(i)

jkpH;
gUtk; 1/ 2/ 3 ,ize;jJ

7
g[jpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;go
▶ E}y; btsp ▶ TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
▶ brhy;Yk; bghUSk; ▶ fw;git fw;wgpd;
▶ kjpg;gPl;L tpdhf;fs; ▶ kdg;ghlg; ghly;fs;
▶ fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; ▶ khjpup tpdhj;jhs;
▶ rpe;jid tpdh?tpil ▶ bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPl;L tpdhj;jhs;

ciuahrphpah;fs;:

r. nrl;L kjhh;rh/ M.A., M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., TPT, PGDTR, UGC-NET, Ph.D., Dip.Folk, PGDCA
nfh. ghf;fpaehjd;/ M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed.,
rp. $hd; @ khlrhkp/ M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., tP. mgpn&fh nfj;jhpd;/ M.A., B.Ed.,

SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS

(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)
Chennai - Tirunelveli

Price ` 150 /-
 (ii)

Published By
B. ARUMUGAM
SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)

BANK DETAILS

TIRUNELVELI ACCOUNT

Account Name : Surya Publications Account Name : Surya Publications

Account Number : 446971431 Account Number : 510909010051752
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
IFSC Code : IDIB000T034 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Tirunelveli Junction Branch Name : Palayamkottai

CHENNAI ACCOUNT

Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication
Account Number : 928507483 Account Number : 512020010022514
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
IFSC Code : IDIB000A031 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Ashok Nagar Branch Name : Palayamkottai

SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS

(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)

Corporate Office : Registered Office :

No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, New No. 59, 4th Avenue,
Salai Kumaran illam, Opp. to Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School,
Madurai Road, Ashok Nagar,
Tirunelveli - 627001. Chennai - 600 083.
Phone : 0462 - 233 8899 / 233 8484 Phone : 044 - 2474 4484
Mobile : 94431 58484 / 95978 39822 Mobile : 94421 58484 / 94425 58484
Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected]
Website : www.suryapublications.in
 (iii)

Kft[iu ....
``jkpGf;F mKbjd;W ngh; ? me;jj;
jkpH; ,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; capUf;F neh;~~

vd;W g[ul;rpg;gz; ghodhd; ghujpjhrd;.

jha;bkhHpahd jkpH;g;ghlj;jpy; cah;kjpg;bgz; bgw;wplt[k;/

gpiHapd;wp ,yf;fpa/ ,yf;fz eila[ld; vGjplt[k; ,e;j f=;fh
jkpH; c=;fSf;F cWJiz g[hpa[k;.

md;ghh;e;j khzth;fns-
jd;dk;gpf;if/ fod ciHg;g[/ tplhKaw;rp vDk; @d;iwa[k;
cs;sj;jpy; gjpa itj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;. md;whlk; gog;gjidg;
gHf;fkhf;fpf; bfhz;L/ mjid epue;ju tHf;fkhf;fpf; bfhs;S=;fs;.
vspa ,dpa eil/ bjspthd brhw;bwhlh; mikg;g[/ jkpH;ehL murpd;
ghlE}iyj; jGtpa midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; gapw;rpfSf;Fk;
bjspthd tpilfs; ,itna f=;fh jkpHpd; jdpr;rpwg;g[. ,e;j f=;fh
jkpH; Jiztid th=;fpg; gad;gLj;Jk; ePtph; mhpa rhjidfisg;
gilj;jpl thH;j;Jfpwnhk;.

thH;f jkpH;- tsh;f jkpH; czh;t[--

gjpg;gfj;jhh;
 (iv)

Kjy; gUtk;
vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;
v=;fs; jkpH;* 1
xd;wy;y ,uz;ly;y 7

bkhHp ngr;RbkhHpa[k; vGj;JbkhHpa[k; 12

xd;W
mKjj;jkpH; brhytilfs; 19
Fw;wpaYfuk;/ Fw;wpaypfuk; 21
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 1 29
fhL* 30
mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk; 36
tpy=;Ffs; cyfk; 42
,aw;if
,uz;L ,e;jpa tdkfd; 49
mzpepHy; fhL
ehy;tiff; FWf;f=;fs; 50
jpUf;Fws;* 58
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 2 63
g[yp j=;fpa Fif* 64
gh+;ir tsk; 69
njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky;
ehL/ r@fk; 75
@d;W gRk;bghd; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;
ehL mij ehL
fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; 82
tHf;F 85
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 3 96
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL 97
 (v)

,uz;lhk; gUtk;
vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;
fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;* 100
ftpd;kpF fg;gy; 105
mwptpay;/ jkpHhpd; fg;gw;fiy 110
xd;W bjhHpy;El;gk;
MH;flypd; moapy; 116
mwptpay; Mf;fk;
,yf;fpatifr; brhw;fs; 119
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 1 126
,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp* 127
mHpahr; bry;tk; 131

fy;tp thH;tpf;Fk; fy;tp 134

,uz;L
XJtJ xHpnay; gs;sp kWjpwg;g[ 138
XbuGj;J xUbkhHp/ gFgjk;/ gfhg;gjk; 140
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 2 149
xU ntz;Lnfhs;* 150
fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k; 154
ngRk; Xtpa=;fs; 158
fiy/ mHfpay;
@d;W jkpH; xsph; ,l=;fs; 161
fiy tz;zk;
bjhHpw;bgah; 163
jpUf;Fws; 168
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 3 171
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL 172
 (vi)

@d;whk; gUtk;
vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;
tpUe;njhk;gy; 175
taYk; thH;t[k; 178

jpf;bfy;yhk; g[fGWk; jpUbey;ntyp 181

xd;W eaj;jF ehfhpfk;
jpUbey;ntypr; rPika[k; ftpfSk; 185

mzp ,yf;fzk; 187

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 1 192

g[Jik tpsf;F 193
mwk; vd;Dk; fjph; 196

xg;g[ut[ bewp 199

,uz;L xg;g[ut[ xGF cz;ik xsp 203

mzp ,yf;fzk; 205

jpUf;Fws; 210

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 2 213

kiyg;bghHpt[ 214
jd;id mwpjy; 218

fz;zpakpF jiyth; 220

@d;W khDlk; bty;Yk;
gazk; 223

MFbgah; 225

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? 3 232

bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL 233

 ` f=;fh ` 1

,ay; ftpijg;
v=;fs; jkpH;
1 ngiH

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
mUs;bewp mwpitj; juyhFk;
mJnt jkpHd; FuyhFk;
bghUs;bgw ahiua[k; g[fHhJ g
nghw;wh jhiua[k; ,fHhJ

bfhy;yh tpujk; Fwpahff;

U
bfhs;if bgha;ah bewpahf
vy;yh kdpjUk; ,d;g[wnt
t
vd;Wk; ,ire;jpLk; md;gwnk k;
1
md;g[k; mwKk; Cf;fptpLk;
mr;rk; vd;gijg; nghf;fptpLk;
,d;gk; bghHpfpw thbdhypahk;
v=;fs; jkpbHDk; njd;bkhHpahk;
E}y; : ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghly;fs;
Mrphpah; : ehkf;fy; ftp+h; (bt. ,uhkyp=;fdhh;)

Mrphpah; : ehkf;fy; ftp+h;.bt .,uhkyp=;fdhh;

,aw;bgah; : ,uhkyp=;fdhh;
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ehkf;fy; ftp+h; / fhe;jpaf;ftp+h;
rpwg;g[ : jkpHwp+h;/ ftp+h;/ tpLjiyg;nghuhl;l tPuh;/
jkpHfj;jpd; Kjy; muritf; ftp+h;

7
gilg;g[fs; : kiyf;fs;sd;/ ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghly;fs;/
vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
Cf;fptpLk; ? Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; tpujk; ? nehd;g[
Fwp ? Fwpf;nfhs; bghHpfpw ? jUfpd;w
bewp ? tHp mUs; ? ,uf;fk;
bghUs; ? bry;tk;/ ew;bray; mr;rk; ? gak;
mwk; ? ew;bray; nghf;fp ? ePf;fp
 22 ` f=;fh `

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. `bewp~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs;
m) tHp M) Fwpf;nfhs; ,) bfhs;if <) mwk; [tpil : m]

2. `FuyhFk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ

m) Fuy; + ahFk; M) Fuy; + MFk;
,) Fu + yhFk; <) Fu + MFk; [tpil : M]

3. thd; + xyp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy;

m) thd;xyp M) thbdhyp
,) thbthyp <) thdyp [tpil : M]
eak; mwpf

j 1. `v=;fs; jkpH;~ ghlypy; Kjy; vGj;J xd;W nghy; tUk; nkhidr; brhw;fis vLj;J
vGJf.

kp (v.fh.) mUs;bewp bfhy;yh

mJnt bfhs;if
vy;yh
vd;Wk;
H; 2. `v=;fs; jkpH;~ ghlypy; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;W nghy; tUk; vJifr; brhw;fis vLj;J
vGJf.
(v.fh.) mUs; bfhy;yh md;g[k;
bghUs; vy;yh ,d;gk;
3. `v=;fs; jkpH;~ ghlypy; ,Wjp; vGj;J xd;W nghy; tUk; ,iag[r; brhw;fis vLj;J
vGJf.
(v.fh.) juyhFk; g[fHhJ Cf;fptpLk;
FuyhFk; ,fHhJ nghf;fptpLk;

7 FW tpdh
1. jkpH; bkhHpapd; gz;g[fshf ehkf;fy; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
-- ek; jha;bkhHp jkpH;/ mUs; tHpfs; epuk;gpa mwpitj; jUk;
-- bfhy;yhikiaf; Fwpf;nfhshft[k; bgha;ahikiaf; bfhs;ifahft[k; bfhz;L/
vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ,d;g[w;W thH md;g[k; mwKk; cjt[k;.
-- ek; jkpH;bkhHp midthplKk; md;g[ kw;Wk; mwj;ijj; J}z;Lk;. mBJ
mr;rj;ijg; nghf;fp ,d;gk; jUk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 3

2. jkpH;bkhHpiaf; fw;wthpd; ,ay;g[fis vGJf.

-- 
jkpH;bkhHpiaf; fw;nwhh;/ bghUs; (bry;tk;) bgWtjw;fhf ahiua[k; g[fH;eJ
;
ngrkhl;lhh;.
-- jk;ikg; nghw;whjtiua[k; ,fH;e;J ngrkhl;lhh;.
rpW tpdh
1. v=;fs; jkpH; ghlypy; ehkf;fy; ftp+h; TWk; fUj;Jfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
-- ek; jha;bkhHp jkpH;/ mUs; tHpfs; epuk;gpa mwpitj; jUfpd;wJ. mJnt jkpH;
kf;fspd; Fuyhft[k; tps=;FfpwJ.
g
U
-- jkpH;bkhHpiaf; fw;nwhh;/ bghUs; bgWtjw;fhf ahiua[k; g[fH;e;J ngrkhl;lhh;.
jk;ikg; nghw;whjtiua[k; ,fH;e;J ngrkhl;lhh;.
-- bfhy;yhikiaf; Fwpf;nfhshft[k; bgha;ahikiaf; bfhs;ifahft[k; bfhz;L/
vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ,d;g[w;W thH md;g[k; mwKk; cjt[k;. t
-- ek; jkpH;bkhHp midthplKk; md;g[ kw;Wk; mwj;ijj; J}z;Lk;. mBJ
mr;rj;ijg; nghf;fp ,d;gk; jUk;. v=;fs; jkpH;bkhHp njd; nghd;w bkhHpahFk;. k;
rpe;jid tpdh
1. ftp+h; jkpiH Vd; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;>
njd; ,dpikahdJ" J}a;ikahdJ" Ritkpf;fJ" ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ. mijg;
1
nghy ,dpikahdJ/ J}a;ikahdJ/ Ritkpf;fJ/ ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ jkpH;. vdnt
ftp+h; jkpiHj; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. bghUj;Jf.
1. tpujk; ? m) tHp
2. bewp ? M) nehd;g[
3. Fwp
4. bghHpfpw
? ,) jUfpd;w
? <) Fwpf;nfhs;
m) 1?M 2?m 3?< 4?, M) 1?, 2?m 3?< 4?M
7
,) 1?M 2?< 3?M 4?, <) 1?< 2?m 3?M 4?,  [tpil : m]

2. ehkf;fy; ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;gLgth;

m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh; <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]
 44 ` f=;fh `

3. fhe;jpaf; ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;gLgth;

m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh; <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]

4. ehkf;fy; ftp+h; gilg;g[fs; my;yhj xd;W

m) kiyf;fs;sd; M) vd;fij
,) r=;bfhyp <) fhe;jpg[uhzk; [tpil : <]

5. ``mUs;bewp mwpitj; juyhFk;

mJnt jkpHd; FuyhFk;~~ vd;W ghoath;
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh; <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]

6. ``bghUs;bgw ahiua[k; g[fHhJ

nghw;whjhiua[k; ,fHhJ~~ ? ,t;tofspy; mike;j Kuz; brhw;fs;

j
m) bghUs; ? nghw;wh M) ahiuak; ? jhiua[k;
,) bghUs; ? bgw <) g[fHhJ ? ,fHhJ [tpil : <]

kp 7. ``bfhy;yh tpujk; Fwpahff;

bfhs;if bgha;ah bewpahf~~ ? ,t;tofspy; `nehd;g[~ vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy;
H; vJ>
m) bfhy;yh M) tpujk; ,) Fwp <) bewp [tpil : M]

8. ``fj;jpapd;wp ,uj;j kpd;wp

a[j;jbkhd;W tUFJ~~ ? ,t;tofisg; ghoath;
m) bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) ftpkzp <) ghujpahh; [tpil : m]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f

1. jkpfj;jpd; Kjy; muritf; ftp+h;  tpil: ftp+h; bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh;.

7 2. cyfbkhHpfspy; bjhd;ikahdJ

tpil : jkpH;bkhHp
3. `v=;fs; jkpH;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ftpij ,lk;bgWk; E}y;
tpil : ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghly;fs;
4. kiyf; fs;sd; / r=;bfhyp / vd; fij vd;Dk; E}y;fis vGjpath;
tpil: ftp+h; bt.,uhkyp=;fdhh;
5. bt.,uhkyp=;fdhiu vd;Wk; miHg;gh;. tpil : ehkf;fy; ftp+h;
6. ek; midthplKk; md;g[ kw;Wk; mwj;ijj; J}z;Lk;. tpil : jkpH;bkhHp
 ` f=;fh ` 5

7. v=;fs; jkpH;bkhHp nghd;w bkhHpahFk;. tpil : njd;

8. tpLgl;l rPh;fis epug;g[f.
mwpitj; juyhFk;.
mJnt FuyhFk; tpil : mUs;bewp/ jkpHd;

FW tpdh
1. ehkf;fy; ftp+h;/ `fhe;jpaf; ftp+h;~ vd miHf;ff; fhuzk; ahJ>
fhe;jpaofspd; bfhs;iffshy; <h;f;fg;gl;Lf; fhe;jpaj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpajhy; ehkf;fy;
ftp+h;/ `fhe;jpaf; ftp+h;~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;. g
2. ehkf;fy; ftp+hpd; gd;Kfj; jd;ikapid vGJf. U
1) jkpHwp+h; 2) ftp+h; 3) tpLjiyg; nghul;l tPuh;
3. ehkf;fy; ftp+hpd; gilg;g[fs; rpytw;iwf; TWf. t
1) kiyf; fs;sd; 2) r=;bfhyp 3) vd; fij 4) ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghly;fs;
k;
1
rpW tpdh
1. jkpHpd; rpwg;g[fs; rpytw;iw vGJf.
-- cyf bkhHpfspy; bjhd;ikahdJ jkpH;bkhHp.
-- bkd;ika[k; ,dpika[k; tsika[k; cilaJ.
-- thH;t[f;Fj; njitahd md;iga[k; mwj;ija[k; TWtJ.
-- fhyr;NHYf;F Vw;g khw;w=;fis Vw;W/ vd;Wk; ,siknahL jpfH;fpwJ.

2. ehkf;fy; ftp+h; bt. ,uhkyp=;fdhh; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

-- ,aw;bgah; : ,uhkyp=;fdhh;
-- rpwg;g[g;bgah;: ehkf;fy; ftp+h;/ fhe;jpaf;ftp+h;.
-- rpwg;g[ : jkpHwp+h;/ ftp+h;/ tpLjiyg;nghuhl;l tPuh;/ jkpHfj;jpd; Kjy; muritf; ftp+h;.
-- gilg;g[fs; : kiyf;fs;sd;/ ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghly;fs;/ vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. ``v=;fs; jkpH;~~ ? ghliy ,ira[ld; gho kfpH;f.
mUs;bewp mwpitj; juyhFk;
7
mJnt jkpHd; FuyhFk;
bghUs;bgw ahiua[k; g[fHhJ
nghw;wh jhiua[k; ,fHhJ
 66 ` f=;fh `
bfhy;yh tpujk; Fwpahff;
bfhs;if bgha;ah bewpahf
vy;yh kdpjUk; ,d;g[wnt
vd;Wk; ,ire;jpLk; md;gwnk
md;g[k; mwKk; Cf;fptpLk;
mr;rk; vd;gijg; nghf;fptpLk;
,d;gk; bghHpfpw thbdhypahk;
v=;fs; jkpbHDk; njd;bkhHpahk;
? ehkf;fy; ftp+h; bt. ,uhkyp=;fdhh;

2. gpd;tUk; ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ghliyg; goj;Jr; Ritf;f.

fj;jp apd;wp uj;j kpd;wp
a[j;j bkhd;W tUFJ

j
rj;jp aj;jpd; epj;jp aj;ij
ek;g[k; ahUk; nrUtPh;-...(fj;jpapd;wp ...)

kp

fz;l jpy;iy nfl;l jpy;iy
rz;il ape;j khjphp
H;

gz;L bra;j g[z;zp ae;jhd;
gypj;j njehk; ghh;j;jpl-...(fj;jpapd;wp...)

vav
tpLfijfs;

1. xw;iwf; fhJf;fhud;/ xo xo ntyp milfpwhd;. mJ vd;d>

2. rpd;dj;jk;gp Fdpa tr;rhd;. mJ vd;d>

7
3. jphp,y;yhj tpsf;F . cyfbky;yhk; bjhpa[J. mJ vd;d>
tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 7

,ay; ftpijg;
xd;wy;y ,uz;ly;y
1 ngiH

Mrphpah; : cLkiy ehuhazftp

,aw;bgah; : ehuhazrhkp
fhyk; : 25.9.1899 ? 23.5.1981
rpwg;g[g;bgah;
gzp
: gFj;jwpt[f; ftpuhah;
: jkpH;jj
; piug;glg; ghlyhrphpah;/ ehlf vGj;jhsh; g
rpwg;g[fs; :  fiykhkzp gl;lk;/ 31.12.2008y; ,e;jpa
m+;ry; Jiw ,thpd; m+;ry; jiyia U
btspapl;Ls;sJ. cLkiyg; ngl;ilapy;
rpiy kw;Wk; kzpkz;lgj;ijj; jkpHf muR t
epWtpa[ss ; J.
k;
1
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. xg;g[ik ? ,iz 2. mw;g[jk; ? tpe;ij
3. Kfpy; ? nkfk; 4. cgfhhp ? ts;sy;
5. brhy;y ? Tw 6. bjd;wy; ? bjw;fpypUe;J tPRk; fhw;W
7. ftp ? ftp+d;(my;yJ) g[ytd; 8. mUs; ? ,uf;fk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. giftiu btw;wp bfhz;ltiug; ghLk; ,yf;fpak;
m) fyk;gfk; M) ghpghly; ,) guzp <) me;jhjp [tpil : ,]
2. thdpy; Tl;lk; jpuz;lhy; kiH bghHpa[k;

7
m) mfpy; M) Kfpy; ,) Jfpy; <) Japy; [tpil : M]

3. ’,uz;ly;y’ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

m) ,uz;L + ly;y M) ,uz; + my;y
,) ,uz;L + ,y;y <) ,uz;L + my;y [tpil : <]

4. `je;Jjt[k’; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

m) je;J + cjt[k; M) jh + cjt[k;
,) je;J + jt[k; <) je;j + cjt[k; [tpil : m]
 88 ` f=;fh `

5. xg;g[ik+ ,y;yhj vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ

m) xg;g[ik,y;yhj M) xg;gpy;yhj
,) xg;g[ikapy;yhj <) xg;g[,y;yhj [tpil : ,]

FWtpdh
1. jkpH;ehl;od; ,aw;if ts=;fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
-- jkpH;ehl;oy; tPRk; bjd;wypy; njd; kzk; fkGk;.
-- RitkpFe;j gH=;fSk; j=;fk; nghd;w jhdpaf; fjph;fSk; tpisa[k;.
-- jkpH;ehl;od; ed;bra; epytsk; xd;wpuz;ly;y gythFk;.
’xd;wy;y,uz;ly;y’ ? ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ts;sy;fs; Fwpj;j bra;jpfis
2. 
vGJf.
-- Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;j ts;sy; nts;ghhp.
-- g[ythpd; brhy;Yf;Fj; jd; jiyiana juj; Jzpe;jtd; Fkz ts;sy;.

j rpWtpdh
1. jkpGf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fk; ,yf;fpa tiffshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
kp -- giftiu btd;W ghLtJ guzp ,yf;fpak;.

H; -- ghpghly;/ fyk;gf E}y;fs;/ vl;Lj;bjhif/ jpUf;Fws;/ r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;

? Mfpad jkpGf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fk; ,yf;fpa tiffshff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jkpHpy; mw,yf;fpa=;fs; kpFjpahff; fhuzk; ahJ>
-- r=;ffhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjp Mlk;guKk; MuthuKk; kpf;fJ.
-- fiy vd;w bgahpy; xGf;ff;nfLfs; jiyJ}f;fpd.
-- jkpHfj;jpd; mfg;g[w xGf;f=;fs; ghJfhf;fg;glhky; xJf;fg;gl;ld.
-- FHg;gkhd mr;NHypy; ePjpa[k; mwKk; njitg;gl;lJ.

7
-- vdnt /jkpHpy; mw,yf;fpa=;fs; kpFjpahfj; njhd;wpd.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. giftiu btd;wijg; ghLk; ,yf;fpak;
m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 9

2. bghUj;Jf.
1. giftiu btd;wijg; ghLtJ ? m) ghpghly;
2. ,irg;ghly; ? M) guzp
3. thd;g[fH; bfhz;lJ ? ,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;
4. mfk;/ g[wk; bka;gb
; ghUshff; bfhz;lJ ? <) jpUf;Fws;
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? <
3. gFj;jwpt[f; ftpuhah; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth;
[tpil : m]
g
m) ghujpahh; M) ftpkzp
U
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp
4. jkJ ghly;fs; @yk; gFj;jwpt[f; fUj;Jfisg; gug;gpath;
[tpil : <]
t
m) ghujpahh;
,) Rujh
M) ftpkzp
<) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : <]
k;
5. jkpH;j;jpiug;glg; ghlyhrphpauhft[k; ehlf vGj;jhsuhft[k; g[fH;bgw;w ftp+h;
m) ghujpahh;
,) Rujh
M) ftpkzp
<) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : <]
1
6. Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;J g[fH;bgw;wtd;
m) nts;ghhp M) Fkzd; ,) mjpakhd; <) ngfd; [tpil : m]

7. g[ythpd; brhy;Yf;fhfj; jd; jiyiana juj; Jzpe;jtd;

m) nts;ghhp M) Fkzd; ,) mjpakhd; <) ngfd; [tpil : M]

8. ,irg;ghly; ,yf;fpak;
m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : m]
9. mfk;/ g[wk; bka;g;bghUshff; bfhz;l ,yf;fpak;
m) ghpghly;
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;
M) guzp
<) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : ,]
7
10. thd;g[fH; bfhz;l ,yf;fpak;
m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : <]
 01
10 ` f=;fh `

11. jhdpaf; fjpUf;Ff; Twg;gl;l ctik

m) fdp M) bjd;wy; ,) bghd; <) njd; [tpil : ,]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. xd;wy;y ,uz;ly;y ghlypd; Mrphpah; tpil : cLkiy ehuhaz ftp
2. jkpH;ehL epytsKk; ePh;tsKk; kl;Lkpd;wp tsKk; tsKk;
epuk;gpaJ. tpil : bghUs;/ mUs;
3. jkpHf kd;dh;fSk; ts;sy;fSk; kpf;fth;fshf tps=;fpdh;.
tpil : bfhilj;jpwd;
4. ’ftpr;brhy;Yf;F’ vd;w brhy;ypy; ‘ftp’vd;gjd; bghUs;
tpil : g[ytd;
5. Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; bfhLj;jhd; tpil : nts;ghhp
FW tpdh
”thd;KfpypDk; g[fH;gilj;j cgfhhp” vd;w ghlyoapy; ,lk; bgWk; ‘Kfpy;’
1. 

j ‘cgfhhp’ Mfpa brhw;fspd; bghUs; ahJ>

1. Kfpy; ? nkfk; 2. cgfhhp ? ts;sy;

kp 2. jkpH;ehl;oYs;s ts=;fs; ahit>

1. epy tsk; 2. ePh; tsk; 3. bghUs; tsk; 4. mUs; tsk;
H; 3. jkpH;bkhHpapYs;s ts=;fs; ahit>
1. ,yf;fpa tsk; 2. ,yf;fz tsk;
4. jkpHfj;jpy; bfhilj;jpwd; kpf;fth;fshfj; jpfH;e;jth;fs; ahth;>
1. kd;dh;fs; 2. ts;sy;fs;
5. kiH nkfj;ij tplg; g[fH;bgw;wtd; ahh;> mtd; bray; ahJ>
-- kiH nkfj;ij tplg; g[fH;bgw;wtd; : ts;sy; nts;ghhp.
-- mtd; bray; : Ky;iyf; bfho glh;tjw;Fj; jd; tpiy cah;e;j njiuf; bfhLj;jy;.
6. v=;Fj; njd; kzk; fkGk;>

7 jkpHfj;jpy; tPRk; bjd;wy; fhw;wpy; njd; kzk; fkGk;.

7. ed;bra; epyk; vd;why; vd;d>
Mw;WePh;/ Fsj;JePh;/ fpzw;WePh; Mfpa ePh;ts Mjhu=;fisf; bfhz;L Xh; Mz;Lf;F
@d;W nghf=;fs; tiu ntshz;ik bra;a[k; epyj;bjhFjp ed;bra; epyk;
vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
8. ed;bra; epyg;gaph;fs; ahit>
bey;/ thiH/ fUk;g[.
 ` f=;fh ` 11

rpW tpdh:
1. cLkiy ehuhaz ftp ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
,aw;bgah; : ehuhazrhkp
fhyk; : 25.9.1899 ? 23.5.1981
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : gFj;jwpt[f; ftpuhah;
gzp : jkpH;j;jpiug;glg; ghlyhrphpah;/ ehlf vGj;jhsh;
rpwg;g[fs; : fiykhkzp gl;lk;/ 31.12.2008y; ,e;jpa m+;ry; Jiw ,thpd;
m+;ry; jiyia btspapl;Ls;sJ. cLkiyg; ngl;ilapy; rpiy
kw;Wk; kzpkz;lgj;ijj; jkpHf muR epWtpa[s;sJ.
g
fw;git fw;wgpd;
U
1. jkpGf;Ff; bfhil bfhLj;j ts;sy;fs; gw;wp vGJf. t
1. jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs; njhd;w cjtpa ts;sy;fisj; jkpGf;Ff; bfhil bfhLj;j
ts;sy;fs; vdyhk;. k;
1
-- mjpad; (xsitf;F cjtpatd;)
-- ahidf;fl; nra; khe;ju+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw (I=;FW E}W bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
-- g[{hpf;nfh (Few;bjhifiaj; bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
-- gd;dhL je;j khwd; tGjp (ew;wpiziaj; bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
-- ghz;oad; cf;fpug;bgUtGjp (mfehD}W bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
-- rilag;g ts;sy; (fk;guhkhazk; vGj cjtpath;)
-- rPjf;fhjp/ mg[y; fhrpk; (rPwhg;g[uhzk; vGj cjtpath;)
-- re;jpud; Rth;f;fp (esbtz;gh vGj cjtpath;)

2. jkpHpy; cs;s gy;ntW ,yf;fpa tot=;fspd; bgah;fisg; gl;oaypLf.

1. fPH;f;fzf;F 2. nky;fzf;F 3. mw,yf;fpak;

7
4. bgU=;fhg;gpak; 5. rpW fhg;gpak; 6. rpWfij
7. kug[f;ftpij 8. g[Jf;ftpij 9. g[jpdk;
10. ehl;Lg;g[w ,yf;fpak;.

vav
 21
12 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ciueil ngr;R bkhHpa[k; vGj;J

1 cyfk; bkhHpa[k;
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. bkhHpapd; Kjy;epiy ngRjy; MfpadthFk;.
m) goj;jy; M) nfl;ly; ,) vGJjy; <) tiujy; [tpil : M];
2. xypapd; thptotk; MFk;.
m) ngr;R M) vGj;J ,) Fuy; <) ghl;L [tpil : M]

3. jkpHpd; fpisbkhHpfspy; xd;W

m) cUJ M) ,e;jp ,) bjY=;F <) M=;fpyk; [tpil : ,]
j 4. ngr;RbkhHpia vd;Wk; TWth;

kp m) ,yf;fpa M) cyf ,) E}y; <) bkhHp [tpil : M]

H; rhpah jtwh vd vGJf.

1. bkhHp fhyj;jpw;nfw;g khWfpwJ. tpil : rhp
2. vGj;JbkhHp fhyk; fle;Jk; epiyj;J epw;fpwJ. tpil : rhp
3. ngRgthpd; fUj;jpw;F Vw;g cldor; bray;ghl;ow;F cjt[tJ vGj;JbkhHp.
tpil : rhp
4. vGj;JbkhHpapy; cly;bkhHpf;F tha;g;g[ mjpfk;. tpil: jtW
5. ngr;RbkhHp rpwg;ghf mikaf; Fuy; Vw;wj; jhH;t[ mtrpak;. tpil: rhp
Clf=;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.

7
thbdhyp/ bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ bra;jpj;jhs;/ E}y;fs;/ jpiug;glk;/ kpd;d+;ry;
vGj;JbkhHp ngr;RbkhHp
bra;jpj;jhs; thbdhyp
E}y;fs; bjhiyf;fhl;rp
kpd;d+;ry; jpiug;glk;
 ` f=;fh ` 13

FW tpdh
1. bkhHpd; ,Utot=;fs; ahit>
1. ngr;RbkhHp 2. vGj;JbkhHp
2. ngr;RbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ ngr;RbkhHp MFk;.
3. tl;lhubkhHp vdg;gLtJ ahJ>

g
,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. kdpjh;fspd; thH;tpay; NHYf;F
Vw;gt[k; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. ,t;thW khWgLk; xnu bkhHpapd; btt;ntW
tot=;fis tl;lhu bkhHp vd;gh;.

rpW tpdh
U
1. 
ngr;RbkhHpf;Fk; vGj;JbkhHpf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s ntWghLfSs; ehd;fid t
tpsf;Ff.
ngr;RbkhHp vGj;JbkhHp
k;
1. ngr;RbkhHpapy; brhw;fs; FWfp
xypf;Fk;.
v.fh. ey;yhr; rhg;lhd;
2. czh;r;rpf; TWfs; mjpfk;.
1. vGj;JbkhHpapy; brhw;fs;
KGikahf vGjg;gLk;.
v.fh. ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;lhd;
2. czh;r;rpf; TWfs; Fiwt[.
1
3. cly;bkhHp/ Fuy; Vw;wj;jhH;tf
[ F
; ,lk; 3. 
cly;bkhHp/ Fuy; Vw;wj;jhH;t[f;F
cz;L. ,lkpy;iy.
4. jpUj;jkhd bkhHpeilapy; mikfpwJ. 4. jpUj;jkhd bkhHpeilapy;
miktjpy;iy.
2. fpisbkhHpfs; vt;thW cUthfpd;wd>
-- xnu bkhHpiag; ngRk; kf;fs; btt;ntW ,l=;fspy; thH;fpd;wdh;.
-- thGk; ,lj;jpd; epymikg;g[/ ,aw;ifj;jilfs; nghd;wtw;wpd; fhuzkhf
mth;fs; ngRk; bkhHpapy; rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wk; Vw;gLk;.
-- mth;fSf;F ,ilna cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fiwa[k; nghJ ,k;khw;w=;fs; kpFjpahfpg;
g[jpa bkhHpahfg; gphpa[k;. mJnt `fpisbkhHp~ vd;gh;.
7
-- fd;dlk;/ bjY=;F/ kiyahsk; Mfpa jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; jkpHpypUe;J gphpe;J
brd;w fpisbkhHp MFk;.
 41
14 ` f=;fh `

rpe;jid tpdh

,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyk; fle;Jk; mHpahky; thH;tjw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;W
fUJfpwPh;fs;>
-- ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; fz;zho vd;gh;. ,yf;fpa=;fs; jhk; njhd;wpa
fhyr; NHiyf; fhl;LtjhYk; gz;ghL/ ehfhpfk;/ r@f thH;f;if Mfpatw;iwf;
fhl;LtjhYk; mit mHpahky; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
-- thH;nthL ,ize;j Rit bfhz;L ,yf;fpa=;fs; gilf;fg;gLtjhYk;
ePjpbewpfis Kd;itg;gjhYk; ,d;Wk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; vGj;J totpy;
,Ug;gjhYk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyk; fle;Jk; mHpahky; thH;fpd;wd.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. ngRtJk; nfl;gJk; bkhHpapd; epiy

j m) Kjy; M) ,uz;lhk; ,) @d;whk;

2. thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ
<) ehd;fhk; [tpil : m]
MFk;.

kp m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
[tpil : M]
H;
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp
3. fz;zhy; fz;L czUkhW thptotkhf vGjg;gl;Lg; gof;fg;gLtJ
m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : m]

4. vGjg;gLtJk; gof;fg;gLtJk; bkhHpapd; epiy

m) Kjy; M) ,uz;lhk; ,) @d;whk; <) ehd;fhk; [tpil : M]
5. nehpy; fhz ,ayhj epiyapy; bra;jpiaj; bjhptpf;f cjt[tJ
m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp

7 ,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp

m) vGj;JbkhHp
<) bra;if bkhHp
6. kdpjdpd; rpe;jid fhyk; fle;Jk; thH;tjw;Ff; fhuzk;
M) ngr;RbkhHp
[tpil : m]

,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : m]

7. bkhHpapd; caph; ehoahf tps=;FtJ
m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 15

8. ngr;RbkhHpapy; ‘FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f` vd;W TWk;nghJ ‘ftdp` vd;Dk;

brhy;jUk; bghUs;
m) ngQjy; M) ftdpj;Jr;bry;
,) ghJfhg;g[g; bghUs; <) ghU=;fs; [tpil : m]
9. ‘ehd; gwitiag; ghh;j;njd;` ? ,j;bjhlh; ‘gwitiag; ghh;j;jJ ahh;>` vd;w
tpdhthf mika[k; nghJ / mGj;jk; bfhLf;fntz;oa brhy; vJ>
m) gwit M) ehd; ,) ghh;j;jJ <) ahh; [tpil : M]
10. khWgLk; xnu bkhHpapd; btt;ntW tot=;fs;....... vd;gh;.
g
U
m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) tl;lhu bkhHp [tpil : <]
11. bghUe;jhjtw;iwj; njh;e;njLf;f.
t
k;
m) jkpH; ? fpis bkhHp M) fd;dlk; ? fpis bkhHp
,) kiyahsk; ? fpis bkhHp <) bjY=;F ? fpis bkhHp [tpil : m]

1
12. bghUj;Jf
1. jkpH; ? m) ,ul;il tHf;F
2. fd;dlk; ? M) ey;yhr; rhg;l;lhd;
3. tl;lhu bkhHp ? ,) fPJ
4. ngr;R tHf;F ? <) fpis bkhHp
m) 1? m/ 2 ? </ 3?,/ 4?M M) 1? </ 2?M/ 3?,/ 4? m
,) 1? </ 2 ? ,/ 3?m/ 4?M <) 1? m/ 2?,/ 3?M/ 4?< [tpil : m]

nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

1. cyf tHf;F / bra;a[s; tHf;F gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLgth; tpil : bjhy;fhg;gpah;
2. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp tpil : jkpH;
3. vGj;JbkhHpapy; bgUk;ghYk;
4. xUbkhHp caph;g;nghL thH
njitg;gLfpd;wd.
ngzg;gLfpd;wJ. tpil : bkhHpj;J}a;ik
a[k;/ fhyk; fle;J thH;tjw;F a[k;
tpil : ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp
7
5. `vspa eilapy; jkpH; E}y; vGjplt[k; ntz;Lk;~ vd;W ghoath;
 tpil : ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd;.
 61
16 ` f=;fh `

FWtpdh
1. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
ngr;RbkhHpf;Fk; vGj;J bkhHpf;Fk; ,ilna bghpa mstpy; ntWghL ,Ue;jhy;
mBJ ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp MFk;.
rhd;W : jkpH; bkhHp
2. FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHpa[k; gpwbkhHpa[k; vt;thW mwpKfkhfpd;wd>
-- nfl;ly;/ ngRjy; vd;Dk; Kjy; epiyapnyna FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHp
mwpKfkhfpwJ.
-- goj;jy;/ vGJjy; vd;Dk; ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; FHe;ijfSf;Fg; gpwbkhHpfs;
mwpKfkhfpwJ.
3. ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp vd;gij; bjhy;fhg;gpah; vr;brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;>
1. ngr;RbkhHp ? cyf tHf;F/
2. vGj;JbkhHp ? bra;a[s; tHf;F

j 4. jkpHpy; ,Ue;J gphpe;J brd;w fpisbkhHpfs; ahit>

1. fd;dlk;/ 2. bjY=;F/ 3. kiyahsk;
kp 5. ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;J bkhHp vd;Dk; ,U TWfisa[k; bfhz;l bkhHp vJ>

H; jkpH; bkhHp.
6. gHika[k; g[Jika[k; epiwe;J rpwe;j bkhHp vJ>
jkpH; bkhHp.
7. bkhHp vd;gJ ahJ>
jdJ vz;z=;fisa[k czh;r;rpfisa[k; gpwUf;F btspg;gLj;Jtjw;F kdpjdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;lnj bkhHp vd;gh;.
8. ngr;RbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[f;TWfs; ahit>
ngRgtdpd; cly;bkhHp/ xypg;gjpy; Vw;w ,wf;fk; Mfpadt[k; ngr;RbkhHpapd;


7
rpwg;g[f; TWfs; MFk;.
9. Clf=;fs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. thbdhyp 2. bjhiyf;fhl;rp 3. ehnsLfs;
10. jpUj;jkhd jkpiH v=;bf=;Fg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;>
jpUj;jkhd jkpiHna Clf=;fspYk; ,yf;fpa=;fspYk; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk
 ` f=;fh ` 17

rpW tpdh
1. ngr;R bkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp/ tl;lhu tHf;F Mfpatw;iw tpsf;fp rhd;W jUf.
ngr;R bkhHp :thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ ngr;RbkhHp MFk;.
czh;tf [ is vspjhf btspg;gLj;Jk;.fUj;ij btspg;gLj;Jtij
kl;Lnk nehf;fkhff; bfhz;lJ.ngRgtdpd; cly;bkhHp/
xypg;gjpy; Vw;w ,wf;fk; Mfpadt[k; ngr;RbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[f;
TWfs; MFk;.
rhd;W : FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f.
vGj;JbkhHp : n  gr;R bkhHpf;F ehk; je;j totnk vGj;JbkhHp . fz;zhy;
fz;L czUkhW thptotkhf vGjg;gl;Lg; gof;fg;gLtJ g
vGj;JbkhHp. xU bkhHpahdJ ePz;l fhyk; epiybgw vGj;J
bkhHpna fhuzk;. U
rhd;W : ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;lhd;.
tl;lhu tHf;F : 
,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. kdpjh;fspd; thH;tpay;
t
NHYf;F Vw;gt[k; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. ,t;thW khWgLk; xnu
bkhHpapd; btt;ntW tot=;fis tl;lhubkhHp vd;gh;.
k;
1
rhd;W : `,Uf;fpwJ~ vd;w brhy;iy `,Uf;F~/ `fPJ~ vd tH=;FtJ.
beL tpdh
1. ngr;RbkhHpapy; brhw;bghUs; ntWghLfs; Fwpj;J vGJf.
-- ngrg;gLk; NHiyg; bghWj;J ngr;RbkhHpapy; bghUs; ntWgLk;.
-- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff; `FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f~ vd;W TWk;nghJ `ftdp~
vd;Dk; brhy; ngQjy; vd;Dk; bghUisj; jUfpd;wJ. `epy;~/ `bry;~/ ftdp~
vd;gjpy; `ftdp~ vd;Dk; brhy; ftdpj;Jr; bry; vd;Dk; ghJfhg;g[g; bghUisj;
jUfpd;wJ.
-- xypg;gjd; Vw;w ,wf;fKk; bghUs; ntWghl;ilj; jUk;.
-- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf `vd;dhy; nghf KoahJ` vd;Dk; bjhlh; X=;fp xypf;Fk; nghJ
kWg;iga[k; / bkd;ikahf xypf;Fk; nghJ ,ayhikia czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.
-- bjhlhpy; vr;brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLf;fpnwhnkh mjw;nfw;g ngr;RbkhHpapd;
brhy; ntWgLfpd;wJ.
-- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf `ehd; gwitiag; ghh;j;njd;;~ vd;Dk; bjhlhpy; `ehd;` vd;Dk;
brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy; / `gwitiag; ghh;j;jJ ahh;>~ vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F
tpilahf mika[k;.
7
-- `gwitia~ vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy;/ `eP vijg; ghh;j;jha;;>~
vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F tpilahf mika[k;.
-- `ghh;j;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy;/ `eP gwitia vd;d
bra;jha;>~ vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F tpilahf mika[k;.
 81
18 ` f=;fh `

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. 
c=;fs; tPl;oy; gad;gLj;Jk; ngr;R tHf;Fj; bjhlh;fSf;F ,izahd vGj;J
tHf;Fj; bjhlh;fis vGjp tUf.
(v.fh.) ngr;RbkhHp ? mk;kh grpf;fpJ vdf;Fr; nrhW ntQk;.
vGj;JbkhHp ? mk;kh grpf;fpd;wJ. vdf;Fr; nrhW ntz;Lk;.
1. ngr;RbkhHp ? t{l;Lf;F nghfDk;.
vGj;JbkhHp ? tPl;ow;Fg; nghf ntz;Lk;.

2. ngr;RbkhHp ? tt[W epiwah rhg;g[L .

vGj;JbkhHp ? tapW epiwa rhg;gpL.

3. ngr;RbkhHp ? ,d;dpf;F fhj;jhy th=;fpl;L te;nj

vGj;JbkhHp ? ,d;iwf;Ff; fhiyapy; th=;fp te;njd;.

4. ngr;RbkhHp ? jz;zp bfhz;lh

j vGj;JbkhHp ? jz;zPh; bfhz;L th.

2. ngRk; nghJ rpyneu=;fspy; brhw;fspd; ,Wjpapy; cfuk; nrh;e;J xypg;gJ cz;L.

kp `M~ vd;Dk; vGj;J ,fukhf khWtJ cz;L. mt;thW xypf;Fk; brhw;fis vGjp
mtw;Wf;F ,izahd vGj;j tHf;Fr; brhw;fisa[k; vGJf.
H; (v.fh) brhy;Y ? brhy;/ epy;Y ? epy;/ te;jpah ? te;jhah>/ rhg;oah ? rhg;gpl;lhah>

bry;Y bry; nghdpah nghdhah>

bfhy;Y bfhy; ghh;j;jpah ghh;j;jhah>
bty;Y bty; brhd;dpah brhd;dhah>
js;S js; bfhLj;jpah bfhLj;jhah>
Js;S Js; bra;jpah bra;jhah>

vav

7 rpe;jidg;g[jph;
1. KjbyGj;J jkpHpd; mLj;j vGj;J fil @d;W nrh;e;jhy; xU vz;zpf;if bkhj;jj;jpy;
,J tUKd; vr;rhpf;if njit>
2. Kjy; ,uz;il ,He;jhy; xsp ,y;iy. fil ,uz;il Ie;jwpt[ $PtDf;F fhl;LtJ
ahh;> KjYk; fila[k; nrh;e;jhy; if ,He;j bgz;. bkhj;jj;jpy; mHfpa bgauhft[k;
,Uf;Fk; ehd; ahh;>  (tpilfs; gf;fk;? 139 )

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 19

,ay; tphpthdk; brhytilfs;

1 (bghk;kyhl;lk;)

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

ghlg;gFjp bghk;kyhl;lf; fhl;rpfisr; rpWfijahf vGJf.
`MSf;F xU ntiy~
Kd;Diu
 fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij czh;j;Jk; `MSf;F xU ntiy~ vd;Dk; bghk;kyhl;lf; g
fij epfH;itr; rpWfij totpy; fhz;nghk;.
igadpd; gpothjKk; bgw;nwhh; mwpt[iua[k; U
 mk;kh/ mg;gh/ igad; vd rpWFLk;gk; xd;Ws;sJ.
mf;FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s igad; xG=;fhfg; gs;spf; t
k;
Tlk; bry;yhky; Ch;Rw;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Ug;ghd; .
ahh; mwpt[iu TwpdhYk; nfl;fhj gpothj Fzk;
bfhz;ltd;. mtdJ gpothjj;ij ahuhYk; khw;w

1
KoahJ. xU ehs; mg;gh me;jg; igadplk;/ `,g;bghGJ
eP gof;ftpy;iy vd;why; thH;f;ifapy; Kd;ndw
KoahJ/ gs;spf;Tlk; ngha; go~ vd;whh;. mk;kht[k;/ `gof;ftpy;iybad;why; ahUk;
kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;~ vd;whh;. mtd; ntz;lh btWg;ghfg; gs;spf;Tlk; brd;whd;.
tpisahl miHj;jy; 
 tHf;fk; nghynt gs;spf; Tlj;ij tpl;L Xl;lk;
gpof;fpd;whd;. tpisahl ahuhtJ tUthh;fsh>
vd;W ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;. mg;bghGJ vWk;g[
xd;W te;jJ. mjid tpisahlf; Tg;gpl;lhd;.
Mdhy; mJ jd; FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jPdp bfhLf;f
ntz;Lk;. mhprp/ jtpL nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;. cdf;Fj;
jhd; ntiy ,y;iy vd;wJ. gpwF njdP / bghjpkhL/ Mik/ Kay; Mfpatw;iw
xt;bthd;whf tpisahlf; Tg;gpl;lhd;.mtDf;Fg; g[j;jp g[fl;Lk; tz;zk; VjhtJ
xU fhuzj;ijr; brhy;yp mit tpisahl kWj;J tpl;ld.
kdkhw;wk;

7
 <ukhd Fl;or; Rth; kPJ mtd; mkh;e;jhd;. Rth; ,oe;J/ mjpypUe;j g{r;rp/ vWk;g[/
tz;L Mfpad `cdf;Fj; jhd; ntiy ,y;iy/ eh=;fs; nrh;j;j bghUis vy;yhk;
cilj;J tpl;lhna-~ vd;Wr; brhy;yp mtidf; foj;jd. kdk; khwpa igad;
jd; mk;khtplk;/ `cyfj;jpy; </ vWk;g[ Tl Rk;kh ,y;yhky; ntiy bra;fpd;wd.
gog;gJ jhd; vd; ntiy vd;gijg; g[hpe;J bfhz;nld;. ,dp xG=;fhfg; gs;spf;Fr;
bry;fpd;nwd;~ vd;whd;.
Kot[iu
 `xt;bthUtUf;Fk; xU ntiy cz;L. khzf;fh;fSf;Fg; gog;gJ kl;Lk; jhd;
ek; ntiy~ vd;gij ,f;fijapd; @yk; ehk; mwpaKofpd;wJ.
fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp : go - Kjw;go- mJnt thH;f;ifg; go-
 02
20 ` f=;fh `

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. c=;fs; gFjpapy; tH=;fp tUk; brhytilfisj; bjhFj;J tUf.

1. tPl;Lf;F tPL thrw; go.
2. tPl;ilf; fl;og;ghh;/ fy;ahzk; gz;zpg;ghh;.
3. mor;R tsf;fhj g[s;sa[k; xor;R tsf;fhj KU=;ifa[k; cUg;glhJ.
4. vwr;r fpzW CWk;.
5. eha; tpj;j fhR bfhyf;fth bra;a[k;.
6. CuhU g[s;sa Cl;o tsj;jh jd;g[s;s jd;dhy tsUk;.
7. mr;rhzp ,y;yhj njh; Kr;rhQk; XlhJ.
8. Fw;wKs;s be+;R FWFWf;Fk;.
9. fhzp nrhk;gy; / nfho nfL.
10.khndz;zh g[s;sp bfhwa[kh> kapnyz;zh vwF cjpWkh>
2. ghlg;gFjpapy;,lk;bgw;Ws;s brhytilfspy; vitnaDk; Ie;jidj;
njh;e;bjLj;Jr; brhw;bwhlh;fspy; mikj;J vGJf.

j (v.fh) Fj;Jf;fy;Yf;Ff; Fspuh btapyh vd;gJ nghy; vd; ez;gd; vijg; gw;wpa[k;
ftiyg;glhky; thH;e;J te;jhd;.

kp 1. vWk;g[ Cuf; fy;Yk; nja[k; :

khzth;fsplk; Mrphpah; vWk;g[ Cuf; fy;Yk; nja[k; vd;gJ nghy jPa gHf;f=;fspd;
H;
bfhLikapidf; Twp kdkhw;wk; milar; bra;thh;.
2. brhg;gdj;jpy; fz;l mhprp nrhj;Jf;F MFkh>
fw;gidapy; kpje;J ,Ug;gth;fs; brhg;gdj;jpy; fz;l mhprp nrhj;Jf;F MFkh>
vd;gij czu ntz;Lk;.
3. mjpu mor;rh cjpu tpisa[k; :
mjpu mor;rh cjpu tpisa[k; vd;gJ nghy thH;tpy; Kd;ndw bjhlh; Kaw;rp
bra;jhy; nghJk;.
4. fhtog; ghuk; Rkf;fpwtDf;Fj; jhd; bjhpa[k; :
fhtog; ghuk; Rkf;fpwtDf;Fj; jhd; bjhpa[k; vd;gJ nghy ciHg;gtUf;Fj; jhd;

7
gzj;jpd; mUik bjhpa[k;.
5. ghog;gho Fj;jpdhYk; gjW mhprp MFkh>
jPatd; nfho qghiaf; nfhtpy; cz;oaypy; nghLtJ ghog;gho Fj;jpdhYk;
gjW mhprp MFkh> vd;gJ nghyg; g[z;zpak; fpilf;Fkh>

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 21

,ay; fw;fz;L
Fw;wpaYfuk;/ Fw;wpaypfuk;
1
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fisf; Fw;wpaYfu tifapd; mog;gilapy; tifg;gLj;Jf.
MW/ vBF/ fUk;g[/ tpwF/ cHf;F/ vl;L/ VL/ ge;J/ fhR/ bfha;J
beoy; Ma;jj;
caph;j; bjhlh; td;bjhlh; bkd; bjhlh;
,ilj; g
bjhlh;
fhR
bjhlh;
vBF MW vl;L ge;J
bjhlh;
bfha;J U
VL
tpwF
cHf;F fUk;g[
t
bghUe;jhj brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
1 gR/ tpL/ MW/ fU tpil : fU
k;
2. ghf;F/ g+;R/ ghl;L/ gj;J tpil : g+;R
3. MW / khR/ ghF/ mJ tpil : mJ
4. muR/ va;J/ @H;F/khh;g[ tpil : muR
1
5. gz;g[/ k+;R/ fz;L/ vBF tpil : vBF
FW tpdh
1. `Fw;wpaYfuk;` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J tpsf;fk; jUf.
Fw;wpaYfuk; ? FWik + ,ay; + cfuk;
jdf;Fhpa Xirapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;.
2. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d>
KGikahf xU khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;fhky; miukhj;jpiu msthff; Fiwe;J
xypf;Fk; ,fuk; Fw;wpaypfuk; vdg;gLk;.
TLjy; tpdh
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.
1. bghUj;Jf.
7
1. beoy; bjhlh; ? m) vBF/ mBJ
2. Ma;jj; bjhlh; ? M) muR/ xd;gJ/ fapW
3. caph;j; bjhlh; ? ,) ghF/ khR/ ghL/ fhJ
4. td;bjhlh; ? <) ghf;F/ ngr;R/ ghl;L
 22
22 ` f=;fh `
m) 1?m/ 2? </ 3?,/ 4?M M) 1?</ 2?M/ 3?,/ 4?m
,) 1? ,/ 2?m/ 3?M/ 4?< <) 1? m/ 2?,/ 3?M/ 4?< [tpil : ,]
2. Fw;;wpaYfuj;jpd; tiffs;
m) MW M) ehd;F ,) Ie;J <) ,uz;L [tpil : m]
3. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.
m) capbuGj;J ? 12 M) bka;baGj;J ? 18
,) rhh;bgGj;J ? 10 <) jkpH; vGj;J ? 5 [tpil : <]

4. Fw;wpaYfuk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[

m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) miu <) fhy; [tpil : ,]

5. Fw;wpaypfuk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[

m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) miu <) fhy; [tpil : ,]

6. Fw;wpaypfuk; gapd;W te;j brhy;iyj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

m) vBF M) fapW ,) gw;W <) bfhf;fpahJ [tpil : <]

j 7. gpd;tUk; rhd;Wfspy; Kw;wpaYfuk; my;yhjijj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

kp m) g[F M) gR ,) ge;J
8. bkd; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfur; rhd;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
<) VG [tpil : ,]

H; m) vBF M) fhJ ,) va;J

9. ,ilj; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfur; rhd;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
<) k+;R [tpil : <]

m) vBF M) fhJ ,) va;J <) k+;R [tpil : ,]

10. njhg;gpahJ/ nfz;kpah ? Mfpa brhw;fs; f;Fr; rhd;W.

m) Fw;wpaypfuk; M) beoy; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
,) Kw;wpaYfuk; <) Fw;wpaYfuk; [tpil : m]
nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.
1. jdf;Fhpa Xirapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk; MFk;.

xypf;Fk; ,fuk; vdg;gLk;.

tpil : Fw;wpaYfuk;
2. KGikahf xU khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;fhky; miukhj;jpiu msthff; Fiwe;J
tpil : Fw;wpaypfuk;
3. jdpf;Fwpy; vGj;ij mLj;J tUk; ty;ypd cfu=;fs; Xir Fiwahky; xU khj;jpiu
mstpy; KGikahf xypg;gij vd;gh;. tpil : Kw;wpaYfuk;
4. Fwpy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : fuk;
 ` f=;fh ` 23

5. beoy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;

tpil : fhd;
6. Fwpy;/beoy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : fhuk;
7. Ma;j vGj;ijf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : nfdk;
8. rhh;bgGj;J tifg;gLk;. tpil : gj;J
9. Fw;wpYfuj;jpd; tiffs; tpil : MW
g
U
10. vd;Dk; vGj;ijj; bjhlh;e;J tUk; Fw;wpaYfur;brhw;fs; ,y;iy.
tpil : `t;`
11.  / /
brhw;fSk; ,y;iy.
Mfpait ,Wjpahf mika[k; ,ilj;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfur;
tpil : R/ L/ W t
FWtpdh k;
1. Fw;wpaYfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
fhR/ vBF/ gaW/ ghl;L/ ge;J/ rhy;g[.
2. Kw;wpaYfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
g[F/ gR/ tpL/ mJ/ tpL/ tW.
1
3. Fw;wpaypfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
bfhf;fpahJ/ njhg;gpahJ/ ehoahJ/ nfz;kpah/ brd;kpah.
4. Kw;wpaYfuk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
jdpf;Fwpy; vGj;ij mLj;J tUk; ty;ypd cfu=;fs; Xir Fiwahky; xU khj;jpiu
mstpy; KGikahf xypg;gij Kw;wpaYfuk; vd;gh;.
v.fh. g[F/ gR/ tpL/ mJ/ tpL/ tW.
5. KjbyGj;Jfs; ahit>
caph; gd;dpuz;L/ bka; gjpbdl;L Mfpa Kg;gJ vGj;JfSk; KjbyGj;Jfs;

vdg;gLk;.
6. rhh;bgGj;J vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
rhh;bgGj;J gj;J tifg;gLk;.
7
1. caph;bka; 2. Ma;jk; 3. capusbgil 4. xw;wsbgil
5. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; 6. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; 7. kfuf;FWf;fk; 8. Fw;wpaypfuk;
9. Fw;wpaYfuk; 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
 42
24 ` f=;fh `

rpWtpdh
1. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid tifg;gLk; >mit ahit>
Fw;wpaYfuk; MW tifg;gLk;.
1. beoy; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 2. Ma;jj; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
3. caph;j; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 4. td; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
5. bkd; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 6. ,ilj; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. xd;W Kjy; gj;J tiua[ss; vz;Qg;bgah;fisg; gl;oaypl;L vGJ=;fs;/ mtw;wpy;
Fw;wpaYfur; brhw;fis vLj;bjGJ=;fs;.
vz;Qg;bgah;fs; :
xd;W/ ,uz;L/ @d;W/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ MW/ VG/ vl;L/ xd;gJ/ gj;J.
Fw;wpaYfur; brhw;fs; :
xd;W/ ,uz;L/ @d;W/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ MW/ vl;L/ xd;gJ/ gj;J.
j 2. 
Fw;wpaYfu vz;Qg;bgah;fisf; Fw;wpaYfu tifapd; mog;gilapy;
kp tifg;gLj;Jf.

H;
td;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? @d;W/ vl;L/ gj;J
bkd; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? xd;W/ ,uz;L/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ xd;gJ
caph;j; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? MW
3. Fw;wpaYfu vz;Qg;bgah;fspd; khj;jpiu msitf; fz;Lgpoa[=;fs;.
(v.fh) xd;W ? 1 + ½ + ½ = 2
,uz;L ? 1 + 1 + ½ + ½ = 3
@d;W ? 2 + ½ + ½ = 3
ehd;F ? 2+ ½ + ½ = 3

7
Ie;J ? 2 + ½ + ½ = 3
MW ? 2 + ½ = 2½
VG ? 2 + 1 = 3
vl;L ? 1+½+½ = 2
xd;gJ ? 1 + ½ + 1 + ½ = 3
1+ ½ + ½
gj;J ? = 2
 ` f=;fh ` 25

4. F/ R/ L/ J/ W Mfpa Fw;wpaYfuj;ij ,Wjpahff; bfhz;l <buGj;Jr; brhw;fisj;

jpul;Lf.
ghF/ thF/
ghL/ rhL/ XL/ tpL/
fhR/ tPR/ ngR/
thJ/ nfJ/ rhJ/ khJ/
tW/ nrW/ brW/
tJ/tL/ bghJ.
g
bkhHpia MH;nthk;
U
nfl;f
jkpHpd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpa mwp+h;fspd; brhw;bghHpitf; nfl;L kfpH;f. t
ghujpahhpd; brhw;bghHpt[r; bra;jp
jkpHpd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; fhe;jpaofsplk; ghujp elj;jpa foj
k;
ciuahly; xd;iwj; jdJ brhw;bghHptpy; vLj;Jiuj;jhh;.
fhe;jpaofspd; brhw;bghHpit ehd; nfl;f neh;e;jJ. bts;isand btspnaW
vd;gij mGj;jkhf typa[Wj;jpdhh;. mtUila brhw;bghHpitg; gw;wp ehd; xU
kly; vGjpndd;. mjpy; kfhj;khnt new;iwa brhw;bghHptpy;/ bts;isand
1
btspnaW vd;w ngr;R mUik. Mdhy; xU tUj;jk;.bts;isaid btspnawr;
brhy;yp / j=;fs; brhw;bghHpt[ ,e;jpapnyh F$uhj;jpapnyh mikahky; M=;fpyj;jpy;
,Ue;jJ kpFe;j tUj;jk; mspf;fpd;wJ vd;W vGjpapUe;njd;. mjw;F fhe;jpahh;
kWklypy;/ ehd; M=;fpyj;jpy; ngrpaij eP=;fs; klypy; Fwpg;gpLk; nghJ Vd;
eP=;fSk; M=;fpyj;jpy; vdf;F kly; vGjpdPh; vd;whh;.mjw;F ehd;/ ahUila kdKk;
g[z;gLk; goahd bra;jpiag; ngRtjhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ vGJtjhf ,Ue;jhYk;
vd;Dila jha;bkhHpahfpa jkpiHg; gad;gLj;j khl;nld; vd;W kly; vGjpndd;
vd;whh;.

7
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.
ehd; mwpe;j gHbkhHpfs;
 jkpHd;idapd; jhH;gzpe;J tzf;f=;fs; gybrhy;yp vd;Diuia Muk;gk;
bra;fpd;nwd;. ehd; mwpe;jgHbkhHpfs; gw;wpr; rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;.gHbkhHp
vd;gJ vd;d> ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; j=;fs; mDgtj;jpd; @yk;czh;e;J Twpa bkhHpfs;
gHbkhHp MFk;. mit mDgt bkhHpfs;. thH;f;ifia tsg;gLj;Jtd. mtw;wpd;
tHpek; vz;z=;fisa[k; thHf;ifg; ghijiaa[k; Kot[ bra;ayhk. ahidtUk;
gpd;nd kzpnahir tUk; Kd;nd/ ,f;fijf;F mf;fiu gr;ir/ Mof; fhw;wpy;
 62
26 ` f=;fh `
mk;kpa[k; gwf;Fk;/ MYk; ntYk; gy;Yf;FWjpehSk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;FWjp/
fhw;Ws;snghnj J}w;wpf; bfhs;/ mfy cGtijtpl MH cGtnj nky; Mfpad
ehd; mwpe;j gHbkhHpfs; MFk;. ,it nghy gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd gHbkhHpfs; ek;
ehl;oy; cs;sd. mjid mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;.ed;wp. tzf;fk;.

bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F Vw;gj; bjhlhpy; mGj;jk; ju ntz;oa brhw;fis

vLj;J vGJf.
nfhij ftpijiag; goj;jhs;.
tpdh mGj;jk; ju ntz;oa brhy;
nfhij vijg; goj;jhs;> ftpij
ftpijiag; goj;jJ ahh;> nfhij
nfhij ftpijia vd;d bra;jhs;> goj;jhs;

glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpizia vGJf.

j
kp
H;
cah;jpiz mBwpiz cah;jpiz
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis cah;jpiz/ mBwpiz vd tifg;gLj;Jf.
tay; / Kfpyd;/ Fjpiu/ fay;tpHp/ jiytp/ fly;/ Mrphpah;/ g[j;jfk;/ Rujh/ kuk;
cah;j;piz mBwpiz
Kfpyd; tay;

7
fay;tpHp Fjpiu
jiytp fly;
Mrphpah; g[j;jfk;
Rujh kuk;
bfhLf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.
jha;bkhHpg; gw;W
(Kd;Diu ? bkhHp gw;wpa tpsf;fk; ? jha;bkhHp ? jha;bkhHpg; gw;W ? jha;bkhHpg;
gw;Wf; bfhz;l rhd;nwhh; ? rhJtd; tuyhW ? ekJ flik ? Kot[iu)
 ` f=;fh ` 27

Kd;Diu
`jhapw; rpwe;j nfhtpYk; ,y;iy~ vd;gJ rhd;nwhh; bgUkf;fs; gyhpd; thf;fhFk;.
ek;ikg; bgw;w jhiatpl rpwe;jbjhU bja;tk; fpilahJ vd;gjhy; jhd; `jha;bkhHp~
vd;W miHj;jdh;.jha;bkhHpapd; kPJ gw;WjnyhL ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij
,f;fl;Liu typa[Wj;Jfpd;wJ.
bkhHp gw;wpa tpsf;fk;
ekJ vz;z=;fis kw;wth;fs; g[hpe;J bfhs;st[k; / ekJ fUj;Jfisg; gfph;e;J
bfhs;st[k; cjt[tJ bkhHpahFk;. kf;fspd; mwpt[ tsh;r;rpf;Fk; ehfhpf cah;t[f;Fk;
mog;gilahf miktJ bkhHpahFk;. g
jha;bkhHpg; gw;W
FHe;ijf;Fj; jha; Kjd; Kjypy; brhy;ypj; jUk; bkhHpna jha;bkhHp.
U
FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHp ,ay;ghfnt tUk;.fdtpYk; edtpYk; jha;bkhHpna
,ay;ghf mika[k;.mtuth; jha;bkhHp kPJ jzpahj gw;W bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
t
jha;bkhHpg; gw;Wf; bfhz;l rhd;nwhh;
,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; jha;bkhHpapy; ngrt[k; gof;ft[k; gyh; ja=;Ffpd;wdh;. ,J
k;
bgw;w jhiag ;g[we;js;sp itg;gJ nghd;wjhFk;. vz;zw;w cyfk; nghw;Wk;
rhd;nwhh;fs; jj;jk; jha;bkhHpapnyna bray;fisr; bra;J cah;e;Js;sdh;.ghujpahh;
/ fhe;jpaofs; / ,utPe;jpu ehj; jhTh; vdg; gyUk; gd;bkhHp mwpe;jpUe;j nghJk;/ rpwe;j
cyfk; nghw;Wk; gilg;g[fisj; jk; jha;bkhHpapnyna je;jdh;.re;jpungh!; jd;
1
kfd; b$fjP!; re;jpunghi!j; jha;bkhHp fw;gpf;Fk; gs;spapnyna gof;f itj;jhh;.
mth; gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j mwptpay; mwp+uhdh;.
rhJtd; tuyhW
Mjpiuapd; fztd; rhJtd; tzpfk; bra;a fg;gw; gazk; bra;fpd;whd;
bgU=;fhw;why; fg;gy; ftpH;e;J tpLfpd;wJ. rhJtd; gpiHj;J ehfh;fs; thGk;
jPit milfpd;whd;. mth;fs; kdpj khkprk; cz;gth;fs;. rhJtidj; jpd;d
epidf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; rhJtd;/ ehfh;fs; ngRk; bkhHpiag; ngRfpd;whd;. ehfh;fs;
rhJtDf;F ntz;oaijf; bfhLj;J mDg;gp itf;fpd;wdh;. jha;bkhHpna vija[k;

7
khw;Wk;.
ekJ flik
-- me;epa bkhHp nkhfk; bfhz;L miyahky; jha;bkhHpapd; kPJ mstw;w gw;Wjy;
itf;fntz;Lk;.
-- jha;bkhHp tHpf; fy;tp bgWjny rpwg;g[ vd;gij kw;wth;fSf;F vLj;Jiuf;f
ntz;Lk;.
-- fy;Y}hpf; fy;tp tiuj; jha;bkhHpapnyna gapy ntz;Lk;.
 82
28 ` f=;fh `

Kot[iu
M=;fpy tHpf;fy;tp @yk; ehk; ek;ik ,He;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;nwhk;.ekJ
gz;ghL/ fyhr;rhuj;ij kPl;Lf; bfhz;Ltuj; jha;bkhHpg; gw;Wld; jha;bkhHpy;
gapy;tJ ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; mtrpakhFk;.

bkhHpnahL tpisahL

bjhifr; brhw;fis tphpj;J vGJf.

,Ujpiz ? cah;jpiz/ mBwpiz.
Kf;fdp ? kh/ gyh/ thiH/
Kj;jkpH; ? ,aw;wkpH;/ ,irj;jkpH;/ ehlfj;jkpH;/
ehw;wpir ? fpHf;F/ nkw;F/ tlf;F/ bjw;F/
Itifepyk; ? Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy/
mWRit ? ,dpg;g[/ g[spg;g[/ fhh;g;g[/ Jth;g;g[/ cth;g;g[/ frg;g[/

j fl;l=;fspYs;s vGj;Jfis khw;wp/ nkypUe;J fPHhft[k; ,lkpUe;J tykhft[k;

vGjpdhy; xnu brhy; tUkhW fl;l=;fspy; vGJf.

kp if
w
v
J
J
tp
tpil: v
J
J
w
if
tp
H; id if tp if tp id

F k j tpil: k j F
e; jp j j e; jp
iu F jp F jp iu
,UbghUs; bfhz;l xU brhy;yhy; epug;g[f.
1. muRf;F jtwhky; thp brYj;j ntz;Lk;.
Vl;oy; vGJtJ thp totk;.
2. kHiy ngRk; bkhHp mHF.

7 ,dpikj; jkpH; bkhHp vkJ.

3. md;id je;ijapd; ifg;gpoj;Jf; FHe;ij eil gHFk;.
mwp+h; mz;zhtpd; rpwg;g[ mtuJ mLf;FbkhHp eil.
4. eP mwpe;jijg; gpwUf;Fr; brhy;.
vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;e;J epd;W bghUs; jUtJ brhy;.
5. cHth;fs; ehw;W el taYf;Fr; brd;wdh;.
FHe;ij bkJthf el vd;nghk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 29

6. ePjp kd;wj;jpy; bfhLg;gJ tHf;F.

`ePr;rj; jz;zp Fo~ vd;gJ ngr;R tHf;F.

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
1. kug[ ? Tradition 5. Clfk; ? Media
2. bkhHpapay; ? Linguistics 6. bghk;kyhl;lk; ? Puppetry
3. xypapay; ? Phonology 7. vGj;jpyf;fzk; ? Orthography
4. ,jHpay; ? Journalism
vav
8. ciuahly; ? Dialogue
g
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; : xd;W
U
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20 t
I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4 k;
1
1. `bewp~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs;......................
m) tHp M) Fwpf;nfhs; ,) bfhs;if <) mwk;
2. thdpy; ............................ Tl;lk; jpuz;lhy; kiH bghHpa[k;.
m) mfpy; M) Kfpy; ,) Jfpy; <) Japy;
3. bkhHpapd; Kjy; epiy ngRjy; ...................... MfpadthFk;.
m) goj;jy; M) nfl;ly; ,) vGJjy; <) tiujy;
4. bghUe;jhj brhy;iy vLj;bjGJf.
m) gR M) tPL ,) MW <) fU
II. FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. jkpH;bkhHpiaf; fw;wthpd; ,ay;g[fs; ahit>
6. bkhHpapd; ,Utot=;fs; ahit>

7
7. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
III. rpW tpil jUf. 2x3=6
8. ftp+h; jkpiH Vd; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;>
9. fpisbkhHpfs; vt;thW cUthfpd;wd>
IV. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. `bfhy;yh tpujk; ...~ vdj; bjhl=;fp / .....njd;bkhHpahk;~ vdKoa[k; ehkf;fy;
ftp+h; ghly;.
vav
 03
30 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
fhL
2 ngiH

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
gr;ir kapy;eof;Fk;
gd;wp fpH=;bfLf;Fk;
er;ru t=;fy=;Fk; ? fpspna
ehpbayhk; CisapLk;

mjpkJ uj;jiHia
ahidfs; jpd;wgo
g[Jeil nghLkO ? fpspna
g[{=;Fapy; Tt[ko-

j rp=;fk; g[ypfuo
rpWj;ij tpy=;fpd=;fs;
kp v=;Fk; jphpa[kO ? fpspna

H;
,aw;if tpLjpapny-

E}y; : Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; bjhFg;g[

Mrphpah; : Rujh (,uhrnfhghyd;)

,aw;bgah; : ,uhrnfhghyd;
gpwg;g[ : 23.11.1921
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ctikf;ftp+h;
gilg;g[fs; : njd;kiH/ rhtpd; Kj;jk;/ cjl;oy; cjL/

7
gl;lj;jurp/ RtUk; Rz;zhk;g[k;/ JiwKfk;/
thh;j;ijthry;/ vr;rpy; ,ut[/ mKJk; njDk;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
<d;W ? bgw;W er;rutk; ? tplKs;s ghk;g[
bfhk;g[ ? fpis tpLjp ? j=;Fk; ,lk;
mjpkJuk; ? kpFe;j Rit jPgk; ? xsp
fspj;jpl ? kfpH;e;jpl
 ` f=;fh ` 31

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. thiH/ fd;iw ________
m) <d;wJ M) tH=;fpaJ ,) bfhLj;jJ <) je;jJ [tpil : m]

2. `fhbly;yhk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________

m) fhL + bly;yhk; M) fhL + vy;yhk;
,) fh + bly;yhk; <) fhd; + vy;yhk; [tpil : M] g
3. `fpH=;F + vLf;Fk;~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ________
U
m) fpH=;FvLf;Fk;
,) fpH=;FLf;Fk;
M) fpH=;bfLf;Fk;
<) fpH=;bfhLf;Fk; [tpil : M] t

eak; mwpf
ghlypYs;s nkhid/ vJif/ ,iag[r; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
k;
nkhid
bra;a[spy; mo (my;yJ)
rPhpy; cs;s brhw;fspy;
vJif
bra;a[spy; mo (my;yJ)
rPhpy; cs;s brhw;fspy;
,iag[
bra;a[spy; xt;nthh;
moapd; ,WjpapYk;
1
Kjy; vGj;J xd;W nghy ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;W cs;s rPnuh vGj;njh
(xnu khjphp) tUtJ nghy (xnu khjphp) tUtJ xd;W nghy (xnu
nkhid MFk;. vJif MFk;. khjphp) tUtJ ,iag[
MFk;.
ghlypy; cs;s nkhidr; ghlypy; cs;s vJifr; ghlypy; cs;s ,iag[r;
brhw;fs;: brhw;fs;: brhw;fs;:
fhh;j;jpif ? fhbly;yhk; fhh;j;jpif?ghh;j;jpl?ghh;it <d;bwLf;Fk; ? epHy;
ghh;j;jpl ? ghh;it fspj;jplnt ? Fsph;e;jplnt bfhLf;Fk; fdpgwpf;Fk;

7
fhL ? fha;fdp Fu=;F ? ku=;fs; ? jilapUf;Fk;
gr;ir ? gd;wp gr;ir ? er;ru ?fpH=;bfLf;Fk;
er;ru ? ehpbayhk; rp=;fk; ? v=;Fk;
rp=;fk; ? rpWj;ij

FW tpdh
1. fhl;Lg;g[{f;fSf;F vjid ctikahff; ftp+h; Rujh Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;>
-- fhl;Lg;g[{f;fSf;Ff; fhh;j;jpif tpsf;if ctikahff; ftp+h; Rujh Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
 23
32 ` f=;fh `

2. fhl;od; gad;fshff; ftp+h; Rujh TWtd ahit>

-- fhl;oYs;s kyh;fisf; fhQk; fz;fs; Fsph;r;rp bgWk;.
-- fhL gy tifahd bghUs;fisa[k; fha;fdpfisa[k; jUk;.
-- vy;nyhUk; nrh;e;JkfpH;e;jpl Fsph;e;j epHy; jUk;.
-- fhl;L tpy=;FfSf;F czthff; fdp jUk;.
rpW tpdh
1. `fhL~ ghlypy; tpy=;Ffspd; bray;fshff; ftp+h; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.
-- gd;wpfs; fhl;oYs;s fpH=;Ffisj; njhz;o cz;Qk;.
-- ehpf; Tl;lk; CisapLk;.
-- kpFe;j Rita[ila jiHia ahidfs; jpd;wgo g[jpa eilnghLk;.
-- ,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplkhfpa fhl;oy; rp=;fk;/ g[yp/ fuo/ rpWj;ij Mfpa tpy=;Ffs;
v=;Fk; miye;J jphpa[k;.
rpe;jid tpdh
j 1. fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjpahff; ftp+h; Twf; fhuzk; vd;d>

kp -- gwitfs; / tpy=;Ffs; cs;spl;l mBwpiz caph;fSf;Fj; njitahd ciwa[s;

(j=;Fkplk;) ? czt[ Mfpad fhl;oy; ,aw;ifahfnt cs;sd.

H; -- ku=;fs;/ bro bfhofs; Mfpad g[{r;rpfs;/ g[Gf;fs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;

Mfpatw;wpw;Fj; j=;Fkplk; kw;Wk; czit ,aw;if md;idna tH=;Ftjhy;/
fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjpahff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. ,uhrnfhghyd; vd;w ,aw;bgah; bfhz;l ftp+h;
m) ghujpahh; M) cLkiy ehuhazftp

7
,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]
2. ctikf;ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toa ftp+h;
m) ghujpahh; M) cLkiy ehuhazftp
,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]
3. njd;kiH/ JiwKfk;/ mKJk; njDk; Kjypa E}y;fisg; gilj;j ftp+h;
m) ghujpahh; M) cLkiy ehuhazftp
,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 33

4. fhh;j;jpif tpsf;Ffs; nghd;W ,Ue;jit

m) fhL M) kyh;fs; ,) fha;fdp <) kapy; [tpil : M]
5. bghUj;Jf.
1. mjpkJuk; ? m) kfpH;e;jpl
2. fspj;jpl ? M) kpFe;j Rit
3. bfhk;g[ ? ,) bgw;W
4. <d;W ? <) fpis
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? , g
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
U
6. bghUj;Jf.
1. kapy;fs; ? m) fpH=;Ffisj; njhz;o cz;Qk; t
2. gd;wpfs; ? M) fyf;fkila[k;
3. ghk;g[fs; ? ,) g[jpa eil nghLk;
k;
4. ahidfs; ? <) eldkhLk;
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?<
M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
<) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]
1
7. _______ Fapy; Tt[ko- ghlyoapy; ,lk;bgWk; jFe;j brhy;yhy; epug;g[f.
m) fU=; M) g[{=; ,) kzpf; <) rpW [tpil : M]
8. g[Jeil nghl;lJ vJ>
m) ghk;g[ M) gd;wp ,) Fu=;F <) ahid [tpil : <]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f

1. _______/ _______ ekf;F vg;nghJk; fhl;rpf;F ,d;gk; jUgit.
tpil : fhLk; flYk;
2. ctikfisg; gad;gLj;jp ftpij vGJtjpy; ty;yth; _______.
tpil : Rujh
3. fhL vd;Dk; ftpij mike;j E}y; _______. tpil: Rujhtpd; ftpijfs;
7
4. Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; vd;w E}ypy; fhL vd;Dk; ftpij mike;j gFjp _______.
tpil : ,aw;if vHpy;
5. fhL vd;w ftpij mike;j ghtif _______. tpil : fpspf;fz;zp
6. ehpf;Tl;lk; ______. tpil : CisapLk;
 43
34 ` f=;fh `

FW tpdh
1. Rujh vd;gjd; bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
 ,uhrnfhghyd; ghujpjhrd; kPJ gw;Wf;bfhz;lth;. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;bgah;
Rg;g[uj;jpdk;. vdnt jk; bgaiur; Rg;g[uj;jpd jhrd; vdkhw;wpf;bfhz;lhh;.mjd;
RUf;fnk Rujh vd;gjhFk;.
2. ftp+h; Rujhit `ctikf;ftp+h;~ vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;>
 ctikfisg; gad;gLj;jp ftpij vGJtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; Rujh
`ctikf;ftp+h;~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
3. Rujhtpd; gilg;g[fs; ahit>
1. njd;kiH 2. JiwKfk; 3. mKJk; njDk;
4. fpspf;fz;zp vd;Dk; ghtif Fwpj;J vGJf.
 fpspapd; bkhHp nghd;w ,dpa brhw;fisg; ngRk; bgz;iz nehf;fpf; TWtjhf
,dpa re;jj;jpy; ghlg;gLk; ,irg;ghly; fpspf;fz;zp MFk;.
5. `fhl;od; tsnk ehl;od; tsk;~ vdf; mwp+h; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>

j  xU ehl;od; tsk; / me;ehl;od; bkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; mike;Js;s fhLfspd;

msitg; bghUj;nj kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; `fhl;od; tsnk ehl;od;

kp tsk;~ vd mwp+h; TWfpd;wdh;.

6. `fhL~ ghlypy; gwitfspd; bray;fshff; ftp+h; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.

H; -- gr;ir epwKila kapy;fs; eldkhLk;.

-- g[{f;fs; g[{j;Jf; FY=;Fk; ku=;fspy; Fapy;fs; Tt[k;.
7. ,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplk; vJ>
,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplk; : fhL
8. v=;Fk; jphpa[kO- ? ,jpy; `jphpe;jit~ vit>
rp=;fk;/ g[yp/ fuo/ rpWj;ij.
rpW tpdh
1. Rujh ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

7 -- ,aw;bgah; : ,uhrnfhghyd;
-- gpwg;g[ : 23.11.1921
-- rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ctikf;ftp+h;
-- Rujh ? bgah;f; fhuzk; : ghujpjhrd;kPJgw;Wf;bfhz;lth;.ghujpjhrdpd;,aw;bgah;
Rg;g[uj;jpdk;. vdnt jk; bgaiur; Rg;g[uj;jpdjhrd; vd
khw;wpf; bfhz;lhh;. mjd; RUf;fnk `Rujh~ vd;gjhFk;.
-- gilg;g[fs; : 1.njd;kiH 2. JiwKfk; 3.mKJk; njDk; Kjypad.
 ` f=;fh ` 35

2. `fhL~ vd;Dk; ftpijapy; ,lk; bgWk; mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>

1. Fu=;F 2. fpsp 3. kapy; 4. gd;wp 5. ghk;g[ 6. ehp
7. ahid 8. Fapy; 9. rp=;fk; 10. g[yp 11.fuo 12. rpWj;ij
3. fhl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
 fh/ fhy;/ fhd;/ fhdfk;/ mltp/ muz;/ g[ut[/ bghw;iw/ bghHpy;/ jpy;yk;/ mGtk;/
,at[/ gHtk;/ Kshp/ ty;iy/ tplh;/ tpay;/ tdk;/ Kij/ kpis/ ,Wk;g[/ Ruk;/
bghr;ir/ bghjp/ Ksp/ mhpy;/mwy;/ gJf;if/ fizak;.
4. ftp+h; jkpiH Vd; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;>
njd; ,dpikahdJ" J}a;ikahdJ" Ritkpf;fJ" ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ. mijg;
g
nghy ,dpikahdJ/ J}a;ikahdJ/ Ritkpf;fJ/ ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ jkpH;. vdnt U
t
ftp+h; jkpiHj; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;.

vav
tpLfijfs; k;
4. @lhj tha;f;F KG thy;. mJ vd;d>
5. kz;il cz;L . fl;il ,y;iy . g{ cz;L . kzkpy;iy. mJ vd;d>
6. kdpjd; nghlhj ge;jypny kyh;e;J fplf;fpd;w g{f;fs;. mJ vd;d>
1
7. gpo ,y;yhj Filiaj; bjhl Koatpy;iy. mJ vd;d>
8. kuj;jpw;F kuk; jht[thd;/ Fu=;F my;y. gl;ilj; jPl;oapUg;ghd;/ rhkpahh;
my;y. mJ vd;d>
9. Cisapl;lhYk; Ciur;Rke;J bry;thd;. mJ vd;d>
tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav

7
 63
36 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
2 ngiH
mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk;

bgah; : ,uhrkhh;j;jhz;ld;
jpwd;fs; : ,jHhsh;/ ftpijj; jpwdha;thsh;.
ghpR : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf;
fHfg; ghpR bgw;wth;.
gilg;g[fs; : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs;/ rpwe;j ftpijfisj;
bjhFj;J bfh=;Fnjh; thH;fi
; f vd;Dk; E}y;
gilj;Js;shh;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. gutrk; ? kfpH;r;rpg;bgUf;F 2. J&;o nfl;ly; ? Jf;fk; tprhhpj;jjy;

j 3. jhz;o ? fle;J 4. gHe;jpd;dp ? gHk; cz;Qk;

kp 5. gutp ? tputp 6. tlnfho ? tl vy;iy

H; ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. ehtw;gHj;jpw;F ctikahff; Twg;gLtJ _______
m) gr;ir ,iy M) nfhypf;Fz;L
,) gr;irf;fha;
<) br=;fha; [tpil : M]
2. `Rl;l gH=;fs;~ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLgit _______
m) xl;oa gH=;fs; M) Nlhd gH=;fs;
,) ntfitj;j gH=;fs; <) Rlg;gl;l gH=;fs; [tpil : m]

7 3. `bgauwpah~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

m) bgau + wpah
,) bgah; + mwpah
M) bgah; + uwpah
<) bgau + mwpah [tpil : ,]
4. `kdkpy;iy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
m) kd + kpy;iy M) kdkp + ,y;iy
,) kdk; + kpy;iy <) kdk; + ,y;iy [tpil : <]
 ` f=;fh ` 37

5. `new;W + ,ut[~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) new;W,ut[ M) new;wput[ ,) new;Wut[ <) new;,ut[ [tpil : M]

FWtpdh
1. ehty; kuk; vj;jid jiyKiwahf m=;F epd;wpUe;jJ>
ehty; kuk; ,uz;L jiyKiwahf m=;F epd;wpUe;jJ.
2. rpWth;fSf;F ehty; gHk; fpilf;f cjtpnahh; ahth;>
1. fhf;if
4. bgauwpahg; gitfs;
2. FUtp
5. mzpy;
3. ikdh
6. fhw;W g
rpWtpdh U
1. ehty; kuk; gw;wpa epidt[fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
1. Chpd; tl vy;iyapy; Ie;J tajpy; ghh;j;j nghJk;/ Ik;gJ taijj; jhz;o
t
,g;bghGJ ghh;f;fpd;w nghJk;/ jhj;jhtpd; jhj;jh el;L itj;j ehty; kuk;
mg;gona ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
k;
2. me;j ehty; kuj;jpy; gr;irf;fha;fs; khwp bre;epwkha;g; gGf;Fk; nghJ rpWth;
kd=;fspy; kfpH;r;rp bgh=;Fk;.
3. gsgsf;Fk; gr;ir ,iyfSlf; fUePyf;nfhypf;Fz;Lfs; nghy ehtw;gH=;fs;
fpisfspy; bjh=;Ftijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghnj ehtpy; ePh; CWk;.
1
4. fhf;if/ FUtp/ ikdh/ bgauwpahg; gitfs;/ mzpy;/ fhw;W Mfpd cjph;j;JtpLk;
ehty; gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.
5. j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; ehty;gHk;
bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;.
6. ,utpd; bky;ypa epyh btspr;rj;jpy; gHe;jpd;dp btsthy; Tl;lk; kuj;jpy; gHk;
jpd;dg; gil vLf;Fk;.
7. mg;gh tUk; tiu ehty; ku epHypy; fpspahe;jl;L tpisahLnthk;.new;W
ez;gfy; vd; kfd; tpisahoaJk; ,e;j ehty; ku epHypy;jhd;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. bgU=;fhw;wpy; tPH;e;j kuj;ijf; ftp+h; Vd; ghh;f;f tpUk;gtpy;iy>
1. bgU=;fhw;wpdhy; ehty; kuk; ntnuhL tPH;e;J tpl;;lJ. mjidg; ghh;f;f Ch;kf;fs;
7
gjw;wj;j;py; tpiue;J bry;fpd;wdh;.
2. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt cs;s bghpa kiy nghy me;j ehty; kuk; ftp+h; kdjpy;
epw;gjhy; bgU=;fhw;wpy; tPH;e;j kuj;ij mth; ghh;f;f tpUk;gtpy;iy.
3. me;j kuk; ftp+h; epidtpy; thH;fpd;wJ.
 83
38 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. rpwe;j ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J bfh=;Fnjh; thH;f;if vd;Dk; E}y; gilj;j ftp+h;.
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; M) ftpkzp
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m]
2. uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; vd;Dk; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf; fHfg; ghpR bgw;wth;
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; M) ftpkzp
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m]
3. `bgUthH;t[~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
m) bgU + thH;t[ M) bg + UthH;t[
,) bgUik + thH;t[ <) ngh; + thH;t[ [tpil : ,]

j 4. Chpd; tlnfhoapy; ,Ue;j kuk; _______

m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]

kp 5. jhj;jh el;L itj;j kuk;

H; m) g[spa kuk;
6. bghUj;Jf.
M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]

1. gutrk; ? m) Jf;fk; tprhhpj;jjy;

2. J&;o nfl;ly;; ? M) tputp
3. gutp ? ,) vy;iy
4. nfho ? <) kfpH;r;rpg;bgUf;F
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]

7 7. `br=;fha;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

m) brk;ik + fha;
,) br=; + fha;
M) brk; + fha;
<) br + fha; [tpil : m]
8. ,utpy; gilbaLj;J tUk; gHe;jpd;dp _______
m) btsthy; Tl;lk; M) fhf;iff; Tl;lk;
,) FUtpf; Tl;lk; <) ikdhf; Tl;lk; [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 39

9. ehtw;gH=;fis cjph;j;JtpLtdtw;Ws; gwitfs; my;yhj xd;W _______

m) fhf;if M) FUtp ,) mzpy; <) ikdh [tpil : ,]
10. bgUthH;t[ thH;e;j kuk; _______
m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]
11. new;W ,ut[g; nga;f;fhw;wpy; ntnwhL rha;e;jJ _______
m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]
12. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt khkiy nghd;wJ _______
m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,] g
13. bfhy;ypg;ghit vd;Dk; rpw;wpjiH elj;jpath; U
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld;
,) Rujh
M) ftpkzp
<) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m] t
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. k;
1
1. epykle;ijf;F ,aw;if Nl;oa kzpkFl=;fns _______ tpil : ku=;fs;
_______ gw;wpa epidt[fs; bgUk;ghyhd kdpjh;fspd; cs;s=;fSf;Fs; g[ije;J
2. 
fplf;fpd;wd. tpil : ku=;fs;
3. _______ gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;. tpil : ehty;
4. j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; _______ bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;
tpil : ehty;gHk;
5. mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk; ? vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpath; _______
tpil : uh$khh;jj; hz;ld;

6. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt khkiy nghy epd;wJ _______ tpil : khkuk;

FW tpdh
1. ehty; kuk; njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jf; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
 Chpd; tl vy;iyapy; Ie;J tajpy; ghh;j;j nghJk;/ Ik;gJ taijj; jhz;o
,g;bghGJ ghh;f;fpd;w nghJk;/ jhj;jhtpd; jhj;jh el;L itj;j ehty; kuk; mg;gona
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
7
2. rpWth; kd=;fspy; kfpH;r;rp bgh=;ff; fhuzk; ahJ>
 ehty; kuj;jpy; gr;irf;fha;fs; khwp bre;epwkha;g; gGf;Fk; nghJ rpWth; kd=;fspy;
kfpH;r;rp bgh=;Fk;.
 04
40 ` f=;fh `

3. vg;nghJ ehtpy; ePh; CWk;>

 gsgsf;Fk; gr;ir ,iyfSlf; fUePyf;nfhypf;Fz;Lfs; nghy ehtw;gH=;fs;
fpisfspy; bjh=;Ftijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghnj ehtpy; ePh; CWk;.

4. rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhjf; fhuzk; ahJ>

 fhf;if/ FUtp /ikdh /bgauwpahg; gitfs;/ mzpy;/ fhw;W Mfpd cjph;j;JtpLk;
ehty; gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.

5. j=;iffs; ahUf;fhf ehty; gHk; bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;>

 j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; ehty;gHk;
bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;.

6. ,ut[ neuj;jpy; ehty;kuj;ij nehf;fpg; gilvLj;jJ vJ> Vd;>

 ,utpd; bky;ypa epyh btspr;rj;jpy; gHe;jpd;dp btsthy; Tl;lk; kuj;jpy; gHk;
jpd;dg; gil vLf;Fk;.

j
7. Ch;kf;fs; vjidg; ghh;f;fr; brd;wdh;>
 bgU=;fhw;wpdhy; ehty; kuk; ntnuhL tPH;e;J tpl;;lJ. mjidg; ghh;f;f Ch;kf;fs;

kp gjw;wj;j;py; tpiue;J bry;fpd;wdh;.

8. ftp+h; kdjpy; vd;Wk; epw;gJ vJ>

H;  Fd;Wfspd; eLnt cs;s bghpa kiy nghy me;j ehty; kuk; ftp+h; kdjpy;
vd;Wk;; epw;fpwJ.

rpW tpdh:
1. ftp+h; uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
bgah; : ,uhrkhh;j;jhz;ld;
jpwd;fs; : ,jHhsh;/ ftpijj; jpwdha;thsh;.
ghpR : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf; fHfg; ghpR

7
bgw;wth;.
gilg;g[fs; : 
uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs;/ mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk;/
rpwe;j ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J bfh=;Fnjh; thH;f;if vd;Dk; E}y;
gilj;Js;shh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 41

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. c=;fs; Rw;Wg;g[wj;jpYs;s VnjDk; xU kuk; Fwpj;J tUzidahf Ie;J bjhlh;fs;

vGJf.
gyhkuk;
-- beLbeLD tsh;e;j kuk;/ neh;j;jpahd gyhkuk;
-- Kf;fdpapy; ,uhz;lhk; fdp jU kuk;
-- bgUk;gHk; Rke;jjhy; cd;nkdp ,isj;jnjh>
-- gGkuj;ij eho gutrkha; gwit tUk;
g
-- bfhLf;f Fiwahj mKjRugp kuk; gyhkuk; U
2. c=;fs; gFjpapYs;s ku=;fspd; bgah;fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
t
 ntg;g kuk;/ g[spa kuk;/ murkuk;/ My kuk;/ thiH kuk;/ KU=;if kuk;/ bjd;id
kuk;/gid kuk;/ ghf;F kuk;/ gyh kuk;/ njf;F kuk;/ re;jd kuk;/ mj;jp kuk;/ thif
kuk;/ g[=;f kuk;.
k;
vav
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs;
1
1. ,jak; xU ,ufrpa Ru=;fk;.

2. vz;z=;fs; mHfhdhy; thH;f;if mHfhFk;.

3. ,He;jij kwe;J tpL/ ,Ug;gij ,Hf;fhky; ,Uf;f.

4. kdk; mHfhdhy; thH;f;ifa[k; g{tdk; MFk;.

5. ftiyfs; fditg; nghy kwe;J nghFk;.

vav

7
 24
42 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ciueil
2 cyfk; tpy=;Ffs; cyfk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Mrpa ahidfspy; Mz; ? bgz; ahidfis ntWgLj;JtJ
m) fhJ M) je;jk; ,) fz; <) fhy;efk; [tpil : M]
2. jkpHfj;jpy; g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
m) ntle;jh=;fy; M) nfhoafiu
,) Kz;le;Jiw <) Te;jf; Fsk; [tpil : ,]
3. `fhl;lhW~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

j m) fhL + MW M) fhl;L + MW

kp ,) fhl; + MW <) fhl; + lhW

4. `midj;Jz;zp~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
[tpil : m]

H; m) midj;J + Jz;zp
,) midj; + Jz;zp
M) mid + cz;zp
<) midj;J + cz;zp [tpil : <]
5. `neuk; + Mfp~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) neukhfp M) neuhfp ,) neuk;Mfp <) neh; Mfp [tpil : m]
6. `ntl;il + Moa~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) ntl;ilMoa M) ntl;ilahoa
,) ntl;lho <) ntlho [tpil : M]

7 nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

1. `fhl;od; tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F _______
tpil : g[yp
2. ahidf; Tl;lj;jpw;F xU _______ ahidjhd; jiyik jh=;Fk;.
tpil : bgz;

3. fuofisj; njdPf;fsplkpUe;J fhg;gJ mjd; _______ tpil : mlh;e;j Kofs;

 ` f=;fh ` 43

FW tpdh
1. fhL ? tiuaW.
-- 
kdpjh;fspd; Kaw;rpapd;wp tsh;e;j ku=;fs;/ bro/ bfhofs;/ g[y;/ g[jh;fs;/
g[{r;rpapd=;fs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs; nghd;w gy caph;fspd; thH;tplk; fhlhFk;.
-- ,ilapilna fhl;lhWfSk;/ ePnuhilfSk; ,Uf;Fk;.
-- kdpjdpd; Kjy; ,Ug;gplk; fhL.
2. ahidfs; kdpjh;fis Vd; jhf;FfpwJ Vd;>
-- ahidfs; bghJthf kdpjh;fisj; jhf;Ftjpy;iy.
-- ahidfs; bry;Yk; tHpg;ghijfspy; kdpjh;fs; FWf;fpLk;nghJ/ mth;fisj; g
jhf;Ffpd;wd.
-- nkYk; ahidf;Ff; fz;ghh;itf; Fiwt[/ nfl;Fk; Mw;wYk; nkhg;g Mw;wYk; U
kpFjpahf cs;sJ.
3. fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;> t
gH=;fs;/ njd;/ cjph;e;j kyh;fs;/ fha;fs;/ fdpfs;/ g[w;wPry;/ fiuahd; vd midj;ija[k;
cz;gjhy; fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
k;
4. khdpd; tiffs; rpytw;wpd; bgah;fis vGJf.
1. g[s;spkhd;
rpW tpdh
2. rUFkhd; 3. kpshkhd; 4. btspkhd;
1
1. g[ypfs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;l bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
-- g[ypfs; jdpj;J thGk; ,ay;g[ cilad.
-- xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs; xU g[yp kl;Lnk thGk;. kw;w g[ypfs; me;j
vy;iyf;Fr; bry;yhJ.
-- fUt[w;w g[ypahdJ 90 ehl;fspy; ,uz;L my;yJ @d;W Fl;ofs; tiug;
bgw;bwLf;Fk;.me;jf; Fl;ofis ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; tiu tsh;j;J tUk;.
-- mit ntl;ilahlf; fw;wt[ld; mtw;Wf;fhd vy;iyfisg; gphpj;J mDg;gptpLk;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. fhLfis mHpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fisg; gl;oaypLf.
1. kiH tsk; Fiwa[k;. 2. kz; jhpR epykhf khwptpLk;.
3. fhl;Laphpfs; thH;tplk; mHpa[k;. 4. FoePh;j; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gLk;.
7
5. czt[j; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gLk;. 6. kz; tsk; nrh;fF ; k; Ez;Qaphpfs; mHpa[k.;
7. kz;zhpg;g[ Vw;gLk;. 8. neha; jPh;f;Fk; @ypiffs; mHpa[k;.
9. gUtepiykhWk;. 10. g[tp btg;gkakhFk;.
11. epyj;jo ePh;f;Fiwa[k;.
 44
44 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf;fy;Y}hp mike;j ,lk; _______
m) nkl;Lg;ghisak; M) Fd;D}h;
,) Cl;o <) nfhj;jfphp [tpil : m]

2. jkpH;ehL ntshz; gy;fiyf;fHfk; mike;Js;s ,lk; _______

m) <nuhL M) nfhit ,) ehkf;fy; <) nryk; [tpil : M]

3. jkpH;ehl;oy; ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;bghpa fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk;

m) ntle;jh=;fy; M) nfhoafiu
,) Kz;le;Jiw <) Te;jf; Fsk; [tpil : ,]

4. cyfpy; cs;s ahid tiffs;

j m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) @d;W <) ehd;F

5. Mz; / bgz; Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; je;jk; bfhz;l ahid tif _______
[tpil : M]

kp m) Mg;hpf;f ahid M) Mrpa ahid

H; ,) mbkhpf;f ahid <) jha;yhe;J ahid

6. ehs; xd;Wf;F 250 fpnyh g[y; / ,iy jiHfis czthff; bfhs;Sk; tpy=;F
[tpil : m]

m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : <]

7. nfl;Fk; Mw;wYk; nkhg;g Mw;wYk; kpFjpahf cs;s tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : <]
8. ed;F tsh;e;j fuoapd; vil
m) 160 fp M) 100 fp ,) 106 fp <) 601 fp [tpil : m]
9. jdf;fhd czit ntl;ilahoa gpd;g[ ntW ve;j czita[k; ntl;ilahlhj

7 tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp
10. gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F
<) ahid [tpil : ,]

m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : ,]

11. ,utpy; kl;Lk; ntl;ilahLk; jd;ik bfhz;l tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 45

12. mHfpy; rpwe;j khd; tif

m) g[s;spkhd; M) rUFkhd;
,) kpshkhd; <) btspkhd; [tpil : m]
13. ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; fhl;Lf;F murdhff; Fwpg;gpLk; tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) rp=;fk; [tpil : ,]
14. `epidthw;wy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
m) epid + Mw;wy;
,) epidt[ + Mw;wy;
M) epid + thw;wy;
<) epidt[ + thw;wy; [tpil : ,] g
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. U
1. ,e;jpa tdf;fy;Y}hp mike;j khtl;lk; _________ tpil : nfhit
t
2.

3.
fhl;Ltpy=;Ffspd; ciwtplk; _________

kdpjdpd; Kjy; ,Ug;gplk; _________

tpil : Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk;

tpil : fhL
k;
4. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jpd; gug;gst[_______ tpil : 895 rJukPl;lh;
5. nfhit ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; _________/
_________. tpil : ,sepiy tdtpay;/ KJepiy tdtpay;
1
6. kpFe;j epidthw;wiyf; bfhz;l tpy=;F _______ tpil : ahid

7. ghrk; epiwe;j tpy=;F _________. tpil : ahid

8. ahidf;Ff; fog;gjw;Fj; njitg;gLk; jz;zPhpd; mst[ _________.
tpil : 65 ypl;lh;
9. _________ xU midj;Jz;zp. tpil : fuo

10. fhl;L murd; _________. tpil : rp=;fk;

11. tp+;+hdpfs; vd;w gpwbkhHpr; brhy;ypw;F ,izahd jkpH;r;brhy; _________.

FWtpdh
tpil : mwptpaywp+h; (my;yJ) mwptpayhsh;
7
1. Mjpdp v=;Fr; brd;whs;> vjw;fhfr; brd;whs;>
-- Mjpdp jd; mk;kht[ld; Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jpw;Fr; brd;whs;.
-- f
 hl;L tpy=;Ffs; gw;wpa g[ifg;glj;bjhFg;gpw;Fj; njitahd g[ifg;gl=;fs;
vLg;gjw;fhfr; brd;whs;.
 64
46 ` f=;fh `

2. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; Fwpj;J td mYtyh; TwpaJ ahJ>

-- jkpH;ehl;onyna ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;bghpa fhg;gfk; : Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs;
fhg;gfk;.
-- 895 rJu fpnyh kPl;lh; gug;gst[ bfhz;lJ.
-- ahid / g[yp / rpWj;ij / khd; / fuo / fhl;LkhL nghd;w mhpa tpy=;Ffs;
thH;fpd;wd.
? vd;W Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; Fwpj;J td mYtyh; Twpdhh;.
3. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jy; thGk; mhpa tpy=;Ffs; ahit>
1. ahid 2. g[yp 3. rpWj;ij 4. khd; 5. fuo 6. fhl;LkhL
4. cyfpy; cs;s ahid tiffs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
cyfpy; ,uz;L tifahd ahidfs; cs;sd. mitahtd:
1. Mrpa ahid 2. Mg;gphpf;f ahid
5. Mrpa ahidf;Fk; Mg;gphpf;f ahidf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
1. Mrpa ahid

j Mz;ahidf;Fj; je;jk; cz;L/ bgz; ahidf;Fj; je;jk; ,y;iy.

2. Mg;gphpf;f ahid
kp Mz;/bgz; ahidfs; ,uz;Lf;Fnk je;jk; cz;L.

H; 6. xU fhl;L tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL vJ>

g[ypna xU fhl;L tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPlhFk;.
7. jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf; fy;Y}hp v=;F mike;Js;sJ>
 jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf; fy;Y}hp nfhit khtl;lk; nkl;Lg;ghisaj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
8. tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; ahit> mit v=;Fs;sd>
-- tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; ,sepiy tdtpay; / KJepiy tdtpay; MFk;.
-- nfhit ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; mit fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
9. g[ypiag; gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vdf; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>

7
 jdf;fhd czit ntl;ilahoa gpd;g[ ntW ve;j czita[k; ntl;ilahlhj
tpy=;F. vdnt g[ypiag; gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vd; TWfpd;wdh;.
10. g[ypiaf; fhl;Lf;F murd; vd ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>
-- ePsk;/ cauk;/ gUkd;/ vil/ gyk;/ ntl;ilj; jpwd; Mfpa midj;jpYk;
rp=;fj;ijtpl g[ypna cah;e;jJ.
-- vdnt/ g[ypiaf; fhl;Lf;F murd; vd ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; TWfpd;wdh;.
11. mHfpy; rpwe;j khd; tif vJ>
ek; ehl;oy; cs;s g[s;sp khnd mHfpy; rpwe;jjhFk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 47

12. rp=;f=;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. Mrpar; rp=;fk; 2. Mg;gphpfr; rp=;fk;
13. ahidfs; mof;fo ,lk;bgauf; fhuzk; ahJ>
ahidfs; jz;zPh; kw;Wk; czt[f;fhf,lk;bgah;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.
14. rp=;fk; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpfs; ahit>
-- Mrpar; rp=;fk;/ Mg;gphpf;fr; rp=;fk; vd ,uz;L tifr; rp=;fk; cs;sd.
-- ,e;jpahtpy; F$uhj;jpy; `fph; ruzhyaj;jpy;~ kl;Lnk Mrpar; rp=;f=;fs; cs;sd.
rpW tpdh g
1. ahidfs; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;jij vGJf.
-- ahidfs; vg;nghJk; Tl;lkhfnt thGk;. U
-- Tl;lj;jpw;Fg; bgz; ahid jiyik jh=;Fk;.
t
k;
-- jz;zPh; kw;Wk; czt[f;fhf ahidfs; ,lk;bgah;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.
-- ehs; xd;Wf;F 250 fpnyh g[y;/ ,iy jiHfis czt[k;/ 60 ypl;lh; jz;zPUk;
njitg;gLk;.
-- kpFe;j epidthw;wYk; ghrKk; bfhz;l tpy=;F.
-- fz;ghh;itf; Fiwt[/ nkhg;g Mw;wy; kpFjp.
2. fuo Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpfs; ahit>
1
-- ed;F tsh;e;j fuo 160 fpnyh vil tiu ,Uf;Fk;
-- gH=;fs; kw;Wk; njd; cz;gjw;fhf fuo kuk; VWk;.
-- gH=;fs;/ njd;/ cjph;e;j kyh;fs;/ fha;fs;/ fdpfs;/ g[w;wPry;/ fiuahd; vd
midj;ija[k; cz;gjhy; fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
-- jd; mlh;e;j Kofs; @yk; vjphpfsplk; ,Ue;J jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpf;
bfhs;fpd;wJ.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. tpy=;Ffs; bjhlh;ghd gHbkhHpfisj; jpul;o tUf.
1. ghh;j;jhy; gR/ gha;e;jhy; g[yp
(v.fh.) : g[yp grpj;jhYk; g[y;iyj; jpd;dhJ.
2. rhJ kpuz;lhy; fhL bfhs;shJ.
7
3. ahid tUk; gpd;nd/ kzpnahir tUk; Kd;nd.
4. behz;of; fGijf;Fr; rUf;fpdJ rhf;fhk;.
5. tPl;oy; vyp / btspapy; g[yp.
6. ehag; bghwe;jhYk; ey;yhg; bghwf;fDk;.
 84
48 ` f=;fh `
7. fGijf;Fj; bjhpa[kh fw;g[{u third.
8. ML khL ,y;yhjtd; milkiHf;F uhrh.
9. J}=;fzh=; FUtpf;Ff; Fu=;F g[j;jp brhy;Yr;rhk;.
2. fhl;L tpy=;Ffspd; gl=;fisj; jpul;o glj;bjhFg;g[ cUthf;Ff.

vav
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs;
j
kp 6. rpwe;j g[j;jfk; ey;y ez;gd;.
7. E}yfk; mwp+h;fs; thGk; ,lk;.
H; 8. g[j;jf=;fs; fdt[fis tsh;f;Fk;.
9. tPl;ow;F xU E}yfk; mikg;nghk;.
10. njhy;tp ,Wjp my;y.

vav

7
 ` f=;fh ` 49

,ay; tphpthdk;
2 ,e;jpa tdkfd;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

$hjt;gna=; fhl;il vt;thW cUthf;fpdhh;>

Kd;Diu
 m!;!hk; khepyj;jpd; n$hh;tpuhl; khtl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; $hjt;gna=;. `,e;jpa g
tdkfd;~ vd;W ,th; miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;. gpuk;kg[j;jpuh Mw;wpd; eLnt cs;s
kpfg;bghpa jPtpy; jdJ fod ciHg;ghy; xU fhl;il cUthf;fpdhh;. mjid vg;go U

cUthf;fpdhh;> vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu tpsf;FfpwJ.
kuk; tsh;f;Fk; vz;zk; t
 1979y; gpuk;kg[j;jpuh Mw;wpy; bgUbts;sk; Vw;gl;lJ. ku=;fs; ,y;yhj jPtpy;
ghk;g[fs; fiu xJ=;fpd.rpy ghk;g[fs; ,we;jd. gy ghk;g[fs; btg;gk; jh=;fhky;
capUf;Fg; nghuhof; bfhz;oUe;jJ. ,f;fhl;rp $hjt;gna=;if kpft[k; ghjpj;jJ.
k;

Ch;g; bghpath;fs; `jPtpy; ku=;fs; ,y;yhjJjhd; fhuzk;~ vd;wdh;. mthplk; jPt[
KGtJk; kuk; tsh;f;Fk; vz;zk; njhd;w Muk;gpj;jJ. Ch; kf;fsplk; jPtpy; kuk;
tsh;f;fyhk; vd;W mth; Twpa nghJ/ mjid ahUk; Vw;ftpy;iy.
tplh Kaw;rp
1
 $hjt;gna=; jPtpy; tpijfis tpijf;fj; bjhl=;fpdhh;. ed;F guhkhpj;jhh;.
Mdhy; mitfs; Kisf;ftpy;iy. tdj;Jiw mwpt[Wj;jyhy; @=;fpy;
ku=;fis tsh;f;fj; bjhl=;fpdhh;. mit ed;F tsu Muk;gpj;jJ. mth; kpFe;j
kfpH;r;rpaile;jhh;.@=;fpiyj; jtpu ntW ve;j kuKk; ,j;jPtpy; tsutpy;iy.
mrhk; ntshz; gy;fiyf;fHfg; nguhrphpah; $hJehj; mth;fspd; mwpt[Wj;jypd;go
kz;g[Gt[ld; rptg;g[f; fl;blWk;ig mj;jPt[ kz;zpy;tpl;lhh;. rpwpJ rpwpjhf
kz;zpd; jd;ik khwp gRk;g[y;Yk; ku=;fSk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpd.
g[jpa fhL cUthdJ
 ku=;fspy; tpise;j gH=;fis cz;L/ mjd; bfhl;ilfis tpijahfr;
nrkpj;J itj;J tpijj;jhh;. fhy;eilfis tsh;j;J mjd; rhz=;fis ku=;fSf;F
cukhf;fpdhh;. kiH bga;ahj fhy=;fspy; ghid bghpa @=;fpy; Jiz bfhz;L
brhl;L brhl;lhf ePhpid ku=;fSf;Ftpl;lhh;. ku=;fs; bgUfp tsh;e;J/ mj; jPt[
bgU=;fhlhdJ.ahidfs;/ ghk;g[fs;/ fGFfs;/ fhz;lhkpUf=;fs;/ g[ypfs; Kjypa
fhl;L tpy=;Ffs; tuj;bjhl=;fpd.
7
Kot[iu
 $hjt;gna=; nghy ehKk; fhl;il cUthf;f Kay;nthk;. mjw;F milahskhf
ek; tPl;ilr; Rw;wp ku=;fis el;L/ mit ed;F tsUk; tiu fhf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa
tdkfd; tHpapy; ehKk; bry;nthk;.
kuk; tsh;g;nghk; - kiH bgWnthk;-fhl;oid cUthf;Fnthk;-
 05
50 ` f=;fh `

,ay; fw;fz;L
2 ehy;tiff;FWf;f=;fs;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. ntl;if vd;Dk; brhy;ypy; Ifhuf; FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[ _______
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) ,uz;L [tpil : M]

2. kfuf; FWf;fk; ,lk;bgwhj brhy; _______

m) nghd;k; M) kUz;k;
,) gHk; tpGe;jJ <) gzk; fpilj;jJ [tpil : <]
3. brhy;ypd; Kjypy; kl;Lnk ,lk; bgWtJ _______
j m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk;

kp ,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : M]

H; FW tpdh
1. xsfhuk; vg;nghJ KGikahf xypf;Fk;>
 xs/ bts vd xsitfhu vGj;J/ jdpj;J tUk; ,l=;fspy; jd;Dila ,uz;L
khj;jpiuapy; KGikahf xypf;Fk;.
2. brhy;ypd; Kjy;/ ,il/ fil Mfpa ,l=;fspy; Ifhuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu
mst[ ahJ>
Ifhuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu
Kjy; ? 11/2 khj;jpiu

7 ,il
fil
?
?
1 khj;jpiu
1 khj;jpiu
3. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpw;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
1. tyk; te;jhd;
2. nghd;k;
 ` f=;fh ` 51

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.

1. @tpl=;fspYk; FWFk; FWf;fk;_______
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : m]

2. brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk FWFk; FWf;fk;

m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk; g
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
3. itak;/ rikay;/ gwit Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
[tpil : M]
U
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk; t
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
4. xsitahh;/ btsthy; Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
[tpil : m]
k;
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk;
M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk;
<) Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
5. brhy;ypd; ,ilapYk; filapYk; tuhj FWf;fk;
[tpil : M]
1
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : M]

6. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpd; khj;jpiuast[
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : <]

7. Ma;jf;FWf;fj;jpd; khj;jpiuast[
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : <]

8. bka;baGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[

m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu
9. caph;f;Fwpy; bgWk; khj;jpiuast[
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu
<) fhy;

<) fhy;
[tpil : m]

[tpil : M]
7
10. caph;f;beoy; bgWk; khj;jpiuast[
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) ,uz;L [tpil : <]
 25
52 ` f=;fh `

11. tyk; te;jhd;/ nghd;k;/ kUz;k; Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : ,]

12. KBOJ/ fBwPJ Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;

m) Ifhuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : <]

13. bghUj;Jf.
1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; ? m) xsitahh;/btsthy;
2. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; ? M) tyk; te;jhd;
3. kfuf;FWf;fk; ? ,) KBOJ / fBwPJ
4. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; ? <) rikay;/gwit
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,

j ,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]

kp
14. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; ,lk; bgwhj brhy;
m) mBJ M) KBOJ ,) fBwPJ <) gBWsp [tpil : m]

H; 15. bghUe;jhjtw;iwf; fz;lwpf.

1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; ? xd;wiu kw;Wk; xU khj;jpiu
2. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; ? ,uz;L khj;jpiu
3. kfuf;FWf;fk; ? fhy; khj;jpiu
4. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; ? fhy; khj;jpiu [tpil : 2]

nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

1. rpy ,l=;fspy; jd;Dila khj;jpiuast[ Fiwe;J xypg;git _______

7
tpil : FWf;f=;fs;
2. `I~ vd;w vGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[ _______ tpil : ,uz;L

3. mk;kh/ ghlk; goj;jhd; Mfpa brhw;fspy; kfu bka;baGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[

_______ tpil : miu

4. _______ brhy;ypd; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; thuhJ. tpil : xsfhuk;

5. Ma;jk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; Fiwe;J xypg;gJ _______ tpil : Ma;jf;FWf;fk;.

 ` f=;fh ` 53

FWtpdh
1. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
 xsfhuk; jd; ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J
xypg;gJ xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. ]brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk;.
rhd;W: xsitahh; / btsthy;
2. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
 Ifhuk; jd; ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J
xypg;gJ Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. brhy;Yf;F Kjy; / ,il / fil Mfpa
,l=;fspy; FWFk;.
g
rhd;W: irtk; / rikay; U
3. kfuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
 kfuk; jd; miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypg;gJ
t
kfuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: tyk; te;jhd;
k;
4. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
 Ma;jk; jd; miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypg;gJ
Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
1
rhd;W: fw;wPJ.

fw;giw fw;wgpd;
1. Ifhu/ xsfhu/ kfu/ Ma;jf;FWf;f=;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mika[k; brhw;fisj;
bjhFj;bjGJf.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
Ifhuf;FWf;fk; xsfhuf;FWf;fk; kfuf;FWf;fk; Ma[jf;FWf;fk;
Ik;gJ xsljk; jUk; tz;o fBwPJ

7
kilad; xsit tUk; tstd; g BwPJ
jiytd; bfsjhhp tUk; tz;o KBOJ
fliy bfshp nghd;k; gBWsp
Ith; bjsyP!;tuk; kUz;k; gBbwhil
Ie;J xstpak; jUk; tstd; gBwhHpir
gilay;
xsjrpak; bgWk; tzpfd;
til
xsjh
jil
xst[jy;
gil
 45
54 ` f=;fh `

bkhHpia MH;nthk;
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.
fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk;-
 midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;.fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk;- vd;gijg; gw;wp rpy
epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. xU ehl;L tsk; vg;go Kot[ bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ vd;why;/
me;j ehl;oy; cs;s ePh; tsk;/ epy tsk;/ bjhHpy; tsk; Mfpait bfhz;L jhd;
fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wJ. ePh; tsj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; kiH. kiHapdhy; kl;Lnk ePh;
tsj;ijg; bgUf;f Koa[k;. me;j kiHf;F mog;gilf; fuhzk; fhLfs;jhd;. fhLfs;
,y;iybad;why; ePh; tsk; ehl;oy; ,y;iy.fhLfSk; fhl;LaphpfSk; epytskhfpa
kz;tsj;ij nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.epyKk; ePUk; bgUftpy;iy vd;why; ehl;od;
bjhHpy; tsk; fpilahJ. vdnt fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk; vd;W Twp epiwt[
bra;fpd;nwd;. ed;wp.
fhl;od; gad;fs;
 midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;.fhl;od; gad;fs; vd;gijg; gw;wp rpy epkpl=;fs;
ngRfpd;nwd;. fhl;od; gad;fs; xd;wy;y. ,uz;ly;y.mit gythFk;.tpy=;Ffs;/

j gwitfs;/ g[{r;rpfs;/ Ez;Qaphpfs;/ Ch;td Mfpa vz;zw;w caphpfSf;F

czita[k; ciwtplj;ija[k; jUtJ fhnl. caph;tspia mjpfkhf cw;gj;jp bra;J

kp bfhLf;fpd;wJ. kiH tsj;ijg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. kz;izg; gz;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

FoePh; jl;Lg;ghl;ilg; nghf;Fk;. czt[g;bgUf;fk; Vw;gLk;.gUtepiy rPuila[k;.

H; kz;zhpg;g[ jLf;fg;gLk;.epyj;jo ePh; kl;lj;ijg; bgUf;Fk;.g[tp btg;gkakhjiyj;

jLf;Fk;. vdnt fhl;od; gad; mwpe;J fhLfs; tsh;g;nghk; vd;W Twp epiwt[
bra;fpd;nwd;.ed;wp.
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;
ghy; Ie;J
mBwpiz cah;jpiz
tifg;gLk;
1. Mz;ghy; xd;wd;ghy; gytpd;ghy; Mz;ghy; bgz;ghy; gyh;ghy;
2. bgz;ghy; xd;iwf; xd;Wf;F Xh; Mizf; Xh; xd;Wf;F
3. gyh;ghy; Fwpg;gJ nkw;gl;ltw;iwf; Fwpg;gJ bgz;izf; nkw;gl;lth;fisf;
Fwpg;gJ

7
4. gytpd;ghy; xd;wd; ghy; Fwpg;gJ gytpd; Mz;ghy Fwpg;gJ gyh; ghy;
5. xd;wd;ghy; ghy; bgz;ghy;
rhd;W: rhd;W: rhd;W: rhd;W: rhd;W:
fy;/ gR kz; g[Gf;fs; khztd; Mjpdp khzth;fs;
gRf;fs; bry;td; khztp kf;fs;

vjph;g;ghYf;Fhpa bgah;fis vGJf.

1. kfsph; x Mlth; 2. murd; x murp 3. bgz; x Mz;
4. khztd; x khztp 5. rpWtd; x rpWkp 6. njhHp x njhHd;
 ` f=;fh ` 55

glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ghiy vGJf

xd;wd; ghy; Mz;ghy; xd;wd; ghy;

g
U
t
bgz;ghy; gyh;ghy; gytpd; ghy;
k;
gpiHiaj; jpUj;jpr; rhpahf vGJf.
(v.fh) : fz;zfp rpyk;g[ mzpe;jhd;.
tpil : fz;zfp rpyk;g[ mzpe;jhs;.
1
1 nfhtyd; rpyk;g[ tpw;fg; nghdhs;. nfhtyd; rpyk;g[ tpw;fg; nghdhd;.
2 murh;fs; ey;yhl;rp bra;jhh;. murh;fs; ey;yhl;rp bra;jdh;.
3 gR fd;iw <d;wd. gR fd;iw <d;wJ.
4 nkf=;fs; NH;e;J bfhz;lJ. nkf=;fs; NH;e;J bfhz;ld.
5 FHyp eldk; MoaJ. FHyp eldk; Modhs;.

fojk; vGJf.
eP=;fs; brd;W te;j Rw;Wyh Fwpj;J c=;fs; ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
ez;gDf;Ff; fojk;
23/ bghpahh; tPjp/
nryk; ? 3.
10.6.2019.
MUaph; ez;gh-
7
 cd; md;g[ ez;gd; vGJk; fojk;.ehDk; vd; FLk;gj;jhUk; kpFe;j eyj;Jld;
,Uf;fpd;nwhk;. ePa[k; cd; FLk;gj;jhUk; eykh>v=;fs; gs;spapy; fle;j thuk;
kJiuf;Fr; Rw;Wyh miHj;Jr; brd;whh;fs;.m=;Fr; brd;w mDgtj;ij cd;Dld;
gfph;e;Jbfhs;s tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.kJiu vd;why; ,dpik vd;gijg; ghlE}ypy; jhd;
goj;jpUf;fpd;nwd;.m=;Fr; brd;wnghJ jhd; me;j ,dpikia czh;e;njd;.
 65
56 ` f=;fh `
 kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; nfhtpYf;Fr; brd;nwd;. m=;F vt;tst[ EQf;fkhd
fiyEl;gk; bjhpa[kh> fhzf; fz; nfho ntz;Lk; ez;gh- FkuFUguhpd;
kPdhl;rpak;ikg; gps;isj; jk;pH;g;ghly;fs; fy;btl;Lfspy; m=;Fr; brJf;fp
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.gpd;dh; ehaf;fh; kfhYf;Fr; brd;nwhk;. m=;Fs;s xt;bthU J}
Qk; fijfs; gy brhy;Yk;. m=;Fs;s ehl;oa mu=;F kpft[k; bghypt[ld; cs;sJ.
kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf; fHfk; brd;nwhk;.m=;Fs;s E}yfj;ijf; fz;L tpae;J
jkpH;r;r=;fnk - ,Jnth> vd;W epidj;njd;.mLj;j thuk; nehpy; tUk; nghJ ,d;Dk;
tpsf;fkhff; TWfpd;nwd;.md;g[ld; Kof;fpd;nwd;.thH;f tsKld;.
,g;gof;F
caph; ez;gd;/
g. ,s=;fjph;
ciwnky; Kfthp
bgWeh;
r.fjputd;/
34/g[Jf; fhydp/

j fqh;?3

kp bkhHpnahL tpisahL

H; tl;lj;jpYs;s vGj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

1. g[ijay; 2. ,ay; 3. fay; 4. g[ay; 5. fly;

7
6. ijay; 7. g[y; 8. fy;
brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fs; mikf;f.
thiH japh; TL
9. ,y;iy

jply;
10. ,ay;g[

ghl;L
FUtp bfha;ah nrhW gHk; gwit
tpisahl;L Tl;lk; mtiu nghl;o fha'
(v.fh) : thiH + fha; ? thiHf;fha;
 ` f=;fh ` 57

1. FUtp + TL ? FUtpf;TL
2. tpisahl;L + jply; ? tpisahl;Lj; jply;
3. japh; + nrhW ? japh;r; nrhW
4. bfha;ah + gHk; ? bfha;ahg; gHk;
5. tpisahl;L + nghl;o ? tpisahl;Lg;nghl;o
6. mtiu + fha; ? mtiuf;fha;
tpLfijf;F tpil vGJf.
1. kuk; tpl;L kuk; jut[ntd;" Fu=;F my;y. g
tise;j thYz;L" g[yp my;y
bfhl;ilfisf; bfhwpg;ngd;" fpsp my;y. U
KJfpy; @d;W nfhLfis cilatd;. ehd; ahh;>................. tpil : mzpy;
t
2. vd; bgah; @d;W vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;lJ.
KjbyGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; kiwg;ngd;. k;
1
,uz;lhk; vGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; Fiug;ngd;.
@d;whk; vGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; Fjpg;ngd;. ehd; ahh;>................... tpil : Fjpiu
3. bts;isaha; ,Ug;ngd;. ghy; my;y.
kPd; gpog;ngd;" J}z;oy; my;y
jtkpUg;ngd;" Kdptuy;y ehd; ahh;>.................. tpil : bfhf;F

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;

jPt[ ? Island ctik ? Parable

,aw;if tsk; ? Nature Resource fhL ? Jungle
td tpy=;Ffs; ? Wild Animals tdtpay; ? Forestry
tdg; ghJfhtyh; ? Forest Conservator gy;Yaph;kz;lyk;? Bio Diversity

vav
7
 85
58 ` f=;fh `

,ay; thH;tpay;
2 jpUf;Fws;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
1. Vjpyhh; Fw;wk;nghy; jk;Fw;wk; fhz;fpw;gpd;
jPJz;nlh kd;Dk; caph;f;F.
2. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ahbjdpd; ahbjhd;Wk;
jPik ,yhj brhyy;.
3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;
cs;sj;Js; vy;yhk; csd;.
4. ,aw;wYk; <l;lYk; fhj;jYk; fhj;j
tFj;jYk; ty;yJ muR.

j E}y; : jpUf;Fws;

kp Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;

H; Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;
fhyk; : 2000 Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lth;
ntWbgah;fs; : bre;ehg;nghjhh;/ bgha;apy;g[yth;/ Kjw;ghtyh;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :

7
mGf;fhwhik ? bghwhik bfhs;shik Vjpyhh; ? gpwh;
mGf;fhW ? bghwhik g[{hpahh; ? ,Hpe;jth;
Mf;fk; ? bry;tk; tha;ik ? cz;ik
nfL ? tWik brt;tpahd; ? rhd;nwhh;
 ` f=;fh ` 59

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;f.

1. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ?????????
m) md;ghfg;ngRjy; M) jP=;Fjuhj brhw;fisg; ngRjy;
,) jkpHpy; ngRjy; <) rj;jkhfg; ngRjy; [tpil : M]
2. ???????? bry;tk; rhd;nwhh;fshy; Muhag;gLk;.
m) kd;dd; M) bghwhik ,y;yhjtd;
g
,) bghwhik cs;std; <) bry;te;jd;
3. `bghUl;bry;tk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ?????????
[tpil : ,]
U
m) bghU + bry;tk; M) bghUl; + bry;tk; t
,) bghUs; + bry;tk; <) bghUk; + bry;tk;
4. `ahbjdpd;;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ?????????
[tpil : ,]
k;
1
m) ah + vdpd; M) ahJ + bjdpd;
,) ah + bjdpd; <) ahJ + vdpd; [tpil : <]
5. ahJ + vdpd; vd;w brhy;iyr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
m) jd;be+;R M) jd;bd+;R ,) jhbd+;R <) jbd+;R [tpil : M]
6. jPJ + cz;nlh vd;w brhy;iyr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
m) jPJz;nlh M) jPJcz;nlj
,) jPjpz;nlh <) jPa[z;nlh [tpil : m]
7. rpwe;j murpd; gzpfis thpirg;gLj;Jf. tpil
m) bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;. 1. M) bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;.
M) bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;. 2. <) bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.

7
,) nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy; 3. ,) nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy;
4. m) bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;.
<) bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.

FW tpdh
1. vg;nghJ jd;be+;nr jd;id tUj;Jk;>
 xUth; jd; kdk; mwpa bgha;brhy;yf; TlhJ. mt;thW Twpdhy; mth; kdnk
mtiur; RLk;.
 06
60 ` f=;fh `

2. thGk; bewp ahJ>

xUth; jd; kdj;jpy; bghwhik ,y;yhJ xGf;f bewpnahL thH ntz;Lk;.
3. cyfj;jhh; cs;s=;fspy; vy;yhk; ,Ug;gtd; ahh;>
 cs;sj;jpy; bgha;apy;yhky; thH;gth;/ cyfj;jhh; cs;s=;fspy; vy;yhk; ,Ug;gth;
Mth;.
fPH;fhQk; brhw;fisf; bfhz;L jpUf;Fws; mikf;f.
bghUl;bry;tk; vy;yhk; g{hpahh; bry;tj;Js;
fz;Qk; mUl;bry;tk; cs brtpr;brhy;
mr;bry;tk; jiy bry;tk; ???????
tpil :
1. mUl;bry;tk; bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; bghUl;bry;tk;
g[{hpahh; fz;Qk; cs.

j 2. bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; brtpr;bry;tk; mr;bry;tk;

bry;tj;Js; vy;yhk; jiy.

kp gpd;tUk; gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

H;
 mwtHp vd;wt[ld; ek; epidt[f;F tUgth; njrj;je;ij fhe;jpaofs;. mth; jk;
rpW tajpy; `mupr;re;jpud;~ ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j;jhh;. mjpy; mupr;re;jpud; vd;Dk; kd;dh;
`bgha; ngrhik~ vd;Dk; mwj;ij vj;jif NH;epiyapYk; jtwhky; filg;gpoj;jhh;.
,e;j ehlfj;ijf; fz;l fhe;jpaofs; jhKk; bgha; ngrhikiaf; filg;gpof;f
ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp g{z;lhh;. mjidj; jk; thH;ehs; KGtJk; gpd;gw;wpdhh;.
,g;gz;ng fhe;jpaofs; vy;yhh; ,jaj;jpYk; ,lk; gpof;ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
1. xGf;fhwhf; bfhs;f xUtd;jd; be+;rj;J
mGf;fhW ,yhj ,ay;g[.
2. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ahbjdpd; ahbjhd;Wk;

7 jPik ,yhj brhyy;.

3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;
cs;sj;Js; vy;yhk; csd;.
tpil : 3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;
cs;sj;Js; vy;yhk; csd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 61

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

1. Kg;ghy;/ bgha;ah bkhHp/ bja;t E}y; nghd;w gpwbgah;fspy; miHf;fg;gLk; E}y;
m) jpUf;Fws; M) Vyhjp
,) jphpfLfk; <) Mrhuf;nfhit  [tpil : m]

2. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;j bkhj;j Fwl;ghf;fs;

m) 133 M) 1330 ,) 70 <) 38 [tpil : M] g
3. jpUf;Fws; gFg;g[
[tpil : m]
U
m) @d;W
4. bghUj;Jf
M) ehd;F ,) xd;gJ <) 133
t
1. mGf;fhW ? m) bry;tk;
2. Mf;fk; ? M); bghwhik
k;
3. nfL ? ,) gpwh;
4. Vjpyhh; ? <) tWik
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
1
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]

5. bghUj;Jf
1. g[{hpahh; ? m) ,Hpe;jth;
2. tha;ik ? M) rhd;nwhh;
3. brt;tpahd; ? ,) cz;ik
4. jPJ ? <) Fw;wk;
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?<

m) tha;ik
<) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? <
6. jP=;F juhj brhw;fisr; brhy;Yjy; ???????
M) mUs;
[tpil : <]
7
,) mGf;fhwhik <) ,iwkhl;rp [tpil : m]
 26
62 ` f=;fh `

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. xUth; _________ bgha; brhy;yf; TlhJ. tpil : be+;rwpa
2. mt;tpa be+;rj;jhd; _________ brt;tpahd;. tpil : Mf;fKk;
3. jd; Fw;wk; fhz;gtUila thH;tpy; _______ ,y;iy. tpil : Jd;gk;
4. rpwe;j bry;tk; _________ tpil : mUl;bry;tk;
5. jd;bd+;R mwptJ _________. tpil : bgha;aw;f
FW tpdh:
1. brt;tpahd; nfL epidf;fg;gLk; vg;nghJ>
 bghwhik bfhz;ltUila bry;tk;/ bghwhik ,y;yhjtUila tWik
rhd;nwhuhy; Muhag;gLk;.
2. vg;nghJ thH;tpy; Jd;gk; ,y;iy>
 gpwUila Fw;wj;ijf; fhz;gJ nghy jd; Fw;wj;ijf; fhz;gtUf;FthH;tpy;
j Jd;gk; ,y;iy.

kp 3. vg;nghJ g[w=; TWjy; TlhJ>

 neUf;F neh; epd;W fLikahd brhw;fisr; brhd;dhYk; brhy;yyhk. Mdhy;/

H; mth; ,y;yhj nghJ g[w=;Twy; TlhJ.

4. mUl;bry;tk; / bghUl;bry;tk; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; TWtJ>
1. bry;t=;fSs; rpwe;jJ mUl;bry;tk;
2. bghUl;bry;tk; ,Hpe;jthplj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
rpW tpdh
rpwe;j murpd; bray;fs; ahit>
1. bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;.
2. bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.

7 3. nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy;

4. bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;.
? Mfpad rpwe;j murpd; bray;fs; MFk;.

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 63

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
,ay; ? ,uz;L
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4

1. fhbly;yhk; ? vd;w brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ

m) fhL + vy;yhk;
,) fh + bly;yhk;
M) fhL + bly;yhk;
<) fhd; + vy;yhk;
g
2. ehty; gHj;jpw;F ctikahff; Twg;gl;lJ ??????? U
m) gr;ir ,iy
,) gr;irf;fha;
M) nfhypf;Fz;L
<) br=;fha;
t
3. jkpHfj;jpy; g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk; ??????? k;
1
m) ntle;jh=;fy;; M) nfhoaf;fiu
,) Kz;le;Jiw <) Te;jd; Fsk;
4. kfuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[
m) xd;W M) miu ,) fhy; <) ,uz;L
II. FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. fhl;od; gad;fshff; ftp+h; Rujh ciug;gd ahit>
6. khdpd; tiffs; rpytw;iwf; TWf.
7. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpw;Fr; rhd;Wfs; jUf.
III. rpW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
8.fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjp vd;W Vd; miHf;fpd;nwhk;>
9.fuofs; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpia vGJf.
IV. fojk; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. eP=;fs; brd;W te;j Rw;Wyh Fwpj;J c=;fs; ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
7
vav
 46
64 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
3 ngiH g[yp j=;fpa Fif

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
rpw;wpy; ew;W}z; gw;wp epd;kfd;
ahz;L csndh vdtpdt[jp vd;kfd;
ahz;Lcsd; MapDk; mwpnad; XUk;
g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy
<d;w tapnwh ,Jnt
njhd;Wtd; khnjh nghh;f;fsj; jhnd
E}y; : g[wehD}W

j Mrphpah; : fhtw;bgz;L

kp fhtw;bgz;L :
-- r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;
H; -- nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jha;
-- gilg;g[ : g[wehD}w;wpy; xU ghly;

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. rpw;wpy; ? rpW tPL 2. fy; mis ? fw;Fif 3. ahz;L ? v=;nf tapW.
4. <d;w tapW ? bgw;bwLj;j 5. Foy; ? tPL

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

7 rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. `ahz;L~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; _______
m) vdJ M) v=;F ,) vt;tst[ <) vJ [tpil : M]

2. `ahz;Lsndh>~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) ahz;L + csndh> M) ahz; + csndh>
,) ah + csndh> <) ahz;L + cndh> [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 65

3. `fy; + mis~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) fy;yis M) fy;mis ,) fyyis <) fy;Yis [tpil : m]

FW tpdh
1. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpwhh;>
jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ia ctikahff; TWfpwhh;.
rpW tpdh
1. jk; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
-- rpwpa vd; tPl;oYs;s J}izg; gw;wpf; bfhz;L / vJt[k; bjhpahjts; nghy eP
g
`cd; kfd; v=;nf>~ vd;W vd;idf; nfl;fpd;wha;.
-- mtd; v=;F ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;W vdf;Fj; bjhpahJ. Mdhy; `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~
U
nghd;W mtidg; bgw;w tapW vd;dplk; cs;sJ.
t
-- mtd; ,=;F ,y;iy Mdhy; nghh;f;fsj;jpy; ,Uf;fyhk;. ngha;f; fhz;ghahf-
? vd;W jd; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpdhs;. k;
1
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jha; jd; tapw;iwg; g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w FifnahL xg;gpLtJ Vd;>
-- g[yp kpFe;j typikahdJ/ RWRWg;ghdJ/ jd;dk;gpf;if kpf;fJ/ tPuk; kpFe;jJ.
-- mijg; nghy tPuk; kpf;ftd; kfd;.
-- 
,Us; epiwe;j Fifapy; g[yp ,Ug;gJ nghy;/ ,Us; epiwe;j tPuk; kpf;f
fUtiwapy; jd; kfd; cw=;fp tsh;e;jhd;.
-- 
g[yp Fifia tpl;L ntl;ilf;Fr; bry;tJ nghy gifth;fis
ntl;ilahLtjw;F kfd; nghh;f;fsk; brd;W ,Uf;fpd;whd;.
-- mjdhy; jha; jd; tapw;iwg; g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w FifnahL xg;gpLfpwhh;.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jhahf tps=;fpath _______
m) xsitahh;
,) fhtw;bgz;L
M) xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh;
<) btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; [tpil : ,]
7
2. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W _______
m) g[wehD}W M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) jpUf;Fws; <) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil [tpil : m]
 66
66 ` f=;fh `

3. j
 kpH;kf;fspd; thH;fi
; f Kiw/ ehfhpfk;/ gz;ghL/ tPuk; Kjypatw;iw btspg;gLj;Jk; E}y;
m) g[wehD}W M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) FWe;bjhif [tpil : m]

4. nfhg;bgU ew;fps;sp _______ kd;dd;.

m) nru M) nrhH ,) ghz;oa <) gy;yt [tpil : M]

5. fhtw;bgz;L ghoa ghly; mike;j E}y; _______

m) g[wehD}W M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) FWe;bjhif [tpil : m]

6. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.

m) fhtw;bgz;L ? bgz;ghw; g[yth;
M) fhtw;bgz;L ? r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
,) fhtw;bgz;L ? g[wehD}w;wpy; ghly; ghodhh;
[tpil : <]
j
<) fhtw;bgz;L ? nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; jha;
7. bghUj;Jf.

kp 1. rpw;wpy; ? m. fw;Fif

H;
2. fy; mis ? M. rpW tPL
3. ahz;L ? ,. bgw;bwLj;j
4. <d;w tapW ? <. v=;nf
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]

8. `g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy` ? ,jpy; `Fif~ vd;Dk; bghUs;

m) nrh;e;J M) nghfpa ,) mis <) nghy [tpil : ,]

9. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.

7 m) ,y; ? tPL
,) <d;w ? bgw;w
10. rhpahd brhw;bwhliuj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
M) mis ? Fif
<) ahz;L ? ,=;nf [tpil : <]

m) md;idna- cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;>

M) cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;>md;idna-
,) v=;F md;idna cd; kfd; cs;shd;>
<) cd; kfd; v=;Fmd;idna cs;shd;> [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 67

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f

1. `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;jg; ghliy vGjpath;_______
tpil : fhtw;bgz;L

2. jkpHh;fs; gH=;fhyk; bjhl;nl _______/ _______ rpwe;J tps=;fpdh;.

tpil : fy;tpapYk;/ tPuj;jpYk;

3. ehl;ilf;fhf;f _______ bry;tJ Kjw;flik. tpil : nghh;f;fsk;

4. fy;tpapy; njh;rr; pak ; g[yth; _____. tpil : fhtw;bgz;L

[ ; ftpghLk; Mw;wYk; kpff g
5. `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;jg; ghly; g[wehD}w;wpy; _______tJ U
ghly;.
FW tpdh
tpil : 86
t
1. fhtw;bgz;L ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;.
k;
-- nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jha;.
-- gilg;g[ : g[wehD}w;wpy; xU ghly;.
-- fy;tpapy; njh;r;rpa[k; ftpghLk; Mw;wYk; kpf;f g[yth; ,th;.
1
2. g[wehD}W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W : g[wehD}W
-- ,
 J gz;ilj; jkpH;kf;fspd; thH;f;if Kiw/ ehfhpfk;/ gz;ghL/ tPuk;.
Kjypatw;iw btspg;gLj;Jk; E}y;
3. g[ythplk; bgz; tpdtpaJ ahJ >
md;idna - cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;> vd;W g[ythplk; bgz; tpdtpdhs;.
4. `g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy~ bjhlh; bghUs; ahJ>
bghUs; : g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w Fif nghy;
5. jd; kfd; v=;F ,Uf;ff; TLk; vd;W g[yth; TWfpd;whh;>
jd; kfd; nghh;f;fsj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; TLk; vd;W g[yth; TWfpd;whh;.
7
 86
68 ` f=;fh `

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;fspd; bgah;fis mwpe;J vGJf.

1. m
 +;rpmj;ij kfs; 11. fhtw;bgz;L 21. beLk;gy;ypaj;ij
ehifahh; 12. +kpHp+hyshh; 22. ghhpkfsph;
2. m+;rpy; m+;rpahh;
13. Fsk;ghjhadhh; 23. g[{=;fz; cj;jpiuahh;
3. ms;Ah; ed;Ky;iyahh;
14. Fwkfs; ,sbtapdp 24. bgU=;nfhg;bgz;L
4. Mjp ke;jpahh;
15. Fwkfs; Fwpbaapdp 25. ef;fz;izahh;
5. Cd; gpj;ij
6. xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh; 16. Fd;wpadhh; 26. nga;kfs; ,sbtapdp
7. fr;rpg;ngl;L 17. jha=;fz;zpahh; 27. bghd;kzpahh;
ed;dhifahh; 18. ef;fz;zpahh; 28. bghd;Koahh;
8. fHhh;fPud; vapw;wpahh; 19. ey;bty;ypahh; 29. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh;
9. fhf;ifg; ghodpahh;
20. ed;dhifahh; 30. bts;sptPjpahh;

j 10.fhkf;fz;zpg;
griyahh;.

kp 2. 
gz;ilf;fhyg; nghh;f;fUtpfs; rpytw;wpd; glk; tiue;J mtw;wpd; bgah;fis
vGJf.

H;

nty; ths; <l;o tpy;

7 vav
 ` f=;fh ` 69

,ay; ftpijg;
3 ngiH gh+;ir tsk;

bjhFg;ghrphpah;
: eh.thdkhkiy
E}y; : tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;K fijg;ghly;
fhyk; : 1917 ? 1980
Mh;tk;
: ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghly;fs;/ gHbkhHpfs; nrfhpj;J
bjhFg;g[ E}y; btspaPL
g
Ch; : jpUbey;ntyp eh=;Fnehp
gilg;g[fs; : jkpHh; tuyhWk; gz;ghLk;/ jkpHh; ehl;Lg;
U
ghly;fs;/ caphpd; njhw;wk;/ Kj;Jg;gl;ld;
fij Kjypad.
t
k;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
Nud;
bghf;fp&k;
? tPud;
? bry;tk;
thuzk;
ghp
rh!;jp ? kpFjp rp=;fhuk; ?mHF
? ahid
? Fjpiu 1
tp!;jhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[ fKF ? ghf;F

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Ch;tyj;jpd; Kd;dhy; _______ mire;J te;jJ.
m) njhuzk; M) thduk; ,) thuzk; <) re;jdk; [tpil : ,]
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; _______ ehia tpul;oLk;.
m) Kay; M) ehp ,) ghp
3. bkj;ij tPL vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ _______
m) bkj;ij tphpf;fg;gl;l tPL
<) g[yp

M) gLf;ifaiw cs;s tPL

[tpil : m]

7
,) nkl;Lg;gFjpapy; cs;s tPL <) khotPL [tpil : <]

4. `g[{l;L=;fjt[fs;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) g[{l;L + fjt[fs; M) g[{l;Lk; + fjt[fs;
,) g[{l;od; + fjt[fs; <) g[{l;oa + fjt[fs; [tpil : M]
 07
70 ` f=;fh `

5. `njhuznkil~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) njhuzk; + nkil M) njhuz + nkil
,) njhuzk; + xil <) njhuzk; + Xil [tpil : m]

6. thry; + my=;fhuk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______

m) thry;mt=;fhuk; M) thry=;fhuk;
,) thryy=;fhuk; <) thryp=;fhuk; [tpil : M]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
bghf;fp&k; ? mHF bghf;fp&k; ? bry;tk;
rh!;jp ? bry;tk; rh!;jp ? kpFjp
tp!;jhuk; ? kpFjp tp!;jhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[
rp=;fhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[ rp=;fhuk; ? mHF
FWtpdh
j 1. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; nfhl;ilfs; gw;wpf; TWf.

kp -- gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp efhpy; gy Rw;Wfshff; nfhl;ilfs; ,Uf;Fk;.

-- mit kjpy;fshy; NHg;gl;litahf kpft[k; typikahf ,Uf;Fk;.
H; 2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; ,aw;if tsk; vj;jifaJ>
 g[{+;nrhiyfSk; re;jdkur; nrhiyfSk; MWfSk; bey; tay;fSk; ghf;Fj;
njhg;g[fSk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;f;Fk;.
rpWtpdh
1. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; tPLfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>
-- gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; xt;bthU tPLfspYk; kzpfshy; mHF bra;ag;gl;l
nkilfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
-- tPLfbsy;yhk; kjpy;fshy; NHg;gl;l kho tPLfshf ,Uf;Fk;.

7 -- tPl;Lf; fjt[fs; kpft[k; neh;j;jpahft[k; tPLfs; bry;tk; epiwe;jjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;.

2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfH;t[fs; gw;wp vGJf.
-- tPuk; epiwe;j gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; cs;s KayhdJ jd;idg; gpof;ftUk;
ntl;il ehia vjph;j;J tpul;Lk;.
-- gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
-- kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
Fof;fhJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 71

rpe;jid tpdh
1. ehl;Lg; g[wf;fijg; ghly;fspy; fl;lbghk;kd; bghpJk; g[fHg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ>
1. khtPud; fl;lbghk;kd; tPuk; epiwe;jth;.
2. m+;rh be+;rpdh;.
3. M=;fpnya cah; mjpfhhpfis neUf;F neuhfnt jd; ehl;L chpikf;fhf vjph;j;jth;.
Mfpa fhuzj;jpdhYk;/ kf;fs; kdjpy; tPuk; epiwe;jtuhf ,lk; gpoj;jpUg;gjhYk;
ehl;Lg; g[wf;fijg; ghly;fspy; fl;lbghk;kd; bghpJk; g[fHg;gLfpd;whh;.

TLjy; tpdh g
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. U
1. tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;K fijg;ghliyj; bjhFj;J E}yhf btspapl;lth; _______
t
m) eh.thdkhkiy
,) md;dfhK
M) R.rz;KfRe;juk;
<) rz;Kf Re;juk; [tpil : m] k;
1
2. Fiwapy;yhj tPud; _______
m) fl;lbghk;kd; M) M=;fpnyad;
,) kUJ <) eh.thdkhkiy [tpil : m]
3. fl;lbghk;kdpd; ehL _______
m) kJiu M) br+;rp
,) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp <) ghisa=;nfhl;il [tpil : ,]

4. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; kzpfshy; mHF bra;ag;gl;l nkilfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk;

m) filfs; M) tPjpfs; ,) tPLfs; <) nrhiyfs; [tpil : ,]
5. ePh;epiyapd; xnu Jiwapy; epd;W ghy;nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fog;git _______
m) Fapy;/ kapy; M) ahid/ gR ,) gR/ g[yp <) Kay;/ eha; [tpil : ,]

7
6. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; jz;zPUf;Ff; Twg;gl;l ctik _______
m) ghy; M) kzp ,) mKjk; <) re;jdk; [tpil : m]
7. fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Fof;fhjJ _______
m) fhfk; M) Fapy; ,) kapy; <) gR [tpil : m]

8. tPuk; kpFe;j ehL _______

m) kJiu M) br+;rp
,) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp <) ghisa=;nfhl;il [tpil : ,]
 27
72 ` f=;fh `

9. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; ehl;od; tsj;ijf; Twp tpisahoaJ _______

m) fhfk; M) Fapy; ,) kapy; <) gR [tpil : ,]

10. md;g[ tsUk; ehL _______

m) kJiu M) br+;rp
,) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp <) ghisa=;nfhl;il [tpil : ,]

11. bghUj;Jf.
1. thuzk; ? m) ghf;F
2. ghp ? M) mHF
3. rp=;fhuk; ? ,) Fjpiu
4. fKF ? <) ahid
m) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4? m M) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M
,) 1?M 2?, 3?m 4?< <) 1?m 2? < 3?M 4?, [tpil : m]

j nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

kp 1. `gh+;ir~ vd;w miHf;fg;gLk; ehL _______ tpil : gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp

H; 2. jkpH;ehl;oy; gy tifahd _______ ,yf;fpa=;fs; tH=;fp tUfpd;wd.

tpil : ehl;Lg;g[w
3. fijg;ghly; vd;gJ _______ jGtpa ghly;. tpil : fij
4. `ghp tsUk; rhiy~ ? ,jpy; `ghp~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ______. tpil : Fjpiu
5. `fKF~ vd;gjd; bghUs; _______. tpil : ghf;F
6. _______apy; kh=;Fapy; Tg;gpLkhk;. tpil : nrhiy
7. KaYk; _______ tpul;Lk;. tpil : ehia
8. tue;jUgts; _______ tpil : rf;fkhnjtp

7 FW tpdh
1. Fapy;fs; v=;F Tt[k; > kapy;fs; vg;go tpisahLk;>
Fapy;fs; nrhiyfspy; Tt[k;. kapy;fs; ehl;od; tsj;ijf; Twp tpisahLk
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;g;gd vJ>
 g[{+;nrhiyfSk; re;jdkur; nrhiyfSk; MWfSk; bey; tay;fSk; ghf;Fj;
njhg;g[fSk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;f;Fk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 73

3. fue;j ghiyf; fhfk; Fof;fhjjw;Ff; fhuzk; ahJ>

 kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
Fof;fhJ.
4. gR kw;Wk; g[ypapd; bray; ahJ>
gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
5. vt;btw;Wf; bfy;yhk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpa;py; ,l=;fs; ,Ue;jd>
1. ahidf; Tlk; 2. Fjpiuf; bfhl;oy;
3. njhuz=;fs; fl;lg;gl;l nkil 4. jhak; MLtjw;fhd ,lk;. g
6. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpa;py; tPuk; epiwe;j tpy=;Ffs; vit>
1. Kay; 2. gR
U
7. 
tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s t
mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>
1. ahid 2. Fjpiu 3. Fapy;fs; 4. kapy;fs; 5. Kay; k;
1
6. ntl;il eha; 7. gR 8. g[yp 9. fhfk;.
8. 
tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s
tpy=;Ffs; ahit>
1.ahid 2.Fjpiu 3.Kay; 4.ntl;il eha; 5.gR 6.g[yp
9. 
tPughz;oaf l;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s
gwitfs; ahit>
1.Fapy;fs; 2.kapy;fs; 3.fhfk;

rpW tpdh:
1. 
``rpy mjpra=;fs; brhy;fpd;nwd; nfSikah~~ ? gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp mjpra=;fs;
ahit>
1. 
tPuk; epiwe;j gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; cs;s KayhdJ jd;idg; gpof;ftUk;
ntl;il ehia vjph;j;J tpul;Lk;.
2. gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
3. kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
7
Fof;fhJ.
 47
74 ` f=;fh `

fw;git fw;wgpd;


c=;fs; tPl;oYs;s bghpnahhplk; ehl;Lg;g[wf; fijg;ghly;fisf; nfl;L te;J
tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.
KLF
vl;Lj; jpira[k; gjpdhW nfhzKk;
fl;ona fhj;jtd; fl;lbghk;kd;
Mj;JU thGk; mz;zh rha;g[
mz;zDk; jk;gpa[k; ty;ytdhk;
Fsj;J}h; thGk; Rg;igah
bfhs;is aog;gjpy; ty;ytdhk;
fpHf;nf vy;iyahk; fPHf;fiu
nkf;f vy;iyahk; Nyf;fiu
Mapuk; fz;Qs;s khhpak;kh
j Mjhpf;f ntQk; ,e;j neuk;

kp vav

H; eifr;Ritg; g[jph;

1. fLikahd kiH neuj;jpy; xUth; Filapd;wp ghijapy; ele;J brd;whh; . mthpd; jiyKo xd;W
Tl eidatpy;iy. fhuzk; vd;d>
2. xU tpkhdk; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfptpl;lJ/ jg;gpath;fis v=;F mlf;fk; bra;thh;fs;>
tpil gf;fk; ? 170

vav

7
 ` f=;fh ` 75

,ay; ciueil njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; gRk;bghd;

3 cyfk; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; Kjd; Kjypy; ciuahw;wpa ,lk; _______
g
U
m) J}j;Jf;Fo M) fhiuf;Fo
,) rhay;Fo <) kd;dhh;Fo [tpil : ,]

2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; elj;jpa ,jHpd; bgah; _______

[tpil : M]
t
3. 
m) ,uh$h$p M) nejh$p ,) fhe;jp$p <) neU$p
njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; vdg; gRk;bghd; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug; ghuhl;oath; k;
_______
m) ,uh$h$p M) bghpahh;

nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

,) jpU.tp.f <) nejh$p [tpil : m]
1
1. `fhl;od; tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F _______
tpil : g[yp
2. ahidf; Tl;lj;jpw;F xU _______ ahidjhd; jiyik jh=;Fk;.
tpil : bgz;
3. fuofisj; njdPf;fsplkpUe;J fhg;gJ mjd;_______ tpil : mlh;e;j Kofs;

FW tpdh
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug; ghuhl;og; bghpahh; TwpaJ ahJ>
1. 
tPug;ngr;rhy; vj;jidnah jpahfpfisa[k; tpntfg; ngr;rhy; vj;jidnah
mwpthspfis cz;lhf;fpath;.
2. cz;ikia kiwf;fhky; btspapLtjpy; jdpj;Jzpr;ry; bgw;wth;. Rj;jj; jpahfp.
7
? vd;W Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug;; bghpahh; ghuhl;oa[s;shh;.
 67
76 ` f=;fh `

2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; ngr;Rf;F tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; @yk; jiltpjpf;fg;glf;

fhuzk; ahJ>
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;/ M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf kf;fsplk; bgUk; vGr;rp Vw;gLk;
tifapy; tPu ciuahw;wpdhh;.
2. mtuJ ngr;irf; nfl;L kf;fs; M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf tPWbfhz;L vGe;jdh;.
3. ,jdhy;/ mtiug; gyKiw M=;fpy muR ifJ bra;jJ.
4. nkYk;/ tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lk; Kyk; nkilfspy; murpay; ngrf; TlhJ vd;W
mtUf;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ.
3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fh; bgw;wpUe;j gy;Jiw Mw;wiyg; gw;wp vGJf.
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; jkpH;/ M=;fpyk; Mfpa ,U bkhHpfspy; brhw;bghHpt[
Mw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wpUe;jhh;.
2. rpyk;gk;/ Fjpiu Vw;wk;/ Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy;/ nrhjplk;/ kUj;Jtk; Mfpa gyJiw
Mw;wy; cilatuhf tps=;fpdhh;.
rpW tpdh
j 1. nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; bfhz;l bjhlh;g[g; gw;wp vGJf.

kp -- nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; beU=;fpa bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.

-- mtiuj; jk; murpay; FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
H; -- Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; miHg;ig Vw;W 06.9.1939y; nejh$p kJiuf;F tUif
je;jhh;.
-- nejh$papd; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; Kaw;rpahy;
Vuhskhd jkpHh;fs; ,ize;jdh;.
-- tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;dh; nejh$p vd;w bgahpy; thu ,jH; elj;jpdhh;
2. bjhHpyhsh; eyDf;fhf Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; bra;j bjhz;Lfs; ahit>
-- 1938 fhyfl;lj;jpy; kJiuapy; 23 bjhHpyhsh; r=;f=;fspd; jiytuhfj; njth;
jpfH;e;jhh;.

7
-- kJiuapy; ,Ue;j E}w;ghiy xd;wpy; ntiy bra;j bjhHpyhsh;fspd;
chpikf;fhfj; njhHh; g.$Pthde;jj;Jld; ,ize;J 1938 Mk; Mz;L nghuhl;lk;
elj;jpdhh;. mjw;fhf VG khjk; rpiwj; jz;lid bgw;whh;.
-- cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL
xd;iw elj;jpdhh;.
-- bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[
ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhodhh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 77

rpe;jid tpdh
rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fs;vit vd eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
1. chpikf;fhfg; nghuhLjy; 2. kf;fs; eyk; fhj;jy;
3.bghJey thH;t[ 4. ngr;rhw;wy;
5. rhjp/ kj/ ,d/bkhHp Mfpad ghuhik 6. xGf;fk; fhj;jy;
7. gpwh;epiyapy; jd;id itj;Jg;ghh;j;jy; 8. kdpjneak;
9. ehl;Lg;gw;W 10. jpahf czh;t[
? Mfpad rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fshf eh=;fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;.
g
TLjy; tpdh
U
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
t
1. je;ijg; bghpahuhy; `Rj;jj; jpahfp~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; _______
m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p k;
1
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]

2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; gpwe;j Ch; _______

m) gRk;bghd; M) kJiu ,) nfhit <) brd;id [tpil : m]
3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; bjhlf;ff; fy;tp gapd;w ,lk; _______
m) gRk;bghd; M) kJiu ,) ,uhkehjg[uk; <) fKjp [tpil : <]

4. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ gutpa neha; _______

m) fhyuh M) gpnsf;
,) knyhpah <) k+;rs; fhkhiy [tpil : M]

5. tl,e;jpahtpy; tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; go ifJ bra;ag;gl;l jiyth; _______

m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh; M) fhe;jp$p
,) nejh$p
6. t=;fr; rp=;fk; vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth;
m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh;
<) jpU.tp.f

M) fhe;jp$p
[tpil : m]

7
,) nejh$p <) jpU.tp.f [tpil : ,]

7. nejh$p vd;Dk; thu ,jiH elj;jpath; _______

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]
 87
78 ` f=;fh `

8. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Kjd; Kjypy; ciuahw;wpa ,lk; _______

m) rhay;Fo M) gRk;bghd; ,) ,uhkehjg[uk; <) t=;fk; [tpil : m]

9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; ngr;R tpLjiyg;nghUf;F cjt[k; vd;W Twpath; _______

m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh; M) fhkuhrh;
,) nejh$p <) jpU.tp.f [tpil : M]

10. bjd;dhl;Lr; rp=;fk; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toath; _______

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]

11. 
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Kjd; Kjypy; rl;l kd;wj;njh;jypy; btw;wp bgw;w
Mz;L_______
m) 1947 M) 1937 ,) 1957 <) 1973 [tpil : M]

12. 
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;l vjph;g;g[ khehl;il elj;jpa ,lk;

j _______
m) fKjp M) gRk;bghd;

kp ,) rhay; Fo <) ,uhkehjg[uk; [tpil : m]

H; 13. Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;lk; ePf;fg;gl;l Mz;L

m) 1948 M) 1984 ,) 1949 <) 1943 [tpil : m]

14. ghujkhjh Tl;Lwt[g; gz;lf rhiy Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ,lk;

m) fKjp M) gRk;bghd;
,) rhay; Fo <) ,uhkehjg[uk; [tpil : m]

15. ghujkhjh Tl;Lwt[g; gz;lf rhiy Vw;gLj;jpath; _______

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]

7 16. $kPd; tptrhapfs; r=;fk; Vw;gLj;jpath; _______

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
,) jpU.tp.f.
M) nejh$p
<) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]
17. cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL xd;iw
elj;jpath; _______
m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 79

18. bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[ ntz;Lk;

vd;W nghuhoath; _______
m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. ,sikapy; md;idia ,He;J ,!;yhkpaj; jha; xUtuhy; ghY}l;o tsh;f;fg;gl;lth;
_______
2.
tpil : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; cah;epiyf; fy;tpiag; goj;j ,l=;fs; _______ /_______ g
tpil : kJiu/ ,uhkehjg[uk;
U
3.

Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ,sikapnyna _______ Mh;tk; kpFjp .
tpil : murpay; t
4. nejh$p kJiuf;F te;j Mz;L _______ . tpil : fp.gp.1939 k;
nejh$p bgahpy; thu ,jH; xd;iw elj;jpath; ______ tpil : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;

1
5.
6. Kjd; Kjypy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngrpa jiyg;g[ _______
tpil : tpntfhde;jh; bgUik
7. ,e;jpa murhy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; jghy;jiy btspaplg;gl;l Mz;L_______
tpil : fp.gp.1995
8. M=;fpy Ml;rpapy; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;fhfg; bfhz;L tug;gl;l rl;lk;_______
tpil : Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;lk;.
9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; _______ nfhtpy; EiHt[g; nghuhl;lk; elj;jj; jpl;lkpl;lhh;.
tpil : kJiu itj;jpaehj Iah;
FWtpdh

7
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; v=;F vg;nghJ gpwe;jhh;>
 Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; 30.10.1908 ,y; ,uhkehjg[uk; khtl;lj;jpy; gRk;bghd;
vd;w Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.
2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; bgw;nwhh; ahth;>
je;ij : cf;fpu ghz;oaj;njth;/ jha; : ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahh;.
3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;w fhuzk; ahJ>
 ,uhkehjg[uj;jpy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ / mt;t[{hpy; `gpnsf;~ neha; gutpajhy;
mthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;wJ.
 08
80 ` f=;fh `

4. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; murpay; FU ahh;>

nejh$p Rgh&; re;jpu nghR.
5. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fwpj;J @jwp+h; ,uh$h$p TwpaJ ahJ>
 Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngr;r cs;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J btsptUfpwJ .cjLfspy;
,Ue;J my;y. cs;sj;jhy; vjpYk; gw;ww;W cz;ikbadg; gl;lij kiwf;fhky;
mg;gona ngrptpLtJ/ mth; tHf;fk; vd;W Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fwpj;J @jwp+h;
,uh$h$p ghuhl;Lfpwhh;.
6. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngr;R Fwpj;J tl ,e;jpa ,jH;fs; ghuhl;oa bra;jp ahJ>
 ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mth; ngrpa M=;fpyj;jpy; ngrpa ngr;R bts;isah;fhyj;jpy;
tpl;ly; gha;/ ty;yggha; gl;nly; nghd;w nkijfs; ngrpa ngr;irg; nghy; ,Ue;jjhf
tl,e;jpa ,jH;fs; ghuhl;od.
7. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; rpwg;g[g;bgah;fs; ahit>
1. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; 2. tpj;ah gh!;fh; 3. gputrd nfrhp
4. rd;khh;f;f rz;l khUjk; 5. ,e;J g[j;jrka nkij

j 8. tptrhapfspd; njhHd; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; vd;gjw;fhd epfH;tpidf;Fwpg;gpLf.

1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; `$kPd; tptrhapfs; r=;fk;~ Vw;gLj;jp tptrhapfs; Jd;gk;

kp nghf;fg; ghLgl;lhh;.
2. jkf;Fr; brhe;jkhd 32½ rpw;W}h;fspy; ,Ue;j tpis epy=;fisf; Fj;jif
H; ,y;yhky; cGgth;f;nf g=;fpl;Lf; bfhLj;jhh;.
9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; rpiwitf;fg;gl;oUe;j ,l=;fs; ahit>
1. mypg;g[{h; 2. mkuhtjp 3. jhnkh 4. fy;fj;jh 5. brd;id 6. ntY}h;
10. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; vg;nghJ kiwe;jhh;>
30.10.1963y; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; kiwe;jhh;.
rpW tpdh
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; ,sikf;fhyk; Fwpj;J vGJf.
gpwg;g[ :

7  Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; 30.10.1908,y; ,uhkehjg[uk; khtl;lj;jpy; gRk;bghd;

vd;w Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; bgw;nwhh; :
je;ij : cf;fpu ghz;oaj;njth; jha; :,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahh;. ,sikapy; md;idia
,He;J ,!;yhkpaj; jha; xUtuhy; ghY}l;o tsh;f;fg;gl;lhh;.
gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;w fhuzk; :
 ,uhkehjg[uj;jpy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ / mt;t[{hpy; `gpnsf;~ neha; gutpajhy;
mthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;wJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 81

2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtUf;F muR bra;j rpwg;g[fs; ahit>

muR tpHh
 gRk;bghd;dpy; cs;s Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; epidtplj;jpy; mth; njhd;wp kiwe;j
mf;nlhgh; 30 Mk; ehs; jkpHf murpd; rhh;gpy; muR tpHh vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
glk; kw;Wk; rpiy
-- jkpHfr; rl;lkd;wj;jpy; mtuJ jpUt[Utg;glk; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
-- brd;idapy; muR rhh;ghfr; rpiy mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
-- ehlhSkd;w tshfj;jpYk; rpiy itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jghy;jiy
,e;jpa murhy; 1995y; ,thpd; jghy; jiy btspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. g
3. ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpath; ahh;>vjw;fhf epWtg;gl;lJ> U
epWtpath; :
 ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpath; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; t
epWtf;fhuzk;
 fKjpapy; tpahghpfs; tptrha cw;gj;jpg; bghUs;fisf; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F
k;
th=;fpajhy; tptrhapfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. tptrhapfspd; tpisbghUs;fSf;Fr;
rhpahd tpiy fpilg;gjw;fhf ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpdhh;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1
ehl;Lf;F ciHj;j rpwe;j gpw jiyth;fs; gw;wpa gpw bra;jpfisj; jpul;o vGJf.
fhe;jpaofs;:
-- mfpk;ir tHpapy; ehl;L tpLjiyf;Fg;ghLgl;lth;.
-- bts;isand btspnaW ,af;fk; / cg;g[r; rj;jpahfpufk; /xj;JiHahik
,af;fk; /jPz;lhik xHpg;g[ /kJtpyf;F Kjypad
nejh$p :
,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;ij mikj;J M=;fpnyah;fis vjph;j;jth;.
t.c.rpjk;gudhh;

7
 ek; ehl;ow;fhfr; Rnjrf; fg;gy; th=;fpath;. ehl;Lkf;fSf;fhf rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jth;.
$t\h;yhy; neU
fhe;jpaofSld; ,ize;J ehl;L tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;lth;.
g{ypj;njtd;
 M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;J jd;gFjpia btd;wth;.tpLjiyg; nghhpd; Kjy;
KHf;fkpl;lth;.
tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;kd;
M=;fpnyaUf;F thp bfhLf;fkhl;nlhk; vd;W M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;jth;.
 28
82 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
3 tphpthdk; fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh;

,uh. gp. nrJ

-- jkpHwp+h;/ vGj;jhsh;/ ngr;rhsh;/ tHf;Fiu+h;.
-- rpwg;g[ : brhy;ypd; bry;th;/ jkpHpd;gk; E}Yf;Fr;
rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ.
-- gilg;g[fs; : Mw;w=;fiuapdpny/ flw;fiuapdpny/
jkpH; tpUe;J/ jkpHfk; CUk; ngUk;/
nkilg; ngr;R.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

j 1. t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.

kp
Kd;Diu
 fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHd;/ brf;fpGj;j brk;ky; vd;bwy;yhk; nghw;wg;gLgth;

H; t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mthh;. M=;fpnyaiu vjph;jJ; Rnjrp fg;gy; ,af;fpa bgUikf;Fhpath;

t.c.rpjk;gudhh;. mthpd; ciu tHp / mtuJ thH;fi
fhz;nghk;.
; f tuyhw;iwr; RUf;fkhff;

Rnjrf; fg;gy;
 J}j;Jf;Foapy; bfhw;if JiwKfj;jpy; Kj;J thzpfj;jpy; ek;kth; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.
fg;gy; tzpfj;jpy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy; M=;fpnyah; Mjpf;fj;Jg; gpd;dh;/
fg;gy;fspy; M=;fpyf; bfho gwe;jJ. ek;kth; Typfshf mf;fg;gypy; ntiy
bra;jdh;.,e;epiyia khw;w ghz;oj;Jiuahiuj; jiytuhff; bfhz;L Rnjrf;
fg;gy; epWtdj;ij t.c.rpjk;gudhh; cUthf;fpdhh;.,f;fg;gy; Kjd; Kjypy;
bfhGk;g[ nehf;fpr; brd;wJ.
M=;fpnyahpd; mlf;FKiw

7
 Rnjrf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpaJ. M=;fpyf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tPHj;
bjhl=;fpaJ. mjdhy; M=;fpnyah;fs; t.c.rpjk;gudhiua[k; mtuj ez;gh;fisa[k;
gaKWj;jpdh;. mjw;bfy;yhk; ftiyg;glhky; `te;nj khjuk;~ vd;w KHf;fj;ij
vGg;gpdhh;. ,jidf; nfl;l kf;fs; tpLjiyf;F Mjuthf Cf;fk; mile;jdh;.
M=;fpy muR t.c.rpjk;gudhiur; rpiwapy; milj;jJ.
t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; jpahfk;
 t.c.rpjk;gudhh; nfhitr;rpiw/ fz;Q}h;r; rpiw Mfpatw;wpy; bfhLk;gzp
bra;jhh;.mth; cly; rypj;jJ/ cs;sk; jsutpy;iy. rpiwajpfhhp t.c.rpjk;gudhhplk;
mwpt[iu Tw ``cdf;Fk; cd; fth;dUf;Fk; kd;dDf;Fk; g[j;jp brhy;ntd;~~ vd;whh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 83

rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jhh;.rpiwapy; ifj;njhy; chpa fLk;gzp bra;jhh;.bre;jkpGk;

fd;dpj; jkpGk; fz;zPiug; nghf;fpaJ.
jkpH;g;gw;Wk; Vf;fKk;
 t.c.rpjk;gudhh; bjhy;fhg;gpak;/ ,d;dpiy fw;Wj; jd; Jd;g=;fis kwe;jhh;.
M=;fpyj;jpy; Myd; ,aw;wpa mwpt[ E}y;fspy; xd;iw `kdk; nghy; thH;t[~
vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgah;j;jhh;. bka;awpt[/ bka;awk; Kjypa rpW E}
y;fisg; gilj;jhh;. rpiwthH;t[ Koe;J t.c.rpjk;gudhh; btspapy; te;j nghJ jd;
FHe;ijfisf; fz;L kfpH;e;jhh;. Mdhy; flw;fiuapy; jd; Mirf;FHe;ij Rnjrf;
fg;giyf; fhzhky; tUj;jk; mile;jhh; vd;W ew;fhyk; tUnkh vd;W V=;fpdhh;.
Kot[iu g
``gaf; fhz;gJ Rje;jpu bts;sk;
U
t
gzpaf; fhz;gJ bts;isah; cs;sk;~~
vd;W ehk; ghLk; ehs; ve;ehnsh>
vd;W cUf;fkhfg; ngrp flw;fiuia tpl;L mfd;whh; t.c.rpjk;gudhh;.

TLjy; tpdh
k;
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. brhy;ypd; bry;th; vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth;
1
m) mz;zh M) ,uh.gp. nrJ
,) t.c.rp <) ghz;oj;Jiuahh; [tpil : M]
2. jkpHpd;gk; vd;Dk; E}iy vGjpath;
m) mz;zh M) ,uh.gp. nrJ
,) t.c.rp <) ghz;oj;Jiuahh; [tpil : M]
3. ,uh.gp. nrJtpd; rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w E}y;
m) jkpHpd;gk; M) Mw;w=;fiuapdpny
,) flw;fiuapdpny <) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : m]
4. t.c.rpjk;gudhh; ngRtjhf mike;j ek; ghlg;gFjp ,uh.gp. nrJtpd; E}y;
m) jkpHpd;gk;
,) flw;fiuapdpny
M) Mw;w=;fiuapdpny
<) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : ,]
7
5. rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w Kjy; E}y;
m) jkpHpd;gk; M) Mw;w=;fiuapdpny
,) flw;fiuapdpny <) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : m]
 48
84 ` f=;fh `

fw;giw fw;wgpd;

1. 
ghujpahh;/ bfhofhj;j Fkud; nghd;w tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l tPuh;fSs; xUtuhf
c=;fisf; fw;gid bra;J bfhz;L tFg;giwapy; ciuahw;Wf.
ghujpahh;
 tzf;fk;. ehd; jhd; c=;fs; KWf;F kPir ghujp ngRfpd;nwd;.khzth;fns eykh>
xUKiw vdf;Fg; gpoj;j gyfhuk; gw;wp xUth; nfl;lhh;. ehd; rw;Wk; ja=;fhky;
KWf;F vd;nwd;. mJ Fwpj;j fhuzk; ,th; nfl;lhh;.KWf;F vd;Wr; brhy;Yk; nghJ
eho euk;g[fs; vy;yhk; KWf;nfwp bts;isah;fis moj;J behWf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;w czh;r;rp bgUf;nfw;gLfpd;wJ.mjdhy; ehd; KWf;if tPug;gyfhuk; vd;nw
miHf;fpd;nwd;.,g;nghJk; KWf;nfwp ,y+;rk;/ CHy; bra;gtiu mlf;f KWf;F
kPir Jof;fpd;wJ .rhp - neuk; Mfptpl;lJ ,w;bwhU ehs; tUfpd;bwd;.

vav

j
tpLfijfs;

kp
10. mhprp nghy; g{ g{f;Fk; .mk;kho vdr; brhy;Yk; fha;fha;f;Fk;. mJ vd;d>
11. fPnH tUk; Mdhy; nkny nghfhJ. mJ vd;d>

H; 12. mog;ghij ,Uf;Fk; fhy; ,Uf;fhJ. mJ vd;d>

13. iffs; ,Uf;Fk; . Mdhy; jl;l KoahJ. mJ vd;d>
14. fz; cz;L Mdhy; ghh;f;f KoahJ> mJ vd;d>
15. mo nky; moth=;fp/ midtiua[k; brhf;f itf;Fk;. mJ vd;d>
tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav

7
 ` f=;fh ` 85

,ay;
3 fw;fz;L tHf;F/ nghyp

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

bghUj;Jf.

g
tpdh tpil
1.ge;jh; ? Kjw;nghyp 1.ge;jh; ? filg;nghyp
2.ik+;R ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
3.m+;R ? ,ilg;nghyp
2.ik+;R ? Kjw;nghyp
3.m+;R ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
U
4.miuah; ? filg;nghyp 4.miuah; ? ,ilg;nghyp t
FW tpdh
1. tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
k;
 Kd;ndhh;fs; ve;bje;jr; brhw;fis vd;bdd;d bghUspy; gad;gLj;jpdhh;fnsh/
mr;brhw;fis mt;thnw gad;gLj;Jtij tHf;F vd;gh;.
2. jFjp tHf;F tiffs; ahit>
1
jFjp tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;.
* ,lf;fulf;fy; *k=;fyk; *FZcf;Fwp
3. thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; e+;R tpl;lJ. ,j;bjhlhpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nghypr; brhy;iyf;
fz;lwpf. mjd; rhpahd brhy;iy vGJf.
,j;bjhlhpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nghypr; brhy; : e+;R/ rhpahd brhy; : iee;J.
thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; e+;R tpl;lJ.
thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; iee;J tpl;lJ.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.

1. tHf;F _______ tifg;gLk;.
7
m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : m]

2. ,ay;g[ tHf;F _______ tifg;gLk;.

m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : M]
 68
86 ` f=;fh `

3. jFjp tHf;F _______ tifg;gLk;.

m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : M]
4. Kd;gpd; bjhf;fg; nghyp vdf;Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ
m) ,yf;fzKilaJ M) ,yf;fzg;nghyp
,) kqc <) Kjw;nghyp [tpil : M]

5. g[wefh;/ fhy;tha;/ jir/ filf;fz; Mfpa rhd;Wfs; _______f;Fr; rhd;whFk;.

m) ,yf;fzKilaJ M) ,yf;fzg;nghyp
,) kqc <) Kjw;nghyp [tpil : M]

6. ,yf;fz bewpapypUe;J gpwH;e;J/ rpije;J tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; _______

m) ,yf;fzKilaJ M) ,yf;fzg;nghyp
,) kqc <) Kjw;nghyp [tpil : ,]
7. jFjpaw;w brhw;fisj; jFjpahd ntW brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ

j m) ,ay;g[ tHf;F
,) kqc
M) jFjp tHf;F
<) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : M]
kp 8. 
xU FGtpdh; xU bghUs; my;yJ braiyf; Fwpf;fj; jkf;Fs; gad;gLj;jpf;

H; bfhs;Sk; brhw;fs;
m) FZcf;Fwp M) k=;fyk;
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : m]
9. bghd;idg; gwp vd;gh; ? ,J vt;tifj; jFjp tHf;fpw;Fr; rhd;W>
m) FZcf;Fwp M) k=;fyk;
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : m]
10. 
fhy; fGtp te;jhd;/ FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ ? ,it vt;tifj; jFjp
tHf;fpw;Fr; rhd;Wfs;>

7
m) FZcf;Fwp M) k=;fyk;
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : ,]
12. RLfhl;il ed;fhL vd;gJ
m) FZcf;Fwp M) k=;fyk;
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : M]

13. nghyp _______ tifg;gLk;.

m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 87

14. ,lf;fulf;fy; my;yhjJ_______

m) fhy; fGtp te;jhd; M) FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ
,) xd;Wf;Fg; ngha; te;njd; <) RLfhl;il ed;fhL [tpil : <]

15. bghUj;Jf.
1. xd;Wf;Fg; ngha; te;njd; ? m) k=;fyk;
2. fWg;g[ ML vd;gij bts;shL vd;gJ ? M) ,lf;fulf;fy;
3. bghd;idg; gwp vd;gJ ? ,) kqc
4. j+;rht{iuj; j=;ir vd;gJ ? <) FZcf;Fwp g
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
U
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?<
16. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.
<) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
t
m) fhy;tha; ? ,yf;fzg;nghyp
M) ik+;R ? Kjw;nghyp
k;
,) ,y+rp ? ,ilg;nghyp
<) Kfd; ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
17. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.
[tpil : <] 1
m) FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ ? ,lf;fulf;fy;
M) brj;jhiuj; J+rpdhh; vdy; ?k=;fyk;
,) Miliaf; fhiu vdy; ?kqc
<) jir ? ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : ,]

FWtpdh
1. tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>

7
tHf;F ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
* ,ay;g[ tHf;F * jFjp tHf;F
2. ,ay;g[ tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
 xU bghUis mjw;nf chpa ,ay;ghd brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,ay;g[ tHf;F
MFk;.
3. ,ay;g[ tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk;>mit ahit>
,ay;g[ tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :
* ,yf;fzKilaJ * ,yf;fzg;nghyp * kqc
 88
88 ` f=;fh `

4. ,yf;fzg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d>

 ,yf;fz Kiwg;go mikahtpl;lhYk; /,yf;fzKilaijg; nghy
Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gLk; brhw;fs; ,yf;fzg;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
5. ,yf;fzg;nghypf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; jUf.
*g[wefh; *fhy;tha; *jir *filf;fz;
6. j+;ir / bey;iy Mfpa brhw;fs; vt;tif tHf;Fr; brhw;fs; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;L
tpsf;Ff.
j+;ir/ bey;iy Mfpa brhw;fs; ,ay;g[ tHf;Fr; brhw;fspy; kqcr; brhy;yhFk;.
 ,yf;fz bewpapypUe;J gpwH;e;J/ rpije;J tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; kqc vdg;gLk;.
j+;rht[{iuj; `j+;ir~ vd;Wk;/ jpUbey;ntypia `bey;iy~ vd;gJk; kqcr;
brhw;fshFk;.
7. jFjp tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
 VnjDk; xU fhuzj;jpdhy; gpwhplk; brhy;yj; jFjpaw;w brhw;fisj; jFjpahd
ntW brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ jFjp tHf;F MFk;.

j 8. jFjp tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mitahit>

jFjp tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :

kp * ,lf;fulf;fy; * k=;fyk; * FZcf; Fwp

H;
9. ,lf;fulf;fy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 gpwhplk; btspg;gilahfr; brhy;yj;jfhj brhw;fisj; jFjpa[ila ntW
brhy;yhy; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,lf;fulf;fy; MFk;.
rhd;W : fhy; fGtp te;jhd;.
FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ.
10. k=;fyk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 k=;fyk; ,y;yhj brhw;fis k=;fykhd ntW brhy;yhy; Fwpg;gpLtJ k=;fyk;
MFk;.
rhd;W : Xiy ? jpUKfk;
fWg;g[ ML ? bts;shL

7 RLfhL ? ed;fhL
11. FZcf;Fwp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 xU FGtpdh; xU bghUs; my;yJ braiyf; Fwpf;fj; jkf;Fs; gad;gLj;jpf;
bfhs;Sk; rhw;fs; FZcf;Fwp vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : bghd;idg; gwp vd;gh; (bghw;bfhy;yh; gad;gLj;JtJ)
Miliaf; fhiu vd;gh; (ahidg;ghfh; gad;gLj;jtJ)
 ` f=;fh ` 89

12. nghyp vd;why; vd;d>

 Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J epd;W mnj bghUs;
khwhJ tUtJ nghyp vdg;gLk;.
13. nghyp vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>
nghyp @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :
* Kjw;nghyp * ,ilg;nghyp * filg;nghyp
14. Kjw;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 brhy;ypd; Kjypy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J epd;W g
mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJKjw;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
U
t
rhd;W : gry; ? igry; / k+;R ? ik+;R/ kay; ? ikay;
15. ,ilg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J
epd;W mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJ ,ilg;;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
k;
rhd;W : mkr;R ?mikr;R/ ,y+;rp ? ,iy+;rp/ murh; ? miurh;
16. filg;nghyp (,Wjpg;nghyp) vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 brhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J
1
epd;W mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJ filg;nghyp(,Wjpg;nghyp) vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : mfk; ? mfd;/ Kfk; ? Kfd;/ ge;jy; ? ge;jh;
17. Kw;Wg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 xU brhy;ypy; ,ay;ghf mike;j vGj;JfSf;Fg; gjpyhf vGj;Jfs; midj;Jk;
ntWgl;lhYk; bghUs; khwhky; ,Ug;gJ Kw;Wg;nghyp MFk;.
rhd;W : Ie;J ? m+;R

7
 09
90 ` f=;fh `

fw;giw fw;wgpd;
1. 
@tifg; nghypfspYk; ve;bje;j vGj;Jfs; ve;bje;j vGj;Jfshf khWfpd;wd
vd;gij mwpe;J vGJf.
nghyp tif rhd;W rhpahd vGj;J nghypahd vGj;J
gry; ? igry; g ig
Kjw;nghyp k+;R ? ik+;R k ik
kay; ? ikay; k ik
mkr;R ? mikr;R k ik
,ilg;nghyp ,y+;rp ? ,iy+;rp y iy
muah; ? miuah; u iu
mfk; ? mfd; k; d;
filg;nghyp epyk; ? epyd; k; d;
ge;jy; ? ge;jh; y; h;

j bkhHpia Ms;nthk;

kp fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.

H; 1. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;

 tzf;fk;. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky;Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; gw;wp rpy epkp;l=;fs;
ngRfpd;nwd;.nfS=;fs;. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;/ M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf
kf;fsplk; bgUk; vGr;rp Vw;gLk; tifapy; tPu ciuahw;wpdhh;. mtuJ ngr;irf;
nfl;L kf;fs; M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf tPWbfhz;L vGe;jdh;. ,jdhy; /mtiug;
gyKiw M=;fpy muR ifJ bra;jJ.nkYk;/ tha;g[{l;Lr; rl;lk; Kyk; nkilfspy;
murpay; ngrf;TlhJ vd;W mtUf;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; jkpH;
/ M=;fpyk; Mfpa ,U bkhHpfspy; brhw;bghHpt[ Mw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wpUe;jhh;.
rpyk;gk; / Fjpiu Vw;wk; / Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy;/ nrhjplk; / kUj;Jtk; Mfpa gyJiw
Mw;wy; cilatuhf tps=;fpdhh;.nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; beU=;fpa

7
bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;/mtiuj; jk; murpay; FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; miHg;ig Vw;W 06.9.1939y; nejh$p kJiuf;F tUif
je;jhh;. nejh$papd; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; Kaw;rpahy;
Vuhskhd jkpHh;fs; ,ize;jdh;. tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;dh; nejh$p vd;w bgahpy;
thu ,jH; elj;jpdhh;1938 fhyfl;lj;jpy; kJiuapy; 23 bjhHpyhsh; r=;f=;fspd;
jiytuhfj; njth; jpfH;e;jhh;.kJiuapy; ,Ue;j E}w;ghiy xd;wpy; ntiy bra;j
bjhHpyhsh;fspd; chpikf;fhfj; njhHh; g.$Pthde;jj;Jld; ,ize;J 1938 Mk;
Mz;L nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdhh;. mjw;fhf VG khjk; rpiwj; jz;liz bgw;whh;.
cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL xd;iw
 ` f=;fh ` 91

elj;jpdhh;.bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[

ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhodhh;. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; nghy
ciHg;nghk;. cah;nthk;. ed;wp.
2. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; : t.c.rpjk;gudhhh;.
 tzf;fk;. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; t.c.rpjk;gudhhh;. gw;wp rpy epkp;l=;fs;
ngRfpd;nwd;.nfS=;fs;.fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHd;/ brf;fpGj;j brk;ky; vd;bwy;yhk;
nghw;wg;gLgth; t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mthh;.M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;J Rnjrp fg;gy; ,af;fpa
bgUikf;Fhpath; t.c.rpjk;gudhh;. J}j;Jf;Foapy; bfhw;if JiwKfj;jpy; Kj;J
thzpfj;jpy; ek;kth; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.fg;gy; tzpfj;jpy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy;
M=;fpnyah; Mjpf;fj;Jg; gpd;dh;/ fg;gy;fspy; M=;fpyf; bfho gwe;jJ. ek;kth; g
Typfshf mf;fg;gypy; ntiy bra;jdh;.,e;epiyia khw;w ghz;oj;Jiuahiuj;
jiytuhff; bfhz;L Rnjrf; fg;gy; epWtdj;ij t.c.rpjk;gudhh; U
cUthf;fpdhh;.,f;fg;gy; Kjd; Kjypy; bfhGk;g[ nehf;fpr; brd;wJ. Rnjrf; fg;gy;
tzpfk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpaJ. M=;fpyf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tPHj;bjhl=;fpaJ. mjdhy; t
M=;fpnyah;fs; t.c.rpjk;gudhiua[k; mtuj ez;gh;fisa[k; gaKWj;jpdh;.
mjw;bfy;yhk; ftiyg;glhky; `te;nj khjuk;~ vd;w KHf;fj;ij vGg;gpdhh;.,jidf;
nfl;l kf;fs; tpLjiyf;F Mjuthf Cf;fk; mile;jdh;.M=;fpy muR
k;
t.c.rpjk;gudhiur; rpiwapy; milj;jJ. t.c.rpjk;gudhh; nfhitr;rpiw/
fz;Q}h;r; rpiw Mfpatw;wpy; bfhLk;gzp bra;jhh;.mth; cly; rypj;jJ/ cs;sk;
jsutpy;iy. rpiwajpfhhp t.c.rpjk;gudhhplk; mwpt[iu Tw `cdf;Fk; cd;
fth;dUf;Fk; kd;dDf;Fk; g[j;jp brhy;ntd; vd;whh;.rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jhh;.rpiwapy;
1
ifj;njhy; chpa fLk;gzp bra;jhh;.bre;jkpGk; fd;dpj; jkpGk; fz;zPiug;
nghf;fpaJ.mtiug;nghy ehl;Lf;fhf ciHg;nghk; vd;W brhy;yp vd;Diuia
epiwt[ bra;fpd;nwd;.ed;wp.
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;
vGtha; gadpiy brag;gLbghUs;
xU bjhlhpy; ahh;> xU bjhlhpy; tpid/ ahiu > vij> vtw;iw>
vJ> vit> vd;Dk; tpdh/ bgah; Mfpatw;Ws; vd;w tpdhf;fSf;F
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilahf VnjDk; xd;W bfhz;L tpilahf miktJ

7
miktJ vGtha; MFk;. Koj;J itg;gJ gadpiy brag;gL bghUs; MFk;.
MFk;.
rhd;W: rhd;W: rhd;W:
ePyd; ghlj;ijg; fhpfhyd; fy;yiziaf; ehd; ftpijiag;
goj;jhd;. fl;odhd;. goj;njd;.
ghhp ahh;> fhpfhyd; ahh;> vd; g[j;jfj;ij vLj;jJ
g[yp xU tpy=;F fhpfhyd; xU kd;dd;. ahh;>
bey;ypd; fdpiaj;
je;jth; mjpakhd;.
 29
92 ` f=;fh `

gpd;tUk; bjhlh;fis vGtha;/ gadpiy/ brag;gLbghUs; vdg; gphpf;f.

1. tPuh;fs; ehl;ilf; fhj;jdh;.
2. bghJkf;fs; me;epaj; Jzpfisj; jPapl;L vhpj;jdh;.
3. bfhw;ifj; JiwKfj;jpny ghz;oaDila kPdf; bfho gwe;jJ.
4. jpUf;Fwis vGjpath; ahh;>
5. fgpyh; Fwp+;rpg;ghl;il vGjpa g[yth;.
vGtha; gadpiy brag;gLbghUs;
tPuh;fs; fhj;jdh; ehl;ilf;
bghJkf;fs; jPapl;L vhpj;jdh; me;epaj; Jzpfisj;
ghz;oaDila kPdf;bfho gwe;jJ bfhw;ifj; JiwKfj;jpny
jpUf;Fwis ahh;> vGjpath;
fgpyh; Fwp+;rpg;ghl;il vGjpa g[yth;
vGtha;/ gadpiy/ brag;gLbghUs; Mfpa @d;Wk; mika[k;go Ie;J bjhlh;fis
j vGJf.

kp
1. fz;zd; ghlk; goj;jhd;.
2. nkhp Xtpak; tiue;jhs;.

H; 3. ehd; ftpij vGjpndd;.

4. tpij tpUl;rkhf tsh;e;jJ.
5. Mrphpah; bra;a[isf; fw;gpj;jhh;.
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.
ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; ? bghpahh;
Kd;Diu :
 Vd;/ vg;go/ vjw;F> vd;w tpdhf;fs; vGg;gp> mwptpd; tHpna rpe;jpj;J
KobtLg;gnj gFj;jwpt[ MFk;. mjd; je;ij bghpahh;. btz;jho nte;jh;>
gFj;jwpt[ gfytd;> itf;fk; tPuu;> <nuhl;Lr; rp=;fk; vd;bwy;yhk; miHf;fg;gl;l

7 bghpahiu ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; Mthh;.

,sik :
 <nuhL efhpy; 1879y; bghpahh; gpwe;jhh;. bjhlf;ff; fy;tpa[ld; jk; gog;ig epWj;jpf;
bfhz;L jk; je;ijapd; tzpfj; bjhHpypy; jk;ik <LgLj;jpf; bfhz;lhh;.
itf;fk; tPuh; :
 nfusj;jpy; itf;fk; vd;Dk; Chpy; jiy tphpj;jhoa jPz;lhikf; bfhLikia
xHpf;fg; nghuhl;lk; elj;jp btw;wp fz;lhh;. mjdhy; itf;fk; tPuh; vd;W
miHf;fg;gl;lhh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 93

Rakhpahij ,af;fk; :
 bghpahh; fh=;;fpurpypUe;J tpyfp 1925y; Rakhpahij ,af;fk; bjhl=;fpdhh;.
,e;j ,af;fj;jpd; thapyhf rhjp Vw;wj;jhH;t[ nghf;Fjy;> jPz;lhik xHpj;jy;> @
lek;gpf;if xHpj;jy;> bgz;Qhpik epiyehl;Ljy; MFk;.
bghpahh; rPuikj;j vGj;Jfs; :
`I~ vd;gij `ma;~ vdt[k;> `xs~ vd;gij `mt;~ vdt[k; rPuikj;jhh;. ,tw;Wf;fhd
khw;W thptotj;ija[k; bfhz;L te;jhh;.
bgz;Qhpik nghw;wpath; :
 bgz;Qhpik/ bgz; fy;tp/ brhj;Jhpik/ muRg;gzp/ kWkzk; Mfpatw;wpw;fhfg; g
bghpahh; nghuhodhh;. bgz;fs; khehLfs; gy elj;jp bgz;fis tpHpg;gilar;
bra;jhh;. 13.11.1938 brd;idapy; ele;j bgz;fs; khehl;oy; <.nt.uht[f;Fg; U
bghpahh; gl;lk; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
ftuf; fhuzk; :
t
-- rpf;fdk; kw;Wk; vspikahd thH;if.
-- Rakhpahij nghw;wy;.
k;
-- bgz;Qhpik ngRjy;.
-- rhjp/ kj Vw;wj;jhH;t[fisf; fisjy;.
-- fy;tpapy; g[ul;rp
1
? Mfpa fhuz=;fshy; bghpahiu tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
Kot[iu :
bjhz;L bra;J gGj;j gHkhd bghpahiug; nghw;Wnthk;. mthpd; tHp elg;nghk;.

bkhHpnahL tpisahL

,ilr;brhy; `F~ nrh;j;J vGJf.

(v.fh.) : tPL brd;whd; ? tPL+F+brd;whd;. ? tPl;Lf;Fr; brd;whd;.

7
1. khL g[y; bfhLj;jhh; ? khL+F+g[y; bfhLj;jhh;. ? khl;Lf;Fg; g[y; bfhLj;jhh;.
2. ghl;L bghUs; vGJ ? ghl;L+F+bghUs; vGJ. ? ghl;Lf;Fg; bghUs; vGJ.
3. bro gha;e;j ePh; ? bro+F+gha;e;j ePh; ? brof;Fg; gha;e;j ePh;
4. Ky;iy njh; je;jhd; ghhp ? Ky;iy+F+njh; je;jhd; ghhp. ? Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;jhd; ghhp.
5. Rth; rhe;J g{rpdhs;. ?Rth;+F+rhe;J g{rpdhs;. ?RtUf;Fr; rhe;J g{rpdhs;.
 49
94 ` f=;fh `

,uz;L brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fis vGJf.

fz; fz;zHF fz;Qz;L
kz; kz;zHF kz;Qz;L
mHF cz;L
tpz; tpz;zHF tpz;Qz;L
gz; gz;zHF gz;Qz;L
mfk; vd Koa[k; brhw;fis vGJf.
1. E}yfk; 2. Fwsfk; 3. efyfk;
4. mr;rfk; 5. JiwKfk; 6. jkpHfk;

nfhol;l ,l=;fisj; jkpH; vz; bfhz;L epug;g[f.

1. jpUf;Fws; ௩ ghy;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
2. vdJ taJ ff
3. ehd; gof;Fk; tFg;g[ v

j
4. jkpH; ,yf;fzk; U tifg;gLk;.
5. jpUf;Fwspy; f௩௩ mjpfhu=;fs; cs;sd.

kp 6. ,e;jpah f௯௪v Mk; Mz;L tpLjiy bgw;wJ.

H; Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L jiyth;fspd; bgah;fisf; fl;l=;fspypUe;J fz;Lgpoj;J

vGJf.
jp U g; g{ h; F k u d;
U jh fh d; f f; f eh iy
t e; k ah u; L l; f k
s; $p uh $h ah u; l k; d
sp $h r u jp ah bgh ik d;
a uh u; dh u g k; j rp

7
k; , o z; gh u k kp w
ik th +; rp eh j d; Hp g;
u; ah rp r; eh Y nt y; g[
1. @jwp+h; ? ,uh$h$p
2. tPuk=;if ? ntYehr;rpahh;
3. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp tPud; ? fl;lbghk;kd;
4. bts;isaiu vjph;j;td; ? rpd;dkiy
 ` f=;fh ` 95

5. bfhofhj;jth; ? jpUg;g{h; Fkud;

6. vspikapd; ,yf;fzk; ? ff;fd;
7. jpy;iyaoapd; bgUik ? ts;spak;ik
8. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; ? rpjk;gudhh;
9. ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ? ghujpahhh;
10. tpUJg;gl;o tPuh; ? fhkuhrh;
11. fs;Sf;fil kwpay; bgz;kzp ? ehfk;ik
12. kzpahl;rpapd; jpahfp ? th+;rp ehjd;
g
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; U
1. fijg;ghly; ? Ballad 5. ngr;rhw;wy; ? Elocution
t
2. Jzpt[
3. jpahfk;
? courage 6. xw;Wik
? sacrifice 7. KHf;fk;
? Unity
? Slogan k;
4. murpay; nkij ? Political Genius 8. rkj;Jtk; ? Equality

vav
tpLfijfs;
1
16. mr;R ,y;yhj rf;fuk; / mHF fhl;Lk; rf;fuk;. mJ vd;d>

17. xw;iwf; fhy; kdpjDf;F xd;gJ if. mJ vd;d>

18. moj;jjy; tpyfhJ / mizj;jhy; epw;fhJ. mJ vd;d>

19. te;Jk; bfLf;Fk; / tuhkYk; bfLf;Fk;. mJ vd;d>

20. g{kpapny gpwf;Fk; g[ifaha; nghFk;. mJ vd;d>

7
tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav
 69
96 ` f=;fh `

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
,ay; ? @d;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4

1. `ahz;L~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????
m) vdJ M) v=;F ,) vt;tst[ <) vJ
2. bghUj;Jf.
1. thuzk; ? m) ghf;F
2. ghp ? M) mHF
3. rp=;fhuk; ?,) Fjpiu
4. fKF ? <) ahid
m) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4? m M) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M
,) 1?M 2?, 3?m 4?< <) 1?m 2? < 3?M 4?,
j 3. 
bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[

kp ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhoath ????????

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p

H; ,) jpU.tp.f.

4. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.
<) fhe;jp$p

m) fhy;tha; ? ,yf;fzg;nghyp
M) ik+;R ? Kjw;nghyp
,) ,y+;rp ?,ilg;nghyp
<) Kfd; ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
II. FWtpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpwhh;>
6.  tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s

7
mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>
7. Kj;Juhkyp=;fh; bgw;wpUe;j gy;Jiw Mw;wiyg; gw;wp vGJf.
III. rpW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
8. jk; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtUf;F muR bra;j rpwg;g[fs; ahit>
IV. tphpthd tpilaspf;f. 1x4=4
10. t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 97

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL

VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
gUtk; ? 1
fhyk; : 2.00 kzp kjpg;bgz; : 60

I. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f. 14 x 1 = 14

m. bghUs; vGJf.

g
1. tpujk; 2. fKF
M) gphpj;J vGJf.
3. g{l;L=;fjt[fs;
,) nrh;j;J vGJf
4. ahz;Lsndh
U
5. fy; + mis 6. thry; + my=;fhuk;
t
k;
<) nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
7. fuofisj; njdpaplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;WtJ mjd; ????????
8. bkhHpf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk; FWf;fk; ?????????
9. ahz;L vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????
10. brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk; FWf;fk; ?????????
11. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; ehia tpul;oaJ ????????
1
c) bghUj;Jf
12. bghf;fp&k; ? mHF
13. tp!;jhuk; ?bry;tk;
14. rp=;fhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[
? kpFjp
II. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitnaDk; MwDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 6 x 2 = 12
15. fhe;jpaf; ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toath; ahh;> Vd;>
16. fhl;od; gad;fshf; ftp+h; Rujh TWtd ahit>
17. thGk; bewp ahJ>
18. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpd;whs;>
19. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; ,aw;if tsk; vj;jiaJ>
20. ngr;RbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
7
21. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp vd;W vjidf; TWth;>
22. fuo midj;Jz;zp vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;>
23. ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lfrhiyia epWtpath; ahh;>
24. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtiug; ghuhl;og; bghpahh; TWtd ahit>
 89
98 ` f=;fh `

III. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 3+2=5

25. ``gr;ir...~~ vdj; bjhl=;fp / ...Tt[ko~~ vd;gJ tiua[s;s Rujhtpd; ftpijg;ghly;.
26. tha;ik vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
IV. vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6
27. KjbyGj;Jfs; ahit>
28. rhh;bgGj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>
29. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d>
30. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>
31. jFjp tHf;fpd; tiffs; ahit>
V. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;Fg; gj;J thpfspy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
32. m) ehty; ku epidt[fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
(my;yJ)
M) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfH;t[fs; gw;wp vGJf.

j 33. m) fhLfis mHpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fisg; gl;oaypLf.

(my;yJ)

kp
V.
M) rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fs; vit vd eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
fPHf ; hQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. (,uz;L kl;Lk;) 2 x 5 = 10
; f
H; 34. ePtph; fz;L fspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
35. t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
36. ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu tiuf.
VI. tl;lj;jpYs;s vGj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff. 1x3=3

7 vav
 ` f=;fh ` 99

7 g
U
t
k;
jkpH; 2

,uz;lhk; gUtk;
7
 001
100 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
1 ngiH fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
thdk; Cd;wpa kjiy nghy
Vzp rhj;jpa Vw;wU+; brd;dp
tpz;bghu epte;j ntah khlj;J
,utpy; khl;oa ,y=;FRlh; b+fpHp
cut[ePh; mGtj;J XLfyk; fiua[k;
Jiw....
E}y; : bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
Mrphpah; : foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;

j foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;:

kp -- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
-- foaY}hpy; thH;e;jth;.

H; -- g
 j;Jg;ghl;oy; cs;s bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk;
gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[s;shh;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. kjiy ? J}z; 2. befpHp ? jPr;Rlh; 3. mGtk; ?fly;
4. brd;dp ? cr;rp 5. cut[ePh; ? bgU ePh;g;gug;g[ 6. fiua[k; ? miHf;Fk;
7. ntah khlk; ? itf;nfhy; nghd;wtw;why; ntag;glhJ/ jpz;ikahf (typikahf)
rhe;J g{rg;gl;l khlk;.

7
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ______.
m) itf;nfhyhy; ntag;gLtJ M) rhe;jpdhy; g{rg;gLtJ
,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ [tpil : M]

2. cut[ePh; mGtk; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs;

m) fhw;W M) thdk; ,) fly; <) kiy [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 101

3. flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;Ftd _______.

m) kPd;fs; M) kuf;fy=;fs; ,) J}z;fs; <) khl=;fs; [tpil : M]
4. J}z; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; _______.
m) b+fpHp M) brd;dp ,) Vzp <) kjiy [tpil : <]

FW tpdh
1. kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ vJ>
kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ : fy=;fiu tpsf;fpd; xsp.
2. fy=;fiu tpsf;fpy; ve;neuj;jpy; tpsf;F Vw;wg;gLk;>
g
fy=;fiu tpsf;fpy; ,ut[neuj;jpy; tpsf;F Vw;wg;gLk;. U
rpW tpdh
t
1. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; gw;wpg; bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
-- fy=;fiu tpsf;fkhdJ thdk; fPnH tpHhky; jh=;fpf;bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; J}z;
nghyj; njhw;wk; mspf;fpd;wJ.
k;
-- mJ Vzp bfhz;L VwKoahj mst[f;F cauj;ijf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
-- i
 tf;nfhy; Mfpatw;why; ntag;glhky; typikahd rhe;J (Rz;zhk;g[)
g{rg;gl;l thdj;ij Kl;Lk; khlj;ij cilaJ.
2
-- m
 k; khlj;jpy; ,utpy; Vw;wg;gl;l vhpa[k; tpsf;F/ flypy; Jiw (vy;iy)
mwpahky; fy=;Fk; kuf;fy=;fisj; jd; Jiw (vy;iy) nehf;fp miHf;fpd;wJ.

rpe;jid tpdh
1. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; fg;gy; Xl;ofisj; jtpu ntW ahUf;bfy;yhk; gad;gLk; vd
eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
-- fly; Ma;t[ bra;gth;fs;
-- kPdth;fs;
-- fg;gw; gil tPuh;fs;
-- flypy; @H;fp Kj;bjLg;gth;fs; 7
 201
102 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk; gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa E}y;fspd; Mrphpah;
m) foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; M) bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
,) Kljhkf;fz;zpahh; <) ef;fPuh; [tpil : m]
2. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd;
m) foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; M) bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
,) Kljhkf;fz;zpahh; <) ef;fPuh; [tpil : M]
3. cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; thH;e;j Ch;
m) foaY}h; M) kJiu
,) g[fhh; <) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; [tpil : m]

j
4. flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;Fk; kuf;fy=;fisj; jd; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ
m) flw;fiu M) fg;gy;

kp ,) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]

H;
5. flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;FtJ
m) flw;fiu M) kuf;fy=;fs;
,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : M]
6. flw;gazk; brd;W fiu jpUk;gj; jkpHh; fz;l bjhHpy;El;gk;
m) flw;fiu M) fg;gy;
,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]
7. thdk; Cd;wpa kjiy nghd;wJ
m) flw;fiu M) fg;gy;

7
,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]

FW tpdh
1. foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; gw;wp ePtph; mwptd; ahit>
-- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
-- foaY}hpy; thH;e;jth;.
-- 
gj;Jg;ghl;oy; cs;s bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk; gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa
E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[ss; hh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 103

2. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil gw;wp ePtph; mwptd; ahit>

-- gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W : bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
-- ,aw;wpath; : foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;.
-- ,e;E}y; Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak; rhh;e;jJ.
-- ghl;Lilj;jiytd; : bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
3. Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak; vd;why; vd;d>
 ts;sy; xUthplk; ghpR bgw;W jpUk;g[k; g[yth;/ ghzh; nghd;nwhh; me;j ts;syplk;
brd;W ghpR bgw/ gpwUf;F tHpfhl;Ltjhfg; ghlg;gLrJ Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak;
MFk;.
g
4. `ntah khlk;~ bjhlh; bghUs; TWf. U
ntah khlk; : itf;nfhy; nghd;wtw;why; ntag;glhJ/ jpz;ikahf (typikahf)
rhe;J g{rg;gl;l khlk;. t
5. b+fpHp / mGtk; Mfpa brhw;fspd; bghUs; ahJ>
b+fpHp ? jPr;Rlh;/ mGtk; ? fly;
k;
rpW tpdh
1. gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fs; ahit>
 jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil  kJiuf;fh+;rp  bghUeuhw;Wg;gil
2
 beLey;thil  bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil  Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L
 rpWghzhw;Wg;gil  gl;odg;ghiy  Ky;iyg;ghl;L
 kiygLflhk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1.flw;fiuf;Fr; brd;W m=;Fs;s fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpH;f.
flw;fiu fhl;rpfs; (bkhpdh)
-- cyfpnya ,uz;lhtJ bghpa flw;fiu bkhpdhf; flw;fiu.
-- brd;idj; JiwKfj;ij cs;ehl;L/ btspehl;Lf; fg;gy;fs; mzptFj;J
tUfpd;wd.
-- mit e=;Tuk; gha;r;rp epw;Fk; mHF mUik.
7
-- kPd; gpof;fr; brd;W kPz;L tUk; kPdth;fs; glFfs; fk;gPukha; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd.
-- fhiy nehf;fp tUk; fly; miyfs; gpof;fKoahj khakhd;fs;.
-- fliyf; fz;L kfpH kf;fs; Tl;lk; Vuhsk;.
-- r=;FfSk;/ rpg;gpfSk; flw;fiuapy; bfhl;of;fplf;fpd;wJ.
 401
104 ` f=;fh `

2. `fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;;~ ? khjphp xd;W bra;J tUf.

khzth; bray;ghL
3. flYk;/ fy=;fiu tpsf;fKk; ? Xtpak; tiue;J tz;zk; jPl;Lf.

j
kp
H; vav
tpLfijfs;

21. Mapuk; ngh; mzptFj;jhYk;/ xU J}rp fpsk;ghJ. mJ vd;d>

22. btapypy; kyUk;/ fhw;wpy; cyUk;. mJ vd;d>

23. ntfhj bta;apypy; bts;isag;gd; tpisfpd;whd;. mJ vd;d>

7 24. midtiua[k; eL=;f itg;ghd; / MjtDf;nf ml=;Fthd;. mJ vd;d>

25. xw;iwf; fhy; Fs;sDf;F vl;L if. mJ vd;d>

tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 105

,ay; ftpijg;
1 ngiH ftpd;kpF fg;gy;

kUjd; ,sehfdhh;
-- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;fSs; xUth;.
-- f
 ypj;bjhifapd; kUjj;jpizapy; cs;s 35
ghly;fisg;ghoath;.
g
U
-- k
 Ujj;jpiz ghLtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; kUjd;
,sehfdhh; vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk; t
cU
t=;TH;
? mHF
? fhw;W
nghH
ePfhd;
? gpsf;f
? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
k;
t=;fk;
nfhL cah;
? fg;gy;
? fiu cah;e;j
vy; ? gfy;
khl xs;bshp ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

2
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. ,aw;if t=;TH; Ml;l ? mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; _______
m) epyk; M) ePh; ,) fhw;W <) beUg;g[ [tpil : ,]
2. kf;fs; _______ Vwp btspehLfSf;Fr; brd;wdh;.
m) flypy; M) fhw;wpy; ,) fHdpapy; <) t=;fj;jpy; [tpil : <]
3. g[yhy; ehw;wk; cilajhf mfehD}W TWtJ

7
m) fhw;W M) ehtha; ,) fly; <) kzy; [tpil : ,]
4. `bgU=;fly;~ ,r;brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ
m) bgU + fly; M) bgUik + fly;
,) bghpa + fly; <) bgU=; + fly; [tpil : M]

5. ,d;W + Mfp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ.

m) ,d;WMfp M) ,d;wpMfp
,) ,d;whfp <) ,d;whMfp [tpil : ,]
 601
106 ` f=;fh `

6. vJif ,lk;bgwhj ,iz ________

m) ,ut[ ? ,aw;if M) t=;fk;?r=;fk;
,) cyF ?g[yt[ <) mirt[ ? ,irt[ [tpil : m]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. t=;fk; ? gfy; 1. t=;fk; ? fg;gy;
2. ePfhd; ? fg;gy; 2. ePfhd; ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
3. vy; ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; 3. vy; ? gfy;
4. khl xs;bshp ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd; 4. khl xs;bshp ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
FWtpdh
1. ehthapd; njhw;wk; vt;thW ,Ue;jjhf mfehD}W TWfpwJ>
 ehthapd; njhw;wk; cyfk; ,lk;bgah;e;jJ nghd;W ,Ue;jjhf mfehD}W
TWfpwJ.

j 2. ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>

kp  ,ut[k; gfYk; Xhplj;jpy; epw;fhky; tPRfpd;w fhw;whdJ ehthia mirj;Jr;

brYj;jp ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Fj; Jiz bra;fpd;wJ..

H; rpWtpdh
1. flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W vt;thW tpsf;FfpwJ>
-- cyfk; ,lk;bgah;e;jJ nghd;W mHfpa njhw;wKilaJ ehtha;.
-- mJ g[yhy; ehw;wk; cila flypd; ePiug; gpse;J bfhz;L bry;Yk;.
-- ,ut[k; gfYk; Xhplj;jpy; epw;fhky; tPRfpd;w fhw;whdJ ehthia mirj;Jr;
brYj;Jk;.
-- cah;e;j jiuia cila kzy; epiwe;j JiwKfj;jpy; fy=;fiu tpsf;fj;jpd;
xspahy; jpir mwpe;J ehtha; Xl;Lgtd; ehthiar; brYj;Jthd;.

7
? vd;W flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W tpsf;FfpwJ.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jiutHpg;gazk; / fly;tHpg; gazk; Mfpatw;Ws; eP=;fs; tpUk;g[tJ vJ> Vd;>
 jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg; gazk; Mfpatw;Ws; ehd; tpUk;g[tJ : fly;tHpg;
gazk;.
fhuzk; : flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k;/ fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/
fly; jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ.
vdnt/ ehd; fly;tHpg; gazj;ij tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 107

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. beLe;bjhif vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; E}y;..
m) ew;wpiz M) FWe;bjhif
,) ghpghly; <) mfehD}W [tpil : <]

2. fypj;bjhifapy; kUjj;jpizg; ghly;fisg; ghoa g[yth;

m) kUjd; ,sehfdhh; M) fgpyh; g
,) ngadhh; <) ey;ye;Jtdhh; [tpil : m]
U
3. ftpd; kpF fg;gy; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;j ghly; ,lk; bgWk; E}y;
m) ew;wpiz M) FWe;bjhif t
,) ghpghly;
4. `vy;~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs;
<) mfehD}W [tpil : <]
k;
m) mHF M) gfy; ,) gpsf;f
5. bghpa flypd; ePiug; gpse;J bfhz;L bry;tJ...
m) ehtha; M) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
<) fiu [tpil : M]
2
,) fhw;W <) ePfhd; [tpil : m]

6. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy;...

m) khl xs;bshp M) ePfhd;
,) vy; <) nfhL cah; [tpil : m]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil:

7
1. cU ? gpsf;f 1. cU ? mHF
2. nghH ? mHF 2. nghH ? gpsf;f
3. t=;TH; ? fiu cah;e;j 3. t=;TH; ? fhw;W
4. nfhL cah; ? fhw;W. 4. nfhL cah; ? fiu cah;e;j
FW tpdh
1. g[yhy; ehw;wKilaJ vJ>
miy tPRk; bghpa fly; ePh; g[yhy; ehw;wKilaJ.
 801
108 ` f=;fh `

2. cs;sk; ctifapy; Js;Sk; vg;nghJ>

 miytPRk; flypy; mire;jhor; bry;Yk; fg;giyf; fhz cs;sk; ctifapy;
Js;Sk;.

3. fg;gy; vd;gjw;Fg; ghlypy; ,lk; bgWk; ntW brhy; vJ>

fg;gy; vd;gjw;Fg; ghlypy; ,lk; bgWk; ntW brhy; : t=;fk;

4. mfehD}W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

-- mfehD}W vl;Lj; bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W.
-- g[yth; gyuhy; ghlg;gl;l 400 ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
-- beLe;bjhif vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; E}y; ,Jnt.

5. kUjd; ,sehfdhh; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

-- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;fSs; xUth;.
-- fypj;bjhifapd; kUjj;jpizapy; cs;s 35 ghly;fisg;ghoath;.

j -- kUjj;jpiz ghLtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; kUjd; ,sehfdhh; vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.

rpW tpdh:
kp 1. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fs; ahit>

H;  ew;wpiz  FWe;bjhif
 I=;FWE}W  g[wehD}W


ghpghly;
gjpw;Wg;gj;J


mfehD}W
fypj;bjhif

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. flypy; fpilf;Fk; bghUl;fspd; bgah;fisj; bjhFf;f.
 Kj;J/ cnyhfj; jhJf;fs;/ vz;bza;/ ,aw;if tha[/ tspk ePnuwpfs;/ gtsk;/
Rz;zhk;g[ fw;fs;/ rpg;gpfs;/ r=;Ffs;/ cg;g[.
2. flw;gazk; gw;wpa rpWfij xd;wid mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.

7
fly; ? v!;.fz;zd;
 mtd; xU ,is+d;. mtdJ FLk;gk; kpft[k; VH;ikahd FLk;gk;. fs;sr;rhuak;
Foj;J mtd; mg;gh ,we;Jtpl;lhh;. mk;kh kw;Wk; jpUkz tajpy; j=;if mtDf;F.
mtDf;Ff; fpilj;j ntiyapy; FL;k;gj;ij elj;jnt gzk; nghjtpy;iy.
j=;ifapd; jpUkzj;ij vg;go elj;jg; nghfpnwhk; vd;w ftiyna mtDf;Fg;
bghpjhf ,Ue;jJ.
 kdjpd; epk;kjpf;fhf midtUk; flw;fiu nehf;fpr; bry;th;. mtDk; mg;goa[k;
rpy ehl;fs; brd;whd;. if epiwa vg;nghJ rk;ghjpg;gJ> vg;nghJ j=;iff;Fj;
jpUkzk; bra;tJ> ,it mtd; kdij mGj;jpf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ. xU ehs;
 ` f=;fh ` 109

jw;bfhiy bra;ayhk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; fiunahuk; mkh;e;J ,Ue;jhd;. mJ ,ut[

neuk; flw;fiuapy; ahUkpy;iy.
 fly; ePh; mtd; ntjid nghy; cg;ghfnt ,Ue;jJ. J}uj;jpy; ahnuh fliy
nehf;fp xLtJ nghy; ,Ue;jJ. ,td; mtisf; fhg;ghw;wpdhd;. mtsJ mg;gh/
mk;kh Xnlho te;jdh;. jpUkzk; Md @d;W khjj;jpy; fztd; ,we;jjhy; mts;
,j;jifa Kot[f;F te;jij mwpe;jhd;.
 me;jg; bgz;zpd; mg;gh/ bghpa fhh; epWtdj;jpd; Kjyhsp. ,td; epiyia
mwpe;J/ mtDf;F ntiya[k; bfhLj;J/ mtdJ j=;iff;Fk; jpUkzk; bra;J
itj;jhh;. mtdJ ed;dlj;ijahy; epWtdj;jpd; vk;.o. Mf cah;e;jhd;. Kjyhsp
mtuJ bgz;iza[k; jpUkzk; bra;J itf;fpd;whh;. kPz;Lk; jdf;F thH;t[ je;j
g
flw;fiuf;Fr; bry;fpd;whd;. miy Mde;jj;Jld; Mh;g;ghpj;J/ mtd; kPJ tpGe;jJ. U
t
,d;gj;jpy; fly; ePh; ,dpikahdJ.

k;
vav
tpLfijfs;

26. vl;lhj ,uhzpahk;/ ,utpy; tUths;/ gfypy; kiwths;. mJ vd;d>

27. kz;Qf;Fs; fplg;ghd;. k=;fsfukhdtd;. mJ vd;d>

2
28. gy; Jyf;fhjtDf;F clk;bgy;yhk; gw;fs;. mJ vd;d>

29. Kj;J tPl;Lf;Fs;ns jl;Lg; gyif. mJ vd;d>

30. kz;ilapy; nghl;lhy; kfpH;e;J rphpg;ghd;. mJ vd;d>

31. epyj;jpy; Kisf;fhj bro/ epkph;e;J epw;fhj bro. mJ vd;d>

tpil gf;fk; : 204

vav

7
 011
110 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ciueil
1 cyfk; jkpHhpd; fg;gw;fiy

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. jkpHhpd; rpwpa ePh;epiyfisf; flf;fg; gad;gLj;jpaJ ??????????.
m) fyk; M) t=;fk; ,) ehtha; <) Xlk; [tpil : <]

2. bjhy;fhg;gpak; flw;gazj;ij ?????????? tHf;fk; vd;W TWfpd;wJ.

m) ed;dPh; M) jz;zPh; ,) Ke;ePh; <) fz;zPh; [tpil : ,]
3. fg;giy chpa jpirapy; jpUg;g[tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtp
m) Rf;fhd; M) e=;Tuk; ,) fz;il <) rKf;F [tpil : m]

j nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

kp 1. fg;gy; fl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLk; ku Mzpfs; ________ vd miHf;fg;gLk;.

H;
tpil : bjhFjp
2. fg;gy; Xhplj;jpy; epiyahf epw;f cjt[tJ ________ tpil : e=;Tuk;

3. ,iHj;j kuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cUt=;fs; ________ vdf;Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

tpil : fz;zil
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil:
1. vuh ? jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp 1. vuh ? mokuk;
2. gUky; ? mokuk; 2. gUky; ? FWf;F kuk;

7 3. kPfhkd; ? FWf;F kuk;

4. fhe;j Crp ? fg;giyr; brYj;Jgth;
bjhlh;fspy; mikj;J vGJ.
3. kPfhkd; ? fg;giyr; brYj;Jgth;
4. fhe;j Crp ? jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp

1. ePnuhl;lk; ? MH;Jisf;fpzW mikf;Fk; Kd;dh; ePnuhl;lk; ghh;g;gh;.

2. fhw;wpd; jpir ? fg;giyf; fhw;wpd; jpirf;nfw;g brYj;Jth;.
3. thdpay; mwpt[ ? jkpHh; thdpay; mwptpy; rpwe;J tps=;fpdh;.
4. Vw;Wkjp ? gz;ila fhyj;jpy; fly;tzpfk; @yk; Vw;Wkjp eilbgw;wJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 111

FW tpdh
1. njhzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bgah;f;fhuzj;ijf; TWf.
 vil Fiwe;j bghpa ku=;fspd; cl;gFjpiaf; File;J njhz;lg;gl;lit
`njhzp~ vdg;gl;ld.
2. fg;gy; fl;Lk;nghJ kug;gyiffSf;F ,ilna nj=;fha; ehh; (m)g+;R itg;gjd;
nehf;fk; vd;d>
 ku=;fisa[k; gyiffisa[k; xd;nwhL xd;whf ,izf;f ,ilna nj=;fha; ehh;
(my;yJ) g+;R Mfpatw;wpy; xd;iw itj;J ed;whf ,Uf;fp Mzpfis miwe;jdh;.
g
3. fg;gy; cWg;g[fs; rpytw;wpd; bgah;fis f; TWf.
 vuh  gUky;  t=;F  Tk;g[ U
 gha;kuk;  Rf;fhd;
? nghd;wit fg;gy; cWg;g[fs; MFk;.
 e=;Tuk;
t
rpW tpdh k;
2
1. rpwpa ePh;epiyfisa[k; fly;fisa[k; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd;
bgah;fis vGJf.
rpwpa ePh;epiyfisf; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd; bgah;fs; :
 njhzp  Xlk;  glF
 g[iz  kpjit  bjg;gk;
fly;fisf; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd; bgah;fs;:
 fyk;  t=;fk;  ehtha;

2. gz;ilj; jkpHhpd; fg;gy; brYj;Jk; Kiw gw;wpf; TWf.

-- f
hw;wpd; jpir mwpe;J fg;gy;fs; brYj;Jk; Kiwiaj; jkpHh; ed;F mwpe;J
itj;jpUe;jdh;.

7
-- f
 lypy; fhw;W tPRk; jpir/ ePnuhl;l=;fspd; jpir Mfpatw;iwj; jkpHh;fs; ed;F
mwpe;J itj;J/ chpa fhyj;jpy; chpa jpirapy; fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.
-- j
 pirfhl;Lk; fUtp kw;Wk; tpz;kPd;fspd; epiyia itj;J jpiria mwpe;J
fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.
-- rpwe;j thdpay; mwpit khYkpfs; bgw;wpUe;jdh;.
-- n
 fhs;fspd; epiyia itj;Jg; g[ay;/ kiH nghd;wit njhd;Wk; fhy=;fisa[k;
fly; ePh; bgh=;Fk; fhyj;ija[k; mwpe;J rhpahd fhyj;jpy; fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.
 211
112 ` f=;fh `

3. fg;gy; ghJfhg;ghdjhf mikaj; jkpHh;fs; ifahz;l tHpKiwfs; ahit>

-- fg;gy; jz;zPhpnyna ,Ug;git vd;gjhy; jz;zPuhy; ghjpg;g[ Vw;glhj
ku=;fisna gad;gLj;jpdh;.
-- ePh; kl;l itg;gpw;F ntk;g[/ ,Yg;ig/ g[d;id/ ehty; ku=;fisa[k; gf;f=;fSf;Fj;
njf;F/ btz; njf;F ku=;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.
-- RHp cila ku=;fisj; jtph;j;jdh;.
-- ku=;fisa[k; gyiffisa[k; xd;nwhL xd;whf ,izf;f ,ilna nj=;fha;
ehh; (my;yJ) g+;R Mfpatw;wpy; xd;iw itj;J ed;whf ,Uf;fp Mzpfis
miwe;jdh;.
-- Rz;zhk;iga[k; rziya[k; fye;J miuj;J mjpy; vz;bza; fye;J fg;gypd;
mog;gFjpapy; g{rpdh;. ,jdhy; fg;gy; gGjilahky; ePz;lfhyk; ciHj;jd.
-- ,Uk;g[ JUg;gpof;Fk; vd;gjhy; kuMzpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. 
,f;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; btspehLfSf;Fr; bry;tjw;Ff; flw;gazj;ijg; bghpJk;
j nkw;bfhs;shjJ Vd; vdr; rpe;jpj;J vGJf.

kp -- fg;gypy; btspehLfSf;Fg; gazk; bra;jhy; ePz;lehl;fs; gazk;

bra;antz;Lk;. mjdhy; fhy tpiuak; Vw;gLk;.

H; -- mjptpiut[f;Ff; flw;gazk; gad;gLtjpy;iy.

-- fly; caphpd=;fs; kw;Wk; g[ay; nghd;wit mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
-- mjpfbghUl;bryit Vw;gLj;Jk;.
? nghd;w fhuz=;fshy; ,f;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; btspehLfSf;Fr; bry;tjw;Ff;
flw;gazj;ijg; bghpJk; nkw;bfhs;stpy;iy.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

7
1. 
g{k;g[fhh; JiwKfj;jpypUe;J fg;gy;fs; @yk; bghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp
bra;ag;gl;lijf; TWk; E}y;
m) jpUf;Fws; M) gl;odg;ghiy
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) nre;jd; jpthfuk; [tpil : M]
2. gytifahd fg;gy;fspd; bgaiuf;Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;
m) jpUf;Fws; M) gl;odg;ghiy
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) nre;jd; jpthfuk; [tpil : <]
 ` f=;fh ` 113

3. kuj;jpdhy; Md Mzp
m) jr;RKHk; M) bjhFjp ,) fz;zil <) fk;kpah; [tpil : M]
4. gHe;jkpHh; ????????? tHpfhl;ofshfg; gad;gLj;jp fly;gazk; bra;jpUf;fyhk;.
m) Mikfs; M) Fjpiufs; ,) ahidfs; <) ku=;fs; [tpil : m]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. jkpHh;fs; Kw;fhyj;jpnyna fg;gy; _______ ed;F mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdh;.
tpil : fl;Lk; fiyia
g
2.

fg;gy; fl;Lk; fiy+h;fs; _______ vd;W miHf;fg;gl;ldh;.
tpil : fk;kpah; U
3. _______ vd;gJ ,iHj;j kuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cUt=;fs; MFk;.
t

4. kuj;jpd; btl;lg;gl;l gFjpia _______ vd;gh;.

tpil : fz;zil

tpil : btl;Ltha; k;
5.

6.

,j;jhyp ehl;L flw;gazp _______. tpil : khh;f;nfhnghyh

fhw;wpd; cjtpahy; brYj;jg;gLk; fg;gy;fs;_______ vdg;gl;ld.

tpil : gha;kuf;fg;gy;fs;
2
FWtpdh
1. jkpHh;fs; fg;gy; fl;Lk; bjhHpypy; gue;J gl;l mwpt[ bgw;wpUe;jdh; vd;gij tpsf;Fk;
E}y;fs; vit>
 jpUf;Fws;  gl;odg;ghiy  mfehD}W  gjpw;Wg;gj;J
 nre;jd; jpthfuk;
2. jkpHh;fs; may;ehLfSf;Ff; fg;gypy; brd;wdh; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W xd;W jUf.
 epa{rpyhe;J ehl;L btyp=;ld; mU=;fhl;rpafj;jpy; gH=;fhyj; jkpH;ehl;Lf;

7
fg;gy;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kzp xd;W ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.,Jnt/ jkpHh;fs;
may;ehLfSf;Ff; fg;gypy; brd;wdh; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W MFk;.
3. bghpa fg;gw;gil bfhz;L gyehLfs; btd;w nrhHh;fs; ahth;>
 ,uhruhr nrhHd;  ,uhnre;jpu nrhHd;
4. fhpKf mk;gp / ghpKf mk;gp vd;why; vd;d>
fhpKf mk;gp : bghpa glFfspy; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; ahidapd; jiy nghd;W totikg;gJ.
ghpKf mk;gp : bghpa glFfspy; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; Fjpiuapd; jiy nghd;W totikg;gJ.
 411
114 ` f=;fh `

5. jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa gha;ku=;fs; ahit>

 bghpa gha;kuk;  jpUf;ifj;jpg; gha;kuk;
 fhzg;gha; kuk;  nfhRg;gha;kuk;
6. fg;gy; brYj;Jgth;fSf;F tH=;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>
 khYkp  kPfhkd;  ePfhd;  fg;gnyhl;o
rpW tpdh
1. gha;ku=;fisf; fl;Lk; fapw;wpd; tiffs; ahit>
 M+;rhd; fapW  jhk;gh=;fapW  ntlh=;fapW
 gsp=;iff;fapW  @l;lh=;fapW  ,s=;fapW
 nfhog;gha;f;fapW
2. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; ? bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.
-- fyk; vd;why; fg;gy;.

j -- fiujy; vd;why; miHj;jy;.

-- fg;giy miHf;Fk; tpsf;F vd;Dk; bghUspy; `fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;~ vdg;gl;lJ.

kp fw;git fw;wgpd;
(gf;fk; ? 12)
H; 1. gy;tifahd fg;gy;fspd; gl=;fisr; nrfhpj;Jg; glj;bjhFg;g[ xd;W cUthf;Ff.

2. jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg;gazk;/ thd;tHpg;gazk; Mfpait Fwpj;J

tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.

7
Mrphpah; :
khzhf;fh;fns- jiutHpg;gazk; / fly;tHpg;gazk; / thd;tHpg;gazk; Mfpait
Fwpj;J ,d;W fye;Jiuahly; bra;a[=;fs;.
ahHpdp :
,d;iwa epiyapy; jiutHpg;gazk; kl;Lnk rpwe;jJ. Vbdd;why;/ bry;y ntz;oa
,lj;jpw;F Ch;jpfs; @yk; tpiuthfr; bry;yyhk;. vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghLkpd;wpr;
bry;yyhk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 115

mKjd; :
flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k; / fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/ fly;
jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ. vdnt/
ehd; fly;tHpg; gazj;ij tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
fht;ah :
jiu kw;Wk; fg;gy; tHp gaz=;fistplr; rpwe;jJ thd;tHpg;gazk; MFk;. gy
ehl;fs; bry;y ntz;oa gazj;ij xU rpy kzp neu=;fspnyna bry;yyhk;.

mjptpiut[f;F Vw;wJ.
Mrphpah; : g
ed;W khzth;fns- U
vav t
rpe;jidg;g[jph;

3. eLtHpa Xa;t[f;fhk;/ fil apuz;oy; VJkpy;iy/ @d;bwGj;jpy; cLj;jyhk;/

k;
bkhj;jj;jpy; bgz;fs; tpUg;gk;. ehd; ahh;>

4. 
filrp vGj;J khwpdhy; jpd;dyhk;/ KjYk; filrpa[k; nrh;e;jhy; FspUk;.
bkhj;jj;jpy; KUfd; ,lk;. brhy;Y=;fs;.
2
tpil gf;fk; : 139

tpLfij

31. epyj;jpy; Kisf;fhj bro/ epkph;e;J epw;fhj bro. mJ vd;d>

32. mo kyh;e;jJ Edp kyuhj g{. mJ vd;d>

33. ge;jpf;F tUk; Ke;jp/ btspna tUk; gpe;jp. mJ vd;d>

34. nfhzy; ,Ue;jhYk;/ Fzk; khwhJ. mJ vd;d>

35. miwfs; mwE}W. mj;jida[k; xnu miwfs;. mJ vd;d>

tpil gf;fk; : 204
7
vav
 611
116 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
1 tphpthdk; MH;flypd; moapy;

$^y;!; bth;d;
-- mwptpay; g[idfijfspd; jiykfd; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth;.
-- gpuhd;R rhl;ilr; rhh;e;jth;.
-- g
 y mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fs; fz;Lgpog;gjw;F Kd;nd
jk; g[j;pdj;jpy; mijg;gw;wpf; Twpath;.
-- v
 z;gJ ehs;fspy; cyifr; Rw;wp / g{kpapd; ikaj;ij
nehf;fp xU gazk; / MH;flypd; moapy; Kjypa
g[jpd=;fisg; gilj;jth;.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

j `MH;flypd; moapy;~ fijiar; RUf;fp tiuf.

kp
H; fijkhe;jh; mwpKfk;:
gpahp ? tpy=;fpay; nguhrphpah;
Bguhfl; ? mbkhpf;fh epa[{ahh;f;fpypUe;J g[wg;gl;l nghh;f; fg;gypd; jiyth;.
bel; ? <l;o vwpe;J jpkp=;fpy=;fis ntl;ilahLtjpy; ty;yth;.
fhd;rPy; ? gpahpapd; cjtpahsh;.

Kd;Diu
 mwptpay; g[idfijfspd; jiykfd; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth; $^y;!; bth;d;. mth;
vGjpa `MH;flypd; moapy;~ vd;w g[jpdj;jpd; fijapidr; RUf;fpf; fhz;nghk;.

7 tpy=;ifj; njoa gazk;

 flypy; cnyhfj;jhy; Md clk;g[ bfhz;l xU tpy=;F flypy; bry;nthiuj;
jhf;fpaJ. mjidf; fz;Lgpoj;J mHpf;f gpahp/ Bguhfl;/bel;/fhd;rPy; Mfpnahh;
bfhz;l FG epa{ahhf; efhpy; ,Ue;J xU nghh;f;fg;gypy; bry;fpd;wJ. mbkhpf;fh
Kjy; $g;ghd; tiu @d;W khj=;fshfj; njoa[k; me;j tpy=;F fpilf;ftpy;iy. xU
ehs; me;j tpy=;F ,th;fspd; fg;giyj; jhf;fpaJ. gPu=;fpf; Fz;LfSk;/ bel;od;
<l;oa[k; me;j tpy=;Ffis vJt[k; bra;a Koatpy;iy. mJ ,th;fisj; J}f;fp
tPrpaJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 117

ePh;@H;fpf; fg;gy;
 mJ tpy=;fd;W. ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; vd;gij mth;fs; mwpe;jdh;. mth;fis ePh;
@H;fpf; fg;gy; tPuh;fs; rpiwgpoj;jdh;. me;j ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; bgah; ehl;oy!;
vd;Wk; / mjd; jiyth; benkh vd;gija[k;/ ,f;fg;giy tpe;ijahd tpy=;F vd;W
ek;g itj;jija[k; nenkh Twptpl;L/ ,r;bra;jp mwpe;j c=;fis btspapy; mDg;g
KoahJ. vdf;fhd ,e;jj; jdp cyfj;jpy; jhd; eP=;fSk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;whh;.
midtUk; mr;rg;gl;ldh;.
fg;gypd; ,af;fk;
 fg;gYf;Fj; njitahdit vg;go c=;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;W vd;W gpahp/
benkhtplk; nfl;lhh;. mjw;F mth; kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;f jitahd fUtpfs; cs;sd/
g
fg;gypy; kpfg;bghpa ePh;j;bjhl;o cs;sJ. mjid epug;g[k; nghJ fg;gy; fly;
moapYk; ePh; btspnaWk; nghJ nky; bry;fpd;wJ. rpy ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw fg;gy; U
nkny tUk; bghGJ Rthrpf;fj; njitahd fhw;iwg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf;bfhs;Sk;/ fhw;Wr;
nrfhpf;Fk; epiwa igfSk; cs;sd vd;whh;. t
kzy; jpl;oy; rpf;fpa fg;gy;
 xU ehs; kzy; jpl;oy; fg;gy; rpf;fptpl;lJ. J}uj;jpy; bjhpe;j jPtpy; fha;fwp
k;
th=;fp tu mth;fis/ benkh ,irtspj;jhh;. mth;fs; fha;fwpfs; th=;fpf; bfhz;L
jpUk;g[k; nghJ mj;jPtpy; cs;sth;fs; Juj;jpdhh;fs;. mth;fpsplk; khl;lhky; fg;gy;
te;J nrh;e;jdh;. mf;fg;giy mth;fs; Kw;Wifapl;ldh;. flypd; ePh;kl;lk; cau
fg;gy; nkny te;jJ. MW ehs; nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpwF fg;gy; gazk; bjhlh;e;jJ.
2
flYf;foapy; mth;fs; bry;Yk; nghJ/ Kj;Jf;Fspj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j ,e;jpah;
xUtiu Rwhtplk; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;wpdh;.flyoapd; cd;dj fhl;rpfis vy;yhk;
fz;L kfpH;e;jdh;.
Kot[iu
 bgUk; fly; RHypy; fg;gy; khl;of; bfhz;lJ. @tUk; J}f;fptPrg;gl;ldh;.
kaf;fepiyapy; ehh;nt ehl;L kPdth; Foirapy; ,Ue;jij tpHpj;Jg; ghh;j;jdh;.
benkht[k; fg;gYk; vd;d MdJ vd;W bjhpatpy;iy.

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. MH;fly; fhl;rpbahd;iwf; fw;gidahfg; glk; tiue;J tz;zk; jPl;Lf.
7
 811
118 ` f=;fh `

2. ePh;@H;fpf; fg;gy; ,a=;Fk; Kiwgw;wpa bra;jpfisj; jpul;o bjhFj;J vGJf.

-- j
 z;zPhpy; xU bghUs; jd; vilia tpl mjpf vila[s;s ePiu btspnaw;wpdhy;
kl;Lnk mg;bghUs; kpjf;Fk; vd;gJ Mh;f;fpkpo!; jj;Jtk;.
-- mjd; mog;ilapy; jhd; ePh; @H;fpf;fg;gy;fs; ,a=;Ffpd;wd.
-- ruisj; bjhl;ofs; ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy;fisr; Rw;wp totikf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.
-- ,
 J fhw;why; epug;gg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;. Rw;wpf; fhw;W ,Ug;gjhy;/ ePhpy; ,Uf;Fk;
fhw;iw btspnaw;wpdhy; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ePuhdJ epuk;g[k;.
-- ,g;go epuk;gpdhy; vil mjpfhpf;Fk; fg;gy; ePhpy; @H;Fk;.

vav
tpLfijfs;

36. ePhpny caph; bgw;W epyj;jpny ePh; ,iwg;ghd;. mJ vd;d>

j 37. xw;iwf; fhy; nfhHpf;F tapW epiwa Kl;il. mJ vd;d>

kp 38. elf;fj; bjhpahjtDf;F tHpfhl;Lthd;. mJ vd;d>

H; tpil gf;fk; : 204

xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs

11. jPikia ed;ikahy; bty;.

12. jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k; ciHg;g[k; btw;wp jUk;.

13. xGf;fk; cah;t[ jUk;.

14. thrpg;gnj cz;ikahd Rthrpg;g[.

7 15. kpfg;bghpa Ma[jk; g[j;jfk;.

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 119

,ay;
1 fw;fz;L ,yf;fpatifr; brhw;fs;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. vy;yhh;f;Fk; vspjpy; bghUs; tps=;Fk; brhy; ???????
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : m]; g
2. gybghUs; jUk; xU brhy; vd;gJ ??????? U
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : M]
3. tlbkhHp vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; bkhHp ??????
t
m) kiyahsk; M) fd;dlk; ,) rk!;fpUjk; <) bjY=;F [tpil : ,]
bghUj;Jf.
k;
1) ,aw;brhy;
2) jphpbrhy;
tpdh
? bgw;wk;
? ,uj;jk;
1) ,aw;brhy;
2) jphpbrhy;
tpil
? nrhW
? mGtk;
2
3) jpirr;brhy; ? mGtk; 3) jpirr;brhy; ? bgw;wk;
4) tlbrhy; ? nrhW 4) tlbrhy; ? ,uj;jk;

FW tpdh
1. kz;/ bghd; vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;>
kz;/ bghd; vd;gd bgah;,aw;brhy;tifr; brhw;fs; MFk;.
2. ,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>
1. bgah;,aw;brhy; 2. tpid,aw;brhy; 3. ,il,aw;brhy; 4. chp ,aw;brhy;
3. F=;Fkk;/ fkyk; vd;gd vt;tif tlbrhw;fs;>
F=;Fkk;/ fkyk; vd;gd jw;rkk; tif tlbrhw;fs; MFk;.
rpW tpdh
7
1. ,yf;fpa tifr; brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
,yf;fpa tifr; brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mit ahtd:
1) ,aw;brhy; 2) jphpbrhy; 3) jpirr;brhy; 4) tlbrhy;
 021
120 ` f=;fh `

2. jphpbrhy;ypd; tiffs; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff.

jphpbrhy; bgah;/ tpid/ ,il/ chp Mfpa ehd;F epiyapy; tUk;.
xU bghUs; Fwpj;j gy jphpbrhy;/ gy bghUs; Fwpj;j xU jphpbrhy; vdt[k; ,U
tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
3. gz;oif/ nfzp vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;> tpsf;Ff.
gz;oif/ nfzp vd;gd jpirr;brhw;fs; MFk;.
tpsf;fk; : g
 z;oif/ nfzp Mfpa brhw;fs; jkpHpy; tHf;fpy; ,Ue;jhYk; ,it
jkpH;r;brhw;fs; md;W. tlbkhHp jtpu gpwbkhHpfspypUe;J te;j brhw;fs;
jpirr;brhw;fs; MFk;.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.

1. fly;/ fg;gy; vd;gd _______
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : m]
j 2. t=;TH;/ mGtk; vd;gd _______

kp m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : M]

3. rhtp/ rd;dy;/ gz;oif/ ,uapy; vd;gd _______
H; m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : ,]
4. tUlk;/ khjk;/ fkyk; vd;gd _______
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : <]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. ele;jhd;/ te;jhd; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : tpid

2. mtid/ mtdhy; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : ,il

7
3. khefh; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : chp
4. ,ak;gpdhd;/ gapd;whd; vd;gJ ________ jphpbrhy;. tpil : tpidj;
5. md;d/ khh; vd;gJ ________ jphpbrhy;. tpil : ,ilj;
6. ,uapy;/ bgw;wk; vd;gd ________ brhw;fs;. tpil : jpirr;
7. tlbrhw;fis ________/ ________ vd ,U tifahfg; gphpg;gh;.
tpil : jw;rkk;/ jw;gtk;
 ` f=;fh ` 121

FWtpdh
1. brhy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
Xh; vGj;j jdpj;Jk; xd;wpw;F nkw;gl;l vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;e;J te;J bghUs; jUtJ
brhy; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : g{/ mwk;
2. brhy; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; ntW brhw;fs; ahit>
 bkhHp  gjk;  fpstp
3. jphpbrhy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
fw;nwhh;f;F kl;Lk; tps=;Ftjhft[k;/ ,yf;fpa=;fspy;
 kl;Lk; gapd;W g
tUgitahft[k; mika[k; brhw;fs; jphpbrhy; MFk;.
rhd;W : t=;TH; (fhw;W)/ mGtk;(fly;)
U
4. jpirr;brhy; vd;why; vd;d> t
tlbkhHp jtpu gpwbkhHpfspypUe;J te;j brhw;fs; jpirr;brhy; MFk;.
5. tlbrhy; vd;why; vd;d>
tlbkhHpapypUe;J te;J jkpHpy; ,lk; bgWk; brhw;fs; tlbrhw;fs; MFk;.
k;
rpW tpdh
1. ,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
2
1) bgah;r;brhy; 2) tpidr;brhy; 3) ,ilr;brhy; 4) chpr;brhy;

fw;git fw;wgpd;
ehspjH; bra;jpbahd;iw vLj;Jf;bfhz;L mjpYs;s ehy; tifr; brhw;fisa[k;
tifg;gLj;jpg; gl;oay; cUthf;Ff.
ehspjH; bra;jp : ``,iwj;J CUk; nfzp nghy fy;tp mwptpy; khzth;fs; rpwe;J
tps=;f ntz;Lk;. ,jH; tphpe;J kzk; gug;g[k; g[&;gk; nghy nkd;ik
bgw ntz;Lk; vd;W khzth;fisj; jiyth;fs; thH;j;jpdh;~~.
,aw;brhy;
fy;tp
khzth;fs;
jphpbrhy;

,iwj;J
nfzp
jpirr;brhy; tlbrhy;
7
mwptpy; nfzp g[&;gk;
,jH;
jiyth;fs;
nkd;ik
rpwe;J
 221
122 ` f=;fh `

bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
nfl;f.
flw;gazk; bjhlh;ghd fijfisg; bghpnahhplk; nfl;L kfpH;f.
 fg;gy; xd;wpy; Rw;Wyh bry;y ,UgJ ngh; Maj;jkhdhh;fs;.JiwKfj;ij nehf;fp
kfpH;t[ld; midtUk; brd;wdh;. fg;gy; te;jt[ld; ehd;F FLk;gj;jhUk; fg;gypy;
mkh;e;jdh;. fg;gy; rpwpJ J}uk; bry;Yifapy; Ml;lk;/ ghl;lk;/ bfhz;lhl;lk; vd
jpUtpHh nghy ,Ue;jJ. fgpydpd; FLk;gKk; j=;fs; Ie;J taJ kfdplk; flypd;
mHiff; Twp kfpH;e;J te;jdh;.
 fg;gy; xU jPit mile;jJ. m=;F midtUk; czt[ cz;L tpl;L/
Xa;btLj;jdh;. khiy neuk; Mdt[ld; kPz;Lk; fg;gy; gazk; bjhl=;fpaJ.,ut[
ntfkhfr; brd;wJ. fhiyapy; g[j;Jzh;t[ld; fg;gypy; ,Ue;J fly; ePiuj; bjhl;L
kfpH;e;jdh;. fgpydpd; Ie;J taJ kfd; fly; ePiuj; bjhl Mirg;gl;lhd;. fgpyd;
J}f;f/ kfd; jz;zPiuj; bjhl;L kfpH;e;jhd;.
 jpObud fg;gy; FY=;fpaJ. Vnjh xU rj;jk; fg;gy; ga=;fukhf Mlj;bjhl=;fpaJ.
fgpydpd; kfd; ifia Kjiy xd;W ft;tp ,Gj;jJ. fhg;gw;w fjwp mGJ

j Kaw;rpj;jdh;. khYkp FHe;ijia tpltpy;iy vd;why; ,e;jf; fg;gy; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfp

kw;w 19 ngUk; ,wf;f nehpLk; vd;whh;. fgpyd; jd; kfDf;fhf 19 ngh; rhf ntz;Lkh

kp vdr; brhy;yp jd; kfid Kjiyaplk; fht[ bfhLj;J 19 ngh; capiuf; fhg;ghw;w;p
fjwp mGjhd;.

H; gpd;tUk; jiyg;g[fspy; ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.

fg;gy;fspd; tiffSk; gad;fSk;
 jhna- jkpnH- tzf;fk;. fg;gy;fspd; tiffSk; gad;fSk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. th;j;jff; fg;gy;fs;/ flw;gil fg;gy;fs; vd gy tiff;
fg;gy;fs; cs;sd. th;j;jff; fg;gy;fis @d;W tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;. ruf;Ff; fg;gy;/
gazpfs; fg;gy;/ rpwg;g[ njitf; fg;gy; MfpadthFk;. ruf;Ff; fg;gy;fs; cyh; kw;Wk;
jput ruf;Fg; nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wJ. gazpfSf;Fg; gad;gLk; fg;gy;
gazpfs; fg;gy;. fly; gFjp vy;iyiag; ghJfhf;Fk; fg;gy; fg;gw;gilf;fg;gy;
MFk;.ed;wp.

7
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;
fhyk; @d;W tifg;gLk; : 1. ,we;jfhyk; 2. epfH;fhyk; 3. vjph;fhyk;
1. ,we;jfhyk; : ele;j braiyf;Fwpg;gJ ,we;jfhyk;.
rhd;W : ghh;j;jhd;/ Modhs;.
2. epfH;;fhyk; : elf;Fk; bray;fisf; Fwpg;gJ epfH;;fhyk;.
rhd;W : ghh;f;fpwhd;/ MLfpd;whs;.
3. vjph;fhyk; : elf;ftpUf;Fk; braiyf; Fwpg;gJ vjph;fhyk;.
rhd;W : fhz;ghd;/ MLths;.
 ` f=;fh ` 123

fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.
nth;r;brhy; ,we;jfhyk; epfH;fhyk; vjph;fhyk;
el ele;jhs; elf;fpwhs; elg;ghs;
vGJ vGjpdhs; vGJfpwhs; vGJths;
XL Xodhs; XLfpwhs; XLths;
rphp rphpj;jhs; rphpf;fpwhs; rphpg;ghs;
gpo gpoj;jhs; gpof;fpwhs; gpog;ghs; g
,w=;F ,w=;fpdhs; ,w=;Ffpwhs; ,w=;Fths;
U
bghUj;jkhd fhyk; mika[khW jpUj;jp vGJf.
t
1. mKjd; new;W tPl;Lf;F tUthd;.
tpil : mKjd; new;W tPl;Lf;F te;jhd;. k;
2
2. fz;kzp ehis ghlk; goj;jhs;.
tpil : fz;kzp ehis ghlk; gog;ghs;.
3. khLfs; ,g;bghGJ g[y; nka[k;.
tpil : khLfs; ,g;bghGJ g[y; nka;fpwJ.
4. Mrphpah; ehis rpWnjh;t[ elj;jpdhh;.
tpil : Mrphpah; ehis rpWnjh;t[ elj;Jthh;.
5. eh=;fs; new;Wf; flw;fiuf;Fr; bry;fpnwhk;.
tpil : eh=;fs; new;Wf; flw;fiuf;Fr; brd;nwhk;.

bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.

gaz=;fspd; gytif
Kd;Diu ? gazj;jpd; njit ? jiutHpg;gazk; ? fly;tHpg;gazk; ? thd;tHptHpg;

gazk; ? Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
7
 gazk; vd;gJ r=;ffhyk; Kjy; epfH;e;J tUfpd;wJ. eilgazkhfj; bjhl=;fpa
gazj; njhw;wk; mwptpay; tsh;r;rpahy; ,d;W gy;ntW khWjy;fSf;F cs;shfp
,Uf;fpd;wJ. gaz neuk; ,d;W kpft[k; RU=;fptpl;lJ.
 421
124 ` f=;fh `

gazj;jpd; njit :
 kdpjd; jd;Dila mog;gilj; njitfSf;fht[k;/ gz;lkhw;W Kiwf;fhft[k;/
bghUl;fis th=;ft[k; tpw;ft[k; re;ijg;gLj;jt[k;. jk; cwtpdh; kw;Wk; ez;gh;fisj;
bjhlh;g[ bfhs;tjw;Fk;/ kUj;Jtj; njitf;fhft[k; gazj;jpd; njit Vw;gl;lJ.
gazj;jpd; jd;ikf; nfw;g jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg;gazk;/ thd;tHptHpg;
gazk; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
jiu tHpg;gazk; :
 gH=;fhyk; Kjy; jiutHpg;gaznk mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
eilgazkhfnt Muk;g fhy fl;lj;jpy; gazk; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ.khl;L
tz;o/ Fjpiu tz;oapd; @yk; eilbgw;w jiutHpg; gazk;. gpd;dh; mwptpay;
tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf kpjptz;o/ kfpH;t[e;J/ ngUe;J/ ruf;Fe;J/ bjhlh;tz;o
Mfpait @yk; jiutHpg;gazk; tpiuthf nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
fly;tHpg;gazk; :

j
 fg;gy; nghd;wtw;wpy; fly;tHpahfr; bry;Yk; gazk; fly;tHpg;gazk; MFk;.
flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k;/ fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/ fly;

kp jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ. jPt[fs;

kw;Wk; btF bjhiyt[ ehLfSf;Fg; bghUl;fis mDg;gt[k; / may; ehLfSf;F

H;
tzpfk; bra;at[k; fly;tHpg;gazk; gad;gl;lJ.
thd; tHpg;gazk; :
 tpkhdk; cs;spl;l thfd=;fs; @yk; thd;tHpapy; gazk; nkw;bfhs;tJ
thd;tHpg;gazk; MFk;.jiu kw;Wk; fg;gy; tHp gaz=;fistplr; rpwe;jJ
thd;tHpg;gazk;. gy ehl;fs; bry;y ntz;oa gazj;ij xUrpy kzp
neu=;fspnyna bry;yyhk;.mjptpiut[f;F Vw;wJ thd;tHpg; gazk;.
Kot[iu :
 gazk; bra;tjpy; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwfis mwpe;J gad;gLtJ gazpfshfpa

7
ek; flikahFk;.gazj;jpy; tPz; tpisahl;Lf;fisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;.
``gazj;jpy; njit ftdk;~~
 ` f=;fh ` 125

bkhHpnahL tpisahL
FWf;;bfGj;Jg; g[jph;.
gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpH;r; brhw;fis mwpnthk;.
1 j e; ij 2 m wp 3 tp a y;
iy 4 nj h; t[ a j
t is g; 5 K
h; l
l;
6 ,
y;
bjh
l 8 c
g[
rp g
9 f 10 , y f;
f
F s;
11 eh
r;
H;
U
12 k; fp t
E}
W s u 13 t yp 14 x 15 k k;
,lkpUe;J tyk;
1. mr;rhd; ? je;ij
2. tp+;+hdk;? mwptpay;
tykpUe;J ,lk;
6. mghak; ?,lh;
8. njfk; ? cly;
2
4. guPl;ir ? njh;t[ 13. rhpj;jpuk; ? tuyhW
10. yl;rpak; ? ,yf;F 14. rj;jk; ? xyp
nkypUe;J fPH; fPHpUe;J nky;
1. mjpgu; ? jiyth; 5. Mjp ? Kjy;
3. Mr;rupak; ? tpag;g[ 9. cj;jut[ ? fl;lis
7. Muk;gk; ? bjhlf;fk; 11. jpdk; ?ehs;
12. rjk; ? E}W 15. re;njhrk; ? kfpH;r;rp
Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L `kh~ vd;Dk; vGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhw;fisf; fz;lwpe;J
fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.
1. Kf;fdpfSs; xd;W
2. fjputd; kiwa[k; neuk;
kh

kh iy
7
3. bgUe;jpushd kf;fs; Tl;lk; kh eh L
4. vGj;Jfis xypf;Fk; fhymst[ kh j; jp iu
5. mstpy; bghpa efuk; kh e f u k;
 621
126 ` f=;fh `

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf..

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; ? Light house bgU=;fly; ? Ocean
fg;gy; bjhHpy; El;gk; ? Marine technology fly;thH; caphpdk; ? Marine creature
ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; ? Submarine JiwKfk; ? Harbour
g[ay; ? Storm khYkp ? Sailor
e=;Tuk; ? Anchor fg;gy; jsk; ? Shipyard
vav
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
,ay; ? xd;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4

j 1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ______.

m) itf;nfhyhy; ntag;gLtJ M) rhe;jpdhy; g{rg;gLtJ
kp ,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ

H; 2. kf;fs; ______ Vwp btspehLfSf;Fr; brd;wdh;.

m) flypy; M) fhw;wpy; ,) fHdpapy; <) t=;fj;jpy;
3. g[yhy; ehw;wk; cilajhf mfehD}W TWtJ
m) fhw;W M) ehtha; ,) fly; <) kzy;
4. tlbkhHp vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; bkhHp ______.
m) kiyahsk; M) fd;dlk; ,) rk!;fpUjk; <) bjY=;F
II.FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>

7
6. njhzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bgah;f;fhuzj;ijf; TWf.
7. ,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>
III. rpW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
8. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; gw;wpg; bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
9. gz;ilj; jkpHhpd; fg;gy; brYj;Jk; Kiw gw;wpf; TWf.
IV. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. `thdk; Cd;wpa ...~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; fy=;fiu tpsf;fg; ghly;.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 127

,ay;
2 ftpijg;
ngiH
,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp

,aw;bgau;
? Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
bgw;nwhu;
? je;ij ? fdfrig/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g[
? 1891 Vg;gpuy; 29k; ehs;/ g[Jit

g
rpwg;g[g; bgau;
? ghujpjhrd;/ ghnte;ju;/ g[ul;rpf; ftp
gilg;g[fs;
?FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/

gzp
ghz;oad; gupR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[ Kjypad.
? g[Jit murpdh; fy;Y}upapy; nguhrpupau; gzp U
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp
t
vj;jdpf;Fk; ? KaYk; Japd;wpUe;jhh;? cw=;fpapUe;jhh; k;
2
btw;g[ ? kiy ftp ? ftpij/ ghly;
fHdp ? tay; rpj;jpuk; ? Xtpak;
epfh; ? rkk; epfh; ? rkk;/ nghy
ghpjp ? fjputd; ,d;dy; ? Jd;gk;
md;dnjhh; ? mg;go xU Mtp ? caph;
fhh;Kfpy; ? kiHnkfk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. bgz;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ _______
m) kapy; M) Fapy; ,) fpsp
2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; `kiy~iaf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy
m) btw;g[ M) fhL ,) fHdp
<) md;dk; [tpil : m]

<) g[tp [tpil : m]

7
3. `VblLj;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) Vnl + njd; M) Vl;L + vLj;njd;
,) VL + vLj;njd; <) V + blLj;njd; [tpil : ,]
 821
128 ` f=;fh `

4. `Japd;wpUe;jhh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) Japd;W + ,Ue;jhh; M) Japy; + ,Ue;jhh;
,) Japd;wp + ,Ue;jhh; <) Japd; + ,Ue;jhh; [tpil : m]

5. vd;W + ciuf;Fk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) vd;Wciuf;Fk; M) vd;wpiuf;Fk;
,) vd;wiuf;Fk; <) vd;Wiuf;Fk; [tpil : <]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. fHdp ? fjputd; 1. fHdp ? tay;
2. epfh; ? nkfk; 2. epfh; ? rkk;
3. ghpjp ? rkk; 3. ghpjp ? fjputd;
4. Kfpy; ? tay; 4. Kfpy; ? nkfk;

j FW tpdh

kp 1. ghujpjhrdpd; kdijf; ftu Kad;w ,aw;ifg; bghUs;fs; ahit>

 thdk;  ePnuhil  jhkiu  fhL  tay;

H; 2. 
 nkfk;  bjd;wy;  kapy;  md;dk;  fjputd;
jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfs; vitbadg; ghujpjhrd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;>
-- jkpH;ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpahik J}f;fk; fisa[k;/
-- thH;tpy; Jd;g=;fs; eP=;Fk;/
-- e+;rpy; J}a;ik cz;lhFk;/ tPuk; tUk;.
? Mfpatw;iwj; jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfshfg;
ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

7
rpW tpdh
1. `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
 ghujpjhrd; ftpij vGj Vl;oid vLj;jhh;. thdk; jd;idf; ftpijahf
vGJk;gof; TwpaJ. ePnuhil/ jhkiu/ fhL/ tay;/ nkfk; Mfpad mtiuf;
fth;e;J j=;fisf; ftpij vGJk;go mthplk; ntz;oaJ.kapy; nghd;w bgz;fs;
md;igf; ftpijahf vGJk;gof; Twpdh;. bjd;wy;/ kapy;/ md;dk;/ fjputd;. tPuh;fs;
Mfpadt[k; mthplk; ftpij vGj ntz;od.
 ` f=;fh ` 129

 Mdhy; Jd;gj;jpy; fplf;Fk; jkpH;ehl;L kf;fs; mwpahikapy; J}=;fpf; bfhz;L

,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mjid eP=;f ,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j epiy
Vw;gl;lhy; thH;tpy; Jd;gk; eP=;Fk;. kdjpy; J}a;ik cz;lhFk;. tPuk; tUk;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. 
jkpH;; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfshf eP=;fs; fUJtdtw;iwj;
bjhFj;J vGJf.
-- vspjpy; bghUs; tps=;fp ed;F ghlg;g[hpjy; Vw;gLk;.
-- gHe;jkpH; fiy/ gz;ghL/ kug[ Mfpad fhf;fg;gLk;.
g
-- bjhd;ikiaa[k; tuyhw;iwa[k; ed;F czuyhk;.
-- tpGkpa jkpH;r;rpe;jidfis mwpayhk;. U
TLjy; tpdh t
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. k;
2
1. ghujpjhrdpd; rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ bgw;w E}y;
m) ghz;oad; ghpR M) mHfpd; rphpg;g[
,) gprpuhe;ijahh; <) FLk;gtpsf;F [tpil : ,]

2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;`fjputid~f; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;

m) epfh; M) ghpjp ,) Kfpy; <) fHdp [tpil : M]

3. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;`nkfk;~ vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;

m) epfh; M) ghpjp ,) Kfpy; <) fHdp [tpil : ,]

4. tPuh;fspd; njhs;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ

m) kapy; M) nkfk; ,) jhkiu <) kiy [tpil : <]

5. gRikahd njhifis cilaJ ??????

7
m) jhkiu M) bgz;fs; ,) kapy; <) nrhiy [tpil : ,]

FW tpdh
1. vd;idf; ftpijahf vGJf vd;W ghujpjhrdplk; Kjypy; TwpaJ vJ>
thdk;/ jd;idf; ftpijahf vGJf vd;W ghujpjhrdplk; Kjypy; TwpaJ.

2. ghujpjhrdplk; ftp Xtpakhfj; j=;fisj; jPl;LkhW Twpait vit>

 ePnuhil  jhkiu kyh;fs;
 031
130 ` f=;fh `

3. bgz;fs; vjidf; ftpijahf vGjr; brhd;ddh;>

bgz;fs; md;gpidf;; ftpijahf vGjr; brhd;ddh;.
4. ghujpjhrdplk; nty; Ve;jpa tPuh;fs; vjid vGJkhW ntz;odh;>
 ghujpjhrdplk; nty; Ve;jpa tPuh;fs; kiy nghd;w j=;fspd; njhs;fspd; mHif
vGJkhW ntz;odh;.
5. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[.
rpW tpdh
1. ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
,aw;bgau; ? Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
bgw;nwhu; ? je;ij ? fdfrig/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g
[ ? 1891 Vg;gpuy; 29k; ehs;/ g[Jit
rpwg;g[g; bgau; ? ghujpjhrd;/ ghnte;ju;/ g[ul;rpf;ftp.

j gilg;g[fs; ? FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/

mHfpd; rphpg;g[ Kjypad.

kp gzp ? g[Jit murpdh; fy;Y}upapy; nguhrpupau; gzp

H; fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. ,aw;iff;fhl;rp Fwpj;J ehd;F thpfspy; ftpij vGJf.
``g{kpj; jhna- gRik nghh;j;jpatns-
ePyf; flyha; my=;fhpj;jtns-
fjputd; fhl;rpapy;.... bghd; jflhdtns-
cd;dUk; tsj;jhy; ,d;Daph;fs; thH;fpd;wdnt-~~
2. `jha;bkhHp tHpf; fy;tpna rpwe;jJ~ vd;gij tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
 M=;fy tHpf;fy;tp goj;jhy; kl;Lnk cau Koa[k; vd;bwz;zpf;
bfhz;oUg;nghnu- ftdpa[=;fs;. thH te;j M=;fpnyaiuf;Tl tpul;ondhk;.

7 Mdhy;/ M=;fpy bkhHpia tpul;lhky; mjd; kPJ nkhfk; bfhz;L mjd; tHpapy;
fw;f miyfpd;nwhk;. ,J vg;go ,Uf;fpd;wJ bjhpa[kh> jd; jhiag; g[we;js;sptpl;L/
mayhk; jhiag; nghw;WtJ nghyj;jhd;. vy;yh tsKk; g[ije;Js;s bkhHp ek;
jha;bkhHp. mjd; tHpapnyna ehk; fy;tp bgWtJ rpwg;g[.xsitahUk; fk;gUk;
nrf;!;gpaUk; fhe;jpaofSk; jhTUk; vg;gor; rpwe;jdh; bjhpa[kh> midtUk;
mtuth; jha;bkhHpahy; jhd; rpwe;jdh;. vdnt/ rpwe;j ek; jha;bkhHpapnyna fy;tp
bgWnthk;.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 131

,ay;
2 ftpijg;
ngiH
mHpahr; bry;tk;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
itg;g[Hpf; nfhl;glh thaj;;jPapw; nfoy;iy
kpf;f rpwg;gpd; murh; brwpd;ty;thh;
vr;rk; vdbthUtd; kf;fl; bra;td
g
tpr;irkw;W my;y gpw. U
E}y; : ehyoahh;
Mrphpah; : rkzKdpth;
t
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
k;
itg;g[Hp ? bghUs; nrkpj;J itf;Fkplk;
nfhl;glh ? xUtuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ
tha;j;J <apy; ? tha;f;Fk; go bfhLj;jYk;
2
tpr;ir ? fy;tp

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. xUth; jk; FHe;ijfSf;Fr; nrh;j;J itf;f ntz;oa bry;tk; _______
m) tPL M) fy;tp
,) bghUs; <) mzpfyd; [tpil : M]

2. fy;tpiag; nghy; _______ bry;yhj bry;tk; ntwpy;iy.

m) tpiyapy;yhj
,) cah;tpy;yhj
M) nfoy;yhj
<) jtwpy;yhj [tpil : m]
7
3. `tha;j;jPapd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
m) tha;j;J + <apd; M) tha; + jPapd;
,) tha;j;J + jPapd; <) tha; + <aPd; [tpil : m]
 231
132 ` f=;fh `

4. `nfoy;iy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) nfo + ,y;iy M) nf + ,y;iy
,) nfs;tp + ,y;iy <) nfL + ,y;iy [tpil : <]

5. vtd; + xUtd; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______

m) vtd;xUtd; M) vtd;bdhUtd;
,) vtbdhUtd; <) Vd;bdhUtd; [tpil : ,]

FWtpdh
1. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshfp ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
 fy;tpiag; bghUs; nghy itj;jpUg;gpDk; gpwuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ. bfhLj;jhYk;
FiwahJ/ muruhy; ftu KoahJ.
rpWtpdh
1. fy;tpr;bry;tk; Fwpj;j ehyoahh; TWk; fUj;Jfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
 fy;tpiag; bghUs; nghyf; Ftpj;J itj;jhYk; gpwuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ.
j xUtw;Ff; bfhLj;jjYk; FiwahJ. muruhYk; ftu KoahJ.Mjyhy; xUth; jk;
FHe;ijfSf;Fr; nrh;j;J itf;fntz;oa bry;tk; fy;tpna MFk;. kw;wit bry;tk;
kp MfhJ.

H; rpe;jid tpdh
1. fy;tpr;bry;tk; mHpahj bry;tk; vdg;gLtJ Vd;> ? rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
1. ePh;/ beUg;g[ Mfpatw;why; fy;tp mHpahJ.
2. jpUlh;fshy; fy;tpiaj; jpUlKoahJ.
3. fy;tpia kw;wth;fSf;Fr; brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhYk; FiwahJ.
? vdnt/ gpw bry;t=;fs; mHpa[k;. Mdhy;fy;tpr; bry;tk; mHpahjJ MFk;.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

7 1. rkzKdpth; gyuhy; vGjg;gl;l E}y; _______

m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp
2. ehyoahh; _______ E}y;fSs; xd;W.
<) jphpfLfk; [tpil : M]

m) vl;Lj;bjhif M) gj;Jg;ghl;L
,) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F <) gjpbdz;nky;fzf;F [tpil : ,]
3. ntshz; ntjk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; E}y; _______
m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp <) jphpfLfk; [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 133

4. jpUf;FwSf;F ,izahf itj;Jg; nghw;wj; jf;f E}y; _______

m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp <) jphpfLfk; [tpil : M]
5. tpr;ir vd;gjd; bghUs; _______
m) fy;tp M) bghUs; ,) fst[ <) murh; [tpil : m]

rpWtpdh
1. ehyoahh; gw;wp ePtph; mwptd ahit>
-- rkz Kdpth; gyuhy; vGjg;gl;l E}y; ehyoahh;.
-- ehyoahh; gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. g
-- 400 btz;ghf;fshy; MdJ.
-- mwk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk; vd;w Kg;ghy; gFg;g[ bfhz;lJ. U
-- ,J ehyo ehD}W/ ntshz; ntjk; vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLk; E}y;.
-- jpUf;FwSf;F ,izahf itj;Jg; nghw;wj; jf;f E}y; MFk;. t
fw;git fw;wgpd; k;
1. fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; gpw ghly;fisj; jpul;o vGJf.
1. XJtJ xHpnay;- ? xsitahh;
2. fy;tpf;F mHF frlw bkhHpjy; ? mjptPuuhk ghz;oad;
3. clypd; rpWikfz; blhz;gpyth; fy;tpf;
2
flypd; bgUik flthh;. ? ed;bdwp
4. nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F
khly;y kw;iw ait. ? jpUf;Fws;
2. fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; fij xd;wpid mwpe;J tFg;giwapy; TWf.
 ,U murh;fSf;F ,ilna ga=;fug; nghh; elf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; njhy;tpa[w;w kd;dd;
btw;wp bgw;w kd;dhy; ifJ bra;ag;gLfpd;whd;.njhy;tpa[w;w kd;dd; muritapy;
epWj;jg;gLfpd;whd;. btw;wp bgw;w kd;dh; cdf;Fj; J}f;F jz;lid cd; filrp
Mir vd;d> vd;W nfl;fpd;whh;. mjw;F njhw;w kd;dh; fz;zhog; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

7
gUf ePh; ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. mjd; go kd;dh; Mizapl/ gzpahs; jz;zPiuf;
bfhLj;jhh;.
 mijf; Fof;fhky; njhw;w kd;dd; ja=;Ffpd;whd;. nkYk; ,ijf; Fog;gjw;Fs;
cd; tPuh;fs; bfhd;W tpLthh;fnsh vd;W gakhf cs;sJ vd;whh;. ,e;j ePiuf; Fof;Fk;
tiu cd;idf; bfhy;y khl;nlhk; vd;whh;. fz;zhog; ghj;jpuj;ij cilj;J/
me;jj; jz;zPiu vLj;Jj; jhU=;fs; Fof;fpd;nwd; vd;whh;. kd;dh; fy;tpahy; te;j
Ez;zwpt[ fz;L mk;kd;did tpLjiy bra;J kPz;Lk; ehl;ilf; bfhLj;jhd;.
vav
 431
134 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
2 ciueil
cyfk;
thH;tpf;Fk; fy;tp

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. fhyj;jpd; mUikiaf; TWk; jpUf;Fws; mjpfhuk; _______
m) fy;tp M) fhyk; mwpjy;
,) tpidawpjy; <) koapd;ik [tpil : M]

2. fy;tpapy;yhj ehL _______ tPL.

m) tpsf;fpy;yhj M) bghUspy;yhj
,) fjtpy;yhj <) thrypy;yhj [tpil : m]

j 3. `gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; _______

m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth;
kp ,) ghujpahh;
<) ghujpjhrd; [tpil : ,]

H; 4. `cah;tilnthk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) cah; + tilnthk; M) cah; + milnthk;
,) cah;t[ + tilnthk; <) cah;t[ + milnthk; [tpil : <]

5. ,it + vy;yhk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) ,itvy;yhk; M) ,itbay;yhk;
,) ,Jbay;yhk; <) ,tbay;yhk; [tpil : M]

brhw;bwhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. bry;tk; ? fy;tpr;bry;tk; vd;Wk; mHpahjJ.

7 2. ,sikg;gUtk;
3. njh;e;bjLj;J
FW tpdh
? ,sikg;gUtk; fy;tpf;F chpa gUtk; MFk;.
? ey;y E}y;fisj; njh;e;bjLj;Jg; gof;f ntz;Lk;.

1. kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>

 vjph;fhyj;jpy; gpw caphpd=;fs; vd;dthFk; vd;gijr;brhy;y Koa[k;. Mdhy;/
kdpjg; gpwtpapd; vjph;fhyj;ijf; Twnt KoahJ. ,Jnt kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw
caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL MFk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 135

2. fy;tp mwpt[ ,y;yhjth;fs; gw;wp ts;Sth; TWtJ ahJ>

fy;tp mwpt[ ,y;yhjth;fs; tpy=;Ffs; vd;W ts;Sth; TWfpd;whh;.
3. E}y;fis vt;thW gof;f ntz;Lk;>
 gof;f ntz;oa E}y;fis ed;F MH;e;J /Muha;e;J njh;e;bjLj;Jg; gof;f
ntz;Lk;.
rpW tpdh
1. fy;tpna mHpahj bry;tk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
-- cyfpy; vy;yhr; bry;t=;fSk; mHpe;JtpLk;. g
-- ,UgJ ,Ugj;ije;jhz;Lf;F Kd; ,=;F ,Ue;j Mykuk; v=;nf vd;why; g[aypy;
tpGe;Jtpl;lJ vd;nghk;. U
-- ,=;fpUe;j bghpa fl;llk; v=;nf vd;why;/ kiHahy; ,oe;J tpl;lJ vd;gh;.
t
-- 10 Mz;Lf;F Kd; 2 ,yl;rk; qgha; itj;jpUe;jth;. ,d;W ,uz;L qgha; fld;
nfl;fpwhh; vd;nghk;.
? vy;yhk; mHpa[k;. Mdhy; fy;tp mg;goad;W. 10 Mz;Lf;F Kd;dh; gl;lk;
k;
bgw;wth; ,d;W 10k; tFg;g[ Mfptpl;lhh; vd;W brhy;y KoahJ. Vbdd;why;
fy;tp mHpahjJ. ts;StUk; ~~nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp .....~~ vd;fpd;whh;.
2. fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>
2
 fy;tp Xh; xsptpsf;F. ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij xspkak; Mf;Fk;. mjDila Fwpg;g[
vd;dbtd;why; xUtd; fw;Wtpl;lhy;/ mg;gog; gyUf;Fk; xsp jUtJ jhd; fy;tp.
fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPl;oy; ahh; FoapUg;ghh;fs;> tPL
,Ul;lhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJnghy; fy;tp ,y;yhj FLk;gj;ij ahUk; kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. ey;y E}ypd; ,ay;g[fshf eP=;fs; fUJtd ahit>
-- cz;ikg; bghUis tpsf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- ed;bdwpg; ghij fhl;l ntz;Lk;.
-- midtUf;Fk; vspjpy; g[hpa[k; tz;zk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- vspik/ bjspt[ Mfpait bfhz;l eilapy; ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
? Mfpad ey;y E}ypd; ,ay;g[fshf ehd; fUJtd MFk;.
7
 631
136 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. jpUf;Fwsdhh; vd;W miHf;fg;gLgth; _______
m) tP.Kdprhkp M) K.t ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : m]
2. ts;Sth; cs;sk;/ ts;Sth; fhl;oa tHp/ jpUf;Fwspy; eifr;Rit cs;spl;l E}
y;fis vGjpath; _______
m) tP.Kdprhkp M) K.t ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : m]
3. cyfpy; kpft[k; mUikahdJ _______
m) fhyk; M) fy;tp ,) bghUs; <) bry;tk; [tpil : m]
4. _______ Xh; xsp tpsf;F.
m) fhyk; M) fy;tp ,) bghUs; <) bry;tk; [tpil : m]
5. ed;wpd;ghy; ca;g;gJ mwpt[ ? vd;W Twpath; _______
j m) tP.Kdprhkp M) jpUts;Sth;

kp ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : M]

H; FWtpdh
1. jpUf;Fwshh; tP.Kdprhkp ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
-- ts;Sth; cs;sk;
-- ts;Sth; fhl;oa tHp
-- jpUf;Fwspy; eifr;Rit
2. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; MH;e;J goj;jhy; jhd; bghUs; tps=;Fk; vd;gjw;F jpUf;Fwsdhh;
TWk; xg;g[ik ahJ>
 kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; MH;e;J goj;jhy; jhd; bghUs; tps=;Fk; vd;gjw;F jpUf;Fwsdhh;
TWk; xg;g[ik fj;jhpf;fha; / thiHf;fha;/ fPiu ,it vy;yhk; g{kpf;F nky; tpisa[k;.

7 rpy kz;Qf;Fs;ns ,Uf;Fk; mij ehk; jhd; njhz;o vLf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
3. jpUf;Fwsdhhpd; g[fH;bgw;w E}y; vJ>
cyfg;bghJkiw jpUf;Fws; ciu tpsf;fk;
4. gs;sp gw;wp ghujpahhpd; fUj;J ahJ>
 ekJ vj;ph;fhyj;ij cUthf;Fk; gs;spf;Ff; nfhapy; vd;W bgah; itj;jhh; ghujpahh;.
mjdhy; jhd; ~~gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~~ vd;whh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 137

5. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL vJ>

fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL MFk;.
6. fy;tp mwpt[y;yhjth;fis kpFjpahf Fiw Twpath; ahh;>
jpUts;Stnu fy;tp mwpt[y;yhjth;fis kpFjpahf Fiw Twpath; Mthh;.
7. vit mHpa[k; vd;gjw;Fj; jpUf;Fwsdhh; TWk; ctikfs; vit>
 Mykuk;  bghpa fl;llk;  ,uz;L ,yl;r qgha; gzk;

fw;git fw;wgpd;
g
1. fy;tp bjhlh;ghd ghly; thpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
(v.fh.) fy;tp fiuapy/ fw;gth; ehs; rpy. U
1. ,sikapy; fy;.
t
2. nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp.
3. fw;f frlw. k;
2
4. XJtJ xHpnay;-
5. fy;tpf;F mHF frlw bkhHpjy;
6. clypd; rpWikfz; blhz;gpyth; fy;tpf;
7. flypd; bgUik flthh;.
vav

xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs

16. kdJf;Fg; gapw;rp thrpg;g[.

17. gog;g[ jhd; cau tHp.

7
18. thrpg;g[ mUikahd Urp / mijj; jpdk; Ritf;fg; gHF.

19. mwpt[ xd;W jhd; mr;rj;ij Kwpf;Fk; kUe;J.

20. Jd;gj;jpw;fhd kUe;J mikjp.

vav
 831
138 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
2 tphpthdk; gs;sp kWjpwg;g[

Rg;ughujpkzpad;
FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[/ ,aw;if ts=;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;
Mfpa fUj;Jfis ikakhf itj;J jk; gilg;g[fisg; gilg;gth;.
fdt[ vd;Dk; ,jiH elj;jp tUgth;.
gilg;g[fs; : g
 pd;dy;/ ntl;il/ jz;zPh; a[j;jk;/ g[j;Jkz;/ fij
brhy;Yk; fiy Kjypad.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

kjpthzd; gs;spf;Fr; bry;y KobtLj;j epfH;itr; RUf;fp vGJf.

j
(my;yJ)
`gs;sp kWjpwg;g[~ rpWfijapidr; RUf;fp vGJf.

kp Kd;Diu

H;
 Rg;ughujpkzpad; ,aw;wpa `gs;sp kWjpwg;g[~ rpWfijapy; kjpthzd; gs;spf;Fr;
bry;y KobtLj;j epfH;itr; RUf;fkhff; fhz;nghk;.
kjpthzDk; ftpDk;
 kjpthzDk; ftpDk; xnu tFg;gpy; gog;gth;fs;. nfhiltpLKiwapy;
xd;wiu khjk; ,UtUk; gpd;dyhil epWtdj;jpw;F ntiyf;Fr; brd;wdh;. gs;sp
kWjpwg;g[f;F ,uz;L ehl;fs; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. ntiyf;Fr; bry;tjw;fhf ,UtUk;
ngUe;J epWj;jj;jpy; epd;W bfhz;L ,Ue;jdh;. ftpd; jhd; kPz;Lk; gs;spf;Fg;
nghtjpy;iy. thuhthuk; rk;gsk;/ jpiug;glk; ghh;f;f fhR/ gnuhl;lh/ nghz;lh/
tPl;oy; ahUk; jpl;Ltjpy;iy. ,e;j kfpH;r;rp nghJk; vd;whd;. kjpthzDk; rw;nw
FHk;gpdhd;.

7 kjpthzdpd; rpe;jid
 gof;fpd;w tajpy; ntiy njitah> kUj;Jth;/ bghwpahsh;/ btspehl;L ntiy
vd;W kjpthzd; cs;Sk; fdt[fs; ,Ue;jd. bjhHpyhspahfnt filrp tiuf;Fk;
,Uf;f ntz;Lkh vd;gij ed;F rpe;jpj;jhd;. vjphpy; ,Ue;j tpsk;gug; gyifapy;
mk;ngj;fUk; mg;Jy; fyhKk; bjd;gl;ldh;. ,tiug; nghy cau ntz;Lk; vd;why;
gog;g[ njit vd;gij ed;F czh;e;jhd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 139

gof;fhjthpd; epiy
 ngUe;J epWj;jj;jpy; Kjpath; xUth;. m=;fpUe;j rpWth;fsplk;/ ,e;jg; ngUe;J
ey;Y}h; bry;Ykh> vdf; nfl;lhh;. mjw;F mth;fs; vJt[k; brhy;ytpy;iy. kPz;Lk;
me;jg; bghpath; nfl;lhh;. rpWth;fs; v=;fSf;Fg; gof;fj; bjhpahJ vd;wdh;. ,J
Tlg; gof;fj; bjhpahjh vd;whh; bghpath;. mjw;F xUtd; Vd; c=;fSf;Fg; gof;fj;
bjhpahj vd;W nfl;L/ midtUk; rphpj;jdh;. kjpthzd; mthplk; ey;Y}h; ,J
nghfhJ. nghFk; ngUe;J tUk; nghJ brhy;fpd;nwd; vd;whd;.,ijbay;yhk; ghh;j;J
fy;tp jhd; jiyepkpur; bra;a[k; vd;gij czh;e;J/ gs;spia nehf;fp ele;jhd;
kjpthzd;.
g
Kot[iu
 ``Ie;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisahJ~~ vd;gijg; g[hpe;J bfhz;L ,sikapy; U
kjpthzd; fy;tp fw;f tpUg;gk; bfhz;lhd;. ,d;W fpilf;Fk; gzj;ij tpl ehis
fpilf;Fk; kjpg;g[f;fhf ,d;nw fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;. t
fw;git fw;wgpd; k;
1. gs;sp kWjpwg;g[ vd;Dk; fijia tFg;gpy; ehlfkhf eoj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
2. vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahjth;fSf;F vt;thW cjt[tPh;fs; > tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
-- vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahjth;fSf;F vGjg;gof;fr; brhy;ypj; jUntd;.
2
-- 
vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahj xnu fhuzj;jpw;fhf/ jd;khdk; ,He;j epiy nghf;f
mth;fSf;F vGjg; gof;f fw;Wj; jUntd;.

vav

rpe;jidg;g[jph; tpilfs;

1. Mgj;J 2. fz;kzp 3. gl;L 4. gHdp

vav
7
 041
140 ` f=;fh `

,ay; xbuGj;J xU bkhHp/ gFgjk;/

2 fw;fz;L
gfhg;gjk;
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. ed;D}ypd; go jkpHpYs;s XbuGj;J xUbkhHpfspd; vz;zpf;if _______
m) 40 M) 42 ,) 44 <) 46 [tpil : M]

2. `vGjpdhd;~ vd;gJ _______

m) bgah;g; gFgjk; M) tpidg;gFgjk;
,) bgah;g; gfhg;gjk; <) tpidg; gfhg;gjk; [tpil : M]

3. bgah;g; gFgjk; _______ tifg;gLk;.

j m) ehd;F M) Ie;J ,) MW
4. fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; gFgj cWg;g[ _______
<) VG [tpil : ,]

kp m) gFjp M) tpFjp ,) ,ilepiy <) re;jp [tpil : ,]

H; bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. bgah;g; gFgjk; ? thH;e;jhd; 1. bgah;g; gFgjk; ? bghpahh;
2. tpidg;gFgjk; ? kd; 2. tpidg;gFgjk; ? thH;e;jhd;
3. bgah;g; gfhg;gjk; ? edp 3. ,ilg; gfhg;gjk; ? kd;
4. tpidg; gfhg;gjk; ? bghpahh; 4. chpg; gfhg;gjk; ? edp

rhpahd gFgj cWg;ig vGJf.

7 nghths; ? ngh + t; + Ms;

ngh ? gFjp
t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
el
f;
elf;fpd;whd; ? el + f; + fpd;W + Md;
? gFjp
? re;jp
Ms; ? bgz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp fpd;W ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
 ` f=;fh ` 141

gpd;tUk; brhw;fisg; gphpj;Jg; gFgj cWg;g[fis vGJf.

ghh;j;jhd; ? ghh; + j; + j; +Md; ghLthh; ? ghL + t; + Mh;
ghh; ? gFjp ghL ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

FW tpdh
1. XbuGj;J xUbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
g
Xh; vGj;nj bghUs; jUk; brhy;yhf miktJ XbuGj;J xUbkhHp MFk;. U
v.fh. g{
2. gjj;jpd; ,Utiffs; ahit> t
gFgjk;/ gfhg;gjk; vd gjk; ,Utifg;gLk;.
3. gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>
k;
 gFgj cWg;g[fs; MW tifg;gLk;. mitahtd : gFjp/ tpFjp/ ,ilepiy/ re;jp/
rhhpia/ tpfhuk;.
rpW tpdh
2
1. tpFjp vtw;iwf; fhl;Lk;>
 jpiz  ghy;  Kw;W  vr;rk;
2. tpfhuk; vd;gJ ahJ> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
gFjp/ tpFjp/ re;jp/ ,ilepiy Kjypatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.
(v.fh.) te;jdd; ? th(t) + j;(e;) + j; +md; +md;
th ? gFjp/ ,J `t~ vdf; FWfp ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;.
j; ? re;jp/ ,J `e;~ vdj; jphpe;J ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;.

7
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; ? rhhpia
md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
3. bgah;g;gFgjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
bgah;g;gFgjk; MW tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
1. bgah;bgah;g;gFgjk; 2. ,lg;bgah;g;gFgjk; 3. fhyg;bgah;g;gFgjk;
4. rpidg;bgah;g;gFgjk; 5. gz;g[g;bgah;g;gFgjk; 6. bjhHpy;bgah;g;gFgjk;
 241
142 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.

1. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) @d;W <) ehd;F [tpil : M]

2. gR vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________

m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : m]

3. bfhL vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________

m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : M]

4. ,iwr;rp vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________

m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : ,]

5. mk;g[ vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________

j m) M M) < ,) C <) V
6. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s beoy;brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if
[tpil : <]

kp m) 42 M) 40 ,) 43 <) 2 [tpil : M]

H; 7. ed;D}y; vd;w ,yf;fz E}iy vGjpath; ________

m) gtze;jp Kdpth; M) MWKf ehtyh;
,) bjhy;fhg;gpah; <) mfj;jpah; [tpil : m]

8. gFgj cWg;g[fspd; vz;zpf;if ________

m) 6 M) 2 ,) 5 <) 42 [tpil : m]

9. gfhg; gjj;jpd; tif ________

m) @d;W M) ehd;F ,) MW <) Ie;J [tpil : M]

7
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. I ? nrhiy 1. I ? jiytd;
2. fh ? ,fH;r;rp 2. fh ? nrhiy
3. T ? g{kp 3. T ? g{kp
4. rP ? jiytd; 4. rP ? ,fH;r;rp
 ` f=;fh ` 143

FWtpdh
1. 
XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ> mit
czh;j;Jk; bghUs; ahJ>
beh/ J Mfpa ,uz;Lk; XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fs; MFk;.
czh;j;Jk; bghUs; :
 beh ? neha;  J ? cz;
2. gFgj=;fs; vd;why; vd;d>
rpW rpW cWg;g[fshfg; gphpf;Fk; tifapy; mika[k; brhw;fs; gFgj=;fs; MFk;. g
3. tpidg;gFgjk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
gFgjkhf mika[k; tpidr;brhy; tpidg;gFgjk; MFk;.
U
rhd;W : cz;fpd;whd; ? cz; + fpd;W + Md; t
4. re;jp vd;gJ ahJ>
gFjpf;Fk; ,ilepiyf;Fk; ,ilna ,lk;bgWk; bka;baGj;J re;jp MFk;.
k;
5. rhhpia vd;gJ ahJ>
,ilepiyf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilna ,lk;bgWk; mirr;brhy; rhhpia MFk;.

rpW tpdh
2
1. ,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
1) bgah;r;brhy; 2) tpidr;brhy;
3) ,ilr;brhy; 4) chpr;brhy;

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; bgw;w brhw;fspy; gFgjk; gfhg;gjk; Mfpatw;iwj; jdpj;jdpna
bjhFf;f.
gFgjk;
rpe;jpj;jhh;/ gilj;jhh;/ Fsph;e;j/ te;jJ/
gfhg;gjk;
thdk;/ fhl/ XL/ bjd;wy;/ kapy;/ VL/
7
,uf;fj;ij/ vGJ=;fs;/ vGjpa[s;shh;. jhkiu/ tPuk;/ nty;
 441
144 ` f=;fh `

2. 
c=;fs; tFg;g[ khzt ? khztpfspd; bgah;fisg; gFgjk; / gfhg;gjk; vd
tifg;gLj;Jf.
gFgjk; gfhg;gjk;
1. fUg;gz;zd; 1. fiy
2. fz;zd; 2. uhzp
3. vHpyd; 3. fyh
4. g{tHfd; 4. kyh;
5. kyutd; 5. eFy;
6. bre;jpy;

bkhHpia Ms;nthk;

fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.

fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[
 tzf;fk;. fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[ gw;wp rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. ,sikapy; fy;/

j nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp/ fy;tpf; fiuapy/ fw;gth; ehs; rpy/ fw;f frlw/ XJtJ
xHpnay; Mfpad fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ijf; TWk; ghly; thpfshFk;. kdpjid

kp ntWgLj;JtJ mtd; fw;w fy;tpahy; jhd;. bghUis ,He;jhy; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;.

Mdhy; fy;tpia ,He;jhy; kPz;Lk; fw;f ,ayhJ. mjdhy; jhd; gUtj;nj gaph;
H; bra; vd;wdh;.fy;tp Xh; xsptpsf;F. ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij xspkak; Mf;Fk;. mjDila
Fwpg;g[ vd;dbtd;why; xUtd; fw;Wtpl;lhy;/ mg;gog; gyUf;Fk; xsp jUtJ
jhd; fy;tp. fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPl;oy; ahh;
FoapUg;ghh;fs;> tPL ,Ul;lhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJnghy; fy;tp ,y;yhj FLk;gj;ij
ahUk; kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij czh;e;J fw;f ntz;Lk; .ed;wp.
FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[
 tzf;fk;. FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[ gw;wp vd;Dila fUj;Jfis
rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. Xo tpisahl ntz;oa gUtj;jpy; ntiyf;Fr;
bry;tijf; fz;lhy; kdk; ntjid milfpd;wJ. ,sikapy; fy; vd;w xsitapd;

7
thf;F vd;dthdJ. bjhHpw;rhiyfspy; ntiy bra;a[k; FHe;ijfSf;Fr; rpWtajpy;
,uj;jnrhif/ ,isg;g[/ fhr neha; Mfpad Vw;gLk;. gof;Fk; tajpy; rpWth;fis
ntiyf;F mkh;j;Jk; epWtd=;fs; kPJ fhty; Jiwapy; g[fhh; mspf;fyhk;. vy;yhf;
FHe;ijfSf;Fk; fl;lhaf; fy;tp vd;gJ btWk; Vl;lstpy; ,y;yhky; eil
Kiwapy; bray;gLj;j ehk; nghuhl ntz;Lk;. ed;wp.
 ` f=;fh ` 145

brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.

1. ,sikg; gUtj;jpnyna fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;.
2. fy;tpna mHpahj bry;tk;.
3. fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;F ,y;yhj tPL.
4. gs;spj; jyk; midj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;.
5. E}y;fis Muha;e;J MH;e;J gof;f ntz;Lk;.
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis mWtifg; bgah;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
ey;Y}h;/ til/ nfl;ly;/ Kfk;/ md;dk;/ brk;ik/ fhiy/ tUjy;/ njhif / ghujpjhrd;/ g
gs;sp/ ,wf;if/ bghpaJ/ nrhiy/ Ie;J kzp/ tpisahl;L/ g[jd;.
bghUs; ,lk; fhyk; rpid Fzk; bjhHpy;
U
til ey;Y}h; fhiy Kfk; brk;ik nfl;ly; t
k;
md;dk; gs;sp g[jd; njhif bghpaJ tUjy;
ghujpjhrd; nrhiy Ie;J kzp ,wf;if tpisahl;L
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;
@tplk;
,lk; 3 tifg;gLk;. mit.
1. jd;idf; Fwpg;gJ jd;ik.
1. jd;ik 2. Kd;dpiy 3. glh;f;if 2
rhd;W : ehd;/ ehk;/ eh=;fs;/ vd;/ vk;/ v=;fs;.
2. Kd;dhy; ,Ug;gtiuf; Fwpg;gJ Kd;dpiy.
rhd;W : eP/ eP=;fs;/ ePh;/ ePtph;/ cd;/ c=;fs;.
3. jd;ida[k/; Kd;dhy; ,Ug;gtiua[k; my;yhky; @d;whktiuf; Fwpg;gJ glh;fi
; f.
rhd;W : mtd;/ mts;/ mth;/ mth;fs;/ mJ/ mit/ ,td;/ mts;/ ,it.

rhpahd brhy;iyf; bfhz;L epug;g[f.

(mJ/ eP/ mth;fs;/ mitfs;/ mit/ ehk;/ vd;/ cd;)
1. cd; bgah; vd;d>
2. ehk;; VHhk; tFg;g[ khzth;fs;.
3. mit vg;go XLk;.
7
4. eP vd;d bra;J bfhz;oUf;fpwha;.
5. mth;fs; te;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
 641
146 ` f=;fh `

gpd;tUk; bjhlh;fspy; @tplg;bgah;fis mof;nfhoLf. mtw;iw tifg;gLj;Jf.

1. v=;fs; tPl;L eha;f;Fl;o XoaJ.
2. ,th;jhd; c=;fs; Mrphpah;.
3. ePh; TWtJ vdf;Fg; g[hpatpy;iy.
4. vdf;F/ mJ te;jjh vd;W bjhpatpy;iy. ePna TW.
5. c=;fnshL ehDk; czt[ cz;zyhkh>

jd;ik Kd;dpiy glh;f;if

v=;fs; ePh; ,th;
vdf;F c=;fs; mJ
ehDk; eP
c=;fnshL

fojk; vGJf.
c=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; xd;W mikj;Jj; ju ntz;o E}yf MizahsUf;Ff; fojk;

j vGJf.
E}yfk; mikj;Jj; ju ntz;o kly;

kp mDg;g[eh;
r.Kfpyd;/

H;

ghujpefh;/
<nuhL.
bgWeh;
Mizah; mth;fs;/
bghJE}yfj; Jiw/
brd;id ? 600 002.

kjpg;gpw;Fhpa Iah/
bghUs; : E}yfk; mikj;Jj; ju ntz;Ljy;.

7  tzf;fk;. v=;fs; ghujp efh; <nuhl;od; ikag; gFjpia xl;ona cs;sJ.

,=;F Rkhh; 500 FLk;g=;fs; cs;sd. 3000 kf;fs; thH;fpd;wdh;. gs;sp/ fy;Y}hp
bry;nthh; kw;Wk; gl;ljhhp ,is+h;fs; 1000 ngh; cs;sdh;. bghGijg; gaDs;s
tifapy; fHpf;f v=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; ,y;iy. mwpit tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;st[k;/
cyf elg;g[fis mwpat[k; v=;fshy; ,aytpy;iy.vdnt v=;fs; mwpt[f; fz;fisj;
jpwf;f v=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; mikj;Jj; jUkhW md;g[ld; ntz;Lfpd;nwhk;.
ed;wp gy.
ehs; : 03.5.2019 ,g;gof;Fj; j=;fs; cz;ika[s;s/
,lk; : <nuhL. r.Kfpyd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 147

ciwnky; Kfthp
bgWeh;
Mizah; mth;fs;/
bghJE}yfj; Jiw/
brd;id ? 600 002.

bkhHpnahL tpisahL

x
g
U
e
yp k; t
o F k;
F k;
c jp
rp
F
F 2
th k;
k;
1. fhiyapy; gs;sp kzp _______. tpil : xypf;Fk;

2. jpiug;gl=;fspy; tpy=;Ffs; _______ fhl;rp FHe;ijfSf;Fg; gpof;Fk;.

tpil : eof;Fk;

3.

4.
fjputd; fhiyapy; fpHf;nf _______.

ehs;njhWk; bra;jpjj
tpil : cjpf;Fk;

; hs; _______ tHf;fk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. tpil : thrpf;Fk;

7
 841
148 ` f=;fh `

Xh; vGj;Jr; brhw;fshy; epug;g[f.

1. _______ g[y; nka[k;. tpil : M
2. _______ RLk;. tpil : jP
3. _______ ngRk;. tpil : if
4. _______ gwf;Fk;. tpil : <
5. _______ kzk; tPRk;. tpil : g{
gpd;tUk; vGj;JfSf;Fg; bghUs; vGJf.
(v.fh) jh ? bfhL
jP ?????????????? tpil :beUg;g[
gh ?????????????? tpil : ghly;
ij ?????????????? tpil : ijj;jy;

j
it ?????????????? tpil : g[y;
ik ?????????????? tpil : m+;rdk;

kp gpd;tUk; brhw;fis ,UbghUs; jUkhW bjhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.

H; MW/ tpsf;F/ go/ brhy;/ fy;/ khiy/ ,o

(v.fh.)MW ? < MW fhy;fis cilaJ.
j+;rht{hpy; fhtphp MW gha;fpwJ.
1. tpsf;F ? ghlypd; bghUs; tps=;fpaJ.
mfy; tpsf;iff; nfhtpypy; Vw;Wth;.
2. go ? thapw; goapy; mkuhnj-
,sikapnyna gof;f ntz;Lk;.
3. brhy; ? @j;njhh; brhy; mKjk;.
j+;ir brhy;(bey;) tsk; kpFe;jJ.

7 4. fy; ?

fha;j;j kuk; fy; mogLk;.
,sikapy; fy;.
5. khiy ? khiyneuj;jpy; tpisahl ntz;Lk;.
g{khiy bjhLj;jhs;.
6. ,o ? ,o kpd;dYld; kiH bga;jJ.
kuj;jpd; kPJ tz;o ,oj;Jtpl;lJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 149

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf....

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
nfhil tpLKiw ? Summer Vacation ePjp ? Moral
FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; ? Child Labour rPUil ? Uniform
gl;lk; ? Degree tHpfhl;Ljy; ? Guidence
fy;tpawpt[ ? Literacy xGf;fk; ? Dicipline

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; g
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; ? gUtk; ? 2
,ay; ? ,uz;L U
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20
t
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. bgz;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ ________.
4x1=4 k;
m) kapy; M) Fapy;

m) tha;j;J + <apd;
,) fpsp

M) tha; + jPapd;
<) md;dk;
2. `tha;j;jPapd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________. 2
,) tha;j;J + jPapd; <) tha; + <aPd;
3. `gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; ________.
m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth; ,) ghujpahh; <) ghujpjhrd;
4. fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; gFgj cWg;g[ ________.
m) gFjp M) tpFjp ,) ,ilepiy <) re;jp
FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshf ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
6.  jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfs; vitbadg; ghujpjhrd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;>
7. gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
rpW tpil jUf.
8. `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
3x2=6 7
9. fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>
mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. `itg;g[Hpf;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ehyoahh; ghly;.
vav
 051
150 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
3 ftpijg;
ngiH
xU ntz;Lnfhs;

njdurd;
jkpHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;.
thdk;gho/ bjd;wy;/ Fapy; Mfpa ,jH;fspy; ftpij vGjpa[s;shh;.
,tuJ ftpijfspy; rKjhar; rpf;fy;fs; vs;sy; RitnahL
btspg;gLk;.
gilg;g[fs; : kz;thry;/ bts;is nuh$h/ bga;J gHfpa nkfk;
Kjypa ftpij E}y;fs;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;

j gpUk;khf;fs; ? gilg;ghsh;fs;
beo ? ehw;wk;
tdg;g[
g{hpg;g[
? mHF
? kfpH;r;rp

kp kHiy ? FHe;ij nkdp ? cly;

H;
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. kapYk; khDk; tdj;jpw;F _______ jUfpd;wd.
m) fisg;g[ M) tdg;g[ ,) kiyg;g[ <) ciHg;g[ [tpil : M]
2. kpsfha; tw;wypd; _______ Jk;kiy tutiHf;Fk;.
m) beo M) fhl;rp ,) kzk; <) Xir [tpil : m]
3. md;id jhd; bgw;w _______ rphpg;gpy; kfpH;r;rp milfpwhh;.
m) j=;ifapd; M) jk;gpapd; ,) kHiyapd; <) fztdpd ; [tpil : ,]

7 4. `tdg;gpy;iy~ vd;;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) tdk; + ,y;iy
,) tdg;g[ + apy;iy
M) tdg;g[ + ,y;iy
<) tdg; + gpy;iy [tpil : M]
5. `thh;g;g[ + vdpy;~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) thh;g;vdpy; M) thh;g;gpdpy;
,) thh;g;bgdpy; <) thh;g[ vdpy; [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 151

eak; mwpf.
xnu vGj;jpnyh Xirapnyh Koa[k; ,iag[r;brhw;fisg; ghlypy; ,Ue;J vLj;J
vGJf.
1. gpUk;khf;fns ? nrh;g;gth;fns
2. cilg;gtdpd; ? cHtdpd;
3. rpfu=;fsh ? miyfsh ? fhLfsh ? gs;sj;jhf;Ffsh ? njhl;l=;fsh
4. tdg;gpy;iy ? caph;g;gpy;iy
FW tpdh g
1. jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait>
md;g[k; ghrKk; jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait MFk;.
U
2. xU fiy vg;bghGJ caph;g;g[ilajhf mika[k;> t
 ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vita[k; fiy totk; bgwyhk;. Mdhy; mjpy;
khDlg;gz;g[ fl;lhak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. khDlk; ,y;yhj ve;j mHFk; mHfd;W. k;
2
kdpjd; fyf;fhj vjpYk; caph;g;gpy;iy.
rpW tpdh
1. rpw;g=;fSk; Xtpa=;fSk; vt;thW mika ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
-- e
 P=;fs; ghiw cilg;gthpd; rpiyiar; brJf;fpdhy;/ mjpy; tpah;it ehw;wk; tPr
ntz;Lk;.
-- cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ mjpy; <ukz;zpd; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
-- j
 hapd; kfpH;r;rpahd Xtpaj;ij tiue;jhy;/ mthpd; Kfj;jpy; md;g[k; ghrKk;
epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; ghy; kzk; fkH ntz;Lk;.
-- M
 y;g;!; kiyr; rpfu=;fs; cs;spl;l ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vita[k;
fiy totk; bgwyhk;. Mdhy; mjpy; khDlg;gz;g[ fl;lhak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

7
khDlk; ,y;yhj ve;j mHFk; mHfd;W. kdpjd; fyf;fhj vjpYk; caph;g;gpy;iy.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. eP=;fs; xU fiy+uhf ,Ue;jhy; vj;jifa gilg;g[fis cUthf;FtPh;fs;>
 ehd; xU Xtpaf;fiy+uhf ,Ue;jhy; capnuhl;lKs;s Xtpa=;fisa[k; kdpj
near; rpe;jidia btspg;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; kf;fs; tpHpg;gila tpHpg;g[zh;t[
Vw;gLj;Jk; Xtpa=;fisa[k; rKjha Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhd Xtpa=;fisa[k;
cUthf;Fntd;.
 251
152 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. xU ntz;L nfhs; vd;Dk; ftpijia vGjpath; _______.
m) njdurd; M) fhsnkfg; g[yth;
,) Rujh <) Koaurd; [tpil : m]
2. eP=;fs; ghiw cilg;gthpd; rpiyiar; brJf;fpdhy;/ mjpy; _______ ehw;wk;
tPrntz;Lk;.
m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : M]
3. cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ _______ mjpy; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : m]
4. jhapd; kfpH;r;rpahd Xtpaj;ij tiue;jhy;/ mthpd; Kfj;jpy; ______ epiwe;jpUf;f
ntz;Lk;.

j m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ ghrk; <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : ,]

5. rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; _______ fkH ntz;Lk;.
kp m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ ghrk; <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : <]

H; bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil:
1. gpUk;khf;fs; ? mHF 1. gpUk;khf;fs; ? gilg;ghsh;fs;
2. beo ? kfpH;r;rp 2. beo ? ehw;wk;
3. tdg;g[ ? gilg;ghsh;fs; 3. tdg;g[ ? mHF
4. g{hpg;g[ ? ehw;wk; 4. g{hpg;g[ ? kfpH;r;rp

FW tpdh

7
1. njdurd; ftpijfs; vGjpa ,jH;fs; ahit>
 thdk;gho  Fapy;  bjd;wy;
2. njdurd; vGjpa ftpij E}y;fs; ahit>
 kz;thry;  bts;is nuh$h  bga;J gHfpa nkfk;
3. ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vd;W ftp+h; njdurd; Fwpg;gpLtd vit>
My;g;!; kiyr; rpfu=;fs;/ ml;yhz;of; bgU=;fly; miyfs;/ mnkrhd; fhLfs;/
gdpglh; gs;sj; jhf;Ffs;/ bjh=;Fk; njhl;l=;fs; Mfpad ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj;
njhw;w=;fs; vd;W ftp+h; njdurd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 153

4. cHthpd; cUt thh;g;gpy;; epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;oait ahit>

cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ mjpy; <ukz;zpd; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
5. rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;jpy; epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;oait ahit>
rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; ghy; kzk; fkH ntz;Lk;.
6. xU ntz;Lnfhs; ftpij ,lk;bgWk; E}y; vJ> mjid vGjpath; ahh;>
 xU ntz;Lnfhs; ftpij ,lk; bgWk; E}y; : bga;J gHfpa nkfk;. mjid
vGjpath; : ftp+h; njdurd;.
rpW tpdh
1. ftp+h; njdurd; gw;wpf; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
g
-- ftp+h; njdurd; jkpHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;. U
-- thdk;gho/ bjd;wy;/ Fapy; Mfpa ,jH;fspy; ftpij vGjpa[s;shh;.
-- ,tuJ ftpijfspy; rKjhar; rpf;fy;fs; vs;sy; RitnahL btspg;gLk;. t
-- gilg;g[fs; : kz;thry;/ bts;is nuh$h/ bga;J gHfpa nkfk; Kjypa ftpij
E}y;fs;.
k;
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j VnjDk; xU fiy gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jpul;Lf.
 vdf;Fg; gpoj;j fiy rpyk;ghl;lf; fiy. ,J jkpHhpd; jw;fhg;g[f; fiy.
2
,t;tpisahl;ilf; fk;g[ Rw;Wjy; vd;gh;. ,J joiaf; ifahSk; Kiw. fhy
mirt[fs;/ cly; mirt[fs; @yk; jk;ikg; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy; vdg;
gy TWfisf;bfhz;lJ. rpyk;ghl;lj;jpy; vjpuhsp tPRk; fk;gpidj; jLj;jy;/
vjpuhspapd; cltpy; rpyk;g[f; fk;gpapdhy; bjhLjy; nghd;wd mog;gilahff;
bfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
2. ciHg;ghsh;fspd; bgUikiaf; TWk; ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

``eP=;fs; nrw;wpy; ``ciHg;ghspapd; ~~ciHg;ghspfns

fhy; itj;jjy; jhd; tpah;itna g{kpapd;
eh=;fs; nrhw;wpy; ifitf;fKoa[k;~~ mKjk;~~ fjputd;fs;~~

7
vav
 451
154 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
3 ftpijg;
ngiH
fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
fl;o mof;ifahy; fhy;khwpg; gha;ifahy;
btl;o kwpf;fpd;w nkd;ikahy;? Kl;lg;ngha;
khwj; jpUk;g[ifahy; tz;fPiug; ghj;jpa[ld;
Vwg; gupahF nk.
E}y; : fhsnkfg;g[ytu; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L
Mrphpah; : fhsnkfg;g[ytu;

fhsnkfg;g[yth;

j
 fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau; tujd;.nkfk; kiH bghHptJ
nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu; fhsnkfg;g[ytu;

kp
vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;. jpUthidf;fh cyh/ ruRtjp khiy/
gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;/ rpj;jpu kly; Mfpa E}y;fis vGjpa[s;shu;.

H; ,tuJ jdpg;ghly;fs; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L vd;Dk; Eypy; ,lk;

bgw;Ws;sd. me;E}ypypUe;J xU ghly; ,=;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
tz;fPiu ? tskhd fPiu
gup ? Fjpiu
Kl;lg;ngha; ? KGjhfr; brd;W
fhy; ? tha;f;fhy;/ Fjpiuapd; fhy;.
kwpj;jy; ? jLj;jy; (kz;iz btl;oj; jLj;Jg;ghj;jp fl;Ljy;).

7 vjpupfisj; jLj;Jj; jhf;Fjy;.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. `Vwg; gupahFnk~ vd;Dk; bjhlupy; `gup~ vd;gjd; bghUs; _______
m) ahid M) Fjpiu ,) khd; <) khL [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 155

2. bghUe;jhj Xir cila brhy; _______

m) gha;ifahy; M) nkd;ikahy;
,) jpUk;g[ifapy; <) mof;ifahy; [tpil : ,]

3. `tz;fPiu~ vd;Dk;; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) tz; + fPiu M) tz;zk; + fPiu
,) tsk; + fPiu <) tz;ik + fPiu [tpil : <]
4. fl;o + moj;jy; vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______
m) fl;oapoj;jy; M) fl;oaoj;jy; g
,) fl;o moj;jy; <) fl;L moj;jy; [tpil : M]
U
rpWtpdh
1. fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k; vf;fhuz=;fshy; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd>
t
fPiug;ghj;jp Fjpiu k;
2
 kz;fl;ofis moj;Jj; J}shf;Fth;.  tz;ofspy; fl;o / moj;J Xl;lg;gLk;.
 kz;iz btl;oj; jLj;Jg;  fhy; khwp khwpg; gha;e;J bry;Yk;.
ghj;jpfshf;fp itj;jpUg;gh;.
 vjphpfis kwpj;Jj; jhf;Fk;.
 tha;f;fhypy; khwp khwp ePh;g;gha;r;Rth;.
 nghf ntz;oa ,lk; KGJk;
 ePh; filkilapd; ,Wjptiu brd;W brd;W kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUk;.
khw;wptplj; jpUk;g[k;.
? ,j;jifa fhuz=;fshy; fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
rpe;jid tpdh
eP=;fs; vtw;iwf; FjpiunahL xg;gpLtPu;fs;>
ehd; Fjpiuiaa[k; Mw;iwa[k; xg;gpLntd;. Fjpiu kw;Wk; MW Mfpa ,uz;Lk;
XLk;/ RHp ,Uf;Fk;. jhf;Fk;.

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

TLjy; tpdh
7
1. fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau;
m) tujd; M) Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
,) vj;jpuhRY
<) Rg;ukzpak; [tpil : m]
 651
156 ` f=;fh `

2. jLj;jy; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ??????

m) tz;fPiu M) ghp
,) kwpj;jy; <) Kl;lg;ngha; [tpil : ,]

FWtpdh
1. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
 nkfk; kiH bghHptJ nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu;
fhsnkfg;g[ytu; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.
2. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
 jpUthidf;fh cyh  ruRtjp khiy  gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;  rpj;jpu kly;
3. fhsnkfg; g[yth; TWk; Fjpiuapy; ,ay;g[fs; ahit>
-- tz;ofspy; fl;o/ moj;J Xl;lg;gLk;.
-- fhy; khwp khwpg; gha;e;J bry;Yk;.
-- vjphpfis kwpj;Jj; jhf;Fk;.

j -- nghf ntz;oa ,lk; KGJk; brd;W kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUk;.

kp 4. ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; vd;why; vd;d>

 xnu ghlypy; ,uz;L bghUs; njhd;Wk;go ghLjy; ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; MFk;.

H; ,jid rpnyil vd;Wk; TWth;.

rpW tpdh:
1. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau; tujd;.
-- 
nkfk; kiH bghHptJ nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu;
fhsnkfg;g[ytu; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.
-- 
jpUthidf;fh cyh/ ruRtjp khiy/ gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;/ rpj;jpu kly; Mfpa
E}y;fis vGjpa[s;shu;.
-- ,tuJ jdpg;ghly;fs; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L vd;Dk; Eypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd.

7
 ` f=;fh ` 157

fw;git fw;wgpd;

,U bghUs; jUk; brhw;fs; rpytw;iw vGjp/ mtw;wpd; ,U bghUs;fisa[k; vGJf.
(v.fh) khiy ? kyu; khiy/ me;jpg;bghGJ.
MW ? vz; / ejp ghh; ? cyfk;/ ghh;j;y;
md;dk; ? nrhW/ gwit jpiu ? fly; miy/ jpiur;rPiy
kjp ? mwpt[/ epyt[ go ? goj;jy;/ gof;fl;L
eif
bka;
? g[d;dif/ mzpfyd;
? cly;/ cz;ik
,ir ? g[fH;/ r=;fPjk;
g
U
nt=;if ? kuk;/ tpy=;F
jp=;fs; ? khjk;/ epyt[ fpis ? kuf;fpis/ cwt[
khL
ij
? tpy=;F/ bry;tk;
? khjk;/ ijj;jy;
kh
kiw
? khkuk;/ bghpa
? kiwj;jy;/ ntjk; t
vav
k;
eifr;Ritg; g[jph;

1. fLikahd kiH neuj;jpy; xUth; Filapd;wp ghijapy; ele;J brd;whh;. mthpd;

2
jiyKo xd;W Tl eidatpy;iy. fhuzk; vd;d>

2. xU tpkhdk; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfptpl;lJ/ jg;gpath;fis v=;F mlf;fk; bra;thh;fs;.

3. xU Mg;gps; kuf;fpisapy; 10 Mg;gps;fs; ,Ue;jd. mt;tHpapy; 10 ngh; brd;wdh;.

mth;fspy; jyh xU gHk; gwpf;f 9 Mg;gps;fs; v+;rpapUe;jd. vg;go>
tpil gf;fk; : 170

vav

7
 851
158 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
3 ciueil
cyfk;
ngRk; Xtpa=;fs;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Fif Xtpa=;fspy; tz;zk; jPl;lg; gad;gl;l bghUs;fspy; xd;W ?????????.
m) kz;Jfs; M) ePh; tz;zk;
,) vz;bza; tz;zk; <) fhpf;nfhy; [tpil : m]

2. eifr;Rit czh;t[ btspg;gLkhW tiuag;gLk; Xtpak; ??????????.

m) Fif Xtpak; M) Rth; Xtpak;
,) fz;zho Xtpak; <) nfypr;rpj;jpuk; [tpil : <]

j 3. `nfhl;nlhtpak;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????

kp m) nfhL + Xtpak;
,) nfhl; + nlhtpak;
M) nfhl;L + Xtpak;
<) nfho + Xtpak; [tpil : M]

H; 4. `brg;ngL~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????

m) brg;g[ + <L M) brg;g[ + XL
,) brg;g[ + VL <) brg;g[ + naL [tpil : ,]

5. vGj;J + Mzp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ????????????

m) vGj;J Mzp M) vGj;jhzp
,) vGj;Jjhzp <) vGjhzp [tpil : M]

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

7 1.

2.
fUj;Jg;gl=;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; _______

fyk;fhhp Xtpak; vd;WmiHf;fg;gLtJ _______

tpil : ghujpahh;

tpil : Jzp Xtpak;

kd;dh;fspd; Mizfisa[k; muR Mtz=;fisa[k; _______ kPJ bghwpj;Jg;

3. 
ghJfhj;jdh;. tpil : brg;ngLfspy;
 ` f=;fh ` 159

FW tpdh
1. Xtpa=;fspd; tiffs; ahit>
1. Fif Xtpak; 2. Rth; Xtpak; 3. Jzp Xtpak;
4. Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; 5. brg;ngl;L Xtpak; 6. je;j Xtpak;
7. fz;zho Xtpak; 8. jhs; Xtpak; 9. fUj;Jg;gl Xtpak;
10. etPd Xtpak;
2. Fif Xtpa=;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk; mwpa[k; bra;jpfs; ahit>
 Fif Xtpa=;fspy; ,Ue;J bra;jpfis kw;wth;fSf;Fj; bjhptpg;gjw;fhf
Fiffspy; Xtpak; tiue;jija[k; gHe;jkpHh; thH;f;if Kiwfisa[k; mwpayhk;.
g
3. jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;> U
 fhpf;nfhy;/ ePh; tz;zk;/ vz;bza; tz;zk; Mfpatw;iwf; bfhz;L jhs;
Xtpa=;fis tiuth;. t
4. Rth; Xtpa=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fisf; TWf.
 muz;kidfs;/ kz;lg=;fs;/ nfhtpy;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; nkw;TiufspYk;
k;
2
Rth;fspYk; Rth; Xtpa=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fshFk;.
5. brg;ngl;L Xtpa=;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fhl;rpfs; ahit>
 ePh;epiyfs;/ brobfhofs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ FwpaPLfs; Mfpad brg;ngl;L
Xtpa=;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fhl;rpfs; MFk;.
rpW tpdh
1. nfypr;rpj;jpuk; vd;why; vd;d>
 kdpj cUt=;fis tpe;ijahd njhw;w=;fspy; eifr;Rit njhd;Wk; go
tiutijf; nfypr;rpj;jpuk; vd;gh;.
2. Xiyr;Rto Xtpa=;fs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;ltw;iw vGJf.
-- Xiyr;Rtofs; kPJ vGj;jhzpfisf; bfhz;L nfhl;nlhtpakhft[k;
tz;zg;g{r;R Xtpakhf tiuth;.
-- ,it bgUk;ghYk; g[uhz/ ,jpfhrf; fhl;rpfisf; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;.
-- ,it j+;ir ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfj;jpy; kl;Lnk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. je;j Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLtJ Vd;>
7
 ahidapd; je;j=;fs; kPJ tiuag;gLk; Xtpa=;fs; je;j Xtpa=;fs; MFk;. ,t;tif
Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nfushtpy; ahidfs; kpFjpahff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. taJ Kjph;e;j ahidfSk;/ je;j=;fSk; nfushtpy; mjpfk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdnt/ je;j Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
 061
160 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Ma fiyfs; bkhj;jk; ?????????
m) 62 M) 96 ,) 64 <) 63 [tpil : ,]

2. gHe;jkpHhpd; thH;f;if Kiwia mwpe;J bfhs;s cjt[k; Xtpak; ?????????

m) Fif Xtpak; M) Jzp Xtpak;
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; <) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : m]

3. j+;ir bghpanfhapypy; cs;s Xtpak; ????????

m) Rth; Xtpak; M) Jzp Xtpak;
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; <) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : m]

4. jkpHfj;jpYk; Me;jpuhtpYk; Xtpah;fs; tiue;J tUk; Xtpak; ?????????/

j m) Rth; Xtpak;
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak;
M) Jzp Xtpak;
<) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : M]

kp 5. nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk; Xtpak; ????????

H; m) je;j Xtpak;
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak;
M) Jzp Xtpak;
<) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : m]

6. fz;zho Xtpak; tiua[k; Xtpah;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; ???????

m) nfhit M) nfush ,) j+;rht{h; <) Me;jpuh [tpil : ,]
7. fUj;Jg;gl Xtpak; Kjd; Kjypy; btspte;j ,jH; ???????
m) vGj;J M) ,e;jpah ,) tpLjiy <) fizahHp [tpil : M]

FWtpdh

7
1. Xtpak; tiuag; gad;gLk; Jzpapd; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
 vHpdp  jpiur;rPiy  fpHp  glhk;
2. grhh; bgapz;o=; vd;why; vd;d>
ehl;fhl;o Xtpa=;fis grhh; bgapz;o=; vd;gh;. ,jd; Kd;ndho bfhz;ilauh$%.
3. Xtpaj;jpd; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
 Xt[  Xtk;  rpj;jpuk;
 glk;  glhk;  tl;oifr; bra;jp
 ` f=;fh ` 161

4. Xtpak; tiugtUf;F tH=;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>

 fz;Qs;tpid+h;  Xtpag; g[yth;  Xtkhf;fs;
 fpstp ty;nyhd;  rpj;jpuf;fhuh;  tpj;jfh;
5. g[idah Xtpa=;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; ahit>
 beLey;thil  kzpnkfiy

vav

,ay; g
3 tphpthdk; jkpH; xsph; ,l=;fs;
U
eP=;fs; Rw;Wyh tHpfhl;oahf ,Ue;jhy;. Rw;Wyhf; ifnaL vd;Dk; gFjpapy; cs;s
,l=;fisg; ghh;itapl tUgth;fSf;F vt;thW tpsf;fpf; TWtPh;fs;>
t
ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk; k;
2
 j+;ir ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk; ,J jhd;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gHikahd E}yfk;
,J. fp.gp.1122 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;j E}yfk; ,a=;fp tUfpd;wJ. jkpH;/ bjY=;F
cs;spl;l gy bkhHpfspy; Xiyr; rtofs; ifbaGj;Jg; gofs; ,=;F cs;sd.
jkpH;g; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
 jkpH;g; gy;fiyf;fHfk; ,J. 1981y; jkpGf;fhfj; bjhl=;fg;gl;l gy;fiyf; fHfk;.
thdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;Fk; nghJ jkpH;ehL vd;w bgah; bjhpa[k; go fl;ll=;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wd. 5 g[y=;fSk; 25 JiwfSk; ,=;F cs;sd.
c.nt.rh. E}yfk;
 ,J c.nt.rh. E}yfk;. ,=;F 2128 Xiyr; Rtofs; kw;Wk; 2041 jkpH;E}y;fSk;
cs;sd.mLj;jJ fd;dpkhuh E}yfk; 1896 y; ,J bjhl=;fg;gl;lJ. jkpH;ehl;od;
ika E}yfk; ,J. 2 ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; nkw;gl;l E}y;fs; ,=;F cs;sd.
ts;Sth; nfhl;lk;

7
 ,J jhd; brd;id ts;Sth; nfhl;lk;. jpUts;Sthpd; g[fiH cyfwpar; bra;a[k;
tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1330 Fwl;ghf;fs; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
jpUts;Sth; rpiy
 ,J jhd; fd;dpahFkhpapy; cs;s jpUts;Sth; rpiy. jkpHf muR ,jid
epWtpaJ. ts;Sth; rpiy 133 mo cuj;jpy; cs;sJ. rpiyapd; vil VHhapuk; ld;
vil bfhz;lJ. jkpHhpd; milahsk; ,J.
 261
162 ` f=;fh `

g{k;g[fhh; rpw;gf; fiyf;Tlk;

 ,J mjhd; g{k;g[fhh; rpw;gf; fiyf;Tlk;. 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ,e;j efuk;
nrhHh;fspd; jiy efuk;. ,f; Tlk; vGepiy khlk; bfhz;lJ. fz;zfpapd;
tuyhiw tpsf;Fk; 49 rpw;gj;bjhFjpfs; ,lkbgw;Ws;sJ.
,g;go gy rpwg;g[fs; bfhz;l ,l=;fis ehk; ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fs; khtl;lj;jpYs;s Rw;Wyh ,l=;fspd; rpwg;g[fis vGjp tUf.
 v=;fs; <nuhl;oy; bghpahh; ? mz;zh epidtfk;/ bjhy;yha;t[f; Tlk;/ gthdp
rhfh; miz/ bfhonthp miz/ kpfg;bghpa $t[spr; re;ij Mfpait cs;sd. je;ij
bghpahh; mth;fs; gad;gLj;jpa midj;Jg; bghUl;fSk; E}y;fSk; g[ifg;gl=;fSk;
epidtfj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. gHikiag; giwrhw;Wk; fy;btl;Lfs;/
bjhy;bghUl;fs; ghJfhg;gplkhf t.c.rp. g{=;fh mUfpy; cs;s bjhy;yha;t[f;
Tlj;jpy; cs;sd. gHikkpf;f ePh;j;njf;fk; gthdprhfh;.
2. eP=;fs; fz;Lfspj;j ,l=;fspd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vGJf.
j  ehd; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fw;whyk;. ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; Fw;whyj;jpy; tPRk; fhw;W/

kp
@ypiffspd; mU=;Fz=;fis ,Gj;J tUk; fhl;lhw;W ePh; mUtpahf @ypif
ePuhfg; bghHpa[k;. jPuhj neha; Tl Fw;why mUtpapy; Fspj;jhy; eP=;Fkhk;.

H; vav

eifr;Ritg; g[jph;

4. xU je;ijf;F ehd;F bgz;gps;isfs; ,Ue;jdh;. ehd;F kfs;fspy; xt;bthU

kfSf;Fk; xt;bthU rnfhjuh; ,Ue;jhh; vdpy; mtUf;F bkhj;jk; vj;jid
gps;isfs;>

5. 
ahHpdpapd; mk;kht[f;F @d;W bgz; FHe;ijfs;. @j;jts; fz;kzp/

7
,uz;lhkts; jkpHurp. filrp kfspd; bgah; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;>
tpil gf;fk; : 170

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 163

,ay;
3 fw;fz;L bjhHpw;bgah;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

g
1. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>
m) vGJ M) ghL ,) goj;jy; <) eo [tpil : ,]
2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>
[tpil : M]
U
t
m) CW M) eL ,) tpG <) vGjy;

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh :
1. xl;lfk; ? Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;
tpil :
1. xl;lfk; ? tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgah;
k;
2. gpo
3. NL
rpW tpdh
? Kjdpiyj; jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; 2. gpo
? tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgah;; 3. NL
? Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;
? Kjdpiyj; jphpej
; bjhHpwb
; gah; 2
1. tsh;jy;/ ngRjy; ? ,it vt;tifg; bgah;fs;> tpsf;fk; jUf.
 tsh;jy;/ ngRjy; ? ,it tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah;fs;. `jy;~ vd;w bjhHpw;bgah;
tpFjp bgw;W tUtjhy; ,BJ tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah;fs; Mapw;W.
2. Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
Kjdpiyj; jphptjhy; cUthFk; bjhHpw;bgah; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; MFk;.
rhd;W : tpL ? tPL
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
ngRf.
eP=;fs; fz;L tpae;j Xtpa=;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;g=;fs; gw;wp tFg;giwapy; ngRf.
 tzf;fk;. ehd; fz;L tpae;j Xtpa=;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;g=;fs; gw;wpg; ngRfpd;nwd;.
rpj;jd;dthry; Xtpa=;fisa[k; khky;yg[uj;Jr; rpw;g=;fs; vd;id kpft[k; fth;e;jd.
rpj;jd;dthry; Xtpa=;fs; midj;Jk; capnuhl;lk; cs;sitahf/ cz;ikahd
7
fhl;rpfs; nghy fhl;rp mspf;fpd;wd. Xtpa=;fsh capUs;s bghUsh vd;W tpaf;Fk;
tifapy; cs;sJ. khky;yg[uj;jpy; cs;s xw;iwf; fy;rpw;g=;fs; mUikahdJ.
g+;rghz;lth; ujk;/ ee;jp Mfpad fiy eaj;JlDk; etPd ntiyg;ghLfs;
mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ek; fiyawpt[f;Fr; rhd;whf ,J cs;sJ. midtUk;
mjidf; fz;L fspg;nghk;. ed;wp.
 461
164 ` f=;fh `

ftpijia epiwt[ bra;f.

thDk; epyt[k; mHF
taYk; gapUk; mHF
flYk; miya[k; mHF
fhw;Wk; FspUk; mHF.
glk; czh;j;Jk; fUj;ij Ie;J thpfspy; vGJf.
xd;W TLnthk; ehk; xd;W TLnthk;
gr;ir ku=;fisf; fhg;nghk;
gRikia nerpg;nghk;- Rthrpg;nghk;-
,dpbahU tpjp bra;nthk;
,aw;ifiag; nghw;wnt-


bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhw;fis xU bjhlhpy; Kjy; kw;Wk; ,Wjpr;brhy;yhff;

j bfhz;L brhw;bwhlh; cUthf;Ff.

(Xtpaf;fiy/ ,ir/ fl;llf;fiy/ tz;z=;fs;)

kp (v.fh.) : Xtpaf;fiy fz;iza[k; fUj;ija[k; fth;fpwJ.

Ez;fiyfSs; xd;W Xtpaf;fiy.
H; 1. ,irf;F ka=;fhj caph;fs; ,y;iy.
v=;Fk; jkpH; ,ir.
2. fl;llf;fiyapy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.
rpwe;j fiy fl;llf;fiy.
3. tz;z=;fs; jPl;o Xtpak; tiunthk;.
kapy; njhifapy; vz;zw;w tz;z=;fs;.
,ilr;brhy; `I~ nrh;j;Jj; bjhliu kPz;Lk; vGJf.
(v.fh.) tPL fl;odhd; ? tPL + I + fl;odhd; = tPl;ilf; fl;odhd;

7
1. fly; ghh;j;jhd; ? fly; + I + ghh;j;jhd; = fliyg; ghh;j;jhd;
2. g[y; jpd;wJ ? g[y; + I + jpd;wJ = g[y;iyj; jpd;wJ
3. fjt[ jl;Lk; Xir ? fjt[ + I + jl;Lk; + Xir = fjitj; jl;Lk; Xir
4. ghly; ghodhs;; ? ghly; + I + ghodhs; = ghliyg; ghodhs;
5. mwk; Twpdhh; ? mwk; + I + Twpdhh; = mwj;ijf; Twpdhh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 165

fPH;f;fhQk; Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.

jiyg;g[ : v=;fs; Ch;
Kd;Diu ? miktplk; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ? bjhHpy;fs; ? rpwg;g[ kpF ,l=;fs; ?

jpUtpHhf;fs; ? kf;fs; xw;Wik ? Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
 mHfhd efuk;/ mikj;pahd efuk; v=;fs; <nuhL MFk;. vz;zw;w ts=;fs;
bgh=;Fk; ,lk; <nuhL. kdpjneak; jtGk; efh; v=;fs; <nuhL. mr;rpwg;g[kpF efh;

g
gw;wpf; fhz;nghk;.
miktplk; :
 fqh;/ nryk;/ nfhit Mfpaw;Wf; fpilna <nuhL efh; mike;Js;sJ. fhLfSk;
tay;fSk; NH;e;J eLtpdpy; ,aw;if mHF jtGk; tz;zk; <nuhL mike;Js;sJ. U

fhtphp MW gha[k; g[z;zpa g{kp <nuhL MFk;.
bgah;f;fhuzk; :
t
 ,uz;L Xilfs; XLtjhy; <nuhil vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.,Jnt fhyg;nghf;fpy;
kUtp <nuhL vd;W MdJ. gpuk;kh Ie;jhtJ jiyiaj; Jz;oj;j nghJ me;j
k;
2
kz;ilnahL rptbgUkhndhL xl;of;bfhz;L gpuk;k njhrk; gpoj;jJ. mth;
njhrk; nghf ,e;jpah KGtJk; ePuhodhh;. <nuhl;oy; te;J ePuhoa nghJ kz;il
XL @d;whfg; gphpe;J @d;W ,lj;jpy; tpGe;jJ. <h; (,Wjp) XL tpGe;j ,lk; <nuhL
Mapw;W vd;gh;.
bjhHpy;fs; :
 ntshz;ik/ ifj;jwp/ $kf;fhsk;/ Mil Maj;jk; Mfpa bjhHpy;fs; <nuhl;oy;
rpwe;J tps=;fptUfpd;wJ.
rpwg;g[kpF ,l=;fs; :
 bghpahh; ? mz;zh epidtfk;/ jpz;ly; KUfd; nfhapy;/ gpug; njthyak;/
gs;spghisak; jh;fh/ gz;zhhp mk;kd; nfhtpy;/ t.c.rp.g{=;fh Mfpad <nul;oy;
rpwg;g[kpF ,l=;fs; MFk;.
jpUtpHhf;fs; :

7
 khhpak;kd;/ gz;zhhp mk;kd;/ ghhpa{h; mk;kd;/ mwr;rhiy mk;kd; Mfpa
nfhapy;fspd; jpUtpHhf;fs; rpwg;ghff; bfhz;lhlg;gLk;. jpushd gf;jh;fs; ,jpy;
fye;J bfhs;th;.
kf;fs; xw;Wik :
 ,e;J/ ,!;yhk;/ fpwpj;Jtk; Mfpa rka=;fs; v=;fs; efhpy; ,Ue;j nghJk;
kf;fs; midtUk; xU jha; gps;is nghy xw;Wikahfnt ,Ue;JtUfpd;nwhk;.
xnu gFjpapy; nfhapy;/ gs;spthry;/ njthyak; Mfpa @d;Wk; mike;J v=;fs;
ey;ypzf;fj;ij btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
 661
166 ` f=;fh `

Kot[iu :
 ek; efhpd; mUik bgUikfis mwpe;J/ efiuf; fhj;J tsg;gLj;JtJ ekJ
flikahFk;.

bkhHpnahL tpisahL

fPH;f;fhQk; g[jpiug;goj;J tpiliaf; fz;lwpf.

1. ehd; ,dpik jUk; ,irf; fUtp.
vdJ bgau; MW vGj;Jfis cilaJ.
mjpy; ,Wjp ehd;F vGj;Jfs; tpiy cau;e;j xU cnyhfj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
Kjy; ,uz;L kw;Wk; filrp ,uz;L vGj;Jfisr; nru;j;jhy; tpy=;fpd; ntW
bgau; fpilf;Fk;.
ehd; ahu;> tpil : kpUj=;fk;
2. ehd; xU fhw;Wf; fUtp.

j ehd; g[y; tifiar; nru;e;j jhtuj;jpypUe;J cUthf;fg;gLfpnwd;.

vdJ bgau; VG vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;lJ.

kp Kjy; ,uz;L vGj;Jfs; xU jhtu tifiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.

H;
ehd; ahu;>  tpil : g[y;yh=;FHy;

gpd;tUk; gj;jpfisg; goj;J/ nfl;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

 rhiy tpgj;Jfisj; jtpu;f;fr; rhiytpjpfis mwpe;J xt;bthUtUk;
thfd=;fis Xl;l ntz;;Lk;.
 rhiyapy; thfd=;fis ,lg;g[wkhfnt brYj;j ntz;Lk;. ,UtHpr; rhiyapd;
ikaj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gl;Ls;s bts;isf;nfhL ,U nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhfr;
rhiy rup rkkhfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; Fwpf;Fk;. thfd=;fis Ke;Jtjw;Ff;
nfhl;Lf;F tyJ gf;fk; cs;s rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;s mDkjp cz;L.
,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; bjhlu;r;rpahf bts;is my;yJ k+;rs; nfhL

7
tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;TlhJ.
,ul;il k+;rs;nfhL tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F vf;fhuzk; bfhz;Lk;
tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;;TlhJ.
 xUtHpg;ghij vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rhiyapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
jpirapy; kl;Lnk thfd=;fisr; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. jlf;nfhLfs; ,lg;gl;Ls;s
rhiyapy; jlj;jpd; cs;nsna thfd=;fisr; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. thfdj;ijg;
gpd;bjhlUk;nghJ kpft[k; beUf;fkhfg; gpd;bjhluf;TlhJ. jpUk;g[k; nghJ irif
fhl;l milahs tpsf;if xspur; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 167

tpdhf;fs;:
1. rhiyapd; ve;jg;gf;fkhf thfd=;fisr;; brYj;;j ntz;Lk;>
rhiyapy; thfd=;fis ,lg;g[wkhfnt brYj;j ntz;Lk;.
2. tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gLk; bts;isf;nfhL vjidf;Fwpf;Fk;>
 ,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gl;Ls;s bts;isf;nfhL
,U nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhfr; rhiy rup rkkhfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

g
3. ve;jf; nfhl;ilj; jhz;o thfd=;fis Ke;jpr; bry;y mDkjp ,y;iy>
 ,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; bjhlu;r;rpahf bts;is my;yJ k+;rs; nfhL
tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;TlhJ.
,ul;il k+;rs;nfhL tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F vf;fhuzk; bfhz;Lk; U
tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ.
4. xUtHpg; ghij vdg;gLtJ ahJ>
t
 nghf;Ftuj;J behpriyf; Fiwf;f xnu rhiyapy; ,U Twhfg; gphpf;fhky;/
thfd=;fs; bry;tjw;nfh my;yJ tUtjw;nfh ikf;fg;gl;Ls;sit xUtHpg;ghij
k;
MFk;.
5. thfd=;fisg; gpd; bjhlu;tjw;fhd Kiwiaf;TW.
 thfdj;ijg; gpd;bjhlUk;nghJ kpft[k; beUf;fkhfg; gpd;bjhluf;TlhJ.
2
jpUk;g[k; nghJ irif fhl;l milahs tpsf;if xspur; bra;a ntz;Lk;.

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf....

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
gilg;ghsu; ? creator mHfpay; ? aesthetics
rpw;gk; ? sculpture J}upif ? brush
fiy+u; ? artist fUj;Jg;glk; ? cartoon

7
fy;btl;L ? inscriptions Fif Xtpa=;fs; ? cave paintings
ifbaGj;Jg;go ? manuscripts etPd Xtpak; ? modern art

vav
 861
168 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
3 thH;tpay; jpUf;Fws;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
bjhl;lidj;J CWk; kzw;nfzp khe;ju;f;Ff;
fw;widj;J CWk; mwpt[.
vz;zpj; Jzpf fUkk; Jzpe;jgpd;
vz;Qtk; vd;gJ ,Gf;F.
,Lk;igf;F ,Lk;ik gLg;gu; ,Lk;igf;F
,Lk;ik glhm jtu;.
E}y; : jpUf;Fws;
Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;

j
kp ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

H; rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. _______ jPik cz;lhf;Fk;.
m) bra;aj; jFe;j bray;fisr; bra;tjhy;
M) bra;aj; jfhj bray;fisr; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy;
,) bra;aj; jFe;j bray;fisr; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy;
<) vJt[k; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy;  [tpil : ,]
2. jd; Foiar; rpwe;j Foahfr; bra;a tpUk;g[thplk; _______ ,Uf;ff; TlhJ.
m) nrhk;gy; M) RWRWg;g[

7 ,) VH;ik

m) vGj;J + bjd;g
<) bry;tk;
3. `vGj;bjd;g~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
M) vGj;J + vd;g
[tpil : m]

,) vGj;J + ,d;g <) vGj; + bjd;g [tpil : M]

4. `fiue;Jz;Qk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) fiue;J + ,d;Dk; M) fiu + Jz;Qk;
,) fiue;J + cz;Qk; <) fiu + cz;Qk; [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 169

5. fw;widj;J + CWk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ???

m) fw;widj;J}Wk; M) fw;widJ}Wk;
,) fw;widj;jPUk; <) fw;widj;njhWk; [tpil : m]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. fw;Fk; Kiw ? bray; 1. fw;Fk; Kiw ?gpiHapy;yhky; fw;wy;

g
2. caph;f;Ff; fz;fs; ? fhfk; 2. caph;f;Ff; fz;fs; ? vz;Qk; vGj;Jk;
3. tpGr;bry;tk; ? gpiHapyy
; hky; fw;wy; 3. tpGr;bry;tk; ? fy;tp
4. vz;zpj; Jzpf ? vz;Qk; vGj;Jk; 4. vz;zpj; Jzpf ? bray;
5. futh fiue;Jz;Qk; ? fy;tp 5. futh fiue;Jz;Qk; ? fhfk;
U
FWtpdh
1. `ed;ik bra;tjpYk; jPik cz;lhFk;~ vg;nghJ>
t
 ehk; xUtUila gz;ig mwpe;j mtUf;F ed;ik bra;a ntz;Lk;.
,y;yhtpl;lhy; ed;ik bra;jhYk; jPik te;J nrUk;.
k;
2. jPik cz;lhf;Fk; ,uz;L bray;fs; ahit>
 bra;aj;jfhj bray;fisr; bra;tjhYk; bra;aj;jf;f bray;fisr; bra;ahky;
tpLtjhYk; jPik cz;lhFk;.
2
3. Jd;gj;jpy; Jd;gk; cz;lhf;Fgth; ahh;>
 Jd;gk; te;j nghJ tUe;jpf; fy=;fhjtu;/me;jj; Jd;gj;jpw;nf Jd;gk; cz;lhf;fp
mjid btd;W tpLtu;.
ghlg;gFjpapypUe;J gl=;fSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
tpil : 
bjhl;lidj;J CWk; kzw;nfzp khe;ju;f;Ff;
fw;widj;J CWk; mwpt[.

tpil :
vz;bzd;g Vid vGj;bjd;g ,t;tpuz;Lk;
fz;bzd;g thGk; caph;f;F.

TLjy; tpdh
7
FWtpdh
1. vg;gof; fw;W> vg;go elf;f ntz;Lk;>
 fw;f ntz;oatw;iwg; gpiH ,y;yhky; fw;f ntz;Lk;. fw;wgpd; fw;w tHpapy;
elf;f ntz;Lk;.
 071
170 ` f=;fh `

2. fz; nghd;wit vit>

vz;Qk; vGj;Jk; thGk; kf;fSf;Ff; fz;fs; nghd;wit.
3. kf;fs; mwpt[ vjidg; nghy tsuntz;Lk;>
 njhz;Lk; mstpw;F Vw;g kzw;nfzpapy; ePu; CWk;. mJnghy; fw;Fk; mstpw;F
Vw;g kf;fSf;F mwpt[ tsUk;.
4. mHptpy;yhj rpwe;j bry;tk; vJ > Vd;>
 mHptpy;yhj rpwe;j bry;tk; fy;tpna. xUtUf;F mjidtplr; rpwe;j bry;tk;
ntW ,y;iy.
5. xU braiy vg;go bra;antz;Lk;>
 ve;jr; braiya[k; ed;F rpe;jpj;j gpd; bjhl=;f ntz;Lk;. bjhl=;fpa gpd;
vz;zpg; ghu;f;fyhk; vd;gJ Fw;wkhFk;.
6. ahhplk; bry;tk; nrUk;>
 fhfk; jdf;Ff; fpilj;jij kiwf;fhky; jd; Rw;wj;jhiuf; Ttp miHj;J cz;Qk;.
mj;jifa gz;g[ cilatu;fsplnk bry;tKk; nrUk;.
j vav

kp eifr;Ritg; g[jph tpilfs;;

H; 1. mthpd; jiy bkhl;ilj;jiy

2. jg;gpath;fis mlf;fk; bra;akhl;lhh;fs;.

3. jyh vd;gJ xUthpd; bgah;. kw;w 9 ngUk; gHk; gwpf;ftpy;iy.

4. 5 gps;isfs;.

5. ahHpdp

7 vav
 ` f=;fh ` 171

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; gUtk; ? 2
,ay; ? @d;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4

1. kapYk; khDk; tdj;jpw;F ???????? jUfpd;wd.
m) fisg;g[ M) tdg;g[ ,) kiyg;g[ <) ciHg;g[

2. `tz;fPiu~ vd;Dk;; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????

g
m) tz; + fPiu M) tz;zk; + fPiu U
,) tsk; + fPiu <) tz;ik + fPiu
t
3. vGj;J + Mzp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ????????
m) vGj;JMzp M) vGj;jhzp ,) vGj;Jjhzp <) vGjhzp k;
4. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>

II.
m) CW M) eL
FW tpil jUf.
,) tpG <) vGjy;
3x2=6
2
5. jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait>
6. jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;>
7. Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
III. rpWtpil jUf. 3x2=6
8. rpw;g=;fSk; Xtpa=;fSk; vt;thW mika ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
9. Xiyr;Rto Xtpa=;fs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;ltw;iw vGJf.
IV. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. `fl;o mof;ifahy;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ,ul;LwbkhHpjy; ghly;.

vav
7
 271
172 ` f=;fh `

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL

VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
gUtk; ? 2
fhyk; : 2.00 kzp kjpg;bgz; : 60

I. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f. 14 x 1 = 14

1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ????????.
m) itf;nfhyhy; ntag;gLtJ M) rhe;jpdhy; g{rg;gLtJ
,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ
2. cut[ePh; mGtk; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs;
m) fhw;W M) thdk; ,) fly; <) kiy
3. ``bgU=;fly;~~ ,r;brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ
m) bgU + fly; M) bgUik + fly;
,) bghpa + fly; <) bgU=; + fly;

j 4. ,d;W + Mfp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ.

m) ,d;WMfp M) ,d;wpMfp ,) ,d;whfp <) ,d;whMfp

kp 5. fg;giy chpa jpirapy; jpUg;g[tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtp

m) Rf;fhd; M) e=;Tuk; ,) fz;il <) rKf;F
H; 6. `VblLj;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ???????
m) Vnl + njd; M) Vl;L + vLj;njd;
,) VL + vLj;njd; <) V + blLj;njd;
7. `gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; ???????.
m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth; ,) ghujpahh; <) ghujpjhrd;
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
8. fg;gy; fl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLk; ku Mzpfs; ??????? vd miHf;fg;gLk;.
9. fUj;Jg;gl=;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath ???????

7
10. nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk; Xtpak ???????
bghUj;Jf.
11. t=;fk; ? gfy;
12. ePfhd; ? fg;gy;
13. vy; ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
14. khl xs;bshp ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
II. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitnaDk; MwDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 6 x 2 = 12
15. kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ vJ>
 ` f=;fh ` 173

16. ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>

17. njhzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bgah;f;fhuzj;ijf; TWf.
18. bghpa fg;gw;gil bfhz;L gyehLfs; btd;w nrhHh;fs; ahth;>
19. ghujpjhrdpd; kdijf; ftu Kad;w ,aw;ifg; bghUs;fs; ahit>
20. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshf ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
21. kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
22. xU fiy vg;bghGJ caph;g;g[ilajhf mika[k;>
23. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
24.
III.
jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;>
3+2=5
g
U
mogpwHhky; vGJf.
25. `thdk; Cd;wpa~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; fy=;fiu tpsf;fg; ghly;.
26. bjhl;lidj;J vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
IV. vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6 t
27. kz; /bghd; vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;>
28. ,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>
k;
2
29. gjj;jpd; ,Utiffs; ahit>
30. gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
31. Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
V. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;Fg; gj;J thpfspy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
32. m) flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W vt;thW tpsf;FfpwJ>
(my;yJ)
M) `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
33. m) rpwpa ePhe
; piyfisa[k; fly;fisa[k; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd;
bgah;fis vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>
VI. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
34. `MH;flypd; moapy;~ fijiar; RUf;fp tiuf.
35. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.
 Kd;Diu ? gazj;jpd; njit ? jiutHpg;gazk; ? fly;tHpg;gazk; ?
thd;tHptHpg; gazk; ? Kot[iu
36. c=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; xd;W mikj;Jj; ju ntz;o E}yf MizahsUf;Ff;
7
fojk; vGJf.
VII. fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis mWtifg; bgah;fis tifg;gLj;Jf. 1x3=3
37. ey;Y}h;/ til/ nfl;ly;/ Kfk;/ md;dk;/ brk;ik/ fhiy/ tUjy;/ njhif/
ghujpjhrd;/ gs;sp/ ,wf;if/ bghpaJ/ nrhiy/ Ie;J kzp/ tpisahl;L/ g[jd;.
vav
 471
174 ` f=;fh `

j
kp jkpH;
H;

@d;whk; gUtk;
7
 ` f=;fh ` 175

,ay;
1 ftpijg;
ngiH
tpUe;njhk;gy;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
khhpbahd;W ,d;wp twe;jpUe;j fhyj;Jk;
ghhp klkfs; ghz;kfw;F ? ePh;ciya[s;
bghd;jpwe;J bfhz;L g[fhth ey;fpdhs; g
xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;.
U
t
E}y; : gHbkhHp ehD}W
Mrphpah; : Kd;Wiw miuadhh;;

Kd;Wiw miuadhu; k;
3
-- bgah; : Kd;Wiw miuadhh;
-- fhyk; : fp.gp.4
-- gilg;g[ : gHbkhHp ehD}W
-- rkak; : rkzh;

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
khup ? kiH klkfs; ? ,skfs;
twe;jpUe;j ? twz;oUe;j ey;fpdhs; ? bfhLj;jhs;
g[fth ? czthf Kd;wpy; ? tPl;od; Kd; ,lk; (jpz;iz)
,=;F tPl;ilf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. kuk; tsu;j;jhy; ????????? bgwyhk;.
m) khwp M) khup ,) fhup <) ghup [tpil : M]
7
2. `ePUiyapy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
m) ePU + ciyapy; M) ePu; + ,iyapy;
,) ePu; + ciyapy; <) ePU + ,iyapy; [tpil : ,]
 671
176 ` f=;fh `
3. khup + xd;W vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ??????????
m) khupbahd;W M) khupxd;W
,) khupapd;W <) khupad;W [tpil : m]

FW tpdh
1. ghup kfspupd; bgau;fis vGJf.
 m=;fit  r=;fit
2. `bghUs; VJk; ,y;yhj tPLfns ,y;iy~ ? vt;thW>
-- kiHapd;wp twl;rp epytpa fhyj;jpy;/ ghup kfspuhd m=;fit/r=;fit
Mfpnahuplk; ghzu;fs; ,ue;J epd;wdu;.
-- ghup kfspu; ciyePupy; bghd; ,l;L mtu;;fSf;Fj; je;jdu;. mjdhy; bghUs;
VJk; ,y;yhj tPL vJt[k; ,y;iy vd;gij mwpayhk;.

rpe;jid tpdh
jkpHu;fspd; gpw gz;ghl;Lf; TWfis vGJf.
j  <if/ caphpuf;fk;/ eLt[epiyik/ gpwUf;bfd thH;jy;/ vspa thH;f;if/ J}a

kp md;g[/ cyfg;bghJik Mfpad jkpHu;fspd; gpw gz;ghl;Lf; TWfs; MFk;.

H; TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. jpz;iz vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; ??????????.
m) khhp M) g[fth ,) klkfs; <) Kd;wpy; [tpil : <]

2. khhp vd;gjd; bghUs; ??????????.

m) kiH M) czt[ ,) ,skfs; <) jpz;iz [tpil : m]

3. gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; Mrpupau;

7 m) fhhpahrhd;
,) tpsk;gpehfdhh;
M) Kd;Wiw miuadhu;
<) ghhp

4. gHbkhHp ehD}W ????????? E}y;fSs; xd;W.

[tpil : M]

m) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F M) gjpbdz;nky;fzf;F
,) rpw;wpyf;fpak; <) fhg;gpak; [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 177

FW tpdh
1. Kd;Wiw miuadhu; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; Mrpupau; Kd;Wiw miuadhu; Mthu;.
-- ,tu; fp.gp. (bgh.M.) ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;ilr; nru;e;jtu; vd;gu;;.
-- gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; flt[s; thH;j;Jg; ghly; @yk; ,tu; rkz rkaj;ijr;
nru;e;jtu; vd mwpaKofpwJ.
2. gHbkhHp ehD}W ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- gHbkhHp ehD}W gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W.
-- ,J ehD}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ. xt;bthU ghlypd; ,WjpapYk; xU
g
gHbkhHp ,lk; bgw;wpUg;gjhy;/ ,J gHbkhHp ehD}W vd;Dk; bgau; bgw;wJ. U
3. ~~xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;~~ vd;Dk; gHbkhHpapd; bghUs; ahJ>
 xd;Wkpy;yhj tPL vJt[kpy;iy vd;gnj ~~xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;~~ vd;Dk; t
gHbkhHpapd; bghUs; MFk;.
k;
3
fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. ts;sy;fs; vGtupd; bgau;fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

 ghhp/ jpUKof;fhhp/ ty;tpy; Xhp/ Ma; mz;oud;/ ngfd;/ es;sp/ mjpakhd;
beLkhd+;rp Mfpnahh; fil vGts;sy;fs;.
2. tpUe;njhk;gy; gz;ig tpsf;Fk; fij xd;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; TWf.
 Xh; Chpy; rptdoahh; thH;e;J te;jhh;. mtUk; mtuJ FLk;gKk; jpdKk; ahnuDk;
xUtUf;fhtJ tpUe;njhk;gy; bra;tJ tHf;fk;. rptdoahhpd; FLk;gk; kpFe;j
tWikapy; ,Ue;jhYk; mjidf;fhl;lhJ/ tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpg;gh;. tpUe;jpdh;
cz;l gpd;g[jhd; midtUk; cz;Qth;. fhiyapy; ,Ue;J khiy tiu czt[
jahuhf ,Ue;Jk; tpUe;jpdh; tuhjjhy; ahUk; cz;zhky; gl;odp fple;jdh;.
rptdoahhpd; FHe;ijfSk; fhiyapy; ,Ue;J khiy tiu gl;odpahff; fple;J/

7
mH Muk;gpj;Jtpl;ldh;. ,ut[ neuj;jpy; bghpath; xUth; te;jhh;. Mdhy; mtnuh
jhd; ahh;tPl;oYk; cz;Qtjpy;iy/ ,ut[ j=;Ftjw;F ,lk;jhU=;fs;/ mJ nghJk;
vd;whh;. rptdoahh; jd; epiyia czh;j;jp/ jh=;fs; cz;lhy; jhd;. vd;Dila
FHe;ijfs; cz;z Koa[k; vd;whh;. FHe;ijfSf;fhf me;jg; bghpatUk; rhg;gpl;lhh;.
gpwF midtUk; cz;ldh;.

vav
 871
178 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
1 ftpijg;
ngiH
taYk; thH;t[k;

bgah; : fpU&;zuhag[uk; thRnjt b$fe;ehjd;

fhyk; : 11.04.1906 ? 04.11.1988
rpwg;g[ : c.nt.rhtpd; khzth;/ 1967,y; `tPuh; cyfk;~
vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tpkh;rd gilg;gpw;F rhfpj;a
mbfjkp tpUJ.
gilg;g[fs; : mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rp/ mjprpag;bgz;/
mWe;jje;jp/ Mj;k n$hjp cs;spl;l 134
E}y;fs;vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;

j FHp ? epy msitg;bgau; rPiy ? g[liy

kp rhz; ? ePll
kzp
; y; msitg;bgau;
? Kw;wpa bey;
kil ? taYf;F ePu; tUk; tHp
fHYjy; ? cjpu;jy;

H; Rk;khL ? ghuk; Rkg;gtu;fs; jiyapy; itj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; Jzpr;RUs

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. cHtu; nrw;W taypy; ?????????? eLtu;.
m) bro M) gapu; ,) kuk; <) ehw;W [tpil : <]

2. taypy; tpise;J Kw;wpa bew;gapu;fis ?????????? bra;tu;.

m) mWtil M) cHt[ ,) elt[ <) tpw;gid [tpil : m]

7 3. `nju;e;bjLj;J~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ??????????.

m) nju; + vLj;J
,) nju;e;jJ + mLj;J
M) nju;e;J + bjLj;J
<) nju;e;J + vLj;J [tpil : <]

4. `Xil + vy;yhk;~ vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy ??????????.

m) Xilvy;yhk; M) Xilbay;yhk;
,) Xl;ilbay;yhk; <) Xbly;yhk; [tpil : M]
 ` f=;fh ` 179

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. ehw;W ? gwpj;jy; 1. ehw;W ? eLjy;
2. ePu; ? mWj;jy; 2. ePu; ? gha;r;Rjy;
3. fjpu; ? eLjy; 3. fjpu; ? mWj;jy;
4. fis ? gha;r;Rjy; 3. fis ? gwpj;jy;
taYk; thH;t[k; ghlypy; cs;s nkhid/vJifr; brhw;fis vGJf.
nkhidr; brhw;fs;
(Kjy; vGj;J xnu khjphpahf tUtJ)
vJifr; brhw;fs;
(,uz;lhtJ vGj;J xnu khjphpahf tUtJ) g
Xil ? Xonaho
klkld;D ? kz;Fspuj;
rhYrhyhj; ? ehYehyh
U
t
xz;ziuf; FHp ? kz;Fspu ? ez;Lk;
ehj;bjy;yk; ? ehYehyh nrj;Jf;Fs;ns ? ehj;njy;yhk;
kzpnghyg; ? kdijbay;yhk;
Rk;khLk; ? RWRWg;g[k;
fpHf;fj;jp ? fHYijah
k;
3
ngr;R tHf;Fr; brhw;fis vGj;J tHf;fpy; vGJf.
(v.fh.) nghap ? ngha;
gpof;fpwh=;f ? gpof;fpwhh;fs;
tsUJ ? tsh;fpwJ
,w=;Fwh=;f ? ,w=;Ffpwhh;fs;
thuhd; ? tukhl;lhd;
FWtpdh
1. cHtu;fs; vg;nghJ ez;L gpoj;jdu;>
ehw;Wg; gwpf;Fk;nghJ cHth;fs; tay; tug;gpy; cs;s ez;Lfisg; gpoj;jdu;.
2. bew;fjpupypUe;J bey;kzpia vt;thW gpupg;gu;>
 fpHf;fj;jp khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;J bew;fjphpypUe;J bey;kzpiag;
gphpg;gh;. ,jw;F nghuoj;jy; vd;W bgah;.

7
rpWtpdh
1. cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
 xU rhQf;F xU ehw;W tPjk; RWRWg;ghf el;ldu;. elt[ el;l taypd;
kz;FspUkhW kiltHpna ePu;gha;r;rpdu;. el;l bew;gapu;fs; tupirahf tsu;e;J
brHpj;jd. ghy; gpoj;J Kw;wpa bey;kzpfs; kdk; ka=;FkhW tpise;jd. mWtil
bra;a[k; Ml;fSf;Fg; gzk; bfhLj;jdu;. mWtil bra;j bey;jhs;fisf;
fl;Lfshff; fl;oj; jiyf;Fr; Rk;khL itj;Jj; J}f;fpr; brd;W fsj;jpy; nru;j;jdu;.
fjpuoj;j bey;jhs;fisf; fpHf;fj;jp khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;jdu;. khLfs;
kpjpj;j bew;fjpu;fspy; ,Ue;J bey;kzpfs; kzpkzpaha; cjpu;e;jd.
 081
180 ` f=;fh `

rpe;jid tpdh
cHt[j;bjhHpypy; fhye;njhWk; Vw;gl;LtUk; khw;w=;fs; gw;wp vGJf.
 Mw;w=;fiuapy; ehfhpfk; cUthff; fhuzkhdJ cHt[j;bjhHpy;. tpijfis
tpijg;gJk;/ mtw;Wf;F ePh;gha;r;rp tsh;g;gJ kl;Lnk gH=;fhyj;jpy; eilbgw;wJ.
gpd;dh;/ kdpjd; jd; Ra mwpthy; cHt[j;bjhHpYf;F cjtpahf khLfisg;
gad;gLj;jp ,aw;if vUf;fisf; bfhz;L gaphpl;lhd;. gpd;dh; mwptpay;
tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf/ cGfUtpfisa[k; tpijj;jy; fUtpfisa[k;/ g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp/
braw;if cu=;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpisr;riyg; bgUf;fpdhd;.

TLjy; tpdh

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.

1. ehl;Lg;g[w=;fspy; ciHf;Fk; kf;fs; j=;fs; fisg;g[j; bjupahky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfg;
ghLk; ghlny ________ vdg;gLfpwJ. tpil : ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;

j 2. ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;fis ________ vd;Wk; tH=;Ftu;. tpil : tha;bkhHp ,yf;fpak;

3. gy;ntW bjhHpy;fs; Fwpj;j ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;fis ________ vd;Dk; E}ypy; fp.th.

kp b$fe;ehjd; bjhFj;Js;shu;. tpil : kiy mUtp

H; rpWtpdh
1. nghuoj;jy; vd;why; vd;d>
 mWtil bra;j bew;fjph;fisf; fsj;jpy; moj;J bey;iyg; gphpg;th;. bey; jhspy;
v+;rpapUf;Fk; bey;kzpfisg; gphpg;gjw;fhf khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;th;.
,jw;Fg; nghuoj;jy; vd;W bgah;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. ntshz;ik rhh;e;j fUtpfspd; bgah;fis vGjp tUf.
 Vh;/ kz;btl;o/ cHt[ ,ae;jpuk;/ tpijf;fyg;ig/ fisbtl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;/ ePh;

7 ghrd ,ae;jpuk;/ CryhLk; Til/ ntshz; thD}h;jp/ jhs;f;fj;jp/ fjpuo ,ae;jpuk;/

fsk;/ gly;/ ckp ePf;fp/ ,iz mWtil ,ae;jpuk;.

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 181

,ay; jpf;bfy;yhk; g[fGWk;

1 ciueil
cyfk; jpUbey;ntyp
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. jpUbey;ntyp ?????????? kd;du;fnshL bjhlu;g[ cilaJ.
m) nru M) nrhH ,) ghz;oa <) gy;yt [tpil : ,] g
2. ,s=;nfhtofs; ?????????? kiyf;F Kjd;ik bfhLj;Jg; ghodhu;. U
m) ,ka M) bfhy;yp ,) bghjpif <) tpe;jpa
3. jpUbey;ntyp ?????????? Mw;wpd; fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.
[tpil : ,]
t
m) fhtpup
,) bjd;bgz;iz
M) itif
<) jhkpuguzp [tpil : <]
k;
bghUj;Jf.

tpdh tpil
3
1. jz;bghUie ? bghd;ehza=;fs; 1. jz;bghUie ? jhkpuguzp.
cUthf;Fk; ,lk; 2. mf;frhiy ? bghd;ehza=;fs;
2. mf;frhiy ? Fw;whyk; cUthf;Fk; ,lk;
3. bfhw;if ? jhkpuguzp 3. bfhw;if ? Kj;Jf;Fspj;jy;
4. jpupTlkiy ? Kj;Jf; Fspj;jy; 4. jpupTlkiy ? Fw;whyk

FW tpdh
1. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; ahit>
 gr;irahW/ kzpKj;jhW/ rpw;whW/ fhiuahW/ nru;tyhW/ fldhejp Mfpait
jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; MFk;.
2. bfhw;if Kj;J gw;wpf; TWf.
-- jhkpuguzp flnyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; bfhw;if vd;Dk; JiwKfk; ,Ue;jJ.
7
-- ,=;F Kj;Jf;Fspj;jy; rpwg;ghf eilbgw;wJ.
-- bfhw;ifapy; tpise;j ghz;o ehl;L Kj;J cyfg; g[fH; bgw;wjhf tps=;fpaJ.
 281
182 ` f=;fh `

rpW tpdh
1. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpapy; eilbgWk; cHt[j; bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf.
-- j
pUbey;ntyp khtl;lg; bghUshjhuj;jpy; Kjd;ikahd g=;F tfpg;gJ
cHt[j;bjhHpy;. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; @yk; ,=;F cHt[j;bjhHpy; eilbgWfpd;wJ.
-- ,
 =;Ff; Fsj;Jg; ghrdKk; fpzw;Wg; ghrdKk; Tlg; gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd.
,UgUt=;fspy; bey; gapuplg;gLfpd;wJ.
-- k
 hdhthupg; gapu;fshfr; rpWjhdpa=;fs;/ vz;bza; tpj;Jfs;/ fha;fdpfs;/ gUj;jp/
gaW tiffs; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.
2. jpUbey;ntypf;Fk; jkpGf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fwpj;J vGJf.
-- mfj;jpah; bghjpif kiyapy; thH;e;jhh; vd;gh;.
-- r=;fg;g[yth;fshd khnwhf;fj;J eg;griyahh;/ ek;khH;thh;/ bghpahH;thh;/
FkuFUguh;/ jphpTluhrg;gf; ftpuhah;/ ftpuhrg; gz;ojh; Mfpnahh;
jpUbey;ntypapy; gpwe;J jkpGf;Fr; brGik nrh;j;Js;sdh;.

j -- $p.a[.nghg;/ fhy;Lbty;/ tPukhKdpth; nghd;nwhiuj; jkpHpd;ghy; <h;j;j bgUik

jpUbey;ntypf;F chpaJ.

kp 3. jpUbey;ntyp efu mikg;g[g; gw;wpf; TWf.

H;
-- bey;iyapy; cs;s bjUf;fs; gy mjd; gHikf;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sd.
-- f
 htw;g[iuj; bjU vd;W xU bjU cs;sJ. muruhy; jz;of;fg;gl;lth;fs; ,=;F
rpiwitf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,g;bgah; bgw;wJ.
-- n
 ky tPjpia mLj;J TiHf;filj; bjU cs;sJ. mjhtJ jhdpa=;fs; tpw;Fk;
filj; bjU MFk;.
-- K
 w;fhyj;jpy; bghd; ehza=;fis cUthf;Fgth; thH;e;j ,lk; mf;frhiyj;
bjU. bgU tzpfk; eilbgw;w ,lk; ngl;il.

rpe;jid tpdh

7
1. kf;fs; kfpH;r;rpahf thH xU efuk; vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpwPh;fs;>
-- ,aw;if tsk; kpFe;jjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- midj;Jg; bghUl;fSk; mUfpy; fpilf;Fk; go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- rhjp kj ngjkpd;wp kjey;ypzf;fj;ijg; nghw;Wk; goahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- Rw;Wg;g[wj;J}a;ik cilajhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 183

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Mf;!;nghh;L vd miHf;fg;gLk; efh; ???????????.
m) ghisa=;nfhl;il M) ngl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp <) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : m]

2. Kw;fhyj;jpy; ntQtdk; vd miHf;fg;gLk; ,lk; ???????????.

m) ghisa=;nfhl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp
M) ngl;il
<) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : M] g
3. ghz;oah;fspd; ,uz;lhtJ jiyefh; ???????????. U
m) ghisa=;nfhl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp
M) jpUbey;ntyp
<) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : M] t
4. ,yf;fpa=;fspy; jphpTlkiy vd;W Fwpf;fg;gLk; kiy ???????????.
m) bghjpif kiy M) Fw;why kiy
k;
3
,) bghUie <) ngl;il [tpil : M]

5. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpia tsk; brHpf;fr; bra;a[k; MW ???????????.

m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW
,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW [tpil : M]

6. jz;bghUie ejp vd;W Kw;fhyj;jpy; miHf;fg;gl;lejp ???????????.

m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW
,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW [tpil : M]

FWtpdh
1. @nte;jh; ahth;>
nruh;/ nrhHh;/ ghz;oah; Mfpnahh; @nte;jh; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;ldh;.
2. jpUbey;ntyp vd;Dk; bgah; bgw;w jd; fhuzk; ahJ>
 efiur; Rw;wp bey; tay;fs; ntyp nghy mike;jpUe;jjhy; jpUbey;ntyp
vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.
3. jpUbey;ntypapy; rpwg;g[kpf;f gHikahd kiyfs; ahit>
7
 bghjpif kiy  Fw;why kiy
4. ,ul;il efu=;fs; ahit>
 jpUbey;ntypa[k;/ ghisa=;nfhl;ila[k; ,ul;il efu=;fs; vd miHf;fg;
gLfpd;wd.
 481
184 ` f=;fh `

5. ghisa=;nfhl;il bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Vbjd;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzk;

ahJ>
 ghisa=;nfhl;ilapy; mjpf mstpy; fy;tp epiya=;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;/
ghisa=;nfhl;il bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Vbjd;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
6. gz;ila tuyhw;iw epidt{l;Lk; jpUbey;ntyp Ch;fs; ahit>
 nrud;khnjtp  f=;ifbfhz;lhd;  jpUkiyag;gg[uk;
 tPughz;oag;gl;odk;  Fynrfud; gl;ldk;
7. jpUbey;ntyp <h;j;j may;ehl;Lj; jkpHwp+h;fs; ahth;>
 $p.a[. nghg;  fhy;Lbty;  tPukhKdpth;
8. jpUbey;ntypapy; thH;e;j jkpH;g;g[yth; ahth;>
 khnwhf;fj;J eg;griyahh;/ ek;khH;thh;/ bghpahH;thh;/ FkuFUguh;/ jphpTluhrg;gf;
ftpuhah;/ ftpuhrg; gz;ojh;.
rpWtpdh

j 1. jpUbey;ntyp ?bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>

kp -- Kw;fhyj;jpy; jpUbey;ntypf;F @=;fpy; fhL vd;Dk; bghUs; bfhz;l

`ntQtdk;~ vd;Dk; bgah; ,Ue;jJ.

H; -- @=;fpy; bey; kpFjpahf tpise;jjhy; mg;gFjpf;F `bey;ntyp~ vd;Dk; bgah;

-- 
Vw;gl;oUf;fyhk;.
efiur; Rw;wp bey; tay;fs; ntyp nghy mike;jpUe;jjhy; jpUbey;ntyp
vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fSila khtl;lj;jpYs;s Rw;Wyh ,l=;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; njoj; bjhFf;f.
 bfhonthp miz/ bts;nshL gwitfs; ruzhyak;/ bghpahh; ? mz;zh
epidtfk;/ gthdp r=;fnk!;tuh; nfhapy;/ $t[spr; re;ij/ me;jpa{h; FUehj rhkp
nfhapy;/ gz;zhhp mk;kd; nfhapy;/ gthdp rhfh; Mfpad <nuhL khtl;lj;jpYs;s

7 Rw;Wyh ,l=;fs;.
2. jkpH;ehl;oYs;s khefuhl;rpfs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFf;f.
 jpUbey;ntyp/ jpUg;g{h;/ ntY}h;/ nfhit/ kJiu/ jpUr;rp/ nryk;/ J}j;Jf;Fo/
j+;rht{h; / jpz;Lf;fy;/ j+rht{h;/ <nuhL ? Mfpad jkpH;ehl;oYs;s khefuhl;rpfs;.

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 185

,ay; jpUbey;ntypr; rPika[k;

1 tphpthdk;
ftpfSk;
-- bgah; : o.nf. rpjk;guehjh; (urpfkzp o.nf.rp)
-- gzp : tHf;fwp+h;/ vGj;jhsh;/ jpwdha;thsh;
-- rpwg;g[g; bgah; : ,urpfkzp/ jkpHpirf;fhtyh;/ foj ,yf;fpa
Kd;ndho/ tsh;jkpH; Mh;tyh;/ Fw;why
Kdpth;
g
-- fhyk; : 16.09.1882 ? 16.02.1954 U
-- gilg;g[fs; : fk;gh; jUk; ,uhkhazk;/ urpfkzp
fl;Liufs; t
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh k;
3
o.nf.rp. Fwpg;gpLk; jpUbey;ntypf; ftp+u;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
Kd;Diu:
 jkpHfj;jpd; gy;ntW gFjpfspYk; rpwe;j g[ytu;fs; gyu; cUthfpa[s;sdu;.
mtu;fSs; jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpiar; nru;e;j g[ytu;fisg; gw;wp mwpe;J bfhs;nthk;.
vl;ilag[uk;:
 ftpkzp ghujpahu; gpwe;J tsu;e;j ,lk; vl;ilag[uk;. vl;ilag[u rk!;jhdk;
beLfpYk; Cu; Cuha;g; g[ytu;fSk; ftpuhau;fSk; thH;e;jdu;. njrpftpehafdhu;
fd;dpahFkupg; gf;fk; ? mjhtJ eh+;rpy; ehl;oy; gpwe;J tsu;e;jtuha; ,Ue;jhYk;
mtu; jkpiH mGj;jkhf Mu;tj;njhL fw;w ,lk; jpUbey;ntyp efu;jhd;.
 ghujpahUk; njrpftpehafdhUk; ek;nkhL xl;oatu;fs;/mtu;fis tpl;Ltpl;L/
bfh+;rk; Ke;jpa[s;s ftp+u;fisg; ghu;f;fyhk;. nfhapy;gl;oapypUe;J fpHf;nf vl;L
iky; J}uj;jpy;jhd; ghujpahupd; gpwg;gplkhfpa vl;ilag[uk; ,Uf;fpwJ. m=;nj Rkhu;

,UE}W tUl=;fSf;F Kd; ,Ue;jtu; foifKj;Jg; g[ytu;/ mtu; bt=;fnlRu
vl;lg;g uh$hitg; gw;wpg; gy ghly;fs; ghoapUf;fpwhu;.
rPitFz;lk; ? bfhw;if:
7
 jpUbey;ntypapypUe;J jpUr;bre;J}Uf;Fg; nghfpw khu;f;fj;jpny gjpbdl;lhtJ
ikypy; Mw;Wf;F tlfiuapy; rPitFz;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gps;isg;bgUkhs;
rPitFz;lj;Jg; bgUkhisg; gw;wpg; ghoa[s;shu;.
 bfhw;if vd;fpw rpW Cu;jhd; mJ. mjd; g[fnHh mghuk;. Rkhu; ,uz;lhapuk;
tUlj;Jf;F Kd;dpUe;j xU bgU=;ftp+u; Kj;bjhs;shapu Mrpupau;.
 681
186 ` f=;fh `

fUit ey;Y}h;:
 r=;fud;nfhapYf;F tlf;nf vl;L ikypy; Kf;fpakhd !;jyk; fUitey;Y}u;/
,jw;Ff; fuptyk; te;j ey;Y}u; vd;Wk; bgau;. nfhapYk; Rw;W tPjpfSk; mHfha;
mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,j;jpUj;jyj;jpd; rpwg;gpy; njha;ej g[ytu; xUtu; jpUf;fUit
btz;gh me;jhjp/ gjpw;Wg;gj;je;jhjp/ fypj;Jiw me;jhjp vd;w @d;W E}y;fisg;
ghoapUf;fpwhu;.
Fw;whyk;:
 ftp ,y;yhkny kdirf; ftuf;Toa ,lk; Fw;whyk;. nfhapy;/ mUtp/ nrhiy
bghjpe;j kiy/ bjd;wy; vy;yhk; nru;j;J mike;jpUg;gijg; ghu;j;jhy;/ cyfj;jpnyna
,e;j khjpup ,lk; ,y;iy vd;nw brhy;yyhk;. Rkhu; Mapuj;J Ke;E}W tUl=;fSf;F
Kd; jpU+hd rk;ge;ju; ,=;F te;jhu;. Ez; Jsp J}=;Fk; Fw;whyk; vd;W ghodhu;.
 gpw;fhyj;jpny vGe;j jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; Kf;fpakhdJ Fw;whyf; Fwt+;rp/
mBJ cz;ikahd jkpH;g; gz;g[k; ftpg;gz;g[k; tha;e;jJ. ,UE}w;iwk;gJ
tUl=;fSf;F Kd; Fw;whyj;Jf;Ff; fpHf;nf ,uz;L ikypy; cs;s nkyfuj;jpy;
thH;e;Jte;j jpupTluhrg;gf; ftpuhau; ghoa E}y;.

j Kot[iu
 jkpH;kzk; fkGk; efh;/ jkpH; tsh;j;j efh; vd;W nghw;WjYf;Fhpa efh;
kp jpUbey;ntyp vd;gij mwpaKofpd;wJ.

H; fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fSf;F gpoj;j ftpij xd;iwg; gw;wp tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
thH;f;if
``bgl;o gLf;iffis
Rke;jgo
xU
gpuahzk;

vg;nghJ Rikfis

7
,wf;fp itf;fpnwhnkh
mg;nghJ

Rw;wp ,Ug;gth;fs;
ek;ikr;
Rkf;f bjhl=;Ffpwhh;fs;~~.
? K. nkj;jh
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 187

,ay;
mzp ,yf;fzk;
1 fw;fz;L

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

FWtpdh:
1. ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ tpsf;Ff.
 xg;gpl;Lf; Twg;gLk; bghUis ctik my;yJ ctkhfk; vd;gu;. ctikahy;
tpsf;fg;gLk; bghUis ctnkak; vd;gu;. `nghy~/ `nghd;w~ vd;git ctk
g
cUg[fshFk;.
U
2. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
 xU ghlypy; ctika[k;/ ctnkaKk; te;J ctk cUg[ btspg;gilahf te;jhy; t
mJ ctik mzp.ctk cUg[ kiwe;J te;jhy; mBJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp.

TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
k;
FWtpdh
1. mzp vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ>
mzp vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mHF vd;gJ bghUs;.
3
2. mzp vd;why; vd;d>
xU bra;a[isr; brhy;yhYk;/ bghUshYk; mHF bgwr; bra;jiy mzp vd;gu;.
3. ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp vd;why; vd;d>
cyfpy; ,y;yhj xd;iw ctikahff; TWtij ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp vd;gu;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;

gpd;tUk; bjhlu;fspy; cs;s ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ Mfpatw;iwf;

7
fz;lwpe;J vGJf.
bjhlu;fs; ctik ctnkak; ctkcUg[
kyud;d ghjk; kyu; ghjk; md;d
njd; nghd;w jkpH; njd; jkpH; nghd;w
g[yp nghyg; gha;e;jhd; nrhHd; g[yp gha;e;jhd; nrhHd; nghy
kapbyhg;g Modhs; khjtp kapy; Modhs; khjtp xg;g
 881
188 ` f=;fh `

bkhHpia Ms;nthk;

fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.

ehd; tpUk;g[k; ftp+u;
tzf;fk;.
 ghnte;jnu ehd; tpUk;g[k; ftp+uhthh;.,sikapny tsik kpFk; ftp ghLk;
Mw;wy; mtUf;fpUe;jJ. fw;fz;Lr; Ritaida brhw;bfhz;L ghodhh;.
tpw;bfhz;L mog;gJ nghy; tpiue;J tUk; brhy;yk;ghy; jPikfisr; rhodhh;.
 rKjhaj;ijnah/ @l ek;gpf;fifisnah rhLk; nghJ g[ul;rp ntfk;
gpwf;fg;ghodhh;.
`Xlg;g uhapUf;Fk; Vi Hag;gh;
cijag;guhfp tpl;lhy; ? Xh; behof;Fs;
Xlg;gh; caug;gh; vy;yhk; khwp/
xg;gg;gh; Ma;tpLthh; czug;gh eP-~
vdg; ghoath; mth;.
 `,Ul;liwapy; cs;sjlh cyfk;: rhjp ,Uf;fpd;w bjd;ghDk; ,Uf;fpd;whnd~

j vdf; FKwpdhh;. `nfhhpf;ifaw;Wf; fplf;Fjz;nz ,=;F nthpw;gGj;j gyh-~ vdf;

Twp tpjitah; kzj;ij ntz;odhh;- `g[jpanjhh; cyfk; bra;nthk; bfl;l nghhpLk;

kp cyfj;ij ntUld; rha;g;nghk;-~ vdr; rgjk; bra;jhh;. vz;zw;w jkpH; be+;rpy;

,d;Wk; ? vd;Wk; FoapUg;gth; ek; ghnte;jd;.

H;
ed;wp.
vdf;Fg; gpoj;j ghly;.
,d;gj; jkpH;;
jkpGf;Fk; mKbjd;W ngh;- ? mejj; jkpH; v=;fs; ,sikf;Fg; ghy;- ,d;gj;
jkpH; ,d;gj;jkpH; v=;fs; capUf;F neh; jkpH; ey;y g[fH; kpf;f g[yth;f;F nty;-
jkpGf;F epybtd;W ngh;- ? ,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; cah;t[f;F thd;- ? ,d;gj;
jkpH; v=;fs; r@fj;jpd; tpist[f;F ePh;- jkpH; v=;fs; mrjpf;Fr; Rlh; je;j njd;-
jkpGf;F kzbkd;W ngh;- ? ,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; mwpt[f;Fj; njhs;- ? ,d;gj;
jkpH; v=;fs; thH;tpf;F epUkpj;j Ch;- jkpH; v=;fs; ftpijf;F tapuj;jpd; ths;-

7
jkpGf;F kJ btd;W ngh;- ? ,dgj; jkpH; v=;fs; gpwtpf;Fj; jha;- ? ,d;gj;
jkpH; v=;fs; brk; gapUf;F nth;- jkpH; v=;fs; tskpf;f csKw;w jP-
brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.
1. khLfs; bfhz;L epyj;ij cGjdu;.
2. ePu;tsk; kpf;f Cu; jpUbey;ntyp.
3. bey;iyapy; jkpH;f; ftp+u; gyu; thH;e;jdu;.
4. mfj;jpau; thH;e;j kiy bghjpif kiy.
5. ,y;yhj bghUis ctikahf;FtJ ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp.
 ` f=;fh ` 189

ghliyg; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

gid kunk gid kunk mGfpw gps;isfl;Ff;
Vd; tse;nj ,j;J}uk;> fpYfpYg;ig ehdhndd;-
Fof;fg; gjdpahndd;- ifjpupf;Fk; fapWkhndd;-
bfhz;L tpw;f E=;fhndd;- fd;Wfl;lj; Jk;g[khndd;-
J}uj;J kf;fSf;Fj; ? ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;
J}njhiy ehdhndd;-
tpdhf;fs;: g
1. gid kuk; jUk czt[g; bghUs;fs; ahit>
gjdp/ E=;F/ U
2. gid kuk; ahUf;F fpYfpYg;igiaj; jUk;>
gid kuk; mGfpd;w gps;isfSf;Ff; fpYfpYg;igiaj; jUk;. t
3. `J}njhiy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGJf.
J}J + Xiy.
k;
3
4. gidkuk; @yk; ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; bghUs;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
gjdp/ E=;F/ Xiy. fpYfpYg;ig/ fapW/ Jk;g[.
5. ghlYf;F Vw;w jiyg;ig vGJf.
gidkuk;.
gpd;tUk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.
vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;.
vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y; ? rpyg;gjpfhuk;
Kd;Diu:
 md;idj; jkpHpy; gy nfho E}y;fs; ,Ug;gpDk;/ vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y;
rpyg;gjpfhunk MFk;. mjidg; gw;wp tphpthff; fhz;nghk;.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; mikg;g[:
 rpyg;gjpfhuk; g[fhh;f; fhz;lk;/ kJiuf; fhz;lk;/ t+;rpf; fhz;lk; vd @d;W

bgUk; gphpt[fisa[k;/ Kg;gJ fhijfshfpa rpWgphpita[k; bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;E}iy
,s=;nfhtofs; ,aw;wpa[s;shh;.
rpyg;gjpfhuf; fij:
 g[fhh; efuj;jpy; nfhtyDk;/ fz;zfpa[k; jpUkzk; bra;J thH;fpd;wdh;.
7
fz;zfpiag; gphpe;J nfhtyd; khjtpa[ld; thH;fpd;whh;. mtisg;gphpe;J kPz;Lk;
fz;zfpa[ld; kJiu bry;fpd;whh;. fz;zfpapd; rpyk;ig tpw;fr; brd;w ,lj;jpy;
bfhy;yg;gLfpd;whd;.fz;zfp ePjpia epiyehl;o kJiuia vhpj;J/ thDyfk;
bry;fpd;whs;.
 091
190 ` f=;fh `

rpwg;g[fs;:
-- Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSs; xd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk;.
-- 
Kj;jkpH;f; fhg;gpak;/ ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; bra;a[s;/ ehlff; fhg;gpak;/
Fokf;fs; fhg;gpak; vd;bwy;yhk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; E}y;.
-- Fokf;fisf; fij khe;juhff; bfhz;L vGjg;gl;l Kjy; E}y; ,J.
fth;e;j fhuzk;:
 @nte;jh;fisg; gw;wpa[k;/ Kj;jkpH; gw;wpa[k;/ Kr;Rit gw;wpa[k;/ Ke;ePjpfisg;
gw;wpa[k; xnu E}ypy; tpsf;Ftjhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;id kpft[k; fth;e;jJ.
bghJkf;fisj; jiytuhff; bfhz;L ghlg;gl;ljhYk; vd;idf; fth;e;jJ ,e;E}y;.
Kot[iu:
 rpyg;gjpfhuk; kpft[k; ,dpikahd E}y; vd;gij mwpe;J/ ehd; goj;njd;/ vd;idf;
fth;e;jJ. eP=;fSk; goa[=;fs;- c=;fisa[k; ftUk;-

bkhHpnahL tpisahL
j FWf;bfGj;Jg; g[jpu;.

kp jkpH;ehl;oy; cs;s Cu;g; bgau;fisa[k; mtw;wpd; rpwg;iga[k; mwpnthk;.

H; jp
z;
U g;
rp
g{
r; U
h;; C l;
f
o
jp
L fh w; V U br d; id
f; y; th dp
f rp d q h; ah K
y; fh f; iu fh h; f F z;

7 L
t
rp
nuh <
J
k
f;
il
e
J
U
k
hp
l;
e;
J
bfh
j +; rh t{ h; tp iw
 ` f=;fh ` 191

,lkpUe;J tyk; tykpUe;J ,lk;

1. gpd;dyhil efuk; ? jpUg;g{h; 3. kiyf;nfhl;il efuk; ? jpUr;rp
2. kiyfspd; murp ? Cl;o 5. ViHfspd; Cl;o ? Vw;fhL
6. jkpHfj;jpd; jiyefuk; ? brd;id 8. kh=;fdpj; jpUtpHh ? fhiuf;fhy;
13. bew;fs+;rpak; ? j+;rht{h; 11. k+;rs; khefuk; ? <nuhL

nkypUe;J fPH; fPHpUe;J nky;

1. g{l;L efuk; ? jpz;Lf;fy;
3. nju; mHF efuk; ? jpUthqh;
9. gl;lhR efuk;
10. J}=;fh efuk;
? rptfhrp
? kJiu g
4. bjw;F vy;iy ? fd;dpahFkhp 12. kiyfspd; ,sturp ? bfhilf;fhdy;
U
7. g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; ? Kz;lj;Jiw 14. fu;ktPuh; efuk;
bjhlUf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ctikia vLj;J vGJf.
? tpUJefh;.
t
1. vd; jhahu; vd;id ________ fhj;J tsu;j;jhu;.
(fz;iz ,ik fhg;gJ nghy/ jhiaf;fz;l nriag; nghy)
k;
3
tpil:fz;iz ,ik fhg;gJ nghy
2. ehDk; vd; njhHpa[k; ________ ,ize;J ,Ug;nghk;.
(,+;rp jpd;w Fu=;F nghy/ efKk; rija[k; nghy)
tpil: efKk; rija[k; nghy
3. jpUts;Stupd; g[fiH ________ cyfnk mwpe;Js;sJ.
(vypa[k; g[{ida[k; nghy/ cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy)
tpil: cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy
4. mg;Jy; fyhkpd; g[fH; ________ cyfbk=;Fk; gutpaJ.
(Fd;wpd;nkypl;l tpsf;F nghy/ Flj;Js; ,l;l tpsf;F nghy)
tpil: Fd;wpd; nkypl;l tpsf;F nghy.
5. rpWtajpy; ehd; ghu;jj epfH;r;rpfs; ________ vd; kdj;jpy; gjpe;jd.
(fpzw;Wj;jtis nghy/ gRkuj;jhzp nghy)

7
tpil: gRkuj;jhzp nghy.
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cupd; bgau;fspy; ,Ue;J g[jpa brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.
(v.fh) jpUbey;ntyp ? jpU/ bey;/ ntyp/ nty;
1. ehfg;gl;odk; ________ tpil : ehfk;/ gl;odk;/ gl;o/ eho.
2. fd;dpahFkup ________ tpil : fd;dp/ Fkup/ kup/ fdp.
3;;. br=;fy;gl;L ________ tpil : br=;fy;/ gl;L/ fy;/ fl;L.
4. cjfkz;lyk; ________ tpil : fkz;lyk;/ kz;lyk;/ cyfk;/ cz;.
5. gl;Lf;nfhl;il ________ tpil : gl;L/ nfhl;il/ gil/ nfhil.
 291
192 ` f=;fh `

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf...

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
fupfk; ? civilization ePu;g;ghrdk; ? irrigation
ehl;Lg;g[wtpay; ? folklore may;ehl;odu; ? foreigner
mWtil ? harvest ntshz;ik ? agriculture
ePu;g;ghrdk; ? irrigation ftp+u; ? poet
may;ehl;odu; ? foreigner bew;gapu; ? paddy
ehfupfk; ? civilization
gapupLjy; ? cultivation
ehl;Lg;g[wtpay; ? folklore
mWtil ? harvest cHtpay; ? agronomy
vav
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; ? xd;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

j I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. kuk; tsu;j;jhy; ________ bgwyhk;.
4x1=4

kp m) khwp M) khup ,) fhup <) ghup

2. `nju;e;bjLj;J~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________
H; m) nju; + vLj;J
,) nju;e;jJ + mLj;J
M) nju;e;J + bjLj;J
<) nju;e;J + vLj;J
3. jpUbey;ntyp ________ Mw;wpd; fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.
m) fhtpup M) itif ,) bjd;bgz;iz <) jhkpuguzp
4. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpia tsk; brHpf;fr; bra;a[k; MW ________
m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW ,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW
II. FWtpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. ghup kfspupd; bgau;fis vGJf.
6. bfhw;if Kj;J gw;wpf; TWf.

7 7. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>

III. rpW tpil jUf.
8. cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
3x2=6

9. jpUbey;ntypf;Fk; jkpGf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fwpj;J vGJf.

IV. fl;Liu vGJf. 1x4=4
10. vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 193

,ay;
g[Jik tpsf;F
2 ftpijg;
ngiH

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
itafk; jfspah thh;flny bea;ahf
bta;a fjpnuhd; tpsf;fhfr; ? bra;a


Rlh;MHpahd; mof;nf Nl;ondd; brhy;khiy
,lh;MHp eP=;Ffnt vd;W. g


E}y; : ehyhapuj;jpy;ag; gpug;ge;jk; Kjy; jpUte;jhjp
Mrphpah;: bgha;ifahH;thh;
U
t
bgha;ifahH;thh;:
-- bgha;ifahH;thh; fh+;rpg[uj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s
jpUbtBfh vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;jth;.
k;
-- ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jj;jpy; cs;s Kjy; jpUte;jhjp
,th; ghoajhFk;.
g{jj;jhH;thh;:
-- g{jj;jhH;thh; brd;idia mLj;Js;s khky;yg[uj;jpy;
3
gpwe;jth;.
-- ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp
,th; ghoajhFk;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
ghly; ? 1 ghly; ? 2
itak; ? cyfk; jfsp ? mfy;tpsf;F
bta;a ? btg;gf;fjph; tPRk; +hdk; ? mwpt[
Rlh; MHpahd; ? x
 sptpLk; rf;fuj;ij Mh;tk; ? tpUg;gk;

,lh; MHp
cila jpUkhy;
? Jd;gf;fly;
brhy;khiy ? ghkhiy
Rlh;
ehuzd;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

? xsp
? jpUkhy; 7
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. ``,lh; MHp eP=;Ffnt ~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; ________.
m) Jd;gk; M) kfpH;r;rp ,) Mh;tk; <) ,d;gk; [tpil : m]
 491
194 ` f=;fh `

2. `+hdr;Rlh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ________

m) +hd + Rlh; M) +hdr; + Rlh;
,) +hdk; + Rlh; <) +hdp + Rlh; [tpil : ,]

3. ,d;g[ + cUF vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ________

m) ,d;g[ cUF M) ,d;gk[ ; cUF
,) ,d;g[UF <) ,d;gUF [tpil : ,]
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. md;g[ ? bea; 1. md;g[ ? jfsp
2. Mh;tk; ? jfsp 2. Mh;tk; ? bea;
3. rpe;ij ? tpsf;F 3. rpe;ij ? ,Ljphp
4. +hdk; ? ,Ljphp 4. +hdk; ? tpsf;F

j FW tpdh
1. bgha;ifahH;thUk; g{jj;jhH;thUk; mfy;tpsf;fhf vtw;iw cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;>

kp  bgha;ifahH;thh; mfy;tpsf;fhfg; g{kpiaa[k;/ g{jj;jhH;thh; mfy;tpsf;fhf

md;iga[k; cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
H; 2. bgha;ifMH;thh; vjw;fhfg; ghkhiy Nl;odhh;>
bgha;ifMH;thh; jd; Jd;gf;fly; eP=;f ntz;og; ghlyhy; khiy Nl;odhh;.
rpWtpdh
1. g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
 +hdj;jkpH; gapd;w g{jj;jhH;thh; md;igna mfy;tpsf;fhft[k;/ Mh;tj;ijna
bea;ahft[k;/ ,dpikahy; cUFk; kdj;ijna ,Lfpd;w jphpahft[k; bfhz;L/ +hd
xspahfpa Rlh;tpsf;if kdk; cUf jpUkhYf;F Vw;wpdhh;.
rpe;jid tpdh

7 1. bgha;ifahH;thh; +hdj;ij tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. eP=;fs; vtw;iw vy;yhk;

tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;JtPh;fs;>
 ehd; mwpt[/ jd;dk;gpf;if/ Kaw;rp/ fod ciHg;g[/ Cf;fk;/ fy;tp/ caph;/ cz;ik
Mfpaw;iwbay;yhk; tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;Jntd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 195

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. g{kpiag; bgha;if MH;thh; cUtfg;gLj;JtJ ?????????.
m) mfy; tpsf;F M) fly; ,) ghkhiy <) md;g[ [tpil : m]
2. Jd;gj;ijg; bgha;if MH;thh; cUtfg;gLj;JtJ ?????????.
m) mfy; tpsf;F M) fly; ,) ghkhiy <) md;g[ [tpil : M]
3. rpte;j xsptPRk; rf;fuj;ij cilath; ????????.
m) jpUkhy; M) bgha;if MH;thh; g
,) g{jj;jhH;thh; <) ngahH;thh; [tpil : m]
U
4. me;jhjp vd;gJ ????????? tiffSs; xd;W.
m) fhg;gpa M) g[jpd t
,) rpw;wpyf;fpa
<) nghpyf;fpa
5. ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jg; ghliyj; bjhFj;jth; ??????????.
[tpil : ,]
k;
3
m) ehjKdp M) bgha;if MH;thh;
,) g{jj;jhH;thh; <) ngahH;thh; [tpil : m]
FW tpdh
1. me;jhjp vd;why; vd;d>
 xU ghlypd; ,Wjp vGj;njh/ mirnah/ brhy;nyh mLj;J tUk; ghlYf;F
Kjyhf miktJ me;jhjp MFk;.
2. KjyhH;thh; @th; ahth;>
 bgha;if MH;thh;  g{jj;jhH;thh;  ngahH;thh;
3. ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jk; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- jpUkhiyg; nghw;wpg; ghoth;fs; gd;dpU MH;thh;fs;.
-- mth;fs; ghoa ghly;fs; bjhFg;ng `ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jk;~ MFk;.
-- ,jidj; bjhFj;jth; : ehjKdp.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
gd;dpU MH;thh;fspd; bgah;fisj; jpul;Lf.
 bgha;if MH;thh;  g{jj;jhH;thh;  ngahH;thh;
7
 jpUkHpirMH;thh;  ek;khH;thh;  kJuffp MH;thh;
 bghpahH;thh;  Mz;lhs;  jpUk=;if MH;thh;
 bjhz;luog; bghoahH;thh;  jpUg;ghzhH;thh;  Fynrfu MH;thh;.
vav
 691
196 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
mwk; vd;Dk; fjph;
2 ftpijg;
ngiH

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
,d;brhy; tpisepydh <jny tpj;jhf
td;brhy; fisfl;L tha;ik vUtl;o
md;g[ePh; gha;r;rp mwf;fjph; <dXh;
ig=;TH; rpWfhiyr; bra;.
E}y; : mwbewpr;rhuk;
Mrphpah; : Kidg;ghoahh;

Kidg;ghoahh;:

j Kidg;ghoahh; jpUKidg;gho vd;Dk; Ciur; nrh;ej

fhyk; : fp.gp13 Mk; E}w;whz;L.
; rkzg;gy
[ th;.

kp gilg;g[ : mwbewpr;rhuk;

H; brhy;Yk; bghUSk;

tpj;J ? tpij fis ? ntz;lhj bro

<d ? bgw ig=;TH; ? gRikahd gaph;
epyd; ? epyk; td;brhy; ? fL+;brhy;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

7 1. fhe;jpaofs; vg;nghJk; ?????????g; ngrpdhh;.

m) td;brhw;fis
,) fijfis
M) murpaiy
<) tha;ikia [tpil : <]

2. `,d;brhy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.

m) ,dpa + brhy; M) ,d;ik + brhy;
,) ,dpik + brhy; <) ,d; + brhy; [tpil : ,]
 ` f=;fh ` 197

3. mwk; + fjph; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ??????????.

m) mw fjph; M) mWfjph; ,) mwf;fjph; <) mwk;fjph; [tpil : ,]
4. `,sik ` vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy; ???????.
m) KJik M) g[Jik ,) jdpik <) ,dpik [tpil : m]

bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. tpisepyk; ? cz;ik
2. tpij ? ,d;brhy;
1. tpisepyk;
2. tpij
? ,d;brhy;
? <if g
3. fis ? <if 3. fis
4. cuk;
? td;brhy;
? cz;ik
U
t
4. cuk; ? td;brhy;
FWtpdh
1. mwf;fjph; tpisa vjid vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpwhh;>
 mwf;fjph; tpisa cz;ikia vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh;
k;
TWfpwhh;.
2. ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W mwbewpr; rhuk; vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ>
ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W td;brhy;iy mwbewpr; rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
3
rpWtpdh
1. ,sk;tajpnyna bra;a ntz;oa bray;fshf Kidg;ghoahh; TWtd ahit>
-- ,d;brhy;iy tpis epykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
-- mjpy; <if vd;Dk; gz;ig tpijahff; bfhz;L tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- td;brhy; vd;Dk; fisia ePf;f ntz;Lk;.
-- cz;ikngRjy; vd;Dk; vUtpid ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
-- md;ghfpa ePiug; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.

7
-- mg;nghJ jhd; mwkhfpa fjpiug; gadhfg; bgw Koa[k;.
? 
,sk;tajpy; ,r;bray;fisr; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh;
TWfpd;whh;.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. ,sk; tajpnyna ehk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;oa ew;gz;g[fs; vit vdf; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
 md;g[/ ,d;brhy; ngRjy;/ cz;ik ngRjy;/ fsthik/ g[w=;Twhik/ vspik/
rpf;fdk;/ kdcWjp/ nfhgk; bfhs;shik/ neh;ik Mfpad ,sk; tajpnyna ehk;
fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;oa ew;gz;g[fshff; fUJfpd;nwd;.
 891
198 ` f=;fh `

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. Kidg;ghoahhpd; fhyk; ???????????.
m) fp.gp.5 M) fp.gp.13 ,) fp.gp.10 <) fp.gp.12 [tpil : M]
2. mwbewpr; rhuk; ????????? ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
m) 225 M) 223 ,) 252 <) 525 [tpil : m]

3. ,sk; tajpnyna tpijf;f ntz;oa gz;g[???????????.

m) ,dpabrhy; M) <if
,) td;brhy; <) cz;ikngRjy; [tpil : M]

4. ,sikapy; gha;r;r ntz;oa ePh; ??????????.

m) md;g[ M) <if
,) td;brhy; <) cz;ikngRjy; [tpil : m]

j 5. tpj;J vd;gjd; bghUs; ????????????.

m) fis M) bgw ,) epyk; <) tpij [tpil : <]

kp FWtpdh

H; 1. Kidg;ghoahh; ?Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

-- Kidg;ghoahh; jpUKidg;gho vd;Dk; Ciur; nrh;e;j rkzg;g[yth;.
-- fhyk; : fp.gp13 Mk; E}w;whz;L.
-- gilg;g[ : mwbewpr;rhuk;
2. mwbewpr;rhuk; ?Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- Kidg;ghoahh; ,aw;wpa E}y; : mwbewpr;rhuk;
-- 225 ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
-- mwbewpfisj; bjhFj;Jf; TWtjhy; ,e;E}y; mwbewpr; rhuk; vdg;bgah;bgw;wJ.
3. vjid tpisepykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpd;whh;>

7  ,dpa brhy;iy tpisepykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh;

TWfpd;whh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. gpwUld; ngRk; nghJ eP=;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;brhw;fisj; bjhFj;Jf; TWf.

 thH;f tsKld;/ tzf;fk;/ eykh/ md;g[ilatnu/ rnfhjunu/ ed;W/ mUik/
,dpik/ ghuhl;L/ thH;j;Jfs;/ btw;wp cknj/ Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk; Mfpad
gpwUld; ngRk; nghJ ehd; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;brhw;fs;.
 ` f=;fh ` 199

2. cd; md;id gad;gLj;jpa ,d;brhy;yhy; eP kfpH;e;j epfH;t[ xd;iwf; TWf.

 xU Kiw ehd; njh;tpy; njhy;tp mile;J tpl;nld;. vd; ez;gh;fs;/ mg;gh/
Mrphpah; vdg; gyUk; vd;idj; jpl;odhh;fs;. Mdhy; vd; md;id kl;Lk;/ njhy;tpna
btw;wpapd; Kjy; go. ,g;nghJ eP bgw;wpUg;gJ njhy;tpad;W/ btw;wpapd; Kjy; go
ftiyg;glhnj vd;whh;. mt;tpdpikr; brhy; vd;id Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ.

vav

,ay;
xg;g[ut[ bewp
g
2 ciueil
cyfk; U
ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh t
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. k;
3
1. xUtu; vy;yhUf;fhft[k; vy;yhUk; xUtUf;fhf vd;gJ ???????? bewp.
m) jdpa[lik M) bghJt[lik
,) bghUSilik <) xGf;fKilik [tpil : M]

2. bry;tj;jpd; gad; ???????? thH;t[.

m) Mlk;gu M) ePz;l ,) xg;g[ut[ <) nehaw;w [tpil : ,]
3. tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ???????? vd;Wk; TWtu;.
m) kUe;J M) kUj;Jtu; ,) kUj;Jtkid <) khj;jpiu [tpil : m]
4. cyfk; cz;z cz;" cLj;j cLg;gha; vd;W Twpatu; ????????
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) Koaurd;
<) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : M]
vjpu;r;brhw;fisg; bghUj;Jf.

tpdh
1. vspJ
2. <jy;
? g[utyu;
? mupJ
tpil
1. vspJ
2. <jy;
? mupJ
? Vw;wy;
7
3. me;epau; ? Vw;wy; 3. me;epau; ? cwtpdu;
4. ,utyu; ? cwtpdu; 4. ,utyu; ? g[utyu;
 002
200 ` f=;fh `

bjhlu;fspy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. Fwpf;nfhs; ?????????????????
tpil: thH;f;if Fwpf;nfhs; cilaJ.
2. flikfs;??????????????????????
tpil: xU Fokfdhf ek; ehl;ow;F ehk; bra;a ntz;oa flikfs; Vuhsk;.
3. thH;ehs; ???????????????????????
tpil: thH;ehs; KGtJk; bjhz;L bra;jth; Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;
4. rpe;jpj;J ??????????????????????
tpil: xU bray; bra;tjw;F Kd; ed;whfr; rpe;jpj;J bray;gl ntz;Lk;.
FW tpdh
1. bghUsPl;Ltij tplt[k; bgupa bray; vJ>
 bghUsPl;Ltijtplg; bgupa fhupak; mij Kiwahf mDgtpg;gJk; bfhLj;J
kfpH;tJk; MFk;.
2. bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fkhff; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWtJ ahJ>
j  kw;wtu;fSf;F tH=;fp kfpH;tpj;J kfpH/ thH;tpj;J thHg; bghUs; njit vd;gnj

kp bghUsPl;lYf;fhd nehf;fkhFk;.
rpW tpdh
H; 1. xg;g[ut[f;F mofshu; jUk; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
-- x
 Utu; bra;a[k; brayhdJ mJ jUk; gaidtpl/ bra;gtupd; kdg;gh=;F/
czu;t[ Mfpatw;wpd; mog;gilapnyna kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
-- j
 uj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. xUtUf;bfhUtu; cjtp bra;J bfhs;Sjy; kl;Lk;
nghjhJ/ cjtp bra;jy; vjw;fhf> jw;fhg;g[f;fhft[k; ,yhgj;jpw;fhft[k; Tl
cjtp bra;ayhnk-
-- brhy;yg;nghdhy; ,j;jifa cjtpfs; xUtifapy; thzpfk; nghyj;jhd;.
-- m
 nj cjtpiaf; fl;Lg;ghl;L czu;t[ld;/ cjtp bgWgtiu cwt[g;gh=;fpy;

7
vz;zp/ cupik cilatuhf epide;J/ cjtpbra;jtjw;Fg; gjpy; mtnu
vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cupikia tH=;Fjy; xg;g[ut[ MFk;.
2. 
CUzpiaa[k; kuj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;fhl;of; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWk; bra;jpfs;
ahit>
-- C
 Uzp/ njitg;gLnthu; midtUk; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; Fog;gjw;F cupik
cilaJ/ mijj; jLg;ghu; ahUkpy;iy.
-- C
 Uzpj;jz;zPu; vLj;J mDgtpf;fg;gLtJ. gGj;j gad;kuj;jpd; fdpfis
midtUk; vLj;J mDgtpf;fyhk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 201

-- gad;kuk; gH=;fisj; jUtJ cupik vy;iyfisf; ftdj;jpy; bfhz;ly;y.

-- k
 Ue;Jkuk; cjtp bra;jypy; jd;id kwe;j epiyapyhd gad;ghl;L epiy
xd;nw fhzg;bgWfpwJ.
-- n
 eha[ilahu; vy;yhUk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. xg;g[uit tpsf;fg; gad;gLj;jpa[s;s
,e;j ctikfs; ,d;Wk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
rpe;jid tpdh
xg;g[ut[f;Fk; cjtpbra;jYf;Fk; ntWghL ahJ>
 cjtp bgWgtiu cwt[g;gh=;fpy; vz;zp/ cupik cilatuhf epidj;J/ cjtp
bra;jtjw;Fg; gjpy; mtnu vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cupikia tH=;Fjy; xg;g[ut[.
g
,y;iy vd;W nfl;nghUf;F ehnk mtUf;Fj; njitahdijf; bfhLg;gJ cjtp U
t
bra;jy;. xg;g[utpy; bgWgth; cwtpdh;. cjtp bra;jypy; bgWgth; ViHfs;
midtUk;.
TLjy; tpdh
k;
3
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. xg;g[ut[ bewpia mwpKfk; bra;tJ ??????????.
m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) g[wehD}W <) gHbkhHp [tpil : m]
2. bry;tj;jg; gand <jy; ? vd;W TWk; TWk; ??????????.
m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W
,) mfehD}W
<) gjpw;Wg;gj;J [tpil : M]

3. 
njitg;gLnthu; midtUk; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; Fog;gjw;F cupik cilaJ
??????????.
m) CUzp M) gad;kuk; ,) kUe;J kuk; <) xg;g[ut[ [tpil : m]
4. CUzp/ gad;kuk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; E}y ??????????.
m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W

7
,) mfehD}W
<) gjpw;Wg;gj;J [tpil : m]

5. thH;f;ifapd; fUtp ??????????.

m) xg;g[ut[ M) bghUs; ,) tWik <) kUe;J [tpil : M]

6. CUzpia mfH;e;jtd; ??????????.

m) jpUts;Sth; M) mg;guofs; ,) kdpjd; <) ts;sy; [tpil : ,]
7. bry;tj;Jg; gad; ?????????? thH;f;if.
m) xg;g[ut[ M) bghUs; ,) tWik <) kUe;J [tpil : m]
 202
202 ` f=;fh `

FWtpdh
1. kdpjh;fs; jk; gilg;ghw;wy; bfhz;L gilj;jitahf Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; TWtd
ahit>
 CUzp  gad;kuk;  kUe;J kuk;
2. vtw;iw kdpj thH;f;ifapy; eilbgWk; nghuhl;lk; vd;W Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;
TWfpd;whh;>
 bghUs; <l;ly;/ nrh;j;jy;/ ghJfhj;jy; kdpj thH;tpy; eilbgWk; xU gzp
,y;iy xU nghuhl;lk; vd;fpd;whh; Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;.
3. xg;g[ut[ bewp vd;why; vd;d>
 mwbewpapy; bghUs; <l;oj; jhKk; thH;eJ
; gpwiua[k; thH itg;gnj xg;gu[ t[ bewp MFk;.
4. Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
 ehad;khh; mor;Rtl;oy;  Fwl;bry;tk;  Mya=;fs; rKjha ika=;fs;
5. Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; elj;jpa ,jH;fs; ahit>
 mUnshir  mwpf mwptpay;

j
rpWtpdh
1. CUzp / gad;kuk; gw;wp ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLk; Fwl;ghf;fs; vit>

kp ~~CUzp ePh;epiwe;J mw;nw cyfthk;

nguwp thsd; jpU.~~
H; ``gad;kuk; cs;Ah;g; gGj;jw;why; bry;tk;
eaDil ahd;fz; god;.~~
? Mfpad CUzp/ gad;kuk; gw;wp ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLk; Fwl;ghf;fs; MFk;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;

gpwUf;fhf ciHj;Jg; g[fH;bgw;w rhd;nwhu;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; jpul;o te;J

tFg;giwapy; gfpu;f.
-- ghhp/ jpUKof;fhhp/ ty;tpy; Xhp/ Ma; mz;oud;/ ngfd;/ es;sp/ mjpakhd;

7
beLkhd+;rp Mfpa fil vGts;sy;fs; gpwUf;fhnt jk;thH;ehs; KGJk;
thH;e;jth;fs;.
-- rPjf;fhjp ViHfSf;fhfnt thH;e;jth;.
-- fhe;jpaofs; ek; ehl;L kf;fSf;fhnt thH;e;jth;.
-- mk;ngj;fh;/ bghpahh;/ mnahj;jpjhrg; gz;ojh; jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; eyDf;fhfnt
thHe;jth;.
-- md;id bju!h bjhGnehahspfs; kw;Wk; Mjutw;nwhUf;fhfnt thH;e;jth;.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 203

,ay;
cz;ik xsp
2 tphpthdk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

`cz;ik xsp~ glf;fijiaf; fijahfr; RUf;fp vGJf.

Kd;Diu :
 rPdh kw;Wk; $g;ghd; Mfpa ehLfspy; thH;e;J te;j Jwtpfs; b$d; Jwtpfs;.
mth;fspd; rpe;jidf; fijna b$d; fijfs;. mf;fijfSs; xd;W `cz;ik xsp.~
g
FUt[k; rPlh;fSk; : U
 b$d; FUtplk; rpyh; ghlf; fw;Wf; bfhz;L ,Ue;jdh;. xU ehs; cz;ik xsp vJ>
vd;gijg; gw;wpg; ghlk; brhy;ypf; bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. grp/ jhfk;/ J}f;fk; Mfpait t
midj;J caph;fSf;Fk; xd;nw. ,ut[ gfy; nghy ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; khwp khwp
tUk; vd;W FU brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhh;. gpwF rPlh;fsplk;/ ~`,Us; fiye;J btspr;rk;
te;Jtpl;lJ~~ vd;W vg;go mwptPh;fs;> vd;whh;.
k;
cz;ik xsp :
 mjw;F rPld; xUtd;/ ``bjhiytpy; bjhptJ Fjpiuah> fGijah> vd;gijf;
fhzf;Toa mst[ btspr;rk; ehd; mwpntd;~~ vd;whd;.kw;bwhUtd;/ ``bjhiytpy;
bjhptJ Mykukh> murkukh> vd;gijf; fhzf;Toa neuj;jpy; cz;ikahf
3
tpoe;jij ehd; mwpntd;~~ vd;whd;. ,it vy;yhk; jtW vd;whh; FU. xU kdpjiuf;
fhQk; nghJ vd; cld; gpwe;jth; vd;W vg;nghJ czh;fpwPh;fnsh/ mg;nghJ jhd;
cz;ikahd xsp c=;fSf;Fs; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gJ bghUs; vd;whh; FU.
FUit Vkhw;wpa jpUld; :
 xU ehs; FU Fjpiuapy; mUfpy; cs;s rpw;W}Uf;Fg; g[wg;gl;Lr; bry;fpd;whh;.
rhiynahuj;jpy. xUtd; ka=;fpf; fple;jhd;. FU mtdplk; jz;zPh; bfhLj;J~
eP ahh;>~ vd;W nfl;f/ mtd; `gf;fj;J Ch; bry;y ntz;Lk;. grpahy; ka=;fp
tpGe;Jtpl;nld;.~ vd;whd;. FU ,uf;fk; bfhz;L mtid Fjpiu kPJ mkur;bra;jhh;.

7
Fjpiuia moj;J mtd; ntfkhfr; brd;W tpl;lhd;. mtd; jpUld; vd;gija[k; /
jhd; Vkhw;wg;gl;lija[k; mwpe;jhh;.
jpUlDf;F mwpt[iu :
 Fjpiu th=;f FU Fjpiur; re;ijf;Fr; brd;whh;. m=;F me;jj; jpUld; Fjpiuia
tpw;Wf; bfhz;oUe;jhh;. FU ahhplKk; vija[k; brhy;yhnj- vd;whh;. mjw;F jpUld;/
,th; Vkhe;jJ ahUf;fhtJ bjhpe;jhy; mtkhdk; vd;W epidf;fpd;whnuh> vd;W
kdjpy;epidj;jhd;. mjw;F FU/ ehd; Vkhe;J nghdJ bjhpe;jhy; cz;ikapy;
rhiyapy; kaf;fk; mile;J ahh; fple;jhYk; mtUf;F ahUk; cjt khl;lh;fs;
vd;whh;.FUtpd; bgUikia epidj;J jiyFdpe;jhd; jpUld;.
 402
204 ` f=;fh `

Kot[iu :
 xUtiu Vkhw;WtJ kw;wth;fSf;Fr; bra;a[k; cjtpiaf;Tl jLf;Fk; vd;gij
,f;fij @yk; mwpaKofpd;wJ.

fw;git fw;wgpd;

1. b$d; fijfspy; ntW rpytw;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.

kd epiwt[
 Xh; Chpy; bry;td; xUtd; thH;e;J te;jhd;. mtdplk; mst[f;fjpfkhfr; bry;tk;
,Ue;jJ. ntiyahl;fs; epiwa ngh; ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; mtdhy; kdk; epiwt[ld; thH
Koatpy;iy. xU ehs; me;j CUf;F b$d; Jwtp xUth; te;jhh;. mthplk; bry;te;jd;
jdf;F kdepiwt[f;F tHp brhy; ntz;odhd;. Jwtp @d;W fy;iyr; bry;te;jidj;
J}f;fj; bra;J kiy kPJ mtdhy; VwKoatpy;iy. kpft[k; fdkhf cs;sJ /vd;dhy;
J}f;f Koatpy;iy vd;whd;. Jwtp xUfy;iyj; J}f;fpg; nghlr; brhd;dhh;. ,nj
nghynt xt;bthU Kiwa[k; Tw xt;bthU fy;yha; J}f;fpg; nghlr; brhd;dhh;.

j ,Wjpapy; Jwtp ,g;nghJ ghuk; Fiwe;jjh> vd;whh;. bry;te;jUk; /Mk;- vd;whh;.

cd;dplk; cs;s mstpy;yhj bry;tk;jhd; ghuk;. mjid ViHfSf;F bfhLj;Jtpl

kp ghuk; Fiwe;J cd;kdk; epiwtila[k; vd;whh;. mtDk; mg;gona bra;J kd

epiwt[ mile;njd;.

H; vav
tpLfijfs; ? tpilfs;

1 . Crp 2. Ks; 3. Nhpad; 4. mfg;ig 5. thiH 6. el;rj;jpuk;

7. thdk; 8. mzpy; 9. bjhlh;tz;o 10. kpsfha; 11. kiH 12. ej;ij
13. fofhuk; 14. Crp 15. kpUj=;fk; 16. tisay; 17. kuk; 18. jz;zPh;
19. kiH 20. bgl;nuhy; 21. vWk;g[fs; 22. tpah;it 23. cg;g[ 24. Fsph;

7
25. Fil 26. epyh 27. k+;rs; 28. rPg;g[ 29. ehf;F 30. nj=;fha;
31. jiyKo 32. thiHg;g{ 33. ,iy 34. fUk;g[ 35. njd;TL 36. kpd;rhuk;
37. kpsfha; 38. ifj;jo

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 205

,ay;
mzp ,yf;fzk;
2 fw;fz;L

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

FWtpdh:

g
1. cUtf mzpia tpsf;Ff.
 ctik ntW/ ctkpf;fg;gLk; bghUs; ntW vd;wpy;yhky; ,uz;Lk; xd;nw
vd;gJ njhd;Wk;go TWtJ cUtf mzpahFk;.
rhd;W : ``itafk; jfHpahf thh;fly; bea;ahf~~ U
 g{kp mfy; tpsf;fhft[k; / fly; bea;ahft[k; cUtfg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sjhy;/ cUtf
mzp Mapw;W.
t
2. cUtf mzpf;Fk; Vfnjr cUtf mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
cUtf mzp Vfnjr cUtf mzp
k;
,U bghUs;fSf;Fk; cUtfg;
gLj;jJjy;.
,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp
kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky; tUtJ. 3
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

1. xU bghUis tpsf;f kw;bwhU bghUis ctikahff; TWtJ ?????????.
m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp
,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp <) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp [tpil : m]
2. ``itafk; jfHpahf thh;fly; bea;ahf~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ghlypy; ,lk;bgWk; mzp
?????????.
m) ctik mzp
,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp
M) cUtf mzp
<) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp [tpil : M]
3. ,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky; tUtJ
7
?????????.
m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp
,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp <) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp [tpil : ,]
 602
206 ` f=;fh `

FWtpdh
1. ctik/ cUtfk; ? tpsf;Ff.
ctik cUtfk;
`njd; nghd;w jkpH;~ vd;W TWtJ `jkpH;j;njd;~ vd;W TWtJ cUtfk;.
ctik MFk;.
2. Vfnjr cUtf mzp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 ,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky;
tUtJ/ Vfnjr cUtf mzp MFk;.
rhd;W : bgUikf;Fk; Vidr; rpWikf;Fk; jj;jk;
fUnk fl;lisf; fy;. ? jpUf;Fws;

fw;git fw;wgpd;

ctikj;bjhlh;fis vGjp mtw;iw cUtf=;fshf khw;Wf.

j ctik
kyh; nghd;w Kfk;
cUtfk;
Kfkyh;
ctik
fay; nghd;w tpHp
cUtfk;
tpHpf;fay;
kp Kj;Jg; nghd;w gy; gy;Kj;J gtsk; nghy tha; tha;g;gtsk;

H; g{ nghd;w tpuy;
kjp nghd;w Kfk;
Fapy; nghd;w Fuy;
tpuw;g{
Kfkjp
Fuy; Fapy;
njd; nghd;w jkpH;
mKjk; nghd;w jkpH;
bfht;it nghy; ,jH;
jkpH;j;njd;
jkpHKjk;
,jH;f;bfht;it

bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
ngRf.
ePjpf; fij xd;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; ngRf.
 Xh; Chpy; bry;td; xUtd; thH;e;J te;jhd;. mtdplk; mst[f;fjpfkhfr; bry;tk;
,Ue;jJ. ntiyahl;fs; epiwa ngh; ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; mtdhy; kdk; epiwt[ld;
thH Koatpy;iy. xU ehs; me;j CUf;F b$d; Jwtp xUth; te;jhh;. mthplk;

7 bry;te;jd; jdf;F kdepiwt[f;F tHp brhy; ntz;odhd;. Jwtp @d;W fy;iyr;

bry;te;jidj; J}f;fj; bra;J kiy kPJ mtdhy; VwKoatpy;iy. kpft[k; fdkhf
cs;sJ /vd;dhy; J}f;f Koatpy;iy vd;whd;. Jwtp xUfy;iyj; J}f;fpg; nghlr;
brhd;dhh;. ,nj nghynt xt;bthU Kiwa[k; Tw xt;bthU fy;yha; J}f;fpg; nghlr;
brhd;dhh;. ,Wjpapy; Jwtp ,g;nghJ ghuk; Fiwe;jjh> vd;whh;. bry;te;jUk;/ Mk;-
vd;whh;. cd;dplk; cs;s mstpy;yhj bry;tk; jhd; ghuk;. mjid ViHfSf;F
bfhLj;Jtpl ghuk; Fiwe;J cd;kdk; epiwtila[k; vd;whh;. mtDk; mg;gona
bra;J kd epiwt[ mile;njd;.
 ` f=;fh ` 207

brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.

1. bgha;ifahH;thh; jpUbtBfh vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.
2. ,dpa brhy;iyna tpisepykhff; bfhs;sntz;Lk;.
3. thH;f;if Fwpf;nfhs; cilaJ.
4. bry;tj;Jg; gad; xg;g[ut[ thH;f;if.
5. ctika[k; ctnkaKk; xd;whf miktJ cUtf mzp.
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;.
 VnjDk; xd;iw mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLtJ tpdhthFk; tpdh nfl;fg;
g
gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fs; tpdhr;brhw;fs; vdg;gLk;.
U
t
 `vJ/ vd;d/ v=;F/ vg;go/ vj;jid/ vg;bghGJ/ vtw;iw/ vjw;F/ Vd;/ ahh;/ ahJ/
ahit nghd;wd tpdhr; brhw;fs; MFk;.
rhpahd tpdhr;brhy;iy ,l;L epug;g[f.
1. bey;iyag;gh; nfhtpy; ????????? cs;sJ> tpil : v=;F
k;
2.

3.
Kjy; MH;thh;fs; ????????? ngh;>

????????? brhw;fisg; ngr ntz;Lk;>

tpil : @d;W

tpil : vg;gog;gl;l
3
4. mwbewpr; rhuk; ghliy ?????????> tpil : ahh;

5. mwbewpr; rhuk; vd;gjd; bghUs; ?????????> tpil : ahJ

gpd;tUk; bjhliug; goj;J tpdhf;fs; vGJf.

g{=;bfho jd; njhHpa[ld; jp=;fl;fpHik fhiyapy; ngUe;jpy; Vwpg; gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;.
(v.fh.) g{=;bfho gs;spf;F vg;gor; brd;whs;>
1. g{=;bfho ahUld; gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;>
2. g{=;bfhovg;bghGJ gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;>
3. g{=;bfho njhHpa[ld; v=;F brd;whs;>

jiyg;g[r;brhw;fis KG brhw;bwhlh;fshf vGJf.

( v.fh) jiyg;g[r;bra;jp : jkpHfj;jpy; tlfpHf;Fg; gUt kiH bjhlf;fk; ? thdpiy
7
ikak; mwptpg;g[.
tpil : jkpHfj;jpy; tlfpHf;Fg; gUt kiH bjhl=;fp cs;sJ vd;W thdpiy ikak;
mwptpj;Js;sJ.
 802
208 ` f=;fh `

1. rhiyapy; fple;j gzj;ij chpathplk; xg;gilj;j khztd; ? khtl;l Ml;rpah;

ghuhl;L.
rhiyapy; fple;j gzj;ij chpathplk; xg;gilj;j khztid khtl;l Ml;rpah;
ghuhl;odhh;.
2. jKf;fk; ikjhdj;jpy; g[j;jff; fz;fhl;rp bjhlf;fk; ? kf;fs; Mh;tj;Jld; tUif.
jKf;fk; ikjhdj;jpy; g[j;jff; fz;fhl;rp bjhlf;fpaij mLj;J/ mijf; fhz kf;fs;
Mh;tj;Jld; tUif je;jdh;.
3. njrpa mstpyhd ifg;ge;Jg; nghl;o ? jkpHf mzp btw;wp.
njrpa mstpyhd ifg;ge;Jg; nghl;oapy; jkpHf mzp btw;wp bgw;Ws;sJ.
4. khtl;l mstpyhd mwptpay; fz;fhl;rp ? VHhk; tFg;g[ khztp Kjyplk;.
khtl;l mstpyhd mwptpay; fz;fhl;rpapy; VHhk; tFg;g[ khztp Kjyplk; bgw;Ws;shh;.
5. khepy mstpyhd ngr;Rg; nghl;o ? brd;idapy; ,d;W bjhlf;fk;.
khepy mstpyhd ngr;Rg; nghl;oahdJ brd;idapy; ,d;W bjhl=;f cs;sJ.

j
fl;Liu vGJf.
xw;Wikna cah;t[

kp Kd;Diu

H;
 jdp kuk; njhg;ghfhJ. mJnghy jdpj;jpUe;jhy; btw;wp fpilf;fhJ. xw;Wikahf
,Ue;jhy; kl;Lnk cah;t[ fpilf;Fk;.
rhd;nwhh; bghd;bkhHp
 `xd;nw Fyk; xUtnd njtd;~ vd;whh; jpU@yh; . `gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk;~
vd;whh; jpUts;Sth;. `xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L thH;t[~ vd;whh; ghujpahh;. ,g;gog;gl;l
rhd;nwhhpd; bghd;bkhHpfs; xw;Wikahf thH ntz;Lk; vd;gij typa[Wj;Jfpd;wJ.
xw;Wikapd; cah;t[
 tPl;oy; cs;s midtUk; xw;Wikahf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;jf; FLk;gk; cah;tila[k;.
me;jf; FLk;gk; cah;e;jhy;/ me;j Ch; caUk; / me;j Ch; cah;e;jhy; me;j efunk caUk;.

7
xw;Wikahy; me;j efuk; cah;e;jhy; ek; ehnl caUk;. ek; kf;fs; fhe;jpaofSld;
xw;Wikahfr; bray;gl;ljhy; jhd; ekf;F tpLjiya[k; fpilj;jJ.
xw;Wikapd; tpist[
 g[ay;/ Rdhkp/ bts;sg; bgUf;F/ g{fk;gk; nghd;w ,aw;ifr; rPw;w=;fs; Vw;gLk;
nghJ vy;yhk; gy r@f nrit mikg;g[fs; xd;W To xw;Wika[ld; Xnlho
kf;fisf; fhg;gw;wpdh;. mJkl;Lk; my;yhJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F epthuzg;
bghUl;fisa[k; tH=;fp/ ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; thH;tpl=;fis kPz;Lk;
fl;likj;Jf; bfhLj;jdh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 209

xUika[zh;t[
 my;yh/ ,naR/ rptd; Mfpa Kk;kjf; flt[s;fSk; @d;bwGj;jpy; xd;Wgl;L
epw;gijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ ehk; midtUk; xd;Wgl;L kjey;ypzf;fj;njhL
thHntz;Lk; vd;gij ehk; g[hpe;J bfhs;sntz;Lk;.
Kot[iu
 kjk;/ rhjp/ ,dk; Mfpa ntWghL ,d;wp kf;fs; midtUk; xw;Wikahf
thH ntz;Lk;. mg;bghGJ jhd; ehl;oy; xw;Wik epyt[k; vd;gij mwpe;J
bray;gLnthk;.

bkhHpnahL tpisahL
g
fPH;f;fhQk; gl=;fs; rhh;e;j brhw;fis vGJf. U
glk; ? 1 t
(v.fh) fUk;gyif/ tFg;giw/ ghlg; g[j;jfk;/ khzth;fs;/
khztpfs;/ Mrphpah;fs;. k;
3
glk; ? 2
(v.fh.) kuk;/ eilghij/ C+;ry;/ rUf;F kuk;/ brofs;.
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fisg; bgah;r;brhy;yhft[k; tpidr;brhy;yhft[k;
bjhlh;fs; cUthf;Ff. (tpij / fl;L/ go / epyt[ / ehL / ML)
(v.fh.) tpij ?1. tpij bey; th=;fpdhd;. 2. nrhsk; tpijj;jhd;.
fl;L ? 1. fl;Lr;nrhW cz;lhd;. 2. tPL fl;odhd;.
go ? 1. gof;fl;oy; mkh;e;jhd;. 2. E}iyg; goj;jjhd;.
epyt[ ? 1. epyitg; ghh;j;jhd;. 2. fLk; btg;gk; epyt[fpwJ.
ehL ? 1. ehl;il nerp. 2. E}yfj;ij ehodhd;.
ML ? 1. ML g[y; jpd;Dk;. 2. ehl;oak; Modhs;.

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf..

fiyr; brhy; mwpnthk;

Fwpf;nfhs;
yl;rpak;
? Objective bry;tk; ? Wealth
? Ambition bghJt[ilik ? Communism
7
flik ? Responsibility mayth; ? Neighbour
tWik ? Poverty xg;g[ut[ bewp ? Recipropcity
ew;gz;g[ ? Courtesy
vav
 012
210 ` f=;fh `

,ay;
jpUf;Fws;
2 thH;tpay;

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s;
ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
cWgrpa[k; Xthg; gpzpa[k; brWgifa[k;
nruhJ ,ay;tJ ehL.
gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;g[xt;th
bra;bjhHpy; ntw;Wik ahd;.
E}y; : jpUf;Fws;
Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;

j
kp Mrphpah;
fhyk;
: jpUts;Sth;
: 2000 Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lth;
H; ntWbgah;fs; : bre;ehg;nghjhh;/ bgha;apy;gy
[ th;/ Kjw;ghtyh;.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
tpid ? bray; gpzp ? neha;
Xth ? Xahj khl;rp ? rpwg;g[

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;f.

7 1. ????????? xU ehl;od; muzd;W.

m) fhL
,) kiy
M) tay;
<) bjspe;j ePh; [tpil : M]

2. kf;fs; midtUk; ????????? xj;j ,ay;g[ilath;fs;.

m) gpwg;ghy; M) epwj;jhy;
,) Fzj;jhy;
<) gzj;jhy;  [tpil : m]
 ` f=;fh ` 211

3. `ehbld;g~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????.

m) ehd; + vd;g M) eh + bld;gJ
,) ehL + vd;g <) ehL + nld;g [tpil : ,]
4. fz; + ,y;yJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy ?????????.
m) fzp,y;yJ M) fzpy;yJ
,) fz;zpy;yhJ
<) fz;zpy;yJ [tpil : <]
gpd;tUk; Fwl;ghf;fspy; ctikazp gapd;W tUk; Fwisj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;g[xt;th
bra;bjhHpy; ntw;Wik ahd;.
g
2. tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s; U
ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
3. fw;whh;Kd; fw;w bryr;brhy;ypj; jhk; fw;w t
kpf;fhUs; kpf;f bfhsy;.
tpil : 2. tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s;
k;
3
ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
FW tpdh
1. xU braiyr; bra;a vtw;iwbay;yhk; Muha ntz;Lk;>
 bghUs;/ fUtp/ fhyk;/ braypd; jd;ik/ chpa ,lk; Mfpa Ie;Jk; Muha;e;J
mwpe;J xU braiyr; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
2. xU ehl;Lf;F vitbay;yhk; muz;fshf mika[k;>
 bjspe;j ePh;  epyk;  kiy  epHy; cila fhL
? Mfpa ehd;Fk; xU ehl;ow;F muz;fs; MFk;.
3. rpwe;j ehl;od; ,ay;g[fshf ts;Sth; TWtd ahit>
 kpf;f grp/ Xahj neha[k;/ mHpt[ bra;a[k; gif nruhky; ey;ytifapy; eilbgWtnj
ehL MFk;.bghpa mstpy; Kaw;rp ,y;yhky; tsk; jUk; ehnl rpwe;j ehL.
gl=;fSf;F bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
7
kzpePUk; kz;Qk; kiya[k; mzpepHy;
fhLk; cilaJ muz;.
 212
212 ` f=;fh `

cWgrpa[k ; xthg; gpzpa[k ; brWgifa[k;

nruhJ ,ay;tJ ehL.

TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

1. xU braiyr; bra;a[k; nghJ kw;bwhU braiyr; bra;tjw;F ts;Sth; Twpa ctik

j m) ahid M) g[yp ,) khd; <) bfhf;F [tpil : m]

kp 2. gpzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????????.

m) cyfk; M) neha; ,) bray; <) fhyk; [tpil : M]

H; 3. gpwg;bghf;Fk; ??????????? caph;f;Fk;.

m) vy;yh M) midj;J ,) kf;fs; <) ,ay;g[ [tpil : m]

FW tpdh:
1. braiy vg;gor; bra;a ntz;Lk;>
 xU ahid bfhz;L kw;bwhU ahidiag; gpog;gh;. mJnghy xU braiyr;
bra;a[k; nghJ mr;brayhy; kw;bwhU braiyr; bra;J Kof;f ntz;Lk;.
2. fw;wtUs; kpft[k; fw;wtuhf kjpf;fg;gLgth; ahh;>

7
 jhk; fw;wtw;iwf; fw;wth; Kd; bjspthfr; brhy;gtnu fw;wtUs; kpft[k; fw;wtuhf
kjpf;fg;gLgth; Mth;.
3. vit rpwg;gpay;g[fshy; xj;jpUg;gjpy;iy>
 gpwg;ghy; kf;fs; midtUk; rkk;/ Mdhy; mtuth; bra;a[k; ed;ik/ jPikahfpar;
bray;fshy; ,th;fsJ rpwg;gpay;g[fs; xj;jpUg;gjpy;iy.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 213

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; gUtk; ? 3
,ay; ? ,uz;L
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 3x1=3

1. ``,lh; MHp eP=;Ffnt ~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; ??????????.
m) Jd;gk; M) kfpH;r;rp ,) Mh;tk; <) ,d;gk;
g
2. `,d;brhy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ??????????. U
m) ,dpa + brhy;
,) ,dpik + brhy;
M) ,d;ik + brhy;
<) ,d; + brhy;
t
3. tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ???????? vd;Wk; TWtu;. k;
3
m) kUe;J M) kUj;Jtu; ,) kUj;Jtkid <) khj;jpiu
II. bghUj;Jf. 4x1=4
4. md;g[ ? bea;
5. Mh;tk; ? jfsp
6. rpe;ij ? tpsf;F
7. +hdk; ? ,Ljphp
III. FWtpil jUf. 2x2=4
8. bgha;ifahH;thUk; g{jj;jhH;thUk; mfy;tpsf;fhf vtw;iw
cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;>
9. ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W mwbewpr; rhuk; vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ>
IV. rpW tpil jUf. 2x3=6
10. g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
11. CUzpiaa[k; kuj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;fhl;of; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWk; bra;jpfs;

V.
ahit>
mogpwHhky; vGJf. 3x1=3
7
12. itak; .... vdj; bjhl=;Fk; bgha;if MH;thh; ghly;.

vav
 412
214 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
kiyg;bghHpt[
3 ngiH

kdg;ghlg; ghly;
tha[k; tapWk; Mirapy; tpGe;jhy;
thH;f;if ghiytdk; ? mth;
J}a kdj;jpy; thH epidj;jhy;
vy;yhk; nrhiytdk;-
jika[k; thl;og; gpwiua[k; thl;Lk;
rz;il rr;rut[ ? jpdk;
jd;dhL vd;Wk; gpwh;ehL vd;Wk;
ngRk; bgha;a[wt[-
,ikf;Fk; nghjpy; Mapuk; nghl;o

j vj;jid tPz;fdt[ ? jpdk;

,it ,y;yhJ mikjpfs; bra;jhy;

kp ,jak; kiyast[-
E}y; : ,naR fhtpak;
H; Mrphpah; : fz;zjhrd;

fz;zjhrd;:
,aw;bgah; : Kj;ijah
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ftpauR
gzp : Vuhskhd jpiug;gl=;fSf;Fg; ghly;fis
vGjpa[s;shh;.
jkpHf muritf; ftp+uhft[k; ,Ue;Js;shh;.
gilg;g[fs; : Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp/ Fkhpf; fhz;lk;/

7
nrukhd; fhjyp/ kh=;fdp/ ijg;ghit/
,naR fhtpak; Kjypad.

brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
rhe;jk; ? mikjp kfj;Jtk; ? rpwg;g[
ngj=;fs; ? ntWghLfs; jhuzp ? cyfk;
,uf;fk; ? fUiz jj;Jtk; ? cz;ik
 ` f=;fh ` 215

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. kdpj thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ ????????????.
m) gzk; M) bghWik ,) g[fH; <) tPL [tpil : M]

2. rhe;j Fzk; cilath;fs; ???????????? KGtija[k; bgWth;.

[tpil : ,]
g
m) g[j;jfk; M) bry;tk; ,) cyfk; <) Jd;gk;
3. `kiyast[~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.
m) kiy + ast[ M) kiy + mst[
[tpil : M]
U
,) kiyapd; + mst[ <) kiyapy; + mst[
4. `jd;dhL~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????. t
m) jd; + dhL
,) jd; + ehL
M) jd;ik + ehL
<) jd;ik + ehL [tpil : ,]
k;
5. ,it + ,y;yhJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.
m) ,itapy;yhJ
,) ,tapy;yhJ
M) ,it,y;yhJ
<) ,t,y;yhJ [tpil : m]
3
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. rhe;jk; ? rpwg;g[ 1. rhe;jk; ? mikjp
2. kfj;Jtk; ? cyfk; 2. kfj;Jtk; ? rpwg;g[
3. jhuzp ? fUiz 3. jhuzp ? cyfk;
4. ,uf;fk; ? mikjp 4. ,uf;fk; ? fUiz

FW tpdh
1. ,e;j cyfk; ahUf;F chpaJ>
rhe;jk; vd;w mikjpahd gz;g[ bfhz;lth;fSf;nf ,e;j cyfk; chpaJ.
2. cyfk; epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; ahJ>
7
rhjpfSk; fUj;J ntWghLfSk; cyfk; epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; MFk;.
3. thH;f;if ky;h;r;nrhiyahf khw vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>
thH;f;if ky;h;r;nrhiyahf khw ey;y cs;sj;njhL thH ntz;Lk;.
 612
216 ` f=;fh `

rpWtpdh
rhe;jk; gw;wp ,naR fhtpak; TWtd ahit>
-- 
rhe;jk; vd;w mikjpahd gz;g[ bfhz;lth;fSf;nf ,e;j cyfk; chpaJ.
mth;fns jiyth;fs; vd;w cz;ikia ,naRehjh; Twpdhh;.
-- 
thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ bghWik. mJ kz;iza[k; tpz;iza[k;
Ml;rpbra;a[k; bgUik cilaJ vd;whh;.
-- rhjpfSk; fUj;J ntWghLfSk; cyfk; epiyjLkhWfpd;wJ.
-- mwj;ij ek;gpdhy; rz;il ,y;yhky; cyfk; mikjpahfptpLk;.
-- bghUs; <l;LtjpYk; mwtHpiag; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;.
rpe;jid tpdh
vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>
 vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH kjk;/ rhjp/ ,dk;/ bkhHp/ ViH/ gzf;fhud;
Mfpad xHpa ntz;Lk;. bghwhik/ td;Kiw/ mwpahik Mfpad mHpe;J

j kdpjneak; kyu ntz;Lk;.midtUk; xd;bwdf; fUj ntz;Lk;.

kp
TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

H; 1. Kj;ijah vd;Dk; ,aw;bgah; bfhz;l ftp+h; ??????????.
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) Rujh <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : <]

2. ,naR fhtpaj;ij ,aw;wpath; ??????????.

m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) Rujh <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : <]

3. ?????????? cilnahnu ew;ngW bgw;wth; Mth;.

7 m) rhe;jk; M) mikjp ,) ,uf;fk;

4. Mirapy; tpGe;j kdpj thH;t[ ????????? nghd;wJ.
m) ghiytdk; M) kyh;nrhiy ,) cyfk;
<) md;g[ [tpil : ,]

<) mikjp [tpil : m]

5. ftpauR vd;Dk; rpwg;g[g; bgauhy; miHf;fg;gLgth; ??????????.
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd;
,) Rujh
<) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : <]
 ` f=;fh ` 217

FW tpdh
1. ,iwtdpd; ,uf;fj;ij bgWnthh; ahh;>
 ,uf;fk; cilatnu ngW bgw;wth; Mth;. mth;fs; gpw caph;fspd; kPJ ,uf;fk;
fhl;o ,iwtdpd; ,uf;fj;ijg; bgWth;.
2. Mirapy; tpGe;jtd; thH;t[ gw;wp fz;zjhrd; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.
 kdpjd; Mirapy; tpGe;Jtpl;lhy; mtdJ thH;t[ ghiytdk; nghy;
gadw;wjhfptpLk;.
3. thH;f;if kyh;r;nrhiyahf khWk; vg;nghJ> g
 kdpjd; ey;y cs;sj;njhL thH;e;jhy;/ mtd; thH;f;if kyh;r;nrhiyahf
khwptpLk;. U
4. cz;ikapy;yh cwt[fshf thH;gth; ahth;>
t
k;
 kdpjh;fs; rz;ilr; rr;rut[fshy; jhKk; Jd;g[w;Wg; gpwiua[k; Jd;g[Wj;Jfpd;wdh;.
nkYk; ,th;fs; jd;dhL vd;Wk;/ gpwh; ehL vd;Wk; ngrp cz;ikapy;yh cwt[fshf
thH;fpd;wdh;.

rpWtpdh
fz;zjhrd; gw;wp ePtph; mwpe;jtw;iw vGJf.
1. ,aw;bgah; : Kj;ijah
3
2. rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ftpauR
3. gzp : Vuhskhd jpiug;gl=;fSf;Fg; ghly;fis vGjpa[s;shh;. jkpHf
muritf; ftp+uhft[k; ,Ue;Js;shh;.
4. gilg;g[fs; : Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp/ Fkhpf; fhz;lk;/ nrukhd; fhjyp/ kh=;fdp/
ijg;ghit/ ,naR fhtpak; Kjypad.

fw;git fw;wgpd;

,naRtpd; thH;tpy; ele;j Ritahd epfH;t[ xd;wpid mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy;

gfph;f.
 xU ehs; bghpa gpur=;f Tl;lk; xd;W eilbgw;W te;jJ. m=;F xU rpWtd;
,naRitf; fhz te;jhd;. m=;F Rkhh; 5000 ngh; ,Ue;jdh;. rpWtd; 5 buhl;o/ 2
7
kPd;fs; bfhz;L te;jhd;. mjid ,naR Mrph;tjpf;f mit gythfg; bgUfp 5000
ngUf;Ff; bfhLf;fg;gl;L kPjk; 12 Tilfs; ,Ue;jd.

vav
 812
218 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ftpijg;
jd;id mwpjy;
3 ngiH

nr. gpUe;jh
-- g[fH;bgw;w bgz;ftp+h;fSs; xUth;.
-- gilg;g[fs; : kiH gw;wpa gfph;jy;fs; / tPL KGf;f thdk;/
kfSf;Fr; brhd;d fij.

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. TLfl;lj; bjhpahj gwit ?????????.
m) fhf;if M) Fapy;

j ,) rpl;Lf;FUtp
<) J}f;fzh=;FUtp
2. `jhbdhU` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????.
[tpil : M]

kp m) jh + xU M) jhd; + bdhU ,) jhd; + xU <) jhnd + xU [tpil : ,]

H; FWtpdh
1. fhf;if Vd; Fapy; F+;irg; nghfr;brhd;dJ>
 fhf;iff;Ff; Tl;oy; cs;sJ fhf;iff; F+;R my;y/ Fapy; F+;R jhd; vd;W xUehs;
bjhpate;jJ. vdnt/ ,dp ehk; nrh;e;J thH KoahJ vd;W Twp Fapy; F+;irg;
nghfr; brhd;dJ.
2. Fapy; F+;R jd;id vg;nghJ `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ>
 xU tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ. md;W jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;ej
; J.
rpWtpdh
Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.

7
-- fhf;iff;Ff; Tl;oy; cs;sJ fhf;iff; F+;R my;y/ Fapy; F+;R jhd; vd;W
xUehs; bjhpate;jJ. vdnt/ ,dp ehk; nrh;e;J thH KoahJ vd;W Twp Fapy;
F+;irg; nghfr; brhd;dJ.
-- mjdhy; jha; fhf;ifiatpl;Lr; bry;y Koatpy;iy. me;j kuj;jpnyna thH
Muk;gpj;jJ. `fh~ vd;W fj;j Kaw;rpj;jJ/ mjdhy; Koatpy;iy.
-- mjw;Ff; TLfl;lj; bjhpahJ. mk;kh/ mg;gh/ njhHh; ahUk; ,y;iy.Fsph;/ kiH/
btapy; Mfpatw;iwf; fle;jJ. jhnd ,iu njlj; bjhl=;fpaJ.
-- thH;ifia thHg; gHfptpl;lJ. xU tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ/
md;W jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 219

rpe;jid tpdh
c=;fsplk; cs;s jdpj;jd;ikfshf eP=;fs; fUJtd ahit>
-- midtuplKk; md;ghfg; gHFtJ/
-- cz;ik ngRtJ/
-- jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; ,Ug;gJ/
-- kdk; jsuhik
? Mfpait vd;dplk; cs;s jdpj;jd;ikfs; MFk;.

TLjy; tpdh
g
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
U
1. `jd;id mwpjy;~ ftpij ,lk;bgWk; E}y; ???????????.
m) kiH gw;wpa gfph;jy;fs; M) tPL KGf;f thdk; t
,) kfSf;Fr; brhd;d fij <) vJt[kpy;iy
2. Fapy; ??????????d; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapl;lJ.
[tpil : ,]
k;
3
m) fhf;if M) FUtp ,) Fapy; <) g[wh [tpil : m]

FWtpdh
1. fhf;ifapd; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapl;lJ vJ>
Fapy; fhf;ifapd; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapl;lJ.
2. fhf;ifiag; nghyf; fiua Kad;wJ vJ>
Fapy; F+;R fhf;ifiag; nghyf; fiua Kad;wJ.
3. jd;id mwpjy; vd;w ftpijapd; cl;bghUs; ahJ>
``ehKk; ekJ Mw;wiy czh;e;J bfhz;lhy; thH;tpy; rhjidfs; g[hpayhk;.~~
4. ftp+h; nr.gpUe;jh Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
-- g[fH;bgw;w bgz;ftp+h;fSs; xUth; nr.gpUe;jh.
-- kiH gw;wpa gfph;jy;fs; / tPL KGf;f thdk; / kfSf;Fr; brhd;d fij Mfpad

,tuJ gilg;g[fs; MFk;.

fw;git fw;wgpd;
gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs; Mfpatw;Wf;F chpa jdpr;rpwg;g[fisg; gl;oaypLf.
7
1. eha;/ g{id ? nkhg;g rf;jp
2. fhf;if ? To cz;Qk;/ Jf;fj;ij To mDrhpf;Fk;.
3. fpsp ? ngRk;
vav
 022
220 ` f=;fh `

,ay; ciueil
fz;zpakpF jiyth;
3 cyfk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. fhapnjkpy;yj; ????????? gz;gpw;F cjhuzkhfj; jpfH;e;jhh;.
m) jz;ik M) vspik ,) Mlk;guk; <) bgUik [tpil : M]
2. `fhapnjkpy;yj;~ vd;Dk; mug[r;brhy;Yf;Fr; ????????? vd;gJ bghUs;.
m) Rw;Wyh tHpfhl;o M) rKjha tHpfhl;o
,) rpe;jidahsh; <) rl;lty;Yeh; [tpil : M]
3. 
tpLjiyg;nghuhl;lj;jpd; nghJ fhapnjkpy;yj; ????????? ,af;fj;jpy; fye;J
bfhz;lhh;.

j m) bts;isand btspnaW
,) Rnjrp
M) cg;g[ff
; ha;r;Rk;
<) xj;JiHahik [tpil : <]

kp 4. fhapnjkpy;yj; jkpH;bkhHpia Ml;rpbkhHpahf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ngrpa ,lk; ?????????.

H; m) rl;lkd;wk;
,) Cuhl;rp kd;wk;
M) ehlhSkd;wk;
<) efh;kd;wk; [tpil : M]
5. `vjpbuhypj;jJ~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ?????????.
m) vjph; + buhypj;jJ M) vjpy; + xypj;jJ
,) vjph; + xypj;jJ <) vjp + buhypj;jJ [tpil : ,]
6. KJik + bkhHp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ?????????.
m) KJbkhHp M) KJikbkhHp
,) KjpabkhHp <) Kjy;bkhHp [tpil : m]
FW tpdh

7 1. tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fspd; g=;F gw;wp vGJf.

-- ehLKGtJk; tpLjiyg;nghuhl;lj;jpy; kf;fs; <Lgl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;j
fhyj;jpy;/ xj;JiHahik ,af;fj;jpy; g=;F bfhs;s fhe;jpaofs; ,is+h;fSf;F
miHg;g[ tpLj;jhh;.
-- fhe;jpaofspd; ,j;jifa ntz;Lnfhs; fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; kdjpy; tpLjiy
czh;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
-- fy;tpiatpl ehl;L tpLjiy nkyhdJ vd;W vz;zp xj;JiHahik
,af;fj;jpy; fye;J bfhz;lhh;.
 ` f=;fh ` 221

2. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; jd; FLk;gj;jpYk; vspikiaf; filgpoj;jhh; vd;gjw;Fr;

rhd;whf cs;s epfH;it vGJf.
 fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; jd; kfDf;Fj; jpUkzk; bra;a Kot[ bra;jhh;. bghpa
jiyth; vd;gjhy; jpUkzk; kpft[k; Mlk;gukhf elf;Fk; vd midtUk;
epidj;jdh;.bgz;tPl;lhhplk; kzf;bfhil th=;fhky; kpf vspikahf kfd;
jpUkzj;ij elj;jpdhh;.
rpW tpdh
Ml;rpbkhHp gw;wpa fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; fUj;ij tpsf;Ff.
 Ml;rpbkhHp njh;t[ bra;a[k; Tl;lj;jpy; fhapnjkpy;yj;/ ``gHikahd bkhHpfspy;
xd;iwj;jhd; Ml;rp bkhHpahf;f ntz;Lk; vd;why;/ mJ jkpH;bkhHp vd;W jhd;
g
ehd; cWjpahfr; brhy;ntd;. kz;zpny Kjd; Kjyhfg; ngrg;gl;l bkhHp jpuhtpl
bkhHpfs; jhd;. mtw;Ws; ,yf;fpa brwpt[ bfhz;l jkpH;bkhHp jhd; kpfg;gHikahd
U
bkhHp. mjidj; jhd; ehl;od; Ml;rpbkhHpahf mwptpf;f ntz;Lk; ~~vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.
t

rpe;jid tpdh
eP=;fs; xU jiytuhf ,Ue;jhy; vj;jifa kf;fs; eyg;gzpiar; bra;tPh;fs;>
k;
-- jkpiH cyfbkhHp Mf;Fntd;.
-- VH;ik epiyia xHpj;J/ midj;Jk; midtUf;Fk; vd;gij eilKiwf;Ff;
bfhz;L tUntd;.
3
-- rhjp/ kj Vw;wj;jhH;t[fis ePf;Fntd;.
-- ,e;jpa ejpfis ,izg;ngd;.
Mfpatw;iw ehd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhy;/ kf;fSf;Fr; bra;ntd;.
TLjy; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. `fz;zpakpF ~vd;Dk; milbkhHpahy; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; jiyth; ?????????.

m) fhe;jpaofs; M) neU
,) bghpahh;

m) 1962 M) 1972
<) fhapnjkpy;yj;
2. ,e;jpaht[f;Fk; rPdht[f;Fk; nghh; @z;l Mz;L ??????????.
,) 1926 <) 1960
[tpil : <]

[tpil : m]
7
3. fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; ,aw;bgah; ?????????.
m) KfkJ myp M) KfkJ $pd;dh
,) KfkJ ,Rkhapy; <) KfkJ ikjPd; [tpil : ,]
 222
222 ` f=;fh `

4. fhapnjkpy;yj; $khy; KfkJ fy;Y}hpia cUthf;fpa ,lk;?????????????????.

m) jpUr;rp M) j+;ir ,) nfhit <) kJiu [tpil : m]
FWtpdh
1. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; gw;wp je;ij bghpahh; TwpaJ ahJ>
 ``,g;gog;gl;l jiyth; fpilg;gJ mhpJ. mth; ey;y cj;jkkhd kdpjh;.?vd;W
fhapnjkpy;yj; Fwpj;Jj; je;ijg; bghpahh; Twpdhh;.
2. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; gw;wp mwp+h; mz;zh TwpaJ ahJ>
 ``jkpHf murpay; thdpy; ft;tpa;pUe;j fhhpUis mfw;w te;j xspf;fjpuhff;
fhapnjkpy;yj; KfkJ ,!;khapy; mth;fs; jpfH;fpwhh;~~ vd;W fhapnjkpy;yj; Fwpj;J
mwp+h; mz;zh Twpdhh;.
3. fhapnjkpy;yj; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
 fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; ,aw;bgah; KfkJ ,Rkhapy;. Mdhy; kf;fs; md;nghL
fhapnjkpy;yj; vd;W miHj;jdh;. fhapnjkpy;yj; vd;gjd; bghUs; rKjha tHpfhl;o.
mg;bgaUf;F Vw;g tHpfhl;oahfj; jpfH;e;jhh;.

j rpWtpdh
1. fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; fy;tpg;gzp Fwpj;J vGJf.
kp  fy;tp xd;Wjhd; xlLbkhj;jr; r@f tsh;r;rpf;F cWJizahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W
vz;zpdhh; fhapnjkpy;yj;. ``fy;tp kpFe;jpoy; fHpe;jpLk; klik~~ vd;w KJbkhHpf;F
H; Vw;gf; fy;tp epWtd=;fis cUthf;f epidj;jhh;. jpUr;rpapy; $khy; KfkJ
fy;Y}hpia cUthf;fpdhh;. nfushtpy; Bgqf; fy;Y}hp cUthf fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhh;.
2. fhapnjkpy;yj; nkw;bfhz;l murpay; gzpfs; ahit>
-- 1946 Kjy; 1952 tiu brd;id khfhz rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh;.
-- ,e;jpa murpayikg;g[ cUthf;ff; FG cWg;gpdh;.
-- ,e;jpah tpLjiy bgw;wgpd; khepy=;fsit cWg;gpdh;.
-- kf;fsit cWg;gpdh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
vspikapd; milahskhf thH;e;j gpw jiyth;fs; Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; ngRf.

7  midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;. vspikapd; milahskhf thH;e;jth; fhe;jpaofs;

gw;wpg; ngRfpd;nwd;. fhe;jpaofs; vspikapd; rpfukhf thH;e;jth;. rpwpa Jz;L
bgd;rpy;. fhfpjk; Mfpatw;iwf;Tl Fg;igapy; nghlhky; gpw gad;ghl;ow;fhff;
fhe;jpaofs; itj;Jf;bfhs;thh;. Mlk;guj;ij mwnt btWj;jhh;. tHf;fj;pw;F
khwhf btWk; xuzhitr; bryt[ bra;j jd; kidtpiaf; fz;oj;jhh;. cz;zf;
f+;rp ,y;yhjth; kj;jpy; Mlk;gukhf mzptJ ghtk; vd;whh;. vspikahd fjh;
ciliana cLj;jpdhh;. jkJ FLk;gj;jhh; midtiua[k; mjidna cLj;jr;
bra;jhh;. ehKk; mth; nghy vspikahf thH;tnthk; . ed;wp.
 ` f=;fh ` 223

,ay; tphpthdk;
gazk;
3
ghtz;zd;:
rpWfij/ ftpij/ fl;Liu vdg; gy;ntW tifahd ,yf;fpa
tot=;fspy; vGjptUfpd;whh;.
fd;dl bkhHpapy;
bgah;j;Js;shh;.
,Ue;J gyE}y;fisj; jkpH; bkhHpapy;
g
gilg;g[fs; : n
 th;fs; bjhiytpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd/ new;W thH;ej
; th;fs;/ U
t
flnyhu tPL/ gha;kuf; fg;gy;/ kPirf;fhu g{id/
gpuahzk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh k;

3
`gazk;~ fijiar; RUf;fp vGJf.
Kd;Diu
 gpwUf;F cjtp bra;J kfpH;e;j xUthpd; fijjhd; `gazk;~. ,f;fijiag;
`gpuahzk;~ vd;Dk; E}ypy; ghtz;zd; gilj;Js;shh;.
kpjptz;o Mir
 20 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ele;j epfH;r;rp ,J. m+;ryfj;jpy; ntiy bra;J
bfhz;oUe;j xUth; kpjptz;oapd; kPJ Mir itj;Jj; jdJ @d;whtJ khjr;
rk;gsj;jpy; kpjp tz;o xd;iw th=;Ffpd;whh;. kpjptz;oapy; bry;YtJ jhd;
mtUf;Fg; bghGJnghf;F. bjhpe;j ,lk; bjhpahj ,lk; vd vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk;
kpjptz;ojhd;. fpU&;zuh$ rhfh; miz / kfhgypg[uk; Mfpa ,l=;fSf;F vy;yhk;
kpjptz;oapny jhd; gazk;.
kpjptz;oapy; gazk;

7
 \hrd; tHpahf k=;fAh; bry;y ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mthpd; ePz;l ehs;
Mir.,uz;L ehl;fs; kpjptz;o gazj;jpy; \hrid mile;jhh;. xnu ehspy;
btg;gk;/ kiH/ Fsph; khwp khwp te;jJ.kiHj; J}uypy; mLj;j Ch; tiu brd;whh;.
bghpa ,wf;fj;jpy; ,w=;Fk; nghJ kpjptz;oapy; fhw;W ,w=;fptpl;lJ. fhw;wof;Fk;
fUtpa[k; ,y;iy.ePz;l J}uk; ele;Jk; ahiua[k; fhztpy;iy.
Foir tPl;Lr; rpWtd;
 xU Foir tPL bjhpe;jJ. mjpy; xU rpWtDk; mtdJ mk;kht[k; ,Ue;jdh;.
bg=;fAhpy; ,Ue;J kpjptz;oapy; te;jijr; brhd;dJk; me;jr; rpWtdhy; ek;g
 422
224 ` f=;fh `
Koatpy;iy. kdk; ,Ue;jhy; v=;F ntz;Lk; vd;whYk; kpjptz;oapy; bry;yhk;
vd;whh;. kpjptz;o Mh;tj;ijr; rpWtd; brhd;dhd;. mtdJ khkh tPl;oy;
kpjptz;o cs;sJ/ mth; ,y;yhj nghJ Fu=;F bgly; nghl;L Xl;Lntd; vd;whd;.
fhiyg;bghGJ tpoe;jJk; gf;fj;J Chpy; cs;s re;jpnubfslh vd;gth; kpjptz;oiar;
rhp bra;J jUfpd;whh;. rpWtDf;F kpjptz;o Xl;lf; fw;Wf;bfhLf;fpwhh;.
gazk; bjhlh;fpd;wJ..
 mk;khtpd;mDkjp bgw;W/ mhprpf;bfu vd;w ,lj;j;py; jd; khkh tPl;oy;
tplr;brhy;yp rpWtd; nfl;lhd;. rpWtDld; gazk; bjhlh;e;jJ. mthplk; ,Ue;J
kpjptz;oia th=;fp rpwpJ J}uk; Xl;odhd;. khkh tPL beU=;Fk; rpwpJ J}uj;jpw;F
Kd;djpy; ,Ue;J kpjptz;oia kPz;Lk; rpWtd; Xl;lf; nfl;lhd;. rpWtdpd;
kpjptz;o Mh;tj;ijf; fz;L Xl;lf; bfhLj;jhh;. kpjptz;o rpWtd; Xl;of;bfhz;L
,Uf;Fk; nghJ/ mtdplk; brhy;yhky; ngUe;jpy; Vwp bry;fpd;whh;
Kot[iu
 Mirg;gl;L th=;fpa kpjptz;oiaj; jpahfk; bra;J/ rpWtdpd; kdk; kfpHr;

j bra;j mthpd; fUiz cs;sk; ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.

``fUiz cs;sk; flt[s; thGk; ,y;yk;~~

kp
H;
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. eP=;fs; brd;W te;j gazk; Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
 eh=;fs; kpjptz;oapy; mUfpy; cs;s gwitfs; ruzhyaj;jpw;Fr; Rw;Wyh
brd;nwhk;. kpFe;j cw;rhfj;Jld; gazk; bjhlh;e;jJ. mk;kd; nfhapy; xd;wpd;
mUfpy; czt[ cz;nlhk;. nfhapy; thrypy; khw;Wj;jpwdhsp xUth; cztpd;wp
thof;fple;jijg; ghh;j;njhk;. czt[g;bghl;lyk; xd;wpidf; bfhLj;J/ mtiu
czt[ cz;z itj;J/ kfpH;e;J mtUld; ciuahondhk;.gpwF gwitfs;
ruzhyak; te;njhk;. rpW jhdpa=;fisg; gwitfs; cz;z jl;oy; itj;njhk;.
gpwF tpisaho tpl;L khiyapy; kpjptz;oapy; kPz;Lk; tPL jpUk;gpndhk;.

7
2. eP=;fs; Rw;Wyh bry;y nkw;bfhz;l Maj;jg; gzpfs; gw;wpg; ngRf.
 tzf;fk;/ brd;idf;Fr; Rw;Wyh bry;y Kot[ vLj;njhk;. cilfs;/ czt[fs;/
behWf;Fj; jPdpfs;/ kUe;Jfs;/ nghh;it/ Jz;L/ gw;gir. nrhg;g[ Mfpatw;iwg;
igapy; vLj;J itj;njhk;. Kd;gjpt[ bra;j gazr;rPl;L/ milahs ml;il
Mfpatw;iw vLj;J itj;Jf; bfhz;nlhk;. miyngrp/ kpd;ndw;wp Mfpatw;iwa[k;
Maj;jg;gLj;jp itj;njhk;.
vav
 ` f=;fh ` 225

,ay;
MFbgah;
3 fw;fz;L

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

1. bghUspd; bgah; mjd; cWg;g[f;F MfptUtJ ??????????.
m) bghUshFbgah; M) rpidahFbgah; g
,) gz;ghFbgah; <) ,lthFbgah; [tpil : m] U
2. ,e;j ntiyia Kof;f xU if FiwfpwJ vd;gJ ??????????.
m) KjyhFbgah; M) rpidahFbgah;
t
,) bjhHpyhFbgah; <) gz;ghFbgah; [tpil : M] k;
3
3. kiH rlrlbtdg; bga;jJ. ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mike;Js;sJ ??????????.
m) mLf;Fj;bjhlh; M) ,ul;ilf;fpstp
,) bjhHpyhFbgah; <) gz;ghFbgah; [tpil : M]

4. mLf;Fj;bjhlhpy; xnu brhy; ?????????? Kiw tiu mLf;fp tUk;.

m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;F <) Ie;J [tpil : ,]

FWtpdh:
1. xU bgah;r;brhy; vg;nghJ MFbgah; MFk;>
 xU bgah;r;brhy; mjd; bghUisf; Fwpf;fhky; / mjndhL bjhlh;g[ cila ntW
xd;wpw;F tUk; nghJ mJ MFbgah; Mf khWk;.
rhd;W : bts;is ? btz;ik epwk;/ bts;is moj;jhd; ? bts;is epwKila
Rz;zhk;gpw;FhpaJ.
2. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ ahJ > rhd;W jUf.
 ,ul;ilahf ,ize;J te;J/ gphpj;jhy;
,ul;ilf;fpstp MFk;.
jdpg;bghUs; juhj brhw;fs; 7
rhd;W : tpWtpW/ ksks.
 622
226 ` f=;fh `

rpWtpdh
1. bghUshFbgaiua[k; rpidahFbgaiua[k; ntWgLj;Jf.
bghUshF bgah; rpidahF bgah;
1. xU bghUspd; bgah; rpid(cWg;g[) 1. rpidapd; bgah; bghUSf;F
f;F MfptUtJ bghUshF bgah;. MfptUtJ rpidahFbgah;.
2. rhd;W : ky;ypif Nodhs; 2. r hd;W : jiyf;F xU gHk; bfhL
ky;ypif vd;gJ bghUspd; bgah;.  iy vd;gJ rpidapd; bgah;. mJ
j
mJ mjd; cWg;ghfpa kyUf;F Mfp mjd; bghUSf;F Mfp te;Js;sJ.
te;Js;sJ.
2. ,ul;ilf;fpstp/ mLf;Fj;bjhlh; xg;gpLf.
mLf;Fj;bjhlh; ,ul;ilf;fpstp
jdpr;brhw;fshfg; gphpj;jhy; bghUs; jUk;. jdpr;brhw;fshfg; gphpj;jhy; bghUs; juhJ.
xU brhy; ehd;F Kiw tiu mLf;fp tUk;. xU brhy; ,uz;L Kiw kl;Lnk tUk;.

j brhw;fs; jdpna epw;Fk;.

tpiut[/ btFsp/ ctif/ mr;rk;/
brhw;fs; ,ize;nj epw;Fk;.
tpidf;F milbkhHpahff; Fwpg;g[g;
kp mtyk; Mfpa bghUspy; tUk;. bghUspy; kl;Lnk tUk;.

H; rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.

TLjy; tpdhf;fs;

1. nghl;oapy; jkpH;ehL btw;wp bgw;wJ vd;gJ ???????????Fr; rhd;whFk;.

m) ,lthFbgah; M) fhythFbgah;
,) gz;ghFbgah; <) bjhHpyhFbgah; [tpil : m]

2. jprk;gh; Nodhs; vd;gJ ???????????Fr; rhd;whFk;.

m) ,lthFbgah; M) fhythFbgah;

7
,) gz;ghFbgah; <) bjhHpyhFbgah; [tpil : M]

3. ,dpg;g[ jpd;whd; vd;gJ ???????????Fr; rhd;whFk;.

m) ,lthFbgah; M) fhythFbgah;
,) gz;ghFbgah; <) bjhHpyhFbgah; [tpil : ,]
4. bgh=;fy; cz;lhd; vd;gJ ???????????Fr; rhd;whFk;.
m) ,lthFbgah; M) fhythFbgah;
,) gz;ghFbgah; <) bjhHpyhFbgah; [tpil : <]
 ` f=;fh ` 227

FWtpdh
1. ,lthFbgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 ``rLFL nghl;oapy; ,e;jpah btd;wJ ~~ ? vd;gjpy; jkpH;ehL vd;Dk; bgah;
,t;tplj;ijr; nrh;e;j tpisahl;L mzpiaf; Fwpg;gjhy; ,lthFbgah; MFk;.
2. fhythFbgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 ``jprk;gh; Nodhs; ~~ ? vd;gjpy; jprk;gh; vd;Dk; fhyg;bgah; mf;fhyj;jpy; kyUk;
g{itf; Fwpg;gjhy; fhythFbgah; MFk;.
3. gz;ghFbgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
 ``,dpg;g[ jpd;whd;~~ ? vd;gjpy; ,dpg;g[ vd;Dk; gz;g[g;bgah; jpd;gz;lj;ijf; g
Fwpg;gjhy; gz;ghFbgah; MFk;.
4. bjhHpyhFbgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf. U
 ``bgh=;fy; cz;lhd; ~~ ? vd;gjpy; bgh=;fy;vd;Dk; bjhHpw;bgah; mj;bjhHpyhy;
cUthd cztpidf; Fwpg;gjhy; bjhHpyhFbgah; MFk;. t
1. 
fw;git fw;wgpd;
gs;sp E}yfj;jpypUe;J E}y; xd;iw vLj;J te;J me;E}ypy; MFbgah;fshf
k;
,lk;bgw;Ws;s bgah;r;brhw;fisj; bjhFf;f.
E}y; : bghpahhpd; bgz;zpaf; fdt[fs;
Mrphpah; : r.nrl;L kjhh;rh
3
bghUshFbgah; ,lthFbgah; fhythFbgah;
1. Ky;iyf; bfho 1. ,e;jpah tpLjiy 1.+hapW nghdJ.
Jtz;lJ nghy; bgw;wJ.
2. btg;g=;fhaha; fre;jJ. 2. jkpH;kz; kfpik

rpidahFbgah; gz;ghFbgah; bjhHpyhFbgah;

1. jiy epkpuntz;Lk; 1. bts;isaidj; Juj;jpdh;. ?????
2. md;whlg; ngr;R tHf;fpy; ,lk;bgWk; mLf;Fj;bjhlh;/ ,ul;ilf;fpstp Mfpatw;iwj;
bjhFf;f.
mLf;Fj;bjhlh;
ngh ngh
th th
ghh;j;J ghh;j;J
,ul;ilf;fpstp
gugug;ghf
brhubrhud;D
jfjfd;D
7
ghh; ghh; klkld;D
XL XL ryryg;g[
bry; bry; tpWtpW
ed;W ed;W tytyd;D
mUik mUik beFbeFd;D
 822
228 ` f=;fh `

bkhHpia Ms;nthk;

fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.

cz;ik
 tzf;fk;. cz;ik vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; rpy epkpl=;fs; c=;fs; Kd; ngRfpd;nwd;.
tha;ikna bty;Yk; vd;gJ ek; ePjpj; Jiwapd; mog;gilf; bfhs;if. cz;ikia
kl;Lnk ,e;j cyfk; Vw;Fk;. cz;ik ngRgtDf;Fj; jhd; ehis brhh;f;fk;
fpilf;Fk;. ts;Sth; Tl cz;ikf;F vd;nw tha;ik vd;w mjpfhuj;ijna
tFj;Js;shh;. gj;Jf; Fwspy; cz;ikia mHfhf ts;Sth; tpsf;Ftpd;whh;.
cz;ik ngrp cah;e;jtd; kd;dd; mhpr;re;jpud;. cz;ik ngrp cyf cj;jkh; Mdhh;
fhe;jpaofs;. vdnt ehKk; cz;ik ngRnthk;- thH;tpy; cah;nthk;- ed;wp.
brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.
1. kdpj thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ bghWik.
2. Fapy; Fsphpy; eL=;fpaJ / kiHapy; xL=;fpaJ/ btapypy; fha;e;jJ.

j 3. ,uf;fk; cilnahh; mUs; bgw;wth; Mth;.

4. fhapnj kpy;yj; vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;Fr; ``rKjha tHpfhl;o~~ vd;W bghUs;.

kp 5. tpoa[k; nghJ Fspuj; bjhl=;fpaJ.

H; fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fspy; xd;iwj; njh;e;bjLj;J ftpij vGJf.

md;g[ jd;dk;gpf;if
gz;g[ @btGj;J xw;iwf;fhypy; epw;gJ
ghpt[ @btGj;J g{tpd; jd;dk;gpf;if..
cwt[ @btGj;J Ks;spy; kyh;tJ
el;g[ @btGj;J nuh$htpd; jd;dk;gpf;if..
,it ,iza[k; cUfpa[k; xspjUtJ
md;g[ @btGj;J. bkGFth;j;jpapd; jd;dk;gpf;if..
tWikapy; rhjidna

7 rhpahd ,izg;g[r; brhy;yhy; epug;g[f.

kdpjdpd; jd;dk;gpf;if-

(vdnt / Vbddpy;/ mjdhy;/ Mifahy;/ mJ nghy/ ,y;iybad;why;/ nkYk; )

(v.fh.) fhapnj kpy;yj; mth;fs; kfpGe;jpy; gazk; bra;a tpUk;ghjth;. Vbddpy;
mth; vspikia tpUk;gpath;.
1. ehk; ,dpa brhw;fisg; ngr ntz;Lk;. ,y;iybad;why; Jd;gg;gl nehpLk;.
2. FapYf;Ff; TLfl;lj; bjhpahJ. Mifahy; fhf;ifapd; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapLk;.
 ` f=;fh ` 229

3. mjpf mstpy; ku=;fis tsh;g;nghk;. Vbddpy; ku=;fs; jhd; kiHf;F mog;gil.

4. gpwUf;Ff; bfhLj;jny bry;tj;jpd; gad;. vdnt gpwUf;Ff; bfhLj;J kfpH;nthk;.
5. jkpHfj;jpy; kiH bga;J tUfpd;wJ. nkYk; ,uz;L ehl;fs; kiH ePof;Fk; vd
thdpiy Ma;t[ ikak; mwptpg;g[.

fojk; vGJf.
 =;fs; Chpy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhitf; fhz tUkhW miHg;g[ tpLj;J cwtpdh;
c
xUtUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
54/ Fwp+;rp tPjp/
jkpH;efh;/ g
kJiu ? 2.
03.6.2019. U
md;g[s;s mj;ijf;F/
 c=;fs; md;g[ mz;zd; kfd; vGJk; fojk;. ehDk; vd; mg;gh / mk;kh MfpnahUk; t
eykhf ,Uf;fpd;nwhk;. mJnghy j=;fs; eyj;ija[k; khkhtpd; eyj;ija[k; mwpa
Mtyhf ,Uf;fpd;nwd;. mLj;j khjk; Kjy; thuk; Kjy; v=;fs; Chpy; khhpak;kd; k;
3
nfhapy; jpUtpHh eilbgw ,Uf;fpd;wJ.xU thuk; ,j;jpUtpHh eilbgWk;. Cnu
my=;fhukhf ,Uf;Fk;. g[{r;rhl;ly; / fhg;g[f;fl;ly; /g{kpjpj;jy; / myF Fj;jy;/ bgh=;fy;
itj;jy; Mfpa epfH;t[fs; eilbgWk;. mj;jid epfH;t[fspy; jh=;fSk; khkht[k;
mtrpak; fye;Jbfhs;s v=;fs; ,y;yj;jpw;F tuntz;Lk;. mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k;
nehpy; te;Jk; miHg;ghh;fs;.md;g[ld; Kof;fpd;nwd;.cld; gjpy; vGJ=;fs;.
,g;gof;F/
md;g[s;s mz;zd; kfd;/
m. Kusp.
ciwnky; Kfthp

r. jkpHurp/
12/jpU.tp.f. efh;/
brd;id ? 5.

7
 032
230 ` f=;fh `

bkhHpnahL tpisahL
Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L ,lkpUe;J tykhff; fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.
E} y; f s;
jp U f; F w s;
m w be wp r; rh u k;
F w; wh y f; F w t +; rp
jp hp T l uh r g; g f; f tp uh a h;
R g; g[ u j; jp d jh r d;
F k u F U g u h;
gh u jp jh r d;
E} y f k;

1. E}yfj;jpy; ,Ug;git ?????????. ( E}y;fs;) E}y;fs; epiwe;Js;s ,lk; ?????????.

j (E}yfk;)
2. cyfg;bghJ kiw ?????????. (jpUf;Fws;) g[ul;rpf;ftp+h; ?????????. (ghujpjhrd;)

kp 3. Kidg;ghoahh; ,aw;wpaJ ????????? (mwbewpr;rhuk;) ePjp bewp tpsf;fk; ghoath;

?????????. (FkuFUguh;)
H; 4. Fw;why kiytsj;ijf; TWk; E}y; ?????????. (Fw;whyf;Fwt+;rp) Rujh vd;gjd;
tphpthf;fk; ?????????. (Rg;g[uj;jpdjhrd;)
5. Fw;whyf;Fwt+;rpiag; ghoath; ??????????. (jphpTluhrg;gf;ftpuhah;)
fPH;f;fhQk; gl=;fisg; ghh;j;J ,ul;ilf; fpstp mika[khW bjhlh; cUthf;Ff.

7 (v.fh.) kiH rlrl btdg; bga;jJ.

gwit glgl btdg; gwe;jJ.
g[iftz;o rlrl btdr; brd;wJ.
kuf; fpis rlrl btd Khpe;jJ.
 ` f=;fh ` 231

fPH;f;fhQk; mwptpg;igg; goj;J mjd;gpd; nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

jP tpgj;Jk; ghJfhg;g[ KiwfSk;
tpdhf;fs; kw;Wk; tpilfs;
1. 
jP tpgj;jpdhy; bghpa ghjpg;g[ Vw;glhky; ,Ug;gjw;F/ bra;a ntz;oa
Kd;bdr;rhpf;if eltof;iffs; ahit>
 tPL kw;Wk; bghJ ,l=;fspy; jP ghJfhg;g[f; fUtpfs; bghUj;jg;gl;L/ vr;rhpf;if
xypg;ghd;fs; bghUj;jg;gl;L ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. jukhd kpd; rhjd=;fisg;
gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.rikay; bra;a[k; nghJ ,Uf;fkhd cilfis mzpa
ntz;Lk;. gl;lhRfisg; ghJfhg;ghd ,l=;fspy;/ bghpath; ghJfhg;g[ld; btof;f g
ntz;Lk;.gzpahshh;fSf;Fj; jPj;jLg;g[g; gapw;rpfs; mspf;fg;glntz;Lk;.
2. jP tpgj;J Vw;gl;lhy; cldoahfr; bra;a ntz;oa bray;fs; ahit>
U
 jPaizg;g[j; Jiwf;Fj; jfty; brhy;y ntz;Lk;. jP tpgj;J Vw;gl;l gFjpapy; t
kpd; ,izg;ig cldoahfj; Jz;of;f ntz;Lk;. jP mizg;ghd;fs; bfhz;L
jPia mizf;f Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;. Milapy; jPg;gpoj;jhy; jiuapy; gLj;J cUs
ntz;Lk;. jPf;fhak; gl;l ,lj;ij ePh; bfhz;L Fsph;tpf;f ntz;Lk;.
k;
3. bghJ ,l=;fspy; jPtpgj;J Vw;gl;lhy; btspnaWk; Kiwiaf; TWf.
 jP tpgj;J Vw;gl;lhy; mtru fhy tHpapy; bry;y ntz;Lk;. mUfpy; cs;s
fl;ol=;fSf;Fj; jP guthky; ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; Kd;bdr;rhpf;if bra;a ntz;Lk;.
3
4. jP tpgj;J Vw;gl;lhy; bra;af; Tlhjit ahit>
 kpd; J}f;fpiag; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ. vz;bza;j; jPapy; ePiu Cw;wf; TlhJ.
jPf;fhak; gl;l ,lj;jpy; vz;bza;/ ngdh ik Mfpatw;iwj; jltf; TlhJ.
5. clypy; jPg;gw;wpdhy; bra;a ntz;oa KjYjtp ahJ>
 clypy; jPg;gw;wpdhy; jiuapy; gL;j;J cUs ntz;Lk;. jPf;fhak; gl;l ,lj;ij
ePh; bfhz;L Fsph;tpf;f ntz;Lk;.
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf...

fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
rkak; ? Religion
<if ? Charity
vspik
fz;zpak;
? Simplicity
? Dignity
7
bfhs;if ? Doctrine jj;Jtk; ? Philosophy
neh;ik ? Integrity tha;ik ? Sincerity
cgnjrk; ? Preaching thdpay; ? Astronomy
vav
 232
232 ` f=;fh `

khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; gUtk; ? 3
,ay; ? @d;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20

I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 3x1=3

1. kdpj thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ ?????????.
m) gzk; M) bghWik ,) g[fH; <) tPL

2. `jhbdhU` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????.

m) jh + xU M) jhd; + bdhU ,) jhd; + xU <) jhnd + xU

3. tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpd; nghJ fhapnjkpy;yj; ????????? ,af;fj;jpy; fye;J

bfhz;lhh;.
m) bts;isand btspnaW M) cg;g[ff
; ha;r;Rk;

j II.
,) Rnjrp
bghUj;Jf.
<) xj;JiHahik
4x1=4

kp 4. rhe;jk; ? rpwg;g[

H; 5. kfj;Jtk;
6. jhuzp
? cyfk;
? fUiz
7. ,uf;fk; ? mikjp
III. FWtpil jUf. 2x2=4

8. fhf;if Vd; Fapy; F+;irg; nghfr;brhd;dJ>

9. fhapnj kpy;yj; bgah;f;fhuzk; gw;wp vGJf>
IV. rpW tpil jUf. 2x3=6

10. Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.

7 11. bghUshFbgaiua[k; rpidahFbgaiua[k; ntWgLj;Jf.

V. mogpwHhky; vGJf.
12. `thH;f;if ~vd;gJ Kjy; `bgha;a[wt[~ vd;gJ tiu cs;s kiyg;bghHpt[g;ghly;.
3x1=3

vav
 ` f=;fh ` 233

khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL

VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
gUtk; ? 3
fhyk; : 2.00 kzp kjpg;bgz; : 60

I. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f. 14 x 1 = 14

1. `+hdr;Rlh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ???????????.

m) +hd + Rlh; M) +hdr; + Rlh; ,) +hdk; + Rlh; <) +hdp + Rlh;
2. `,sik ` vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy; ???????????. g
m) KJik M) g[Jik ,) jdpik <) ,dpik
U
t
3. tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ??????????? vd;Wk; TWtu;.
m) kUe;J M) kUj;Jtu; ,) kUj;Jtkid <) khj;jpiu
4. fz; + ,y;yJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ???????????.
m) fzp,y;yJ M) fzpy;yJ ,) fz;zpy;yhJ <) fz;zpy;yJ k;
3
5. kuk; tsu;j;jhy; ??????????? bgwyhk;.
m) khwp M) khup ,) fhup <) ghup
6. ,s=;nfhtofs; ??????????? kiyf;F Kjd;ik bfhLj;Jg; ghodhu;.
m) ,ka M) bfhy;yp ,) bghjpif <) tpe;jpa
7. kdpj thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ ????????????.
m) gzk; M) bghWik ,) g[fH; <) tPL
8. `jhbdhU` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ???????????.
m) jh + xU M) jhd; + bdhU ,) jhd; + xU <) jhnd + xU
9. tpLjiyg;nghuhl;lj;jpd; nghJ fhapnjkpy;yj; ??????????? ,af;fj;jpy; fye;J bfhz;lhh;.
m) bts;isand btspnaW M) cg;g[f;fha;r;Rk;
,) Rnjrp <) xj;JiHahik
10. ,e;j ntiyia Kof;f xU if FiwfpwJ vd;gJ ????????????.
m) KjyhFbgah;
,) bjhHpyhFbgah;

bghUj;Jf.
M) rpidahFbgah;
<) gz;ghFbgah;
7
11. tpisepyk; ? cz;ik
12. tpij ? ,d;brhy;
13. fis ? <if
14. cuk; ? td;brhy;
 432
234 ` f=;fh `

II. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitnaDk; MwDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 6 x 2 = 12

15. mwf;fjph; tpisa vjid vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpwhh;>
16. bgha;ifMH;thh; vjw;fhfg; ghkhiy Nl;odhh;>
17. bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fkhff; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWtJ ahJ>
18. `bghUs; VJk; ,y;yhj tPLfns ,y;iy~ ? vt;thW>
19. cHtu;fs; vg;nghJ ez;L gpoj;jdu;>
20. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; ahit>
21. fhf;if Vd; Fapy; F+;irg; nghfr;brhd;dJ>
22. fhapnj kpy;yj; bgah;f;fhuzk; gw;wp vGJf>
23. Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.
24. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; gw;wp je;ij bghpahh; TwpaJ ahJ>
III. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 3+2=5
25. `itafk; jfspah ~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; g[Jik tpsf;Fg; ghly;.
26. cWgrp vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
IV. vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6
27. cUtf mzpia tpsf;Ff.
j 28. ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ tpsf;Ff.

kp
29. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
30. mzp vd;why; vd;d>

H; 31.
V.
xU bgah;r;brhy; vg;nghJ MFbgah; MFk;>
fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;Fg; gj;J thpfspy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
32. m) g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
(my;yJ)
M) cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
33. m) xg;g[ut[f;F mofshu; jUk; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
(my;yJ)
M) jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpapy; eilbgWk; cHt[j; bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf.
VI. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
34. `cz;ik xsp~ glf;fijiaf; fijahfr; RUf;fp vGJf.

7 35. gpd;tUk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.

36. 
``vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;~~
c=;fs; Chpy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhitf; fhz tUkhW miHg;g[ tpLj;J
cwtpdh; xUtUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
37. fPHf
; f
; hQk; brhw;fisg; bgah;rb
; rhy;yhft[k; tpidr;brhy;yhft[k; bjhlh;fs; cUthf;Ff.
tpij/ fl;L/ go/ epyt[/ ehL/ ML  1x3=3

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