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Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation College of Engineering

The document summarizes the key components and working principle of an alternator. It describes: 1) The main parts of an alternator are the stator and rotor. The rotor usually contains field windings and rotates, while the stationary stator holds armature windings. 2) There are two common types of rotors: salient pole and cylindrical. Salient pole rotors have projecting poles and are used in low-medium speed alternators. Cylindrical rotors have slots for field windings and are used in high speed alternators. 3) DC power is supplied to the rotor windings via slip rings and brushes. As the rotor rotates in the stator

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38 views3 pages

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation College of Engineering

The document summarizes the key components and working principle of an alternator. It describes: 1) The main parts of an alternator are the stator and rotor. The rotor usually contains field windings and rotates, while the stationary stator holds armature windings. 2) There are two common types of rotors: salient pole and cylindrical. Salient pole rotors have projecting poles and are used in low-medium speed alternators. Cylindrical rotors have slots for field windings and are used in high speed alternators. 3) DC power is supplied to the rotor windings via slip rings and brushes. As the rotor rotates in the stator

Uploaded by

vamps sier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Manuel S.

Enverga University Foundation


College of Engineering

AC Machinery Lecture
Research I

Submitted to:
Engr. Hannah A. Balmes

Submitted by:
Lorbes, Sier Daryll A.

Date of Submission:
January 23, 2019
An alternator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into
alternating electric energy. They are also known as synchronous generators.

Construction Of AC Generator (Alternator)


Main parts of the alternator, obviously, consists of stator and rotor. But, the unlike other
machines, in most of the alternators, field exciters are rotating and the armature coil is
stationary.

Stator: Unlike in DC machine stator of an alternator is not meant to serve path for


magnetic flux. Instead, the stator is used for holding armature winding. The stator core
is made up of lamination of steel alloys or magnetic iron, to minimize the eddy current
losses.

Rotor:  There are two types of rotor used in an AC generator / alternator:


(i) Salient and (ii) Cylindrical type
1. Salient pole type: Salient pole type rotor is used in low and medium speed
alternators. Construction of AC generator of salient pole type rotor is shown in the
figure above. This type of rotor consists of large number of projected poles (called
salient poles), bolted on a magnetic wheel. These poles are also laminated to
minimize the eddy current losses. Alternators featuring this type of rotor are large
in diameters and short in axial length.
2. Cylindrical type: Cylindrical type rotors are used in high speed alternators,
especially in turbo alternators. This type of rotor consists of a smooth and solid
steel cylinder having slots along its outer periphery. Field windings are placed in
these slots.
The DC supply is given to the rotor winding through the slip rings and and brushes
arrangement.
The working principle of an alternator or AC generator is similar to the basic
working principle of a DC generator.

Above figure helps you understanding how an alternator or AC generator works. 


According to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor
moves in a magnetic field EMF gets induced across the conductor. If the close path is
provided to the conductor, induced emf causes current to flow in the circuit.
Now, see the above figure. Let the conductor coil ABCD is placed in a magnetic field.
The direction of magnetic flux will be form N pole to S pole. The coil is connected to slip
rings, and the load is connected through brushes resting on the slip rings.
Now, consider the case 1 from above figure. The coil is rotating clockwise, in this case
the direction of induced current can be given by Fleming's right hand rule, and it will be
along A-B-C-D.
As the coil is rotating clockwise, after half of the time period, the position of the coil will
be as in second case of above figure. In this case, the direction of the induced current
according to Fleming's right hand rule will be along D-C-B-A. It shows that, the direction
of the current changes after half of the time period, that means we get an alternating
current.

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