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The document describes a course on soft computing techniques. The course covers topics like fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, rough sets, and hybrid soft computing tools. It will include 4 quizzes and a final exam. Characteristics of soft computing are also discussed, including its ability to handle imprecision, adaptability, and inspiration from natural systems. Real-world applications of soft computing techniques are mentioned.

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Rajesh kumar
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27 views

Course Type Course Code Name of Course L T P Credit

The document describes a course on soft computing techniques. The course covers topics like fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, rough sets, and hybrid soft computing tools. It will include 4 quizzes and a final exam. Characteristics of soft computing are also discussed, including its ability to handle imprecision, adaptability, and inspiration from natural systems. Real-world applications of soft computing techniques are mentioned.

Uploaded by

Rajesh kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Course Name of

L T P Credit
Type Code Course
DC MCC535 Soft 3 0 0 09
Computing
Techniques

Unit
Topics to be Covered
No.
Fuzzy sets: Membership functions.
Basic operations, Fuzzy relations
1
Defuzzification, Fuzzy inference,
Fuzzy rule based system.
Genetic Algorithm: Working
principle
Cross over mutation, roulette
2 wheel selection, tournament
selection
Population, binary encoding and
decoding for any optimization
problem
Multi objective GAs, Concepts on
non-domination, Tournament
selection
Crowding distance operator,
Ranking

Rough Sets: Lower and Upper


Approximations
3 Discernibility matrix, Accuracy of
Approximations

Hybridization of soft computing


tools like Neuro-fuzzy,
4
Rough fuzzy, Rough-Fuzzy -GA,
Ant Colony based optimization
Text Books:
1. G.J. Klir and B. Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and
Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications,
Prentice-Hall, 1995

Reference Books:

1. M. Mitchell, AN Introduction to
Genetic Alogorithms, MIT Press, 2000
2. R. L. Ha upt and S.E. Haupt, Practical
Genetic Algorithms, John Willey & Sons,
2002.
3. Soft Computing : Fundamentals and
Applications (2nd Ed.) D. K. Pratihar
(Narosa, 2013)
Evaluation Plan:

1. There will be four quizzes. Each


quiz will be of 30 minutes duration
and will carry 13% weightage.
(a) Quiz I: 24-29 August 2020
(b) Quiz II: 07-12 September 2020
(c) Quiz III: 28 September to 03
October 2020
(d) Quiz IV: 19-24 October 2020

2. The End-Semester Examination


will have 48% weightage.
Computing:

Characteristics of Computing:

1. Should provide precise solution.


2. Control action should be unambiguous
and accurate.
3. Suitable for problem and is easy to
model mathematically.
Characteristics of Soft Computing

1. It does not require any


mathematical modelling of problem
solving.
2. It may not yield the precise
solution
3. Algorithms are adaptive (i.e. it can
adjust to the change of dynamic
environment)
4. Use some biological inspired
methodologies such as genetics,
evolution, Ant's behaviors, particles
swarming, human nervous systems
etc.

An approach to computing which


parallels the remarkable ability of the
human mind to reason and learn in an
environment of uncertainty and
imprecision.

It is characterized by the use of inexact


solutions to computationally hard tasks
such as the solution of nonparametric
complex problems for which an exact
solution can’t be derived in polynomial
of time.

The term soft computing was proposed


by the inventor of fuzzy logic, Lotfi A.
Zadeh. He describes it as follows [Zadeh,
1994]:
“Soft computing is a collection of
methodologies that aim to exploit the
tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty
to achieve tractability, robustness, and
low solution cost. Its principal
constituents are fuzzy logic,
neurocomputing, and probabilistic
reasoning. Soft computing is likely to
play an increasingly important role in
many application areas, including
software engineering. The role model for
soft computing is the human mind.”

Why soft computing approach?


Mathematical model & analysis can be
done for relatively simple systems. More
complex systems arising in biology,
medicine and management systems
remain intractable to conventional
mathematical and analytical methods.
Soft computing deals with imprecision,
uncertainty, partial truth and
approximation to achieve tractability,
robustness and low solution cost. It
extends its application to various
disciplines of Engg. and science. Typically
human can:

1. Take decisions
2. Inference from previous situations
experienced
3. Expertise in an area
4. Adapt to changing environment
5. Learn to do better
6. Social behaviour of collective
intelligence

Soft computing methods have been


applied to many real-world problems.
Applications can be found in signal
processing, pattern recognition, quality
assurance and industrial inspection,
business forecasting, speech
processing, credit rating, adaptive
process control, robotics control,
natural language understanding, etc.
Possible new application areas are
programming languages, user friendly
application interfaces, automaticized
programming, computer networks,
database management, fault
diagnostics and information security

In many cases, good results have been


achieved by combining different soft
computing methods. The number of
this kind of hybrid systems is growing.
A very interesting combination is the
neuro-fuzzy architecture, in which the
good properties of both methods are
attempted to bring together. Most
neuro-fuzzy systems are fuzzy rule
based systems in which techniques of
neural networks are used for rule
induction and calibration. Fuzzy logic
may also be employed to improve the
performance of optimization methods
used with neural networks. For
example, it may control the vibration
of direction for searching vector in
quasi Newton method

Soft computing can also be seen as a


foundation for the growing field of
computational intelligence (CI). The
difference between traditional artificial
intelligence (AI) and computational
intelligence is that AI is based on hard
computing whereas CI is based on soft
computing.
“Soft Computing is not just a mixture of
these ingredients, but a discipline in
which each constituent contributes a
distinct methodology for addressing
problems in its domain, in a
complementary rather than
competitive way.” [Zadeh, 1994].
First time introduced by Lotfi Abdelli
Zadeh (1965), University of California,
Berkley, USA (1965).

Dictionary meaning of fuzzy is not clear,


noisy etc.

Antonym of fuzzy is crisp

Crisp Set and Fuzzy Set

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