EC314-C PROJECT REPORT

Digital Thermometer
using LM35 Temperature
sensor and Arduino

Submitted by:
Himanshu Kumar Yadav
(2017109) Omkar Yadav
(2017173)
Shubham Jaiswal (2017251)
PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design &
Introduction
As we know that Thermometers have become an essential item
nowdays and being used since long time for measuring
temperature. Although from ancient time we have been using
mercury based thermometer which has many drawbacks so to
overcome that we came up to this idea. Under this project we
have made an Arduino based digital thermometer which display
the current ambient temperature and temperature changes on a
LCD unit in real time . It can be used in houses, hospitals,
industries etc. to measure the temperature. This project includes
an Arduino which communicates with a temperature sensor
commonly known as LM35 and a 16x2 LCD display unit. Here we
can divide this project into three parts - First part being sensing
the temperature using LM35 temperature sensor, second part
involves conversion of value of temperature into an appropriate
numbers in Celsius scale which is performed through Arduino
coding, and last part of system is to display the correct
temperature on LCD screen.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 2

Arduino
Problem Statement
This project is about designing a Digital thermometer using LM35
Temperature sensor, an Arduino UNO and few other components.
The main aim of the project is to detect the temperature of the
surroundings and display it on the LCD in real time .
Old Clinical models of thermometers have many drawbacks including
difficulty in handling and also costs high.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 3

Arduino
Problem Solution
To overcome this problem we introduced digital model of
thermometer which reduces human interaction ,makes the
process faster and cheaper than earlier devices.
This system also enables the user to obtain more accurate
temperature in the surrounding atmosphere using the LM35
temperature sensor.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 4

Arduino
Motivation and used
From long time we are using Clinical mercury based thermometer
which is a Fahrenheit scale thermometer. But these
thermometers has some drawbacks such as:

Durability - Mercury thermometers are

made up of glass which makes it less
durable.
Security - Mercury thermometers uses glass
and mercury which makes it dangerous
while handling in daily life.
Convenience - It takes upto 5
minutes while measuring so it's time
consuming.
Display is harder to read through naked eyes.

So to overcome these problems we introduced Digital

Thermometers which covers most of the problems faced by
clinical Thermometers.

Durability - Digital thermometers are built in with

soft-silicone tip and stainless steel probe which makes it
more durable.
Security - While digital thermometers are also dangerous
but less in comparison to clinical one because of soft
siicone and no mercury. Convenience - It takes very
less time to show results.
Accuracy - Due to digital screening extraction of
temperature is more accurate than clinical .
Display is clearly visible in decimal form to eyes.

So to get rid of this clinical thermometer we decided to make a

Digital Thermometer based on electronic gadgets which will be
more safer and cost effective as well.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 5

Arduino
Background
To use clinical Thermometers we have to make a lot of efforts , it
takes a lot of time and energy.
Here are some snaps of the problems faced due to Clinical
Thermometers:

Dangerous while Time

shaking consuming

Hard to
read

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 6

Arduino
Components Used
We required following components to design a
Digital Thermometer

1. Arduino Board (Arduino UNO R3 Development Board)

2. LCD Display (JHD162A 16x2 LCD Display)
3. Temperature Sensor (LM35 Analog Temperature Sensor)
4. Connecting Wires
5. Bread Board

Arduino
UNO

LCD
DISPLAY

LM35
SENSOR

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 7

Arduino
Block diagram

Here in Arduino and LM35 sensor interfacing, Arduino Uno is used

to control the process while LM35 sensor is used for sensing
environment temperature which is calibrated as 1°C/10mV
change at its output pin.

We can easily verify it using a voltmeter by connecting VCC at pin

1 & Ground at pin 3 and output voltage at pin 2 of LM35 sensor.
For example if output voltage of LM35 sensor is 500mV, than it
means the temperature is around 50 °C.

Arduino reads output voltage given by the temperature sensor

using Analog pin A0 and performs the calculation using the code
to convert this Analog value to a digital value of current
temperature.

After completing calculations Arduino sends these temperature to

16x2 LCD Display by using suitable codes of LCD.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 8

Arduino
Block diagram : LM35

From above block diagram,working of each element follows:

1. Transistors - There are 2 transistors out of which one has 10

times more emitter area. It means it has 1/10th of current
density since current flowing through both transistor is same.
Due to this voltage across R1 which is equal to absolute
temperature is almost comes under linear range.
2. Left Amplifier - It ensures that the voltage at the base of the
Transistor(Q1) remains proportional to absolute temperature
(in Kelvin).
3. Right Amplifier - It converts the absolute temperature (in
Kelvin) into Fahrenheit or Celsius.
4. Constant current source - It provides constant current (i)
throughout.
5. Resistors - Both resistors are calibrated for producing a
highly accurate temperature sensor.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 9

Arduino
Methodology
FIRSTLY WE NEED TO CONNECT EVERY ELEMENT OF THE SETUP
ACCORDING TO FOLLOWING CIRCUIT CONNECTION.

Connecting LM35 Temperature Sensor to

the Arduino:
1. Connect 1st pin of LM35 to 5V of Arduino
Uno.
2. Connect 3rd pin of LM35 to GND of Ardunio
Uno.
3. Connect 2nd pin of LM35 to A0 of Ardunio
Uno.

Connecting 16*2 LCD Display to the

Arduino:
1. Connect pin 1,3,5,16 of LCD to GND of
Arduino Uno.
2. Connect pin 2,15 of LCD to 5V of Arduino
Uno.
3. Connect pin 4 of LCD to pin D8 of Arduino
Uno.
4. Connect pin 6 of LCD to pin D9 of Arduino
Uno.
5. Connect pin 11 of LCD to pin D10 of Arduino
Digital
Uno.Thermometer: using LM35 & 10
Arduino
6. Connect pin 12 of LCD to pin D11 of Arduino
Uno.
Arduino LM35 Code
We need to write the code for Arduino,LCD display and LM35
sensor interfacing:

Following are some snippet of the code:

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 11

Arduino
Results
After doing the connections between Arduino,LM35
and LCD display when we connected the power
supply.

Then LCD display shows current room temperature which is

around 27-28 °C and when tip of the LM35 sensor touched with
a iron then we see the temperature on LCD display is gradually
increasing. This sensor can measure upto 155 °C. And when we
take iron off the sensor the temperature in the display started
going down.

When we take off that iron and temperature falls then it takes
more time than that of heating because cooling is a slow process
and this thermometer proves this also.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 12

Arduino
Discussio
n
In the block diagram of the model we have used three blocks those
are LM35 temperature sensor,Arduino Uno, LCD Display.Here the
first block temperature sensor senses the temperature of the
surrounding atmosphere in analog form and then sends this analog
signal to the ADC converter to convert into digital signal. Noe this
digital signal is given to Arduino through data lines. By using the
Arduino it process the data and send it to LCD. Finally the LCD
displays the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 13

Arduino
Conclusion
Main aim of our project was to design a digital thermometer
using Arduino and LM35 . This has been achieved . We have
tested the device and it's working. This project mainly focus on
the designing of electronic devices using embedded systems
(Arduino+LM35+LCD).

With growing technology, this Digital Thermometer is an

innovative way to end the errors due to reading in Clinical
mercury based thermometers. Also we have seen that its
results are 95-98% accurate to the original ones.
It requires less power to function.
It is safe to use as it is digital and not dangerous as old
clinical ones. This Thermometer is cost effective as hardly it
uses three main components Arduino, LM35 and LCD display
which is easily available in the market at much cheaper cost.

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 14

Arduino
References
We have taken help from a number of online websites and books.

Images :
https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Glass-Thermometer
https://circuitdigest.com/sites/default/files/inlineimages/block%2
0diagram.P NG
https://www.how2electronics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018
/11/lm35- temperature-sensor-connection.png

Books :
W. E. Knowles Middleton (1966),The Johns Hopkins Press

Digital Thermometer: using LM35 & 15

Arduino