NARAYANAENGINEERI

NGCOLLEGE:
:NELLORE/
GUDUR
DEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERI
NG
SHORTANSWERQUESTI
ONBANK
II
IB.
TECH(
2018-
19)I
I-SEM
SUB:DMM-
II Staf
f:M.
Mer
cyLy
dia

UNI
T-ICURVEDBEAMSANDPOWERTRANSMI
SSI
ONSYSTEMS

1. Whati
sapowerdr
ive?Ment
iont
hei
rty
pes.

Thepowerdr i
veisasetofmachi nemembersemploy
edtotransmit
powerorenergyproducedinonemachinetoanot
hermachine.Thei
r
main*types(1)Mechanical
,(2)Hydr
aul
i
c,(
3)Pneumaticand(4)
El
ectr
icaldri
ves.

2. Whati
smeantbymechani
caldr
ives?Cl
assi
fyt
hem.

Thedr i
veswhi cht r
ansmi tpowerbymeansofcont actforcesar e
calledasmechani caldriv
es.Theycanbecl assi fi
edbasedon( a)Way
ofpowert r
ansmi ssion.(i
)Frictiondrives[E.
g.Bel tdrives,Ropedr ives]
(ii
)Tootheddr i
v es[Eg..Geardr ives,Chaindriv es](b)Cent redistance
bet weenpowershaf ts(i
)Longdi stancedrives( Eg.Bel tdrives,chain
drives,r
opedr i
v es)(ii
)Shortdistancedr i
ves( Eg.Geardr iv
es)( c)
Intermediatel
inkbet weendr ivinganddr ivenmember s.(i
)No
i
nt ermediatel
ink( Eg.Geardr ives)(ii
)Withint ermedi ateli
nk( Eg.Bel t
,
ropedr i
ves,chaindr iv
es)

3.
Stat
ethe-
LawofBel
ti
ng'

Thelawofbelt
ingstat
esthatt
hecenterl
ineofthebeltwhenitappr
oaches
thepull
eymustli
einthemidplaneofthatpul
leywhichshouldbe
perpendi
cul
art
ot heaxi
softhepull
ey.Other
wisethebeltwil
lrunof
fthe
pull
ey.

4.
Expl
aint
het
erm cr
owni
ngofpul
ley
s.

Pulleysareprovi
ded.a-sl
i
ghtconicalshapes(or )
,.
,,
convexshapesinthei
r
ri
m'srsur f
aceinordert
opreventthebeltfr
om r unningoffthepul
leydue
centri
fugalf
orce.Thi
sisknownascr owning,ofpulley.Usuall
ythe
crowningheighttmaybe1/ 96ofpull
eyfacewi dth.

5.
Bri
efi
yexpl
ainaboutf
ri
cti
onandi
tsappl
icat
ions

Fri
cti
onissai
dtobearesist
ingfor
cet
hati
sdevel
opedbetweentwo
rel
ati
vel
y-movi
ngsur
faces.Forsomemachi
nes,t
hisf
ri
cti
onalf
orcemay
be,anunwantedforceandhencei ti
stober educedtothemaximum l
evel
.
Forsomeot hermachines.Bear
ingsbrakes,
clutchesar
et hegood
examples.

6.
Whatar
ethet
ypesofbel
ts?
,

(a)FlatBel
ts(
b)VBel
ts.(
ii
)mul
ti
pleVbel
t.
,(i
i
i)Ri
bbedBel
t.(
c)Toot
hedor
Timing(d),
Round,
Bel
ts..

7.St
atet
hemat
eri
alsf
orbel
ts.

Leat
her
,,
cot
tonf
abr
ics,
rubber
,ani
mal
'
shai
r,si
l
k,r
ayon,
wool
enet
c

8.I
ndi
cat
esomemer
it
sanddemer
it
sofbel
t-
dri
ve;

Meri
ts1.Bel
tdri
vesareusedforlongdist
ancepowert r
ansmissi
on.2,Thei
r
oper
ati
onsaresmoot handfl
exi
ble.3.Si
mpleindesignandtheir
manufact
uri
ngcostislower
.Demer i
ts,
.1.Theyneedlar
gespace.2.Loss
ofpowerduetofr
ict
ionismore.

9.Bywhatmat
eri
als,
bel
t-
pul
ley
sar
emade?

Bel
t-
pul
l
eysar
emadeofcast
-i
ronorst
eel

10.Whati
smeantbyt
hepl
yofbel
t?

Flatbeltsare.madeofthinstri
psandl aminat
edoneov ert
heotherinorder
togett hi
ckbel t
.Thesethinstr
ipsorsheetsarecal
ledaspliesofbelt
.
Usuallyflatbelt
saremadeof11pl y,4ply,5pl
y,6plyand8plybeltetcAnd
4plybel tisthi
ckerhan3pl ybeltandso-on.

11.Ment
iont
hedi
ff
erentt
ypesofj
oint
sempl
oyedf
orj
oini
ngf
lat
-bel
ts.

(
i)Cement
edj
oint
s(i
i
)Lacedj
oint
s(i
i
i)Cr
estj
oint
s.(
iv)Hi
ngedj
oint
s.

12.
Whatcondi
ti
onsshoul
dbef
oll
owedwhenf
latbel
tdr
ivei
sinst
all
ed?

1.Theaxesofpowertransmitti
ngshaft
sshouldbeparall
el.2.I
tshoul
d
have,
opti
mum centerdist
ancebetweent heshaf
ts'
.3.Thet i
ght
-si
deofthe
dri
veshoul
dbeatthebot tom si
deofthepull
ey.

13.
Whati
sbel
trat
ing?

Fl
at-
beltsaremadeofdi ff
erentsi
zessuchas3ply,4plyandV-bel tsare
madeofdi f
ferentgradessuchasA, B,C,
DandEgr adebelts.Bel
trati
ngis
def
inedasthepowert r
ansmitt
ingcapaci
tyofuni
tsi
zeflatbeltora
par
ticul
argradesingleVbelt.
14.
.Speci
fyt
heappl
i
cat
ionofr
oundbel
t.

Round-
bel
tisappl
i
ed,
insewi
ng.
machi
ne.

15.
Speci
fyt
hepur
poseofcr
owni
ngofbet
s.

Topr
eventsl
i
ppi
ngf
rom pul
l
eyduet
ocent
ri
fugal
for
ce

16.
Whatf
act
orsshoul
dbeconsi
der
eddur
ingt
hesel
ect
ionofabel
tdr
ive?

a)Amountofpowert obetr
ansmi
tted.
,b)Per
ipher
alandangularspeeds.c)
Speedrati
o.A)Eff
ici
ency
.e)Cent
redist
ancebetweenstaf
fsf)Space
avai
labl
e.g)Worki
ngenvir
onment.

17.Expl
aincr
eepi
nbel
ts.

Si
ncethetensi
onsproducedbythebeltonthetwosi desofthepul
leyar
e
notequal
,thebel
tmoveswi t
hav erynegl
i
gibl
ev el
ocity,
duetothe
di
ffer
enceoftwotensi
ons.Thisslowmov ementofthebeltovert
hepull
ey
i
sknownascr eepofbeltanditi
sgeneral
lynegl
ected."

18.Howi
saV-
bel
tdesi
gnat
ed?

V-belti
sdesignatedbyagr adelett
erfol
lowedbyit
sinsi
delengt
hincode
number ,yearofcoding.Forexample,D3048:I
S2494:1964.M bel
tsar
e
designatedbythegr adelet
terandinsi
delengt
honlysuchD-3048.
Somet i
mes, thei
nsidelengthmaybedenot edini
nchesasD–

19.I
nwhatway
s,t
imi
ngbel
tsar
esuper
iort
oor
dinar
yV-
bel
ts?

Sincetheti
mingbeltspossesstoothedshapei ntheir-
innerside,
engagementwi t
htoothedpull
eywillpr
ovidepositi
vedr i
vewithout,bel
t-sl
i
p
whereasinthecaseofor di
naryV-belt
s,chancesofsl i
pareandhence
posi
ti
vedriveisnotpossibl
eatallt
imes.Hencet oothedbelts( It
iming
bel
ts)aresuperi
ortoordi
naryV-belt
s.

20.
Whatpur
posedoest
hehousi
ngofgear
-boxser
ve?

Gear-box-housi
ngorcasingisusedascontai
nerinsi
dewhich,thegear
s,
shaft
s,beari
ngsandothercomponentsare"mounted.
'Alsoi
tpr ev
entsthe
entr
yofdustinsi
dethehousingandreducesnoiseofoperat
ion.Thati
s,the
housingSafe-
guardt
heinnercomponents.
UNI
TII
-MECHANI
CALSPRI
NGS
1.Whati
saspr i
ng?
Aspri
ngisanelasti
cmember,
whichdef
lects,
ordist
ortsundert
heact
ion
ofl
oadandregainsit
sor
igi
nal
shapeaft
ertheloadisremoved.
2.St at eanyt wof unct ionsofspr ings.
i
.Tomeasur ef orcesi nspr ingbal ance, met ersandengi nei ndicators.
i
i.Tost or eener gy .
3.Whatar et hev arioust y pesofspr ings?
i
.Hel i
cal spr i
ngs
i
i.Spi ral spr ings
i
ii.Leafspr ings
i
v .Discspr i
ngorBel l
ev ill
espr i
ngs
4.Cl assi fyt hehel icalspr ings.
a.Cl ose–coi l
edort ensi onhel ical spr i
ng.
b.Open–coi ledorcompr essi onhel i
cal spr i
ng.
5.Def ine:Leafspr ings
Al eafspr ingconsi stsoff l
atbar sofv aryingl engthsclampedt ogetherand
suppor tedatbot hends, thusact ingasasi mplysuppor tedbeam.
6.Def ine:Bel l
ev i
lleSpr ings
Theyar emadei nt hef or m ofaconedi sct ocar ryahi ghcompr essi
v e
force.I nor dert oi mpr ov et heirloadcar ry i
ngcapaci ty, t
heymaybest acked
up
toget her .Themaj orst ressesar et ensi l
eandcompr essive.
7.Whati sspr i
ngi ndex( C) ?
Ther atioofmeanorpi tchdi amet ert ot hedi amet erofwi ref orthespr i
ng
i
scal ledt hespr i
ngi ndex.
8.Whati spi tch?
Theaxi al dist ancebet weenadj acentcoi l
si nuncompr essedst ate.
9.Whati ssol i
dlengt h?
Thel engt hofaspr ingundert hemaxi mum compr essioni scal l
edi t
ssol i
d
l
engt h.I ti st hepr oductoft ot alnumberofcoi l
sandt hedi amet erofwi re.
Ls=ntxd
Wher e, nt=t otal numberofcoi ls.
10.Whatar et her equi rement sofspr i
ngwhi l
edesi gning?
a.Spr i
ngmustcar ryt heser viceloadwi thoutt hestressexceedi ngthe
saf ev alue.
b.Thespr i
ngr atemustbesat i
sfact oryf orthegi venappl ication.
a.Pl ainend.
b.Pl ainandgr oundend
c.Squar edend
d.Squar edandgr oundend.
12.Whati sbuckl ingofspr ings?
Thehel ical compr essi onspr i
ngbehav esl ikeacol umnandbuckl esata
compar at ivesmal lloadwhent hel engt hoft hespr i
ngi smor ethan4t i
mes
the
meancoi ldiamet er .
13.Whati ssur gei nspr ings?
Themat erial i
ssubj ectedt ohi gherst resses, whichmaycauseear lyfati
gue
fail
ure.Thi sef fecti scal ledasspr i
ngsur ge.
14.Whati sal ami nat edl eafspr i
ng?
Inordert oi ncrease, t
hel oadcar r
yingcapaci ty,numberoff latplatesar e
placedandbel owt heot her .
15.Whatsemi–el li
pt i
call eafspr ings?
Thespr i
ngconsi stsofnumberofl eav es, whi char eheldt ogetherbyUcl ips.
Thel ongl eaff ast enedt ot hesuppor t
edi scal l
edmast erleaf.Remai ning
l
eav esar ecal ledasgr aduat edl eaves.
16.Whati sni ppi ngofl ami natedl eafspr ing?
Prestressi ngofl eafspr ingsi sobt ainedbyadi f
ferenceofr adiiofcur vat
ure
knownasni ppi ng.
17.Whatar et hev ar i
ousappl i
cat i
onofspr ings?
Thespr i
ngsar eusedi nv ar i
ousappl ications, theyar e
a.Usedt oabsor bener gyorshocks( e.g.shockabsor bers,buffers,e.t
.c.)
b.Toappl yf orcesasi nbr akescl utches, spr ing-l
oadedv alv
es, e.
t.c.
c.Tomeasur ef orcesasi nspr ingbal ancesandengi neindicators
d.Tost oreener gyasi nwat ches
18.Def i
nef reel engt h.
Freelengt hoft hespr i
ngi st hel engthoft hespr i
ngwheni tisfreeor
unloaded
condit i
on.I tisequal tot hesol idlengt hpl ust hemaxi mum def lecti
onor
compr essi onpl uscl ashal lowance.
Lf=sol i
dl engt h+Ymax+0. 15Ymax
19.Def i
nespr i
ngi ndex.
Springi ndex( C)i sdef i
nedast herat i
ooft hemeandi amet eroft hecoilto
thedi amet eroft hewi re.
C=D/ d
20.Def i
nespr i
ngr at e( st i
ffness) .
Thespr i
ngst i
ffnessorspr ingconst antisdef inedast hel oadrequi r
edper
unitdef l
ect i
onoft hespr i
ng.
K=W/ y
Wher eW- load
y-defl
ect ion
UNI
T-I
IIDESI
GNOFBEARI
NGS
1.Whati
sbear
ing?
Beari
ngisast at
ionerymachi
neelementwhichsuppor
tsarot
ati
ngshaf
ts
oraxlesandconfinesit
smotion.
2.Classi
fythetypesofbeari
ngs.
i
.Dependingupont hety
peofloadcomingupontheshaf
t:
a.Radial
bearing
 b.Thr ustbear ings.
i
i.Dependi ngupont henat ureofcont act:
a.Sl idingcont act
b.Rol lingcont actbear i
ngsorAnt if
rictionbear ings.
Closedcoi lhelicalspr i
ng, Opencoi lhelical spr i
ngThespr ingwi res
arecoi l
edv er ycl osely ,eacht urni snear lyatr i
ghtangl est ot heaxi sofhel i
x.
Thewi r
esar ecoi l
edsucht hatther eisagapbet weent het woconsecut i
ve
turns.Hel ixangl ei slesst han10oHel ixangl ei slarge( >10o)
3.Whatar et her equi redpr oper t
iesofbear ingmat er i
al s?
Bear ingmat er i
al shoul dhav ethef ollowi ngpr oper ti
es.
i
.Hi ghcompr essi vest rengt h
i
i.Lowcoef ficientoff riction
i
ii.Hight her mal conduct ivit
y
i
v .Highr esi st ancet ocor rosi
on
v.Suf ficientf at iguest rength
vi.Itshoul dbesof twi thal owmodul usofel asticit
y
vii
.Bear ingmat er i
alsshoul dnotgetwel deasi l
yt ot hej our nal mat eri
al.
4.Whati saj our nalbear i
ng?
Aj our nal bear ingi sasl i
dingcont actbear i
ngwhi chgi vesl ater alsuppor t
tot her ot atingshaf t
.
5.Whatar et het ypesofj our nalbear ingsdependi ngupont henat ureof
cont act ?
1.Ful l j
our nal bear i
ng
2.Par ti
al bear ing
3.Fi t
tedbear ing.
6.Whatar et het ypesofj our nalbear ingdependi ngupont henat ureof
l
ubr icat i
on?
1.Thi ckf il
mt ype
2.Thi nf ilmt y pe
3.Hy drost at icbear i
ngs
4.Hy drody nami cbear i
ng.
7.Whati sknownassel f–act i
ngbear ing?
Thepr essur ei scr eat edwi t
hinthesy stem duet orot ationoft heshaf t,thi
s
typeofbear ingi sknownassel f–act i
ngbear ing.
8.Whati sf lywheel ?
Flywheel isamachi neel ement susedt omi ni mizet hef luctuationofspeed
i
naengi ne.
9.Whati st hef unct ionoff lywheel ?
Af lywheel usedi nmachi neser vesasar eser voirwhi chst oresener gy
dur i
ngt heper iodwhent hesuppl yofener gyi smor et hant her equirement
and
releasesi tdul lingt heper iodwhent her equirementofener gyi smor et han
the
suppl y .
10.Def inet het er m‘ fluctuat i
onofspeed’ and‘ f
luct uationofener gy’.
Ther atioofmaxi mum f l
uct uat i
onofspeedt othemeanspeedi scal ledco
efficientoff luct uat ionofspeed.
Ther atiooff luct uat ionofener gyt ot hemeanener gyi scal l
edcoef f
icient
off luctuat ionofener gy.
11.St atet het ypeofst ressesi nducedi nar i
mf l
ywheel ?
1.Tensi lest ressduet ocent rif
ugal for ce
2.Tensi lebendi ngst resscausedbyt her est r
aintoft hear msand
3.Theshr inkagest ressesduet ounequal rateofcool i
ngofcast ing.
12.Whatar et hest ressesi nducedi nf lywheelar ms?
1.Tensi lest ressduet ocent rif
ugal for ce.
2.Bendi ngst ressduet ot orque.
3.St ressduet obel tt ensi on.
13.Howdoest hef unct i
onoff lywheeldi fferfrom t hatofgov ernor?
Agov ernorr egul atest hemeanspeedofanengi newhent herear e
variat i
onsi nt hemeanl oads.I taut omat i
cal l
ycont r olsthesuppl yof
wor kingf luid
toengi newi tht hev ar yingl oadcondi tion&keepst hemeanspeedwi t h
cont ain
l
imi ts.Itdoesnotcont rol thespeedv ar i
at i
oncausedbyt hev aryingload.A
flywheel doesnotmai ntainconstspeed.
14.Whati st henat ur eofcont acti nv ol vedi nabal lbear ingelement ?
Insteadofsl i
ding, t
hecont actbet weent hebear i
ngel ement si srolli
ng.
15.Def ineant i
frictionbear ing?
Thecont actbet weent hebear i
ngel ement sisr oll
ing, thistypehasv er y
smal lfri
ct ion.
16.Whatar et het y pesofr ol l
ingcont actbear ing?
Dependi ngupont het ypeofr olli
ngel ement ,
i
.Bal lbear ing
i
i.Rol lerbear ing
Dependi ngupont hel oadt obecar r
ied,
i
.Radi al
i
i.Angul arcont act
i
ii.Tr ustbear ing
17.St atet hecomponent sofr ollingcont actbear ings?
i
.Out err acei i.Innerr acei ii.Rol l
ingel ementi v.Seper ator.
18.Whatar et hesev er alty pesofr adi albal lbear i
ng?
i
.Deepgr oov ebal lbear i
ngi i.Sel faligni ngbal lbear ingiii
.Angul arcont act
ball bear ingi v.Fi ll
ingnot chbear ingv .Doubl er owbear i
ng.
19.Whatar et het y pesoft rustbal lbear ings?
i
.Onedi rect i
onal fl
atr acei i
.Onedi r
ect i
onal Groov edr aceiii
.Two
direct i
onal Gr oov edr ace.
20.Whatisl
oadrati
ng?
Theloadcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyofar
oll
i
ngel
ementbear
ingi
scal
l
edl
oadr
ati
ng.

UNI
T-I
VSPUR&HELI
CALGERAS
1.
Ment
ionsomeappl
icat
ionsofgeardr
ives.

Geardri
vesareemployedinmanyfiel
dssuchasfrom smallerinst
ruments
tot
heheav i
estandmostpower f
ulmachimmies,
crushersetc.Someoft he
commonappl i
cati
onsofgearsareinhoi
sti
ngmachi ner
ies,
roll
ingmill
,
machinetool
ssuchasl atmachi
nes,et
c.

2.Whyaregeardr
ivessuper
iort
obel
tdr
ivesorchai
ndr
ives?t
he
advant
agesofgeardri
ves?

1.Thegeardriv
espossesshighl
oadcar
ryi
ngcapacit
y,hi
ghcompact
l
ayout.2.Theycant
ransmitpowerf
rom v
erysmall
valuestosev
eral
ki
lowatts.

3.
Howar
egear
scl
assi
fi
ed?

Gear sareclassi
fi
edbasedon( a)Axesofgearshaf t
sasi )Par al
lel-Eg.
spur,helical
,her
ri
ng-bonegear s.i
i)Inter
secting-Eg.Bev el gears.i
ii)Non-
parall
el andnon-i
ntersect
ing-Eg.-wor m, gears,Skewgear s.(b)Prof il
eof
geart oothi)I
nvolut
egear s.i
i)Cycloidalgears.(c)Posit
ionoft eethon
wheel r
im.DToot hparall
eltoaxisofgear-Eg.Spurgear s.ii
)Tooth
i
nclinedt oaxisofgear-Eg.Hel i
cal gears.(
d)Pr essureangl ei
)Gear swit
h
201pr essureangle.i
i)Gearswi t
h141/ 20pr essureangle.

4.
Il
lust
rat
ethemat
eri
alsf
ormaki
nggear
s'.

1.Ferr
ousmet alssuchascarbonst eel
s,al
loysteel
sofni ckel,
chromium
andvanadium.2.Cast-i
ronofdif
ferentgrades.3.Non-ferr
ousmet alssuch
asbrass,bronze,et
c.4.Non-
met alsli
kephemol i
cresinsny l
on,bakel
it
eetc.
Amongt hem steelwit
hproperheatt r
eat
menti sextensiv
ely,employedin
manyof'theengineeri
ngappli
cations.

5.
Speci
fyt
het
ypesofgear
s-f
ail
ures

.a)Toot
hbreakage.b)Pi
tt
ingoft
oot
hsur
face.c)Abr
asi
ve-wear
s.d)
Seizi
ngoft
eethetc.

6.Atwhatoccat
ionsnon-
met
all
icgear
sar
eempl
oyed.
.Non-
metal
li
cgear
sareemployed'
wherewer equi
resi
l
entoperat
ionand
l
owpowertransmi
ssi
on.Forexampl
e,i
ninst
rumentsli
kepressur
egauge
andsoon.

7.
.Fi
lli
nthebl
anksoft
hef
oll
owi
ng

a)Inagearpai r
,thesmal l
ergearis,
call
edas. ..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
.andthe
bi
ggeriscall
edas. .
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.
b)Whenthegearandpi nionaremadeofdi ff
erentmat eri
als,t
heirdesi
gn
basedon...
..
..
..Answersa)Pi ni
on,wheel orgear.b)Weakermat eri
al.

8.
Whati
smeantbyspur
-gear
?

Spur-
geari
sthegearinwhicht
eet
harecutatt
hecir
cumfer
enceofasl
ab
cal
ledasgear-
blanksucht
hatt
heteet
harepar
all
elt
ogear-
axi
s.

9.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms.

a)Tipcir
cl eoraddendum ci
rcleist hecircl
ewhi chcoincidescr estsort ops
ofallt
eeth.b)Rootcircl
eoraddendum ci r
cleisthecirclewhichcoi ncides
with.r
oot sorbottomsofallteeth.c)Pitchcircleistheimagi narycircl
ei n
whichthepai rofgear
sroll
soneov ert
heot her.Thiscirclecanbev i
sible
whent hepairofgearsfastl
yr ot
ating.Thiswi l
lli
ebet weent i
pci r
cleand
rootci
rcle.'

10.Howar
ethef
oll
owi
ngt
ermsdef
ined?

a)Pressureangl
e(a)i
stheangl
emakingbyt hel
ineofacti
oncommon-
tangenttothepi
tchci
rcl
esofmati
ngpars.b)Modulem istherati
oofpit
ch
cir
clediametert
othenumberdofgeart
eeth,andisusuall
yrepresent
edi
n
mill
imetres.

11.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms.

a)Backl ashi
sthedif
ferencebetweent ooththi
cknessandthespaceinto
'
whi chitmeshes,measuredal ongthepi
t chci
rcl
e.Ifweassumethet oot
h
thicknessast,andspacewi dthast2thenbacklash=t 2-t
lb)Gearrati
o(i)
i
st her at
ioofnumberoft eethoflar
gergeartothatofsmall
ergear.Atis
alsodef i
nedastherati
oofhi ghspeedtot helowspeedinageardrive.
Usual l
y,t
hegearrat
ioshoul dalwaysbegr eat
erthanone.

12.Whati
sabev
elgear
?
BevelgearisthetypeofgearforWhichtheteet
harecutonconi
cal
surface
i
ncont r
astwithspurandhel i
calgear
sforwhichthet
eethar
ecuton
cyl
indr
icalsurf
aces.Thestructur
eofbevelgeari
ssimil
art
oandunif
ormly
tr
uncatedfrustum ofacone.

13.
Whendoweusebev
elgear
s?

Whenthepoweri
stobetransmitt
edinanangular
,di
rect
ion,
i.
e.,
bet
ween
t
heshaf
tswhoseaxesi
ntersect
ingatanangl
e,bevel
gearsareempl
oyed.

14.Howar
ebev
elgear
scl
assi
fi
ed?

Bevelgearsar
eclassif
iedi
ntwoways1.Basedont
heshapeoft
eet
h.a)
Str
aightbevel
gears.b)Spi
ral
bev
elgear
s

Basedontheincl
udedangl
ebetweentheshaf
taxes,cal
l
edasshaf
tangl
e
a)Ext
ernal
gears<900)b)I
nter
nalgear
s>90*)c)Crowngear
s90

15.
What
'i
sacr
owngear
?

Acrowngearisatypeofbevelgearwhoseshaf
tangl
eis90degreeand
angl
eofpi
nionisnotequal
tothepitchangl
eofgear
.LetShaf
tangl
e

16.
Whati
sthespeci
fi
cfeat
ureofmi
tr
egear
?

Mit
regeari
sthespeci
alty
peofcrowngeari
n-twhi
chtheshaf
t,
,900and
t
hepit
changlesofpi
nionandgearar
eequalandeachangl
eto45'.

17.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms

a)Conedi
stanceorpi
tchconer
adi
us.b)Faceangl
e.

a)Conedist
anceorpi
tchconer
adi
usisthesl
antlengt
hofpitchcone,i
.e.
,
di
stancebet
weentheapexandt
heext
remepointoftoothofbevelgear
.

b)Faceangleist
heangl
esubtendedbythefaceoftheteethatt
hecone
cent
re.I
tisequal
tot
hepitchangl
eplusaddendum angl
e.Itisal
socal
l
ed
asti
pangle.

18.I
nwhi
chgear
-dr
ive,
sel
f-
locki
ngi
sav
ail
abl
e?

Sel
flocki
ngi
sav
ail
abl
einwor
m-geardr
ive.

19.
Whendoweusewor
m-gear
s?
Whenwer equir
et otr
ansmitpowerbet
weennonpar al
lel
andnon-
i
nter
sect
ingshaftsandveryhighv
eloci
tyrat
io,
ofabout100,worm gear
s,
canbeemployed.Alsoworm-gear
sprovidesel
f-
locki
ngfaci
l
ity
.

20.Wr
it
esomeappl
icat
ionsofwor
m geardr
ive.

Wor
m gear,
dri
vefi
ndwi
deappl
i
cat
ionsl
i
kemil
l
ingmachi
nei
ndexi
nghead,
t
abl
efan,st
eer
ingr
odofaut
omobi
l
eandsoon.

UNI
T-VI
.CENGI
NEPARTS

1.
Expl
aint
hev
ari
oust
ypesofcy
li
nderl
iner
s.

2.Di
scusst
hedesi
gnofpi
stonf
orani
nter
nalcombust
ionengi
ne.

3.Statethefunct
ionofthef
oll
owi
ngforani
nternalcombusti
onengine
pi
ston:(a)Ri
bs; (
b)Pist
onri
ngs;(
c)Pist
onski
rt;and(d)Pist
onpin

4.Whati
sthef
unct
ionofaconnect
ingr
odofani
nter
nalcombust
ion
engi
ne?

5.Expl
aint
hev
ari
ousst
ressesi
nducedi
ntheconnect
ingr
od.

6.Underwhatf
orce,
thebi
gendbol
tsandcapsar
edesi
gned?

7.Expl
aint
hev
ari
oust
ypesofcr
ankshaf
ts.

8.Atwhatangl
eoft
hecr
ank,
thet
wist
ingmomenti
smaxi
mum i
nthe
crankshaf
t?

9.Whatarethemet
hodsandmat
eri
alsusedi
nthemanuf
act
ureof
crankshaf
ts?

10.Sketchav al
vegearmechani
sm ofani
nter
nalcombust
ionengi
neand
l
abelit
sv ar
iouspart
s.

11.Di
scusst
hemat
eri
alscommonl
yusedf
ormaki
ngt
hev
alv
eofanI
.C.
engi
ne.

12.Whyt
hear
eaoft
hei
nletv
alv
epor
tismadel
argert
hant
hear
eaof
exhaustv
alv
epor
t?

13.Whati
sfl
ywheel
?

Fly
wheelisamachi
neel
ement
susedt
omi
nimi
zet
hef
luct
uat
ionofspeed
i
naengine.

14.Whati
sthef
unct
ionoff
lywheel
?

Af l
ywheelusedinmachi
neservesasar eservoi
rwhichstoresenergy
duri
ngt heper
iodwhenthesupplyofenergyismorethant herequi
rement
andreleasesi
tdull
i
ngtheperi
odwhent her equi
rementofener gyi
smore
thanthesupply.

15.Def
inet
het
erm‘
fl
uct
uat
ionofspeed’
and‘
fl
uct
uat
ionofener
gy’
.

Ther at
ioofmaximum fl
uct
uationofspeedtothemeanspeediscal
l
edco
ef
fi
cientoffl
uct
uati
onofspeed.Therati
ooff l
uct
uati
onofener
gytothe
meanenergyiscall
edcoeff
ici
entoffl
uctuat
ionofener
gy.

16.St
atet
het
ypeofst
ressesi
nducedi
nar
imf
lywheel
?

1.Tensil
est r
essduetocent
ri
fugal
for
ce2.Tensi
lebendi
ngstr
esscaused
bytherest
raintoft
hearmsand3.Theshr
inkagestr
essesduet
ounequal
rat
eofcoolingofcast
ing.

17.Whatar
ethest
ressesi
nducedi
nfl
ywheelar
ms?

Tensi
lest
ressduetocent
ri
fugal
for
ce.2.Bendi
ngst
ressduet
otor
que.3.
St
ressduetobel
ttensi
on.

18.Howdoest
hef
unct
ionoff
lywheeldi
ff
erf
rom t
hatofgov
ernor
?

Agov ernorregulat
esthemeanspeedofanengi newhent hereare
vari
ationsinthemeanl oads.Itaut
omati
call
ycontrolst
hesuppl yof
workingf l
uidtoenginewiththevaryi
ngl
oadcondition&keepst hemean
speedwi thcontainli
mits.I
tdoesnotcontr
olthespeedv ari
ati
oncausedby
thevar y
ingload.Aflywheeldoesnotmaint
ainconstspeed.
.
 Si
gnat
ureofSt
aff HOD A/
SIn-
char
ge PRI
NCI
PAL

1.
ch.
vemai
ah