Assagment For Busnes
Assagment For Busnes
1
The projected income statement indicates that the project will be in a
profitable position through out its life. It is also liquid enough to discharge
its commitment.
To sum up, the market and financial appraisal of the project indicate that
the project has ample market prospect and financially viable and
profitable. More over, the project is ideally located and it will be led by
experienced staff. Therefore, it is worth implementing.
3
4. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
As a business entity, the immediate objective of the project is to generate
a reasonable profit/ income to the company through availing quality milk
and milk products to the society. More over, the project has the following
objectives:
● strive to attain optimum efficiency so as to provide customers with
better quality milk and milk products at reasonable price.
● Make own contribution to the poverty eradication activities and food
sustainability through availing nutritious food
Creating employment opportunities to surrounding people,
Modernizing the existing traditional cattle management trend, and
serving as a demonstration to local farmers,
Creating additional source of revenue for the government are major
direct benefits of the project.
5. MARKET STUDY
Dairy products are part of the average daily nutrition of family in many
rural areas on Ethiopia. However, the milk production potential of
indigenous cows is very low that only very small taunting is marketed by
farmer as milk, or as butter and cottage cheese. As a result, the market
has experienced serious shortages of dairy products particularly milk.
It is argued that three main forces, namely, population growth, change in
demand for live stock products, and change in availability of input and
technology are driving change in the livestock sub sector.
As urban population is increasing, market centers especially in Addis Ababa
are severely affected. Prices are also rising continually which is reflecting
the shortage of supply of the dairy products.
4
Apart from absolute growth of population, the rise in consumer’s income,
taste and preference for nutrition’s food will escalate the demand for daily
products. The average annual consumption of milk and milk products in
Addis Ababa is estimated to be 207 kg/ household (DDE, 2004). This is on
the higher side compared with the national per capita consumption of
19kg. According to FAO’s study biological need of milk is 100 litres per
person per annum.
Promoter of the project basically assumes to supply to Addis Ababa
residents and agro processors who supply to Addis. So the market study
concentrations on Addis Ababa.
6
5.2 supply structure of milk in Addis Ababa
The dairy sector in Ethiopia can be categorized based on market
orientation, scale, and production intensity. Doing so identifies three major
production systems. These are traditional smallholders, privatized state
farms, and urban and per urban systems.
The milk supply of Addis Ababa comes from Dairy Development enterprises
(DDE), Sebeta Agro industry, small scale producers operating in urban and
per-urban areas around Addis, as well as imports. Statistical data issued
from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2000E.C) indicates
that some 13,260 ton of milk is annually supplies to Addis Ababa from DDE
and Sebeta Agro Industry. Milk which is directly sold to consumers from
the urban and per-urban source is estimated as 49,243 ton. Import of milk
and milk products is reported as 2000 ton.
Assuming milk supply to grow at 3%/annum, supply projection of Addis
Ababa is indicated in the table below.
7
5.3 Demand and Supply Gap Projection
8
6. MARKETING STRATEGY
7. TECHNICAL STUDY
9
7.1 Location and Site selection
The envisaged project is to be implemented in Oromia Regional state,
North Showa Zone, Debre-Lebanos Woreda, Debre Tsige Town. It is
about 87km North West of Addis Ababa.
The project location and surrounding area are endowed with adequate and
improved feed which makes the site very ideal for the dairy cattle farming
sector. It is also very conducive landscape and environment for the cattle
farming and dairy processing.
Customarily, both the rural and urban residents of the area practice milk
cow rearing which ensures sustainable supply chain and grant availability
of experts and experienced employees.
Hence, Conducive environment of the place, existence of utilities, access
to the market, and availability of skilled manpower are some of the many
parameters for the site selection.
10
7.4 Machinery and Equipment
The company plans to include milk processing equipments at cottage level.
This will enable to minimize the risk of seasonal or unexpected sales cut.
There fore, equipments used to process butter, separate cream and the
like are included in the list.
11
8. HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
The project will have experienced staff during its implementation and
operation. Accordingly, it will create job opportunity for about 18 peoples
and will be staffed with skilled personnel who are easily available in the
community.
The Wages and salaries for these man-powers are presented as follows:
No Job category No Monthly Annual
Salary(Br) Salary(Br)
1 General Mgr 1 4,000 48,000
2 Dairy Supervisor 1 1,500 18,000
3 Accounting clerk 1 1,000 12,000
4 Veterinary 1 2,500 30,000
5 Milking workers 5 450 27,000
7 Barn cleaner 2 400 9,600
9 Drivers 1 600 7,200
11 Salesman 1 800 9,600
13 Cashier 1 600 7,200
14 Guards 4 350 16,800
Total 185,400
Training: The project has planned to provide both on the job and off the
job training to its staff. This will enable to increase productively of man
power and enhance efficient utilization of resources that enable to create
development oriented insertions. Moreover, rich experience of the farm
manager will enable to easily conduct the job.
13
10.2 Herd Projection
a) Number of cows is 50 and milking cows to dry cow’s ratio is assumed to
be 80% while the reproduction ratio is taken as 85%. Hence 2/3 of the
cows give birth in a specific year.
b) Sex ratio between m and f calves delivery 50%:50%
c) Mortality and culling ratio is assumed as follow:
TYEP MORTALITY CULLING PRICE IN BIRR
cows 2% >50 15,000
Calves male ,female 10% 100% 500
Heifers
Feed type price Bull Cow 1-2yrs 2-3yrs Calves
concentrate 2 4 5 2 3 1.5
non
concentrations 0.80 8 5 3 3 1
Milk 747 986 1,028 1,072 1,080 1,080 1,081 1,081 1,081 1,081
Total income 753 994 1,036 1,186 1,254 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269 1,269
1 24 25 27 27 27 27 27 27
Feed 91 0 8 3 7 7 7 7 277 7
salary 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 273 28
15
85 4 4 4 5 6 8 0 7
1 12 11 9 8 7 5 3
interest 32 2 1 9 6 1 6 9 20 3
1 13 13 13 13 10 10 10 10
Depreciation 33 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 102 2
1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Repair & main. 17 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 25 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Utilities 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Fuel 36 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 36 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Medicine 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Miscellaneous 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
7 77 78 80 80 77 77 76 75
Total Expense 22 1 9 2 5 2 0 6 761 9
Profit before tax 31 223 247 383 449 497 499 503 508 510
Net income 22 156 173 268 314 348 350 352 355 357
Minus: Loan rep. 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 246 246
Net Cash inflow 3 147 175 282 341 421 438 457 479 498
Cummulative 3 150 325 607 948 1,369 1,807 2,264 2,743 3,241
Present Value 2.73 124.90 136.98 203.70 226.81 258.05 247.15 237.92 229.98 220.18
Some of the social and economic values the project contributes are:
1. It offers gainful employment opportunities
16
2. It creates linkage effects in the economy through transferring
knowledge to the local community, supplying grade breed animals,
promoting agricultural commercialization and similar activities
3. Generates revenue to the government in the form of income tax
4. Indirectly helps to save foreign currency spent on import of milk
products.
12. CONCLUSION
-The growing demand for the dairy products is promising for the
promoters and the country. It is also encouraging that conducive
environment, skilled man power and other in puts which enable to
engage in the sector are available.
-Financial analysis on pay back period and profitability clearly show that
the project is feasible. More over, the socio-economic contributions of
the project imply that it is beneficial to the society.
There fore, it is worth implementing the envisaged project.
Annex
concentrate non-concentrate
per per
head price cost head price cost total
17
bull 4 2 8 8 0.8 6.4 8.8
cow 5 2 10 5 0.8 4 10.8
heifers 1-2yrs 2 2 4 3 0.8 2.4 4.8
heifers 2-3
yrs 3 2 6 3 0.8 2.4 6.8
calves 1.5 2 3 1 0.8 0.8 3.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
bull Qty 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42 6,42
T. cost 4 4 6,424 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
cow Qty 39 48 47 49 50 50 50 50 50 50
T. cost 154,526 190,856 187,039 195,124 196,618 196,628 196,637 196,646 196,656 196,664
heifers 2-3yrs Qty 10 - 10 12 13 13 13 13 13 13
T. cost 17,520 - 17,520 21,670 22,776 22,776 22,776 22,776 22,776 22,776
heifers 1-2
yrs Qty - 11 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
T. cost - 27,688 32,316 33,514 34,962 35,230 35,232 35,233 35,235 35,237
calves Qty 12 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
T. cost 12,535 14,630 15,172 15,828 15,949 15,950 15,951 15,952 15,952 15,953
Total Cost 191,005 239,598 258,471 272,560 276,730 277,008 277,020 277,032 277,043 277,054
B) PROJECTION of HERD
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Breeding cows 40 39 48 47 49 50 50 50 50 50
18
1
death(2%) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
culls 0 0 7 11 12 12 12 12 12
Icrease 0 10 0 10 12 13 13 13 13 13
closing number 39 48 47 49 50 50 50 50 50 50
Heifers(2-3 yr) 10 0 11 13 14 14 14 14 14 14
death(5%) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
culls
closing number 10 0 10 12 13 13 13 13 13 13
Heifers(1-2 yr) 0 12 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
death(7%) 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
culls
closing number 0 11 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
Natural increase
Male calves 13 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
culls(100%) 13 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
Female calves 13 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17
death(10%) 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
closing number 12 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
wastage 8,967 11,814 12,301 12,833 12,931 12,931 12,932 12,933 12,933 12,934
Available for sale 165,975 219,024 228,392 238,265 240,089 240,101 240,112 240,124 240,135 240,146
income sale of
milk 746,886 985,609 1,027,763 1,072,191 1,080,401 1,080,454 1,080,506 1,080,556 1,080,606 1,080,655
calves 6,500 8,000 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500 8,500
income from
culling 6,500 8,000 8,500 113,500 173,500 188,500 188,500 188,500 188,500 188,500
Total income 753,386 993,609 1,036,263 1,185,691 1,253,901 1,268,954 1,269,006 1,269,056 1,269,106 1,269,155
Monthly Loan repayment of Br 1,563,670 with 6ms grace period int. of Br 39,327 for 10 yrs
23