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Differential Equations 2 - Stage-Chem - Dep. (2020-2021)

This document discusses separable differential equations. It defines a separable differential equation as one that can be factored into the form y' = M(x)N(y) where M(x) is a function of x and N(y) is a function of y. To solve such an equation, the variables are separated and the equation is integrated on both sides. Three examples are worked through to demonstrate solving separable differential equations and finding particular solutions using initial conditions.

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Amen Harki
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63 views

Differential Equations 2 - Stage-Chem - Dep. (2020-2021)

This document discusses separable differential equations. It defines a separable differential equation as one that can be factored into the form y' = M(x)N(y) where M(x) is a function of x and N(y) is a function of y. To solve such an equation, the variables are separated and the equation is integrated on both sides. Three examples are worked through to demonstrate solving separable differential equations and finding particular solutions using initial conditions.

Uploaded by

Amen Harki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Equations

2nd-Stage-Chem.Dep. (2020-2021)
Lecturer: Sarteep A. Jabbar
Lecture 2

Separable Differential Equations


A separable D. E. is the equation of the form 𝐹𝐹 (𝑥𝑥 , 𝑦𝑦 , 𝑦𝑦́ ) = 0 which can be
factored 𝑦𝑦́ = 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥 )𝑁𝑁(𝑦𝑦) where 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥) is the function of 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑁𝑁(𝑦𝑦) is the
function of 𝑦𝑦, it means that separated to two disjoint parts.
To find a general solution for a first order separable D. F., we use integrate both
sides of the differential equation after you have separated the variables.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥)𝑁𝑁(𝑦𝑦) → = 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 → ∫ 𝑁𝑁(𝑦𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑁𝑁(𝑦𝑦)

In order to find a general solution, you will have to be able to find an


antiderivative on both sides of the integral equation.

Examples
1) Solve 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦́ = 0

2) Solve 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑥 + (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2)𝑦𝑦́ = 0

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 sin(𝑥𝑥)
3) Solve + = 0 where 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦

(Hint: when the question gives initial value, we must find the particular solution)
Solution of (1) :
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦́ = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 2 =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑦𝑦

1
� � 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2 ln(𝑦𝑦) + 𝐶𝐶 where 𝐶𝐶 is a constant
2

𝑥𝑥 2 = 4 ln(𝑦𝑦) + 𝑘𝑘

Solution of (2) :
2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑥 + (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2)𝑦𝑦́ = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2𝑥𝑥(𝑦𝑦 + 3) + (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2) =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥 2 − 2) = −2𝑥𝑥(𝑦𝑦 + 3)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2𝑥𝑥
= − (𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑦𝑦+3) − 2)

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2𝑥𝑥
∫ (𝑦𝑦+3) = − ∫ (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

ln(𝑦𝑦 + 3) = − ln(𝑥𝑥 2 − 2) + 𝐶𝐶
Solution of (3) :
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 sin(𝑥𝑥)
+ =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 sin(𝑥𝑥)
=−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦

𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = − sin(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑


∫ 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = − ∫ sin(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
� � 𝑦𝑦 2 = cos(𝑥𝑥) + 𝐶𝐶
2

𝑦𝑦 = �2 cos(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑘𝑘 (General Solution)

To finding the particular solution we must using 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1

1 = �2 cos(0) + 𝑘𝑘

1 = √2 + 𝑘𝑘
1 = 2 + 𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘 = −1

⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = �2 cos(𝑥𝑥) − 1 (Particular Solution)

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