ZULFAZLI BIN MOHD SOFIUDDIN

2019452196 | EMD4M3B

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
___________________________________________________________________________

Program : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220/EM221)

Course : Applied Mechanics Lab
Code : MEC 424
Lecturer : En. Wan Sulaiman bin Wan Mohamad
Group : EMD4M3B
___________________________________________________________________________

MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE : Forced Vibration Experiment – Resonance of Spring-

Dashpot System with Spring

No NAME STUDENT ID SIGNATURE

1 Wan Mohamad Alif B Mohd Roslan 2019688994
2 Wan Haziq Idham Bin Wan Mohd Din 2019818916
3 Zul Adam bin Yahya 2019630878
4 Zulfazli bin Mohd Sofiuddin 2019452196
5 Tengku Fakhruddin Firdaus Bin Tengku 2019495778
Mohd Faris

LABORATORY SESSION : 14/7/2020

(DATE)

REPORT SUBMISSION : 19/7/2020

(DATE)
*By signing above, you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to this
submission is your own work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of academic
misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work, an “F” in the course, or possibly more severe penalties.

Marking Scheme

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total

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FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : Zulfazli bin Mohd Sofiuddin

Member’s Name 1. Tengku Fakhruddin Firdaus Bin Tengku Mohd Faris

2. Wan Haziq Idham bin Wan Mohd Din

3. Wan Muhammad Alif bin Mohd Roslan

4. Zul Adam bin Yahya

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 4 5 5 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 4 5 5 5 5
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 48 50 50 50 50

Comment

Self: I enjoyed doing my task with responsible and hardworking members, so do I.

Member 1: Really committed towards the task given effectively and responsibly.

Member 2: Really committed towards the task given effectively and responsibly.

Member 3: Really committed towards the task given effectively and responsibly.

Member 4: Really committed towards the task given effectively and responsibly.

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Abstract

Forced Vibration Experiment for Resonance of Spring-Dashpot System with Spring is

conducted in order to determine the resonance of the system (Spring-Dashpot System) in
different damping conditions. There are two types of damping system in this experiment which
are undamped system (ζ=0) and underdamped system (0<ζ<1) In order to obtain data for both of
this system state, we need to carried out this experiment by using Universal Vibration System
Apparatus TM150 in which the frequency has being set up from 5 Hz to 15 Hz. Then, the
damper will be located in 4 different conditions which are ‘No Damped’ (650 mm), ‘Damped-
Open’ (150mm), ‘Damped-Closed’ (150 mm) and’ Damped’ (550 mm) After that, we recorded
the vibration wave for each 1 Hz increment and finally we will be able to plot the graph for graph
of amplitude VS frequency. There are slightly different between all the graphs according to their
respective position of the damper because different damper distances provided different shape of
amplitudes.

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Table of Content

Number Contents Pages

Teamwork assessment form 2

Abstract 3

Table of content 4

List of Figures 5

1.0 Introduction 6

3.0 Theory 7-8

4.0 Experimental procedures 9

5.0 Result and discussion 10-24

6.0 Conclusion 25

7.0 References 25

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LIST OF FIGURES

No Figure Page

1. Figure 1.0: Free Body Diagram of Beam 7

2. Figure 1.1: Unknown indicator 8

3. Figure 1.2: The general equation 8

4. Figure 1.4: Indicator for unknowns 8

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Vibration is defined as periodic back-and-forth motion of particles of an elastic body, commonly

resulting when almost any physical system is displaced from its equilibrium condition and
allowed to respond to the forces that tend to restore into equilibrium state. Forced vibration is
vibration that takes place under excitation of external forces. The system will vibrate at the
excitation frequency when the excitation is oscillatory.

The loudness or intensity of sound emitted by a mechanical body depends upon the amplitude of
the vibrating motion. Most sources of sound such as vocal cords and a guitar string would
produce, by themselves, a very faint sound. However, a simple physical system greatly amplifies
this small amount of acoustical energy. This process is known as acoustical resonance.

To understand this phenomenon, the study mechanical resonance is required. A body that is free
to vibrate has natural period of oscillation. A thin rod of steel, if it is struck, will oscillate back
and forth if it is supported at one end. The oscillation will, of course, depend on its mass, length,
and other mechanical properties of the rod. A string or wire that is held taught at its ends will
vibrate when plucked. Its natural frequencies depend on the density, diameter, length, and
tension of the wire. In both cases they oscillate for a time at their own natural periods. They stop
vibrating because they are emitting, and thus losing, energy in the form of acoustical waves.

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate and determine those special conditions that will
produce the phenomenon of resonance. Resonance will occur if the frequency of excitation
coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the system and dangerously large oscillations
may result. This experiment will be conducted with 4 different conditions which is no damped
(650mm), damped (open) (150mm), damped (closed) (150mm) and damped (closed) (550mm).

3.0 THEORY
Forced Vibration

Vibration is concerned with the oscillatory motion of bodies and the forces associated with them.
All bodies possessing mass and electricity are capable of vibrations (William Thomson 1972).
Another simple definition for vibrations is known as oscillatory motion that either simple or
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random (Pratik Muliya et. Al 2016). There are two classes of vibration which are Free vibration
and Forces vibration.

• Free Vibration takes place when a system oscillates under the action of forces inherent in
the system itself, and when external impressed forced are absent.
• Forced vibration takes place under excitation of external forces. In this experiment, we
will deal with forced vibration. In other words, for forced vibration is the tendency of one
object to force another adjoining or interconnected object into vibrational motion.
Resonance

Resonance is described as the phenomenon of increased amplitude that happens when the
frequency of periodically applied forced is equal close to a natural frequency of a system. In
other words, when one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces
that second object into vibrational motion.

Based on the experiment, we can make a draft which is to describe where its position their length
and also their position that located on that beam

Figure 1.0: Free Body Diagram of Beam

Figure 1.1: Unknown indicator

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Based on free body diagram, we can derive a general equation to get value of resonance from
theoretical method.

Figure 1.2: The general equation

To get value of 𝑊𝑏, which is resonance, the value of force is multiplied by distance is included
in equation. Thus,

Figure 1.3: Resonance of Spring-Dashpot Formula

Figure 1.4: Indicator for unknowns

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4.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

1. Set up the apparatus and the control unit (TM 150) is switched on.
2. The control unit is adjusted to desired frequency.
3. The length from the damper to the references point is measured.
4. For the first condition, the damper is removed from the beam.
5. The unbalance exciter is switched on and the frequency is set up from 1 Hz until 14 Hz
with increment of 1 Hz. When frequency is 8 Hz, the increment will be 0.1 Hz until 9 Hz.
6. Then, the drum recorder will take an oscillation from the vibration of the stiff beam
caused by the unbalance exciter.
7. The oscillation characteristics is being observed.
8. The time taken for 10 oscillations is measured and recorded.
9. The observations are compared with the result on the mechanical recorder.
10. The second condition, the damper is attached to the beam at the length 150mm and the
damper is opened to reduce the damping effect. Then, step 5 to 9 is repeated to get the
oscillation data.
11. For the third condition, the damper is attached to the beam at the length 150mm and the
damper is closed. Then, step 5 to 9 is repeated to get the oscillation data.
12. For the fourth condition, the damper is closed but the length is changed to 550mm and
step 5 to 9 is repeated.

The data is recorded in the table and the graph is plotted.

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5.0 RESULT

Tabulated results:
Frequency Amplitude, Xm (mm)
(Hz) No Damped Damped Damped Damped
Open – 150mm Closed – 150mm Closed – 550mm

0 0 0 0 0
5.0 0.5 0.75 0.9 0.5
6.0 0.5 2.5 1.4 0.5
7.0 1.0 3.5 3.1 0.7
8.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.9
8.1 3.0 1.5 1.5 1.9
8.2 3.0 1.35 1.4 2.5
8.3 4.0 1.1 1.5 2.5
8.4 5.5 1.1 1.1 2.5
8.5 11.0 1.05 1.1 2.0
8.6 13.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
8.7 18.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
8.8 13.0 1.05 1.1 2.0
8.9 7.5 1.0 1.0 2.0
9.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 1.5
10.0 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.5
11.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0
12.0 1.0 0.85 0.9 1.0
13.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0
14.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5

Table 1 : Overall amplitude of each condition

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SAMPLE CALCULATION (for f = 5.0 Hz)

Applied frequency, ωf :

𝜔𝑓 = 2𝜋𝑓
=2×𝜋×5
= 𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔

Natural frequency. ωn :

1 2
𝐾𝑒𝑞 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
𝜔𝑛 = √ 3
𝑀𝑒𝑞 1
= (1.65 + 0.772) (0.7)2
𝑘𝑥2 3
=√ = 0.4 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚2
𝐼𝑜

3000(0.65)2
√
=
0.4

= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔 *same for each applied frequency

𝜔𝑛
𝑓=
2𝜋
56.26
= = 8.95 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋

Unbalanced force, Fm :

𝐹𝑚 = 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 × 𝑒 × 𝜔𝑓2

= 0.772 × 0.01 × 31.422
= 𝟕. 𝟔𝟐 𝑵

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1. No damped (650 mm)
1 2
+↻ 𝛴 𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼 𝑀
𝑒𝑞 = 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
3
−𝐾𝜃(𝑎) = 𝐼𝑜𝜃
𝐼𝑜𝜃 + 𝐾𝑙2𝜃 = 0

C = 5 Ns/m (open)

Damping ration, ζ :
𝐶𝑙2
𝜁=
2𝜔𝑛𝐼𝑜
5(0)2
=
2
3 (56.26) (2.452) (0.7)
2

=0

Damping frequency, ωd :
𝜔𝑛
𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔𝑛√1 − 2𝜁2 𝑓=
2𝜋
= 56.26√1 − 2(0)2 56.26
= = 8.95 𝐻𝑧
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔 2𝜋

Frequency ratio, r :
𝜔𝑓
𝑟=
𝜔𝑑
31.42
=
56.26
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔

Amplitude ratio :
𝑋𝑚𝐾𝑒𝑞
=
𝐹𝑚
(0.5 × 10−3) (3000) (0.65)2
=
7.62
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐

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f Hz ωf rad/s ωd rad/s ωf/ωd Xm mm Fm N XmKeq/Fm
rad/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 31.42 56.26 0.56 0.50 7.62 0.0832
6.0 37.70 56.26 0.67 0.50 10.97 0.0578
7.0 43.98 56.26 0.78 1.00 14.93 0.0849
8.0 50.27 56.26 0.89 2.00 19.51 0.1300
8.1 50.89 56.26 0.90 3.00 20.00 0.1902
8.2 51.52 56.26 0.92 3.00 20.49 0.1856
8.3 52.15 56.26 0.93 4.00 21.00 0.2415
8.4 52.78 56.26 0.94 5.50 21.50 0.3242
8.5 53.41 56.26 0.95 11.00 22.02 0.6332
8.6 54.04 56.26 0.96 13.00 22.54 0.7310
8.7 54.66 56.26 0.97 18.00 23.07 0.9890
8.8 55.29 56.26 0.98 13.00 23.60 0.6982
8.9 55.92 56.26 0.99 7.50 24.14 0.3938
9.0 56.55 56.26 1.01 6.00 24.69 0.3081
10.0 62.83 56.26 1.12 2.00 30.48 0.0832
11.0 69.12 56.26 1.23 1.10 36.88 0.0378
12.0 75.40 56.26 1.34 1.00 43.89 0.0289
13.0 81.68 56.26 1.45 1.00 51.51 0.0246
14.0 87.96 56.26 1.56 1.00 59.74 0.0212

Table 2 : Results for condition ‘No damped’

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Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio, No damped

1.2

0.8
Amplitude ratio

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80
Frequency ratio

Graph 1 : Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio for condition ‘No

damped’

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2. Damped (150 mm / Open)
Given that;
+↻ 𝛴 𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼 1
2
𝑒𝑞𝑀= 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
3
−𝐶𝜃𝑙 − 𝐾𝜃(𝑎) = 𝐼𝑜𝜃
𝐼𝑜𝜃 + 𝐶𝜃𝑙2 + 𝐾𝑥2𝜃 = 0

C = 5 Ns/m (open)

Damping ration, ζ :
𝐶𝑙2
𝜁=
2𝜔𝑛𝐼𝑜
5(0.15)2
=
2
(56.26) (2.452) (0.7)2
3
= 2.50 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

Damping frequency, ωd :
𝜔𝑛
𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔𝑛√1 − 2𝜁2 𝑓=
2𝜋
= 56.26√1 − 2(2.50 × 10−2)2 56.26
= = 8.95 𝐻𝑧
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔 2𝜋

Frequency ratio, r :
𝜔𝑓
𝑟=
𝜔𝑑
31.42
=
56.26
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔

Amplitude ratio :
𝑋𝑚𝐾𝑒𝑞
=
𝐹𝑚
(0.5 × 10−3)(3000)(0.65)2
=
7.62
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐

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f Hz ωf rad/s ωd rad/s ωf/ωd Xm mm Fm N XmKeq/Fm
rad/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 31.42 56.26 0.56 0.50 7.62 0.0832
6.0 37.70 56.26 0.67 0.50 10.97 0.0578
7.0 43.98 56.26 0.78 1.00 14.93 0.0849
8.0 50.27 56.26 0.89 2.00 19.51 0.1300
8.1 50.89 56.26 0.90 3.00 20.00 0.1902
8.2 51.52 56.26 0.92 3.00 20.49 0.1856
8.3 52.15 56.26 0.93 4.00 21.00 0.2415
8.4 52.78 56.26 0.94 5.50 21.50 0.3242
8.5 53.41 56.26 0.95 11.00 22.02 0.6332
8.6 54.04 56.26 0.96 13.00 22.54 0.7310
8.7 54.66 56.26 0.97 18.00 23.07 0.9890
8.8 55.29 56.26 0.98 13.00 23.60 0.6982
8.9 55.92 56.26 0.99 7.50 24.14 0.3938
9.0 56.55 56.26 1.01 6.00 24.69 0.3081
10.0 62.83 56.26 1.12 2.00 30.48 0.0832
11.0 69.12 56.26 1.23 1.10 36.88 0.0378
12.0 75.40 56.26 1.34 1.00 43.89 0.0289
13.0 81.68 56.26 1.45 1.00 51.51 0.0246
14.0 87.96 56.26 1.56 1.00 59.74 0.0212

Table 3 : Results for condition ‘Damped, Open – 150 mm’

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Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio, Damped, Open - 150 mm

0.35

0.3

0.25
Amplitude ratio

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Frequency ratio

Graph 2 : Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio for condition

‘Damped, Open – 150 mm’

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3. Damped (150 mm / Closed)
Given that;
+↻ 𝛴 𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼 1
2
𝑒𝑞𝑀= 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
3
−𝐶𝜃𝑙 − 𝐾𝜃(𝑎) = 𝐼𝑜𝜃
𝐼𝑜𝜃 + 𝐶𝜃𝑙2 + 𝐾𝑥2𝜃 = 0

C = 15 Ns/m (open)

Damping ration, ζ :
𝐶𝑙2
𝜁=
2𝜔𝑛𝐼𝑜
15(0.15)2
=
2
(56.26)(2.452)(0.7) 2
3
= 7.49 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

Damping frequency, ωd :
𝜔𝑛
𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔𝑛√1 − 2𝜁2 𝑓=
2𝜋
= 56.26√1 − 2(7.49 × 10−2)2 56.26
= = 8.95 𝐻𝑧
= 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔 2𝜋

Frequency ratio, r :
𝜔𝑓
𝑟=
𝜔𝑑
31.42
=
56.26
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔

Amplitude ratio :
𝑋𝑚𝐾𝑒𝑞
=
𝐹𝑚
(0.5 × 10−3)(3000)(0.65)2
=
7.62
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐

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f Hz ωf rad/s ωd rad/s ωf/ωd Xm mm Fm N XmKeq/Fm
rad/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 31.42 56.26 0.56 0.90 7.62 0.1497
6.0 37.70 56.26 0.67 1.40 10.97 0.1617
7.0 43.98 56.26 0.78 3.10 14.93 0.2631
8.0 50.27 56.26 0.89 1.50 19.51 0.0975
8.1 50.89 56.26 0.90 1.50 20.00 0.0951
8.2 51.52 56.26 0.92 1.40 20.49 0.0866
8.3 52.15 56.26 0.93 1.50 21.00 0.0906
8.4 52.78 56.26 0.94 1.10 21.50 0.0648
8.5 53.41 56.26 0.95 1.10 22.02 0.0633
8.6 54.04 56.26 0.96 1.00 22.54 0.0562
8.7 54.66 56.26 0.97 1.00 23.07 0.0549
8.8 55.29 56.26 0.98 1.10 23.60 0.0591
8.9 55.92 56.26 0.99 1.00 24.14 0.0525
9.0 56.55 56.26 1.01 1.00 24.69 0.0513
10.0 62.83 56.26 1.12 0.90 30.48 0.0374
11.0 69.12 56.26 1.23 0.90 36.88 0.0309
12.0 75.40 56.26 1.34 0.90 43.89 0.0260
13.0 81.68 56.26 1.45 0.80 51.51 0.0197
14.0 87.96 56.26 1.56 0.80 59.74 0.0170

Table 4 : Results for condition ‘Damped, Closed – 150 mm’

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Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio, Damped / Closed - 150 mm

0.3

0.25

0.2
Amplitude ratio

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Frequency ratio

Graph 3 : Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio for

condition ‘Damped, Closed – 150 mm’

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4. Damped (550 mm / Closed)
Given that,
+↻ 𝛴 𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼 1
2
𝑒𝑞𝑀= 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
3
−𝐶𝜃𝑙 − 𝐾𝜃(𝑎) = 𝐼𝑜𝜃
𝐼𝑜𝜃 + 𝐶𝜃𝑙2 + 𝐾𝑥2𝜃 = 0

C = 15 Ns/m (open)

Damping ration, ζ :
𝐶𝑙2
𝜁=
2𝜔𝑛𝐼𝑜
15(0.55)2
=
2
(56.26) (2.452) (0.7)2
3
= 0.1007 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

Damping frequency, ωd :
𝜔𝑛
𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔𝑛√1 − 2𝜁2 𝑓=
2𝜋
= 56.26√1 − 2(0.1007)2 55.69
= = 8.86 𝐻𝑧
= 𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔 2𝜋

Frequency ratio, r :
𝜔𝑓
𝑟=
𝜔𝑑
31.42
=
55.69
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔

Amplitude ratio:
𝑋𝑚𝐾𝑒𝑞
=
𝐹𝑚
(0.5 × 10−3) (3000) (0.65)2
=
7.62
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐

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f Hz ωf rad/s ωd rad/s ωf/ωd Xm mm Fm N XmKeq/Fm
rad/s
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 31.42 55.69 0.56 0.40 7.62 0.08318
6.0 37.70 55.69 0.68 0.50 10.97 0.05776
7.0 43.98 55.69 0.79 0.70 14.93 0.05941
8.0 50.27 55.69 0.90 1.90 19.51 0.12347
8.1 50.89 55.69 0.91 1.90 20.00 0.12044
8.2 51.52 55.69 0.93 2.50 20.49 0.15463
8.3 52.15 55.69 0.94 2.50 21.00 0.15092
8.4 52.78 55.69 0.95 2.50 21.50 0.14735
8.5 53.41 55.69 0.96 2.00 22.02 0.11512
8.6 54.04 55.69 0.97 2.00 22.54 0.11246
8.7 54.66 55.69 0.98 2.00 23.07 0.10989
8.8 55.29 55.69 0.99 2.00 23.60 0.10741
8.9 55.92 55.69 1.00 2.00 24.14 0.10501
9.0 56.55 55.69 1.02 1.50 24.69 0.07702
10.0 62.83 55.69 1.13 1.50 30.48 0.06238
11.0 69.12 55.69 1.24 1.00 36.88 0.03437
12.0 75.40 55.69 1.35 1.00 43.89 0.02888
13.0 81.68 55.69 1.47 1.00 51.51 0.02461
14.0 87.96 55.69 1.58 0.50 59.74 0.01061

Table 5 : Results for condition ‘Damped, Closed – 550 mm’

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Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio, Damped / Closed - 550

0.1 mm
8

0.16

0.14
Amplitude ratio

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
0 Frequency
ratio

Graph 4 : Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio for

condition ‘Damped, Closed – 550 mm’

Overall Amplitude ratio VS Frequency ratio

1.2

1
Amplitude ratio

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80
Frequency ratio

No damped Damped, Open - 150 mm

Damped, Closed - 150 mm Damped, Closed - 550 mm

Graph 5 : Overall Amplitude ratio VS Frequency for each condition

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DISCUSSION

From the experiment, the resonance of the Spring-Dashpot System in different damping
conditions was able to be determined. In the experiment, there are 4 damping conditions that
were tested, which are, no damped, open damped at 150mm, closed damped at 150mm and
closed damped at 550mm.

𝑋𝑚 𝐾
Using the formula , the amplitude ratio was able to be calculated. The calculation
𝐹𝑚

done has shown that without the damper (no damped), the value of the amplitude ratio is the
largest at 2.21 at a frequency of 8.7Hz. A damper is to absorb vibrations and it is proven that
without it, the amplitude ratio is high.

The other conditions that includes a damper whether open or closed, affects the
amplitude ratio by absorbing the vibrations. An open damper has a higher amplitude ratio than
a closed damper. From the results, for open damper (150mm) at 6Hz, the amplitude ratio is at
0.82, however, for closed damper (150mm) at 6Hz, the highest amplitude ratio is 1.09.

There are a few conditions that might affect the accuracy of the results and cause errors.
Random errors can be corrected by repeating the experiment more times and taking the average
amplitude will increase the accuracy. Systematic error from the damper not being properly
closed tightly will cause errors when the experiment is done and leakage of the hydraulic fluid
in the damper might be less than the volume needed to function properly can cause errors.
Parallax errors while reading the amplitude can cause errors due to the unclear image of the
results.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the experiment conducted is able to achieve the objectives. Based on the
data obtained, it can be concluded that the experiment is done well because it matches the
theoretical aspect for that particular topic. As for the errors, there are some improvement that
can be considered in order to achieve a more desirable data. For example, the machine needs to
be well maintained every time the lab has finished. All in all, the experiment is a success.

7.0 REFERENCES

• Meriam, J., Kraige, L., & Bolton, J. (2016). Engineering Mechanics DYNAMICS.
River Street, Hoboken: WILEY
• R.C, H. (2007). Engineering Mechanics Dynamics 11th Edition in SI Units : Vibration.
In
Jurong, Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Hibbeler, R.C. (2007). Engineering Mechanics Dynamics 11th Edition in SI
Units: Vibration (pg 620 to 622). Pearson Education, Inc. In Jurong,

• Singapore Mechanics for Engineers (Dynamics) 13th- edition, R.C Hibbeler and Kai
Beng Yap(2013).

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