Writing SPSS Examples

THESE EXAMPLES CANNOT BE USED IN YOUR ASSIGNMENT/PROJECT!

Question: Create and analyze a Cross-tabulation table of the variables Pool and Doctor/Time of
Day.

Example 1:
Cramer’s V shows a strong relationship between the use of the pool and the time of day. The majority of
the people who uses the pool visit the gym in the morning.

Example 2:
Assuming that use of the pool might cause members to go to the Center at particular times of the day, we can
produce the following table:

   Used Therapy Pool?

Time of Day No Yes

Morning 83 77

(76%) (73%)

Afternoon 23 22

(21%) (21%)

Evening 4 6

(4%) (6%)

(n = 215)

A review of the marginal totals for each variable: 105 (49%) respondents had used the therapy pool (110,
or 51% had not), and 77 (48%) respondents used the therapy pool in the morning (83, or 52%, did not), 22
(49%) respondents used the therapy pool in the afternoon (23, or 51%, did not) and 6 (60%) respondents
used the therapy pool in the evening (4, or 40%, did not). Taking into consideration the respondents that
neither used the therapy pool nor had a normal time to visit AFC, the percentage is 51% (110/215). Based
on this sample, it does not appear as though pool utilization influences the time of day that a member
normally visits AFC, and that the variables are not related to one another. The χ2 analysis indicates that the
variables are independent of one another (χ2 = 0.531, 2 df, p = .767).

NOTE: Because χ2 was not significant, Cramers V is not reported.

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Example 3:
In Table 26 Chi-Square Tests we can look to the Pearson Chi-Square test to determine if there is a
relationship between the variables. With a significance of .000 the results are in fact significant meaning
there is a relationship between the variables. More specifically, we can say that members who received a
doctor’s recommendation utilized the therapy pool more than those who did not have a doctor’s
recommendation (63.6% vs 39.7%).

Knowing that there is a relationship between variables, we can then look to Cramer’s V to tell us how
strong the relationship is. Cramer’s V rates the strength of a relationship on a scale of 0 to 1 with zero
being a weak relationship and 1 being a strong relationship. With a value of .204 the relationship between
these variables is considered to be moderate.

Example 4
For the first survey question about which AFC services are used in the past 30 days (weight training,
classes, exercise circuit, circulation station, and/or therapy pool), respondents chose the therapy pool most
(205 answers, or 45% of the survey sample). The fourth questions asks how members heard about AFC.
The option of “Recommendation from Doctor” was checked for 107 of the surveys, or 24% of the sample.
Interestingly, 33% of the respondents that used the therapy pool were recommended by a doctor; even
more interesting, 64% of respondents that were recommended by a doctor used the therapy pool.

A Pearson chi-square test of independence was conducted to determine the statistically significant
relationship between doctor recommendation and the use of the therapy pool. The test reports a chi-square
value of 18.73, on 1 degree of freedom, and the associated p-value of 0.00. Since the p-value is less than
alpha (0.05), the null hypothesis that the variables are independent of one another can be rejected,
indicating a dependent relationship between them. Furthermore, the calculated Cramer’s V statistic of 0.20
indicates a modest degree of association between the two variables. Table 8 lists the cross tabulation
numbers from comparing the dependent variable of pool utilization and the causal variable of doctor
recommendation, and supporting the idea of people who learn about AFC from a doctor are more likely to
use the therapy pool than those who didn’t get a doctor recommendation (64% vs. 40%).

Doctor
Table 8: Avery Fitness recommended?
Center Banner Table
No Yes
count 208 39
pool? Utilized

No percentag
60% 36%
e
count 137 68
Yes percentag
40% 64%
e
Total count: 452

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Question: Interpret and Describe the distribution of data for Social Aspects.

Example 1:
Out of the 452 people that took the survey, 395 of them answered this question. The collected data is
evenly distributed. The range is 4 and the standard deviation is 1.271

Example 2:
Based on the standard deviation for social aspects, 1.271, there is a slight distribution between variables
(slightly agreeable). More specifically, each score/variable is, on average, 1.271 points away from the
mean.

Example 3:
The social aspect analysis shows how important this variable is in attracting customers to the work out
facility. By looking at the valid percent, we see that the majority of people who responded to this question
were neutral on this issue, 29% (114/395) answered with a 3. If one was to do a two box technique on this
data, they would see that the top two (4 and 5 on the scale) had a higher percentage of 42 (18% +24%)
compared to the bottom two (1 and 2 on the scale) of 30% (13% + 27%). This data can help us make
decisions in how to promote the company. We can implement more ideas that encourage social aspect.
We could arrange equipment that it is easier to talk to others to appeal to the higher percent that liked the
fitness center for social aspects.

Example 4:
The variable Social Aspects measures the degree of importance of going to the Avery Fitness Center on a
1-5 rating scale. 1 representing not important and 5 representing the most important reason they visit the
AFC. Out of the 395 participants who responded to the importance of social aspects most felt neutral to
importance level, due the median and mode both being 3. This means that most members at AFC do not
mind the social interaction at the gym but it’s not their top priority for going to the gym. The mean or
average was 3.16 with only a 1.271 standard deviation, looking at the histogram we can see that our data
is slightly skewed to the left. There were only 57 people who did not respond to this question or the data
was missing. 30 % of people (responded with a 1 or 2) stated that social aspects were the least
importance, while 40% of people (responded with a 4 or 5) thought social aspects where of the most
importance. Overall, most people who join AFC don’t sign up for the social aspects, there other greater
factors.

THESE EXAMPLES CANNOT BE USED IN YOUR ASSIGNMENT/PROJECT!

498961911.docx