37.1.
37
AOAC Official Method 942.15
Acidity (Titratable) of Fruit Products
First Action 1942
A. Indicator Method
—Final Action 1965
Titratable acidity can be expressed conventionally in g acid per
100 g or per 100 mL product, as appropriate, by using the factor ap-
propriate to the acid; for malic acid use 0.067 as factor; oxalic acid,
0.045; citric acid monohydrate, 0.070; tartaric acid, 0.075; sulfuric
acid, 0.049; acetic acid, 0.060; lactic acid, 0.090.
(a) Colorless or slightly colored solutions.—Dilute to ca 250 mL,
with neutralized
neutralized or recen recently
tly boiled H 2O, 10 g pre prepar
pared
ed jui
juice,
ce,
920.149(a) (see 37. 37.1.0
1.07),or
7),or 25 mL prep
preparedsolut
aredsolution
ion,, 920.149(b)or(c)
(see 37.1.07). Titrate with 0.1M alkali, using 0.3 mL phenolphthalein
for each 10100 0 mL sol
solut
utio
ion
n be
bein
ing
g tit
titrat
rated
ed,, to pi
pink
nk pe
persi
rsist
stin
ing
g 30 s. ReRepo
portrt
as mL 0.1M alkali/100 g or 100 mL original material.
(b) Highly colored solution
solutions. s.—Dil
—Dilute ute test samp
sample le of knoknownwn
weight with neutralized H 2O and titrate to just before end point with
0.1M alkali, using 0.3 mL phenolphthalein for each 100 mL solution
being
bei ng tit
titrat
rated.
ed. Tra
Transf
nsfer
er mea
measur
sured
ed vol
volume
ume (2 or 3 mL) of sol soluti
ution
on int
intoo
ca 20mL ne neut
utra
rall H2O in sm
smal
alll be
beak
aker
er.. (Inthis ex
extr
traa di
dilu
luti
tion
on,, co
colo
lorr of
fruit juice becomes so pale that phenolphthalein color is easily seen.)
If test shows that end point is not reached, pour extra diluted portion
back into original solution, add more alkali, and continue titration to
end point. By comparing dilutions in small beakers, differences pro-
duced by few drops 0.1M alkali can be easily observed.
B. Glass Electrode
Electrode Method
Method
—Final Action 1980
Before
Bef ore use
use,, che
check
ck app
apparaaratus
tus wit
withh sta
standa
ndardrd buf
buffer
fer sol
soluti
utions
ons,, 964.24
(see A.1.04) and Table 964.24 (see A.1.04). Rinse glass electrode in
H2O se seve
vera
rall ti
time
mess ununti
till rea
readi
ding
ng is ca pH 6. Imm Immer erse
se el
elec
ectr
trod
odes
es in te
test
st
sample contained in beaker. (Test sample should titrate 10–50 mL
0.1M NaOH and be contained in initial volume of 100–200 mL.) Stir
moderately. Add alkali quite rapidly until near pH 6. Then add alkali
slow
slowly ly to pH 7. Af Afteterr pH 7 is re reac
ache
hed,
d, fi
fini
nish
sh ti
titr
trat
atio
ionn by ad
addi
ding
ng 0.
0.1M
1M
alkali 4 drops at time, and record total volume and pH reading after
each
eac h add
additi
ition.
on. (Ad
(Add d wh
wholeole dro
drops,
ps, so tha
thatt fracti
fraction
on of drop
drop doe
doess not re-
main
mai n on bur
buret et tip
tip.)
.) Con
Contintinue
ue tit
titrat
ration
ion ≥4 dr drop
opss be
beyo
yondnd pH8.1,and in in--
terpol
terpolatedata
atedata fortitra
fortitratio
tion n cor
corresp
respond
ondingto
ingto pH8.1. pHvalue
pHvaluess use
usedd for
interpolation should lie in range 8.10 ± 0.2.
[ Note s: (1 ) Always keep glass electrode covered with H 2O
when not in use. ( 2 ) If strongly acid cleaning solutions are used,
electr
ele ctroderequi
oderequires res sev
severaerall h to com
comee to equequili
ilibri
brium
um on stastandi
nding
ng in
H2O. (3 ) If ele electr
ctrodeand
odeand sti stirrerare
rrerare wipwipedlight
edlightly ly wit
withh pie
pieceof
ceof fil
fil--
ter pap
paperer bef
beforeinsert
oreinsertioninto
ioninto stastanda
ndardrd buf
buffer
fer,, sam
samee sol
soluti
ution
on may
be used for several checks on instrument.]
References: JAOAC 25 , 412(1942); 28, 507(1945); 71, 86(1988).
© 2000 AOAC INTERNATIONAL
