CLUSTER I: GENERAL AND ORAL ANATOMY;GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

GENERAL AND ORAL ANATOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

a. At birth, which of the following portion of the digestive tract is:

structures is nearest the size it will a. Large Intestine
eventually attain in adulthood? b.Esophagus
a. Cranium c. Small Intestine
b. Mandible d. Pharynx
c. Middle face e.Rectum
d. Nasal capsule
h. Common opening of the common bile
b. When lowering the floor of the mouth of duct and pancreatic duct in the
a patient, a practitioner detaches all or duodenum:
part of which muscles? a. Major duodena duct
a. Mylohyoid and Geniohyoid b. Common bile orifice
b.Mylohyoid and Buccinator c. Minor duodenal duct
c. Mylohyoid and Genioglossus d. Ampulla of vater
d. Geniohyoid and Genioglossus e. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
e.Buccinator and Genioglossus
i. This is smooth muscle that helps eject
c. The pterygomandibular raphe is a urine from the bladder:
tendon between which muscle? a. Dartos muscle
a. Stapedius and Stylohyoid b. Detrussor muscle
b.Buccinator and Superior Constrictor c. Trigone
c. Medial Pterygoid and Lateral d. Myometrium
Pterygoid e.Bulbospongiosus
d.Levator Veli Palatine and Tensor Veli
Palatini j. The cranial nerves that are associated
e. Anterior Belly of Digastric and with the tongue:
Sternocleidomastoid 1. CN 5
2. CN 7
d. Which of the following contributes 3. CN 9
principally to the increase in height of 4. CN 11
maxillary bones? 5. CN 12
a. Sutural growth a. 1,2,3&4
b. Alveolar growth b.2,3,4&5
c. Apposition on the tuberosity c. 1,2,4&5
d. Apposition on the anterior surface d.1,2,3&5
e.2,3&5
e. Fracture through the angle of the
mandible can result in an upward k. The foramen where the CSF passes
displacement of the proximal fragment. were:
Which of the following groups of 1. Iter
muscles produces this movement? 2. Stensen’s
a. Digastric and Geniohyoid 3. Magendie
b.Masseter, Digastric, and Lateral 4. Monro
Pterygoid 5. Luschka
c. Masseter, Temporal and lateral a. 1,2,3&4
Pterygoid b. 2,3,4&5
d. Masseter, Temporal and Medial c. 1,3,4&5
Pterygoid d. 1,3&5
e. 2,3&5
f. The following are classified as mixed
cranial nerves: l. In performing tracheostomy, the
I. CN 5 III.CN 9 V.CN 12 involved triangle is the:
II. CN 7 IV.CN 11 a.Carotid triangle
a.1,2&3 b. Muscular triangle
b.2,3&4 c. Submandibular triangle
c. 3,4&5 d. Submental triangle
d.1,4&5 e.Subclavian triangle
1
e.4&5

g. The longest and most convoluted

CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

m. Indentation in the medial border of the be the circular muscles of the pharynx?
kidney’s for the passage of renal vessels a. Superior constrictor
and ureters: b.Stylopharyngeus
a. Renal hiatus c. Palatopharyngeus
b. Renal sinus d.Middle constrictor
c. Renal pelvis e.Inferior constrictor
d. Renal hilus f. Salpingopharyngeus
e. Renal orifice a. 1,2&3
b. 2,3&5
n. Inner layer of the dura mater between c. 1,4&6
cerebral hemispheres cerebellum: d. 1,4&5
a. Longitudinal e. 2,4&5
b.Central sulcus
c. Transverse cerebri s. Which lobe of the cerebrum is
d. Falx cerebri responsible for hearing?
e.Falx cerebelli a.Temporal lobe
b.Occipital lobe
o. The liver is one of the two organ, along c. Frontal lobe
with the lungs, to receive a dual blood d. Parietal lobe
supply. Which two structures are
responsible for that dual blood supply to t. Which structures make up the
the liver? brainstem?
a. Common carotid artery 1.Diencephalon
b.Hepatic artery? 2.Pons
c. Splanchnic vein 3.Medulla oblongata
d.Hepatic portal vein 4.Mesencephalon
a. 1&2 a. 1,2&3
b.2&3 b. 2,3&4
c. 3&4 c. 2&3
d.2&4 d. 2&4
e.1&4 e. 1,2,3&4

p. Which chamber of the heart receives u. Non-neuronal tissue of the CNS that
blood from the superior and inferior performs supportive and other ancillary
vena cava and also from the anterior functions is called:
cardiac veins? a. Dermatome
a.Right atrium b. Neuroglia
b.Left atrium c. Bursa
c. Right ventricle d. Synapse
d. Left ventricle
v. The cardiac notch is a deep indentation
q. Which two muscles below form a sling on the:
around the angle of the mandible? a.Superior lobe of the left lung
1. Buccinator muscle b.Inferior lobe of the left lung
2. Masseter muscle c. Inferior lobe of the right lung
3. Medial pterygoid muscle d. Middle lobe of the right lung
4. Lateral pterygoid muscle e.Superior lobe of the right lung
a. 1&2
b. 2&3 w. During an inferior alveolar block
c. 3&4 injection, the needle passes through the
d. 1&3 mucous and the buccinator muscle and
e. 1&4 lies lateral to which muscle?
a. Masseter
b. Temporalis
c. Medial pterygoid
d. Lateral pterygoid

x. The internal acoustic meatus transmits

r. Which three muscles are considered to which two of ff. structures?
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

a. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) b. Cingulum

b.Trigeminal nerve (CN V) c. Mamelons
c. Facial nerve (CN VII) d. Tubercles
d.Vagus nerve (CN X) e. Lingual pit
a. 1&2
b. 2&3 ee. Mesial developmental depression is a
c. 1&3 characteristic feature of which
d. 1&4 premolar?
e. 2&4 a. Maxillary 1st
y. Which of the following is the best way to b. Maxillary 2nd
palpate the posterior aspect of the c. Mandibular 2nd 2-cusp
mandibular condyle? d. Mandibular 2nd 3-cusp
a. Intraorally
b. Through the external auditory ff. “Primate spaces” in the primary
meatus dentition are found in which two
c. Lateral to the external auditory locations?
meatus a. In the maxillary arch, located between
d. Any of the above the central & lateral incisors
b.In the maxillary arch, located between
z. When a permanent tooth clinically the lateral incisors & canines
emerges, how much of the root c. In the mandibular arch, located
structure is most likely to have between the canines & first molars
developed? d.In the mandibular arch, located
a. 1/4 between the lateral incisors & canines
b. 1/3 a. 1&2
c. 2/3 b. 2&3
d. 4/5 c. 3&4
d. 1&4
aa. Where is the orifice to the fourth canal e. 2&4
in a maxillary first molar usually found? f. 1&3
a. Under the distofacial cusp
b. Lingual to the orifice of the gg. Anterior teeth whose cingulum are
mesiofacial canal located off center to the distal.
c. On a line running from the palatal 1.Maxillary centrals
orifice to the distofacial orifice 2.Maxillary laterals
d. On a line running from the distofacial 3.Maxillary canines
orifice to the mesiofacial orifice 4.Mandibular canines
5.Mandibular centrals
bb. Which of the following eruption 6.Mandibular laterals
sequences is most commonly found in 7.Mandibular canines
the primary dentition? a. 1,2,4&5
a. Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, b. 1,2,4,5&6
first molar, second molar c. 1,3,4,5&6
b. Central incisor, lateral incisor, first d. 2,3&4
molar, canine second molar e. 1,5&6
c. First molar, central incisor, lateral
incisor, canine, second molar hh. During a working side movement of the
d. First molar, central incisor, lateral mandible, the oblique ridge of a
incisor, second molar, canine maxillary first molar passes through
which sulcus of a permanent mandibular
cc. Which among the permanent molars first molar?
develops from 5 lobes? a. Mesiobuccal sulcus
a. Maxillary 1st b. Distobuccal sulcus
b.Maxillary 2nd c. Mesiolingual sulcus
c. Mandibular 1st d. Distolingual sulcus
d. Mandibular 2nd
e.Third molars

ii. How many planes of movement can the

dd. The lingual lobe of an anterior teeth is mandible move in?
referred to as the: a. One
a. Lingual ridge b. Two
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

c. Three oo. The part of the tooth that is exposed to

d. Four the oral cavity is referred to as:
a.Clinical crown
jj. b.Anatomic crown
Cusp of carabelli is found on which cusp c. Clinical root
d. Anatomic root
of maxillary first molar? e.Both a&b
a.
Mesiobuccal cusp
pp. Oblique ridges f maxillary molars are
b.
Mesiolingual cusp formed by which two triangular ridges
c. (TR)?
Distobuccal cusp a. Mesial TR of mesiolingual cusp
d. b.Distal of TR of mesiolingual cusp
Distolingual cusp c. TR of distobuccal cusp
kk. Cervical contours are closely related to d.TR of distolingual cusp
the attachment of gingival at the neck of a. 1&3
the tooth. The greatest contours of the b. 1&4
cervical lines and gingival attachments c. 2&3
occur on which of the following d. 2&4
surfaces? e. 1&4
a. Distal surfaces of anterior teeth
b.Distal surfaces of posterior teeth qq. Which among the premolars develops
c. Mesial surfaces of anterior teeth from 5 lobes?
d. Mesial surfaces of posterior teeth a. Maxillary 1st
b.Maxillary 2nd
ll. The surfaces of teeth that have a c. Mandibular 1st
trapezoidal outline: d. Mandibular 2nd 2-cusp type
1.Lingual of posterior teeth e.Mandibular 2nd 3-cusp-type
2.Labial of anterior teeth
3.Buccal of posterior teeth rr. The mandibular molars have an
4.Proximal of posterior teeth inclination towards what direction?
a.1,2&3 a. Facially
b.2,3&4 b. Lingually
c. 2&3 only c. Neither facially nor lingually
d.1,2&4 d. Both, depending on type of
e.1 only mandibular molars

mm.Occlusocervically, the height of the ss. Y-shaped groove is characteristic of:

distal marginal ridge of a permanent first a. Maxillary 1st
molar is the same height as: b.Maxillary 2nd
a. The mesial marginal ridge of a c. Mandibular 1st
permanent maxillary 2nd premolar d. Mandibular 2nd 2-cusp type
b.The mesial marginal ridge of a e.Mandibular 2nd 3-cusp type
permanent mandibular first molar
c. The mesial marginal ridge of a tt. This molar presents cusps that are
permanent maxillary 2nd molar almost equal in size:
d. The distal marginal ridge of a a. Maxillary 1st
permanent maxillary 2nd molar b.Maxillary 2nd
c. Mandibular 1st
nn. The axial surfaces of teeth that have a d. Mandibular 2nd
rhomboidal outline? e.Third molars
a. Mesial and distal of maxillary posterior
teeth uu. This molar presents buccal roots that are
b. Mesial and distal of mandibular plier-handle in shape?
posterior teeth a.Maxillary 1st
c. Lingual of maxillary posterior teeth b.Maxillary 2nd
d. Buccal of maxillary posterior teeth c. Mandibular 1st
e.Buccal of mandibular posterior teeth d. Mandibular 2nd
e. Third molars
4
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

vv. One of it’s distinguishing landmark is the ccc. Kinesthesia:

mesiolingual developmental groove: a. Rate receptors
a. Maxillary 1st b. Position senses
b.Maxillary 2nd c. Phasic receptors
c. Mandibular 1st d. Both a & b
d. Mandibular 2nd e. Both b & c
e.Third molars
ddd. Intensity of this taste sensation is
ww. This molar presents two major and two approximately proportional to the
minor fossae? logarithm of the hydrogen ion
a.Maxillary 1st concentration:
b.Maxillary 2nd a. Sweet
c. Mandibular 1st b.Salty
d. Mandibular 2nd c. Sour
e.Third molars d. Bitter
e.None of these

eee. Which of the following is derived from

xx. A well-developed transverse ridge is the unsaturated fatty acids in cell
found on the occlusal of this tooth? membranes?
a. Maxillary 1st molar a. Histamine
b.Maxillary 2nd premolar b.Serotonin
c. Mandibular 1st premolar c. Prostaglandins
d. Mandibular 2nd 3-cusp type d. Bradykinins
e.Endorphine
yy. Maximum volume to which the lungs
can be expanded with the greatest fff. After a threshold stimulus, the cell-
possible inspiratory effort: membrane permeability becomes
a. 2,300mL altered. The liberation of which of the
b. 5,800mL following transmitter substances causes
c. 3,500mL this alteration?
d. 4,600mL a.Acetylcholine
e.5,00mL b.Cholinesterase
c. Hydroxycholine
zz. Signals entering a neuronal pool excite d. Acetylsalicylic acid
far greater numbers of nerve fibers
leaving the pool: ggg. Which of the following cranial nerves
a. Convergence have parasympathetic activity?
b. Divergence a. I, III, VII, IX
c. Reverbatory circuit b.II, V, IX, X
d. Both a&b c. III, V,VII, IX
d. III, VII, IX,X
aaa. Tactile cells of Merkel: e.V, VII,VIII, X
a. Determine texture of what is felt
b. Important in localizing touch hhh. Succinylcholine blocks neuromuscular
sensations transmission by:
c. Detect tissue vibration a. Inhibiting cholinesterase
d. Both a&b b.Inhibiting the CNS
e.Both b&c c. Depolarizing the motor endplate of
skeletal muscle
bbb. Sensations transmitted by anterolateral d. Inducing formation of cholinesterase
system: at the endplate
1.Pain e.Blocking release of acetylcholine at
2.Crude touch the endplate
3.Tickle & itch
4.Position sensations
5.Sexual sensations
a. 1,2,3&4
b. 1,2,3&5
5
c. 2,3,4&5
d. 1,3,4&5
e. 5 only

iii. Gastric secretion is regulated by which

CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

two mechanisms? a. Mechanoreceptors

a. Counter-current mechanism b. Photoreceptors
b. Neural mechanism c. Chemoreceptors
c. Hormonal mechanism d. Thermoreceptors
d. Immunological mechanism
a. 1&2 qqq. The action potential is an explosion of
b. 2&3 electrical activity that is created by:
c. 3&4 a. Polarizing current
d. 1&3 b. Depolarizing current
e. 2&4 c. Repolarizing current
d. Both B&C
jjj. Which of the following represents the
standard bipolar limb lead 1 of the ECG? rrr. The difference in electrical charge
a.Right arm (-) and left arm (+) between the inside and the outside of
b.Right arm (-) and left leg (+) the cell membrane of an unstimulated
c. Left arm (-) and left leg (+) (nonconducting) neuron is called the:
d. Left arm (-) and right leg (+) a.Relative refractory potential
b.Action potential
kkk. Which valve composed of two cusps that c.Resting membrane potential
prevent a backflow of blood from the d.Absolute refractory potential
left ventricle to the left atrium during
ventricular contraction? sss. Ovulation occurs as a result of:
a. Tricuspid valve a. The progesterone-induced LH surge
b. Mitral valve b.The estrogen-induced FSH surge
c. Pulmonary valve c. The progesterone-induced FSH surge
d. Aortic valve d. The estrogen-induced LH surge

lll. Which of the following substances is ttt. Which receptors are stimulated by
filtered but not reabsorbed by the distention of the lungs?
kidney tubules? a. Irritant receptors
a. Sodium chloride b. Joint receptors
b. Inulin c. Lung stretch receptors
c. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) d. Joint and muscle receptors
d. Glucose
uuu. Alveolar ventilation is expressed as:
mmm. Which of the following substances is a. Respiratory rate x (Tidal volume +
filtered but not reabsorbed by the Dead space)
kidney tubules? b. Respiratory rate + (Tidal volume +
a. Sodium chloride Dead space)
b. Inulin c. Respiratory rate x (Tidal volume -
c. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) Dead space)
d. Glucose d. Respiratory rate - (Tidal volume -
Dead space)
nnn. The pitch of a sound is related mainly to
which of the following characteristics of vvv. When the lungs are in resting position,
a sound wave? the pressure within them, which is called
a.Amplitude of waves the intrapulmonary pressure, is
b.Frequency of waves equivalent to which of the following?
c. Superimposed wave a. Blood pressure
d. Secondary waves b. Critical pressure
e.Length of waves c. Atmospheric pressure
d. Transmural pressure
ooo. Muscle cells use which of the following
to store energy? www. The unpleasant sensation of difficulty
a. NADH in breathing is called:
b.FADH2 a. Hypercapnea
c. Creatinine Phosphate b. Dyspnea
d. Phosphoenolpyruvte c. Hypocapnea
d. Apnea
6

xxx. In serial extraction procedures, concerns

ppp. Rods and cones of the retina are about the eruption sequence are usually
examples of: related to the eruption pattern of which
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

permanent teeth? incline of mandibular

a. Maxillary canines and first premolars b. Distal incline of maxillary, Mesial
b. Mandibular first and second premolars incline of mandibular
c. Mandibular first molars and incisors c. Mesial incline of maxillary, Mesial
d. Mandibular canines and first incline of mandibular
premolars d. Distal incline of maxillary, Distal incline
of mandibular
yyy. The space for the eruption of permanent
mandibular second and third molars is eeee. Speech problems associated with cleft
created by the: lip and palate are usually the result of:
a. Apposition of the alveolar process a. Poor tongue control that produces
b. Apposition of the anterior border of lisping
the ramus b. The inability of soft palate to close
c. Resorption at the anterior border of airflow into the nasal area
the ramus c. The inability of the tongue to close
d. Resorption at the posterior border of airflow from the epiglottis
the ramus d. Missing teeth that make formation of
articulation sounds by the tongue
zzz. When using an occlusal separator, a difficult
practitioner can expect which of the e. Poor lip musculature or heavy scars in
following types of TMJ disorders to the lips that limit vowel sound
respond most favorably? production
a. Chronic dislocation
b. Muscle spasm ffff. The mandible in its physiologic rest or
c. Capsular fibrosis postural resting position has:
d. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia a. Slight contact of teeth
b. Maximum contact of teeth
aaaa. When a patient opens his mouth, c. No contact
there is an audible click. Which of the d. Premature contact
following represents the most plausible e. slanted
explanation?
a. The joint capsule has thickened gggg. This is a position assumed by the jaw
b. The disk and condyle lack functional when it is not engaged in any activity:
coordination a. Initial contact
c. The articular eminence has flattened b. Physiologic rest position
d. The medial pterygoid muscle is in c. Centric occlusion
spasm. d. Habitual occlusal position

bbbb. A fracture through the neck of the hhhh. When lowering the floor of the mouth
condyle can result in the forward of a patient, a dentist detaches all or
displacement of the condylar head part of which muscles?
because of the pull of which of the a. Mylohyoid and geniohyoid
following muscles? b. Mylohyoid and buccinator
a. Temporal c. Mylohyoid and genioglossus
b. Masseter d. Geniohyoid and genioglossus
c. Buccinator e. Buccinator and genioglossus
d. Medial Pterygoid
e. Lateral Pterygoid iiii. Which makes plays an subsidiary role in
mastication?
cccc. Which of the following is the most a. Masseter
likely an indication for splinting? b. Lateral Pterygoid
a. Primary occlusal trauma c. Buccinator
b. Mobility with patient discomfort d. Medial Pterygoid
c. Mobility with a decrease in tissue e. Temporalis
quality, secondary to hormonal
imbalance.
d. Mobility related to a unilateral “skid”
from centric relation to centric
occlusion
7
jjjj. Bilateral contraction of the posterior
dddd. In a protrusive condylar movement, fibers of the temporalis muscle results
interferences can occur between which in:
posterior cusp inclines? a.Retrusion
a. Mesial incline of maxillary, Distal b.Protrusion
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

c. Opening b. Oblique
d. Closing c. Horizontal
e.None of these d. Alveolar crest

kkkk. Which of the following jaw positions is qqqq. When the mouth is open, there is
determined almost exclusively by the more interocclusal distance anteriorly
behavior of the musculature? than posteriorly because of the:
a. Postural a. Curve of spee
b. Intercuspal b. Shape of the articular eminence
c. Retruded contact c. Anterior inclination of the teeth
d. Protruded contact d. Rotary nature of the opening-closing
movements
llll. When the teeth are in centric occlusion,
the position of the mandible in relation rrrr. In the dentulous mouth, placing the
to the maxilla is primarily determined by mandible in the retruded path of closure
the: usually results in:
a. Intercuspation of teeth a. An increase in occlusal vertical
b. Presence or absence of diastema dimension
c. Tonus of muscles of head and neck b. An increase in horizontal overlap
d. Ligaments of the TMJ c. A decrease in vertical overlap
d. All of the above
mmmm. The non-working condyle performs e. Both A&B
which of the following movements?
a. Straight and Forward ssss. In the intercuspal position, facial cusps
b. Downward, Forward and Lateral of mandibular teeth occlude with:
c. Downward, Forward and Medial a. Fossae only
d. Downward, Backward and Medial b. Grooves and embrasures
c. Fossae and marginal ridges only
nnnn. During non-masticatory swallowing, d. Fossae, marginal ridges and
teeth are usually: embrasures
a. Protruded
b. In a working arrangement tttt. Which of the following occur normally
c. In contact in intercuspal position during the act of swallowing?
d. None of the above. This is a non- a. Masseter muscles contract
existent act. b.The suprahyoid group of muscles
relaxes
oooo. In periodontal structures, normal c. Teeth come into occlusal contact
interdental osseous architecture is d.The tip of the tongue touches the roof
influenced to the greatest extent by of the mouth
which of the following? a.1, 2 & 3
a. Proximal CEJ of adjacent teeth at the b. 1, 2 & 4
same level c. 1, 3 & 4
b. Convex coronal facial contours located d. 2, 3 & 4
in the gingival thirds e. 1, 2, 3 & 4
c. Convex coronal lingual contours
located in the middle thirds uuuu. Contraction of the posterior fibers of
d. Occlusal table of posterior teeth being the temporalis muscle results in the
50-60% of the faciolingual overall mandible:
widths of teeth a. Closing
b. Retruding
c. Protruding
d. Opening with translation
e. Opening without translation

vvvv. The muscle of mastication that is

8
pppp. Which of the following groups of primarily responsible for synchronizing
fibers of the periodontal ligament is the movement of the condyle and the
most resistant to forces along the long articular disc is the:
axis of a tooth? a. Masseter
a. Apical b.Temporalis
CLUSTER 1: GENERAL AND ORAL ANTOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

c. Internal pterygoid
d. External pterygoid