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Lecture 29 Bode Plots PDF

This document is a lecture on frequency response and Bode plots. It discusses the magnitude and phase behavior of different types of transfer functions including: 1) Constant functions which have a flat magnitude and zero phase response. 2) Poles and zeros at the origin which have magnitude slopes of ±20dB/decade and phase slopes of ±90° per decade. 3) First order systems which have a 0dB magnitude at low frequencies, a peak or dip of ±3dB at the break frequency, and a slope of ±20dB/decade at high frequencies. The phase is 0° at low frequencies, ±45° at the break frequency, and ±90° per decade at high frequencies

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VEMIREDDY CHANDRA TEJ
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© © All Rights Reserved
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54 views

Lecture 29 Bode Plots PDF

This document is a lecture on frequency response and Bode plots. It discusses the magnitude and phase behavior of different types of transfer functions including: 1) Constant functions which have a flat magnitude and zero phase response. 2) Poles and zeros at the origin which have magnitude slopes of ±20dB/decade and phase slopes of ±90° per decade. 3) First order systems which have a 0dB magnitude at low frequencies, a peak or dip of ±3dB at the break frequency, and a slope of ±20dB/decade at high frequencies. The phase is 0° at low frequencies, ±45° at the break frequency, and ±90° per decade at high frequencies

Uploaded by

VEMIREDDY CHANDRA TEJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 29

Instructor
Dr. Alivelu M Parimi

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION


Frequency Response

Normalized and scaled


Bode plots for
a. G(s) = s;
b. G(s) = 1/s;
c. G(s) = (s + a);
d. G(s) = 1/(s + a)

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Consider the transfer function:

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION


The magnitude is given by

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION


Case 1) ω<<ω0. This is the low frequency case. We can write an
approximation for the magnitude of the transfer function

The low frequency approximation is shown in red on the diagram


below.

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION


Case 2) ω>>ω0. This is the high frequency case. We can write an
approximation for the magnitude of the transfer function

The high frequency approximation is at shown in green on the diagram below. It


is a straight line with a slope of -40 dB/decade going through the break frequency at
0 dB. That is, for every factor of 10 increase in frequency, the magnitude drops by
40 dB.

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For the magnitude plot of complex conjugate poles draw a 0 dB at low
frequencies, go through a peak of height,

at the break frequency and then drop at 40 dB per decade (i.e., the
slope is -40 dB/decade). The high frequency asymptote goes through the
break frequency.

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Phase
The phase of a complex conjugate pole is given by is given by

Let us again consider three cases for the value of the frequency:
Case 1) ω<<ω0. This is the low frequency case. At these frequencies We can write an approximation
for the phase of the transfer function

The low frequency approximation is shown in red on the diagram below.

Case 2) ω>>ω0. This is the high frequency case. We can write an approximation for the phase of the
transfer function

The high frequency approximation is at shown in green on the diagram below. It is a straight line at -
180°.

Case 3) ω=ω0. The break frequency. At this frequency

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ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
A complex pair of zeros yields results
similar to that for a complex pair of
poles.

The differences are that the magnitude


has a dip instead of a peak, the
magnitude increases above the break
frequency and the phase increases rather
than decreasing.

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ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
Magnitude Behavior Phase Behavior
Factor Low Break Asymptotic Low Break Asymptotic
Freq Freq

Constant 20 log10(K) for all frequencies 0 for all frequencies


Poles or ±20N dB/decade for all ±90(N) for all frequencies
zeros at origin frequencies with a crossover of
0 dB at ω=1
First order 0 dB ±3N dB ±20N 0 ±45(N) with ±90(N)
(simple) poles at ω=1/ dB/decade slope ±45(N)
or zeros per decade
Quadratic 0 dB see ζ at ±40N 0 ±90(N) ±180(N)
poles or zeros ω=1/ dB/decade

where N is the number of roots of value τ

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION


ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION
Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer
function:

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION

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