modeling E
12.1 Values tested
Identification Reference Aster Relative variation (%) Absolute deviation (°C)
difference tolerance difference tolerance
Temperatures in ° C :
Face X = 0.m
Node N249 T = 0.1s 0,330 0.3291  0,283% 1.%  0.000933 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0,544 0.5423  0,317% 1.%  0.00173 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,682 0.6794  0,376% 1.%  0.00256 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,789 0.7860  0,378% 1.%  0.00298 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,918 0.9165  0,168% 1.%  0.00154 0,005

Section X = 1.m
Node N308 T = 0.1s 0.00394 0.004331 9,926% 1.% 0.000391 0,005
“ “ T = 0.3s 0.0706 0.07021  0,554% 1.%  0.000391 0,005
“ “ T = 0.5s 0,160 0.1596  0,227% 1.%  0.000363 0,005
“ “ T = 0.7s 0,247 0.2488 0,726% 1.% 0.00179 0,005
“ “ T = 1.0s 0,366 0.3766 2,886% 1.% 0.0106 0,005

12.2 Remarks
The calculated results are identical (to 10 – 7 near) on the nodes of the same section.

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b3a9e9f2a5b8

13 Summary of the results

Five modelings carried out, have same cutting in the direction of propagation of the temperature, they
are different only by their type of meshs.

Five modelings give results whose certain values exceed the tolerance fixed initially (1%). The
maximum change is of 9.9%. It appears for the smallest value of reference located in the middle of
the wall and at the beginning of the transient.

A grid finer associate with a finer temporal discretization should improve quality of the results.

Moreover, the reference solution utilizes a function of error whose precision is unknown.

The results are regarded as acceptable taking into account the points evoked above.

This test made it possible to test hexahedral and tetrahedral meshs in transitory non-linear thermics
as well as the principal following thermal orders:
• DEFI_MATERIAU associated with the keyword THER_NL, allowing to define the characteristics of
a material whose characteristics vary according to the temperature (conductivity and enthalpy),
• THER_NON_LINE order allowing the resolution of a stationary thermal nonlinear problem or not.

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