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Lecture Note 3 PDF

The document discusses shear force and bending moment diagrams. It explains that applied loads create internal shear forces and bending moments that vary along a beam. Shear force and bending moment diagrams graphically represent these variations and are used by engineers to determine maximum loads and reinforcement requirements. Standard diagrams are presented for cantilever beams and simply supported beams under various load types like point loads, uniform loads, and varying loads. The procedure for constructing these diagrams by calculating shear forces and bending moments at sections along the beam and plotting the results is also outlined.

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DrRoja A R
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views

Lecture Note 3 PDF

The document discusses shear force and bending moment diagrams. It explains that applied loads create internal shear forces and bending moments that vary along a beam. Shear force and bending moment diagrams graphically represent these variations and are used by engineers to determine maximum loads and reinforcement requirements. Standard diagrams are presented for cantilever beams and simply supported beams under various load types like point loads, uniform loads, and varying loads. The procedure for constructing these diagrams by calculating shear forces and bending moments at sections along the beam and plotting the results is also outlined.

Uploaded by

DrRoja A R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING

MOMENT DIAGRAMS
Applied load develops internal shear force and bending moments
This varies from point to point along the axis of the beam.
In designing a beam, we need to determine the maximum shear and bending moment in the
beam.
One way is to express V and M as function of the arbitrary position ‘x’ along the beams axis.
Shear and moment functions can then be plotted and represented as graphs called shear and
bending moment diagrams.
Maximum values of shear and Bending moments can then be obtained from these graphs.
Graphs shows the variation of shear and bending moment along the beams axis

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 42


SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAMS
These graphs are used by engineers to decide where to place reinforcement materials within the
beam
How to portion size of Beams at various Points along its length.
A diagram in which shear force is represented in ordinate and the abscissa represents the
position of the section is called Shear Force Diagram (SFD).
The diagram in which the ordinate represent bending moment the abscissa represent the position
of the section is called Bending Moment Diagram (BMD).

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INFORMATION'S FROM SHEAR FORCE
AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS
1. Shear force and Bending moment values at all salient points. Points in beam with maximum
and minimum values
2. Nature of variation of SF and BM between the loads
3. Location of point of Contra-flexure, i.e. the point where moment changes its sign (BM=Zero)

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SF AND BM DIAGRAMS FOR
STANDARD CASES
1. A Cantilever beam subjected to,
1. a concentrated load at free end
2. a concentrated load at any point in beam
3. UDL over entire Span
4. UVL over entire Span
5. A combination of above cases

2. A simply supported beam subjected to


1. a concentrated load
2. UDL over the entire span
3. UVL over entire span
4. External moment
5. Combination of above cases

3. Over hanging beam subjected to


1. Point or concentrated Load
2. UDL

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 45


PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTING
SF AND BM DIAGRAM
Determine all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam, resolve all forces into
components acting perpendicular and parallel (Horizontal and Vertical) to the beams axis
Consider any section ‘x-x’ at a distance ‘x’ from a fixed point in a beam. In case of simply
supported beam, x from one support and in case of a cantilever x from free end.
Write down the shearing force equation and bending moment equation at the considered section
‘x-x’ in terms of ‘x’ i.e. shear force (Fx) and bending moment (Mx)
Allocate various values of x and in the equation and calculate the shearing force and bending
moment at various points of beam.
Plot SFD and BMD as different diagram with length of the beam as abscissa and calculated SF
and BM as the ordinates on some suitable scale against their respective points keeping in mind
the positive and negative values.
Positive values are plotted above the line and negative values are plotted below the line.

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PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTING
SF AND BM DIAGRAM
Join the points by
Striaght line if shear force (Fx or Vx) and Bending moment Mx is a function of x (First
degree)
Smooth Curve (Curve vary based on the degree of Fx and Mx)

Generally it is convenient to show the shear and moment diagrams


directly below the free body diagram of the beam.
The point where the Bending Moment is zero or changes its sign is
called point of contraflexture or Point of inflection.

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 47


IMPORTANT POINTS FOR
DRAWING SFD AND BMD
1. For Drawing Shear Force Diagram
a) If a point load acts vertically, the SFD will increase or decrease suddenly by
a vertical straight line perpendicular to the base line.
b) If the load is not acting between two cross sections, the SF will constant and
SFD will be horizontal line, parallel to the base line.
c) If UDL is acting on beam, the SFD will be sloping straight line.
d) If UVL is acting on beam, SFD will be parabolic curve
e) If a cantilever beam, SF will be maximum at fixed end
f) In a simply supported beam the SF will be maximum value at the support.

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IMPORTANT POINTS FOR
DRAWING SFD AND BMD
1. For Drawing Bending Moment Diagram
a) BM at the free end of the cantilever and at the
two ends of supports of simply supported
beam is zero.
b) BMD in a region between two point loads will
be a sloping straight line
c) BMD for UDL will be Parabolic curve
d) BMD for UVL will be a cubic curve

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 49


Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram For a
Cantilever With a Point Load at the Free End
Consider a cantilever beam AB of length ‘L’, fixed at A and carrying a
point load W, at the free end ‘B’.
Take a section x-x at distance ‘𝑥’ from free end
** “In case of cantilever beam consider the section from the free
Shear Force
Consider right portion of the section
Shear force
Shear Force SFx=+ W (The resultant force acting on the right portion at
the section ‘x’ is W acting downwards)
Shear force will be constant at all section of the cantilever between A
and B as there is no other load between A and B

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Cantilever With a Point Load at the Free End
Consider a Section ‘YY’ outside the beam
SFxx= +RA -W = 0 (RA=W)
**At B If a point load acts vertically, the SFD will increase or decrease suddenly by a
vertical straight line perpendicular to the base line.
**If the load is not acting between two cross sections, the SF will constant and SFD will
be horizontal line, parallel to the base line.
Bending Moment
Bending Moment at the section x-x
BMx= - W 𝑥 (Moment on the right portion of the section is clockwise so BMD is
negative)
At B, BMB = 0
At A, 𝑥=𝑙
BMA= -W. 𝑙

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 51


Cantilever with Uniformly Distributed Load
 Consider a UDL of ‘w’ per unit length acting over
the entire length of the cantilever
Consider a section ‘x-x’ at a distance from B
Consider the right portion of the section
Shear force at the section ‘x-x’ will be equal to the
resultant force acting on the right portion of the section.
Resultant UDL to the right of the section is a point load of W= + W. 𝑥
So shear force SFxx= +W. 𝑥
At B, X=0, SFB= 0
At A, X= 𝑙 SFA=W. 𝑙

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 52


Cantilever with Uniformly Distributed Load
Bending Moment
UDL can be converted to a point load of magnitude
W= w.x acting at the center of the UDL
BMxx= - (Total load on right Portion) X Distance b/w location of Point load and Free end
= - (w 𝑥).

=-w Square terms so parbolic


At Point B, 𝑥=0
BMB = 0
At point A, 𝑥 = 𝑙

BMA = -

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8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 54
Cantilever with Uniformly Varying Load
A cantilever of length ‘𝑙′ fixed at A and and carrying a gradually varying load from zero at free end to
w per unit length at the fixed end.
Consider a section at x-x at a distance 𝑥 from free end
Rate of loading for a length of 𝑥 will be
Shear Force
SFXX = Total load on the cantilever for a length 𝑥 from the free end B
= Area of triangle
= X 𝑥

At Point B, 𝑥= 0 hence FB =0 At Point A, 𝑥= 𝑙 hence FA = =

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Cantilever with Uniformly Varying Load
Bending Moment
The bending moment at the section x-x at a distance 𝑥 from the free
end B,
Mxx = - (Total load for a length 𝑥) x distance of the load from 𝑥
= - (area of triangle) x Distance of C G of triangle from x-x

=-( )x

=- (Cubic Curve)

At point A, 𝑥 = 𝑙

=- =-

8 November 2020 DR. ROJA A R 56

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