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Ballast Systems For General Cargo Ships Aim

The document discusses the ballast system for general cargo ships. It explains that the ballast system allows water to be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or sea to trim the vessel. It also discusses ballast pump sizing and the use of segregated ballast tanks. International regulations aim to prevent the spread of aquatic organisms through ballast water discharge. Ships must comply with ballast water exchange standards and install approved treatment systems. There are three methods of ballast water exchange: sequential, flow through, and dilution.

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Aayush Agrawal
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161 views

Ballast Systems For General Cargo Ships Aim

The document discusses the ballast system for general cargo ships. It explains that the ballast system allows water to be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or sea to trim the vessel. It also discusses ballast pump sizing and the use of segregated ballast tanks. International regulations aim to prevent the spread of aquatic organisms through ballast water discharge. Ships must comply with ballast water exchange standards and install approved treatment systems. There are three methods of ballast water exchange: sequential, flow through, and dilution.

Uploaded by

Aayush Agrawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES

SCHOOL OF MARITIME STUDIES, THALAMBUR


DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

MARINE MACHINERY START UP SEMESTER:8

BALLAST SYSTEMS FOR GENERAL CARGO SHIPS

AIM:
To study about ballast system for a general cargo ship

THE BALLAST SYSTEM

The ballast system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea
and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel. Combined or
separate mains for suction and discharge may be provided. The system must therefore be
arranged so that only the appropriate pipeline is in service; the other must be securely
blanked or closed off. Where tanks are arranged for either oil or ballast a change-over chest
must be Fitted in the pipeline so that only the ballast main or the oil transfer main is
connected to the tank. 

Ballast pump capacity is governed by the volume of water that has to be discharged in a
given time. The ballast pump is often also standby sea water circulating pump but very large
ballast discharge capacity is necessary for some ships.

Earlier days cargo tanks were used as ballast tanks (Clean Ballast Tanks) which had potential
for oil pollution when discharged.
Recently ship has started to use segregated ballast tanks with dedicated ballast pumps
which prevent the pollution problem.

The ballast water management convention aims to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic
organisms from one region to another and halt damage to the marine environment from
ballast water discharge, by minimizing the uptake and subsequent discharge of sediments
and organisms. From 2024 all ships are required to have approved ballast water
management system, according to the D2 standard.

Under the convention, ships are required to comply with D1 & D2 standards. The D1
standard requires ship to carry out a ballast water exchange & specifies the volume of water
that must be replaced. This standard involves exchanging the uptaken discharge water from
the last port, with new sea water; it must occur at minimum of 200 nautical mile from shore.
The D2 standard is more stringent and requires the use of an approved ballast water
VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES
SCHOOL OF MARITIME STUDIES, THALAMBUR
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

MARINE MACHINERY START UP SEMESTER:8

treatment system. The system must ensure that only small levels of viable organisms remain
left in water after treatment so as to minimize the environmental impact of shipping.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE

Thus before entering into the waters of any coastal state, ballast water exchange has to be
done in mid-ocean or at least 200 nautical miles from shore and at a location where the
water depth is at least 200 meters or more. There are three different methods of ballast
water exchange:

Sequential: In this method the ballast tanks are emptied until the ballast pumps lose
suction and then the tanks are further stripped by eductor systems. This is
followed by taking fresh ballast into the tank. By the above process the ballast
tanks are intended for the carriage of water ballast is first emptied and then
refilled with replacement ballast water to achieve atleast 95% volumetric
exchange.

Flow through method: In this method water in pumped into the tank and to allow it
to overflow through the air vent or dedicated overflow vents. Three times the
volume of the tank is to be pumped through to get a 95 percent efficiency of
exchange.

Dilution Method: A process by which replacement ballast water is filled through the
top of the ballast tank intended for the carriage water ballast with simultaneous
discharge from the bottom at the same flow rate and maintaining a constant level
in the tank throughout the ballast exchange operation. Atleast three times the
tank volume is to be pumped through the tank.
VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES
SCHOOL OF MARITIME STUDIES, THALAMBUR
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

MARINE MACHINERY START UP SEMESTER:8

Ballast systems on board

RESULT:

Thus ballast system for a general cargo ship is studied.

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