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Chapter II.1

Electrical motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic induction. There are two main types of electric motors: alternating current (AC) motors and direct current (DC) motors. AC motors, which are more commonly used, generate a rotating magnetic field through their stator windings using a three-phase power supply. The rotation of the magnetic field causes the rotor to turn, producing torque and rotational force. Three-phase power is ideal for powering AC motors as it generates a constant magnitude rotating magnetic field through three sets of windings spaced 120 degrees apart.

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islammuddin
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10 views

Chapter II.1

Electrical motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic induction. There are two main types of electric motors: alternating current (AC) motors and direct current (DC) motors. AC motors, which are more commonly used, generate a rotating magnetic field through their stator windings using a three-phase power supply. The rotation of the magnetic field causes the rotor to turn, producing torque and rotational force. Three-phase power is ideal for powering AC motors as it generates a constant magnitude rotating magnetic field through three sets of windings spaced 120 degrees apart.

Uploaded by

islammuddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

What is an Electric Motor?

• Electromechanical device that converts


electrical energy to mechanical energy
• Mechanical energy used to e.g.
•Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
•Drive compressors
•Lift materials

• Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 1


Preliminary notes
AC machines are AC motors and AC generators.
There are two types of AC machines:
Synchronous machines – the magnetic field current is
supplied by a separate DC power source;
Induction machines – the magnetic field current is
supplied by magnetic induction (transformer action)
into their field windings.
The field circuits of most AC machines are located on
their rotors.
Every AC (or DC) motor or generator has two parts:
rotating part (rotor) and a stationary part (stator).
Type of Electric Motors
Classification of Motors

Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC) Motors


Motors

Synchronous Induction Separately Excited Self Excited

Single-Phase Three-Phase Series Compound Shunt

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Type of Electric Motors
DC motors
• Speed control without impact power
supply quality
• Changing armature voltage
• Changing field current

• Restricted use
• Few low/medium speed applications
• Clean, non-hazardous areas

• Expensive compared to AC motors


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Type of Electric Motors
AC Motors
• Electrical current reverses direction
• Two parts: stator and rotor
• Stator: stationary electrical component
• Rotor: rotates the motor shaft

• Speed difficult to control


• Two types
• Synchronous motor
• Induction motor

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Basics of a Electric Motor

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6
Notations

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AC MOTORS
Fundamental Operation

• AC Motors convert AC
energy into mechanical
energy
• Typical components
include
– Stator (field pole winding)
– Rotor

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 8


Stator/Rotor
Action
• The diagram to the
right demonstrates
one complete AC
cycle being applied
to the windings of an
AC motor

Pr. Anis AMMOUS


Stator Construction
• Two-phase operation is necessary to create the magnetic
field conditions needed to generate torque in an AC motor
• Phase 1 is applied to the vertical stator windings
• Phase 2 is applied to the horizontal stator windings

10

Pr. Anis AMMOUS


The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two
magnetic fields: rotor magnetic field and stator
magnetic field and make the stator field rotating. In this
situation, the rotor will constantly turning to align its
magnetic field with the stator field.
The fundamental principle of AC machine operation is
to make a 3-phase set of currents, each of equal
magnitude and with a phase difference of 120o, to
flow in a 3-phase winding. In this situation, a constant
magnitude rotating field will be generated.
The 3-phase winding consists of 3 separate windings
spaced 120o apart around the surface of the machine.
Pr. Anis AMMOUS 12
Three-Phase
• Three-phase power is commonly used in industrial
factories
• Three-phase power is ideal for powering rotating stator
fields in motors

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 13


Pr. Anis AMMOUS 14
Three-Phase Motors

Three-phase stator and three voltage sine waves.


Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between poles


1A and 1B.
Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between poles


of phases 1 and 2.
Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between poles


2A and 2B.
Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between phases


2 and 3.
Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between poles


3A and 3B.
Three-Phase Motors

The magnetic field is concentrated between phases


1 and 3.
Pr. Anis AMMOUS 22

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