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Group 3 Assignment 3

This document contains information about a group project in a Chemical and Process Engineering master's programme. It lists the names and student numbers of 5 group members. It also contains details of a mass balance calculation for a chemical process involving the neutralization of hydrogen chloride with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. The mass flows of reactants and products are calculated. The fraction of solution sent to a makeup tank is determined to be 16.3%. The mass of sodium hydroxide required per batch and the required size of the tank are also calculated.

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36 views

Group 3 Assignment 3

This document contains information about a group project in a Chemical and Process Engineering master's programme. It lists the names and student numbers of 5 group members. It also contains details of a mass balance calculation for a chemical process involving the neutralization of hydrogen chloride with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. The mass flows of reactants and products are calculated. The fraction of solution sent to a makeup tank is determined to be 16.3%. The mass of sodium hydroxide required per batch and the required size of the tank are also calculated.

Uploaded by

shepherd adam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Engineering

Department of Chemical Engineering


Programme: Master of Engineering in Chemical and Process
Engineering
Module: Chemical & Environmental Process Engineering
TCE 6201

Group (III) Members


Student Name Surname Student Number
SHEPHERD MUBAIWA N01911496R
TSITSI MUDOTI N01911501W
CHENAI MUHEZWA N01911511X
SIBONGILE MOYO N01911503C
PARDON C MUNGWARI N01911506L

ENG S. Ncube
a.

b. Hydrogen chloride is highly soluble in aqueous solution and is a strong pH reducer. It is


neutralised to minimize the difficulty in treating waste.
c.

HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq) --------> NaCl (aq) + H2O


CO2 + 2NaOH ---------------> Na2CO3 + H2Oces
The flow is part of PVC chlorination through suspension polymerization.
Mass balances
The unknown values are assumed from a typical chemical reaction.

0.10ṁ1 (3416.5) (.0397) kgHCl Kmol HCl Kmol NaOH 40kg NaOH
= h 36.45 kg HCl Kmol HCl Kmol NaOH

+ 2.26kg CO2 Kmol CO2 2kmol NaOH 40kg NaOH


h 44kg CO2 Kmol CO2 Kmol NaOH

ṁ1 = 1342kg soln
hr

ṁ2 =
(3416.5) (.0397) kgHCl Kmol HCl Kmol NaOH 40kg NaOH + 1342(x1a)
h 36.45 kg HCl Kmol HCl Kmol NaOH
ṁ2 = (190.1 + 1342(x1a)) kg NaCl/h

ṁ3 =
2.26kg CO2 Kmol CO2 2kmol Na2CO3 106 kg Na2CO3 + 1342(x1b)
h 44kg CO2 Kmol CO2 Kmol NaCl

ṁ3 = (5.444 + 1342(x1b)) kg Na2CO3 /h

ṁ4 = 1342.5(.965) + 1342(.9- x1a - x1a)


ṁ4 = (4505 – 1342(x1a + x1b)) kg H2O/h
ṁ5 = ṁ2 + 2700.5(0.0011) ***substituting for ṁ2
ṁ5 = (193.1 + 1342(x1a)) kg NaCl/h
ṁ6 = ṁ4 + 2700.5 + (0.999) *** substituting for ṁ4
ṁ6 = (7203 -1342(x1a + x1b)) kg H2O/h

Balances around the makeup tank:


4 unknowns (x1a, x1b, r, ṁ7)
4 balances (NaOH, NaCl, Na2CO3, H2O)
NaOH balance: ṁ7 = 1342(.10), ṁ7 = 134.2 kg NaOH(s)/h
1. NaCl balance:
rṁ5 = 1342(x1a)
r(193.1 + 1342(x1a))= 1342(x1a)
2. Na2CO3 balance:
rṁ3 = 1342(x1b)
r(5.444 + 1342(x1b))= 1342(x1b)
3. H2O balance:
rṁ6 = 1342(.9- x1a - x1a)
r(7203 -1342(x1a + x1b)) = 1342(.9- x1a - x1a)
1, x1a = 193.1r
1342(1-r)

2, x1b = 5.444r
1342(1-r)

3, r 7203 - 193r - 5.44r = 1208 - [197.1r/(1-r)] – [5.44r/(1-r)]


(1-r) (1-r)

r[7203 -7 203r - 193.1r - 5.44r] = 1208 - r(1208 + 193.1 5.44)


r(7203-7402r) = 1208 – r (1407)
7402r2 – 8610r + 1208 = 0
r2 – 1.163r + .1632 = 0
r = 0.163 x1a = 0.281 x1b = 0.0079
ṁ2 = (190.1 + 1342(0.0281)) = 227.8 kg NaCl/h
ṁ3 = (5.444 + 1342(0.00079)) = 6.504 kg Na2CO3/h
ṁ4 = (4505 – 1342(0.0281 + 0.0079)) = 4466.2 kg H2O/h
Total mass flow rate leaving neutralizer = ṁ2 + ṁ3 + ṁ4
= 4700.5 kg/h soln
0.048 kg NaCl/kg
0.0014 Kg Na2CO3/kg
0.950 kg H2O/kg

Fraction of combined salt solution sent to makeup tank


ṁ5 = (193.1 + 1342(x1a)) = 230.8 kg NaCl/h
ṁ6 = (7203 -1342(x1a + x1b)) = 7164 kg H2O/h
ṁ3 = 6.504 kg Na2CO3/h (from above)
Total = ṁ5 + ṁ6 + ṁ3 = 7401 kg soln/h
rṁ5 = 0.163(230.8) = 37.62 kg NaCl/h to makeup tank
rṁ3 = 0.163(6.504) = 1.06 kg Na2CO3/h to makeup tank
rṁ6 = 0.163(7164) = 1167.7 kg H2O/h to makeup tank
Total to makeup tank = rṁ5 + rṁ3 + rṁ6 = 12061206.4 kg soln/hr
1206. = 0.163 fraction of combined salt solution sent to the
4 makeup tank
7401

d.
i Mass of solid NaOH(kg) required per batch of solution prepared in the tank
1 shift = eight hours of waste liquor neutralizer operation
1 batch contains 8(134 kg NaOH/h) = 1074 kg NaOH batch
ii. The required tank size if the specific gravity of the exiting solution is 1.11
mass of the material entering the tank/batch
193.1 + 1342(0.0281) + 5.444+1342(0.00079 + 7203-1342(0.0281+0.00079)
)
ṁ5 ṁ3 ṁ6
8(0.163).

+ 1074 ≈ 10 730 kg/batch x 1L/1.11kg


≈ 9 666batch/L
Batch occupying 60% of the total tank volume;
9 666 (1/0.6) = 16 110 L
≈ 16 0000 Litres

References
R M. Felder, R W. Rousseau. (2005) Elementary Principles Of Chemical Processes 3rd Ed,
John Wiley & Sons, United States of America, Pages 581-591.

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