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Algebra of Functions Composition Symmetry

The document discusses several topics in algebra of functions including: - The algebra of sums, differences, products, and quotients of functions - Composition of functions and decomposing a function as a composition - Symmetry of functions with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and origin - Even and odd functions Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts and algebraic tests are given to determine symmetry of graphs.

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96 views

Algebra of Functions Composition Symmetry

The document discusses several topics in algebra of functions including: - The algebra of sums, differences, products, and quotients of functions - Composition of functions and decomposing a function as a composition - Symmetry of functions with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and origin - Even and odd functions Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts and algebraic tests are given to determine symmetry of graphs.

Uploaded by

Jerson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algebra of Functions; Composition of Functions;

Symmetry
The Algebra of Functions: Sums, Differences, Products, and Quotients
If f and g are functions and x is in the domain of each function, then:

( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x )
( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )
( fg ) ( x )=f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )

( fg ) ( x )= gf ((x)x) , providedg(x )≠ 0.
Example: Given that f ( x )=x 2−3 and g ( x )=2 x +1, find each of the following, if it exists.

a) ( f + g )( 5 ) b) ( f −g ) (−1 )

c) ( fg ) ( 2 ) d) ( fg )( −12 )

Example: Given that h ( x )=x +4 and g ( x )=√ x−1, find each of the following, if it exists.

a) ( g+h)(1) b) (h−g)(−4 )

c) ( gh)(10) d) ( hg )(1)
Example: Use the graphs of f and g to find the indicated value.
a) ( f + g )( 5 )=¿
b) ( g−f ) ( 7 )=¿

c) ( fg ) ( 8 ) =¿

d) ( fg ) ( 6)=¿
e) What is the domain of ( gf )?
Domains of f +g , f −g , fg, and f /g
If f and g are functions, then the domain of the functions f + g, f - g, and fg is the intersection of the domain of f and the
domain of g. The domain of f/g is also the intersection of the domains of f and g with the exclusion of any x-values for
which g ( x )=0.

Example: Let f ( x )=2 x +3 and g ( x )=3−5 x .

1. Find ( f + g)( x) and state the domain. 2. Find ( f −g)(x) and state the domain.

3. Find ( fg)( x ) and state the domain. 4. Find ( fg )(x ) and state the domain.

Example: Let f ( x )=x +2 and g ( x )=√ x−1.

1. Find ( f + g)( x) and state the domain. 2. Find ( g−f )(x) and state the domain.

3. Find ( fg)( x ) and state the domain. 4. Find ( gf )(x ) and state the domain.
Difference Quotient
The difference quotient tells us the average rate of change between
two points on a nonlinear function. In the diagram to the right, this
would be the slope of the secant line.

f ( x+ h )−f ( x )
h

Example: For each function, construct and simplify the difference


quotient.

a) f ( x )=3 x−5

b) f ( x )=3 x 2−2 x+ 1

Composition of Functions
The composite function f ∘ g, the composition of f and g, is defined as( f ∘ g )( x )=f (g ( x )) , where x is in the domain of g
and g( x ) is in the domain of f.

Example: Given that f ( x )=2 x−5 and g ( x )=x 2−3 x+ 8, find each of the following.

a) ( f ∘ g)(2) b) ( f ∘ g)(x)

c) ( g ∘ f )(2) d) ( g ∘ f )(x)
Example: Given that f ( x )=3 x +2 and g ( x )=√ x, find ( f ∘ g)( x) and ( g ∘ f )(x) and state the domain of each.

Example: A manufacturer of tools, selling rechargeable drills to a chain of home improvement stores, charges $6 more
per drill than its manufacturing cost m. The stores then sell each drill for 150% of the price that it paid the manufacturer.
Find a function P(m) for the price at the home improvement stores.

Decomposing a Function as a Composition


In calculus, one often needs to recognize how a function can be expressed as the composition of two functions. In this
way, we are “decomposing” the function.

Example: Find f (x) and g( x ) such thath ( x )=( f ∘ g ) ( x ) . There may be more than one answer.

a) h ( x )=( 2 x−3 )5

1
b) h ( x )=
√ 3 x +7

c) h ( x )=( x +2 )3−5 ( x+ 2 )2+3 ( x +2 )−1


Symmetry
A knowledge of symmetry in mathematics helps us graph and analyze equations and functions. There are three types of
symmetry.

Symmetric w/ respect to the x-axis Symmetric w/ respect to the y-axis Symmetric w/ respect to the origin
Example: Determine whether each graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin.

Example: Find the point that is symmetric to the given point with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin.

a) (−5 , 6)

b) (−10 ,−7)

Algebraic Tests of Symmetry


 x-axis: If replacing y with -y produces an equivalent equation, then the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-
axis.
 y-axis: If replacing x with -x produces an equivalent equation, then the graph is symmetric with respect to the y-
axis.
 Origin: If replacing x with -x and y with -y produces an equivalent equation, then the graph is symmetric with
respect to the origin.

Example: Determine whether the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin.

1. 5 x−5 y=0

2. 3 x 2−2 y 2=3
3. y=|2 x|

Even and Odd Functions


 Even functions have graphs that are symmetric with respect to the y-axis, so f ( x )=f (−x ).
 Odd functions have graphs that are symmetric with respect to the origin, so f (−x )=−f ( x ) .
 Except for the function f ( x )=0, a function cannot be both even and odd.

Example: Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither.

1. f ( x )=5 x 2 +2 x 4 −1 2. f ( x )=−3 x 3 +2 x 3. f ( x )=7 x 3 +4 x−2

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