CCNA COMMAND WITH EXPLANATION

IP ROUTING

#sh ip route - To view IP routing tables created on a Cisco router.

 Static Routing- Routers are manually configured for networks that are not directly
connected, to be able to route to all networks via the next-hop interface.

Example- Let 192.168.30.0/24 be the IP of a network not directly

connected Let 192.168.20.2 be the next hop interface

(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2

 To remove static route

(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2

 Default Routing- Used on stub networks only to send packets with remote
destination network not in the routing table to the next hop router.

(Assume IP 192.168.40.1 is not in routing table)

 first remove static route

(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.40.1

(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1

 RIP-A distance vector routing protocol that passes complete routing table
contents to neighbouring routers

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of

a router interfaces and 192.168.30.0 be non-directly connected

 first delete all static routes

(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2

(config)#router rip
(config-router)#192.168.10.0
(config-router)#192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z

 Verifying RIP
1.Sh ip route
2.debug ip

 Holding Down RIP Propagation-To stop RIP update sending but allow its
receipt -say for s0/0 with ip 192.168.10.0
(config)#router rip
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0

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 IGRP-Also a distance routing protocol

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a router

interfaces with autonomous system number of 10 and 192.168.30.0 be non-directly
connected

#router igrp 10
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z

 Verifying IGRP
1.sh ip route

2.sh protocols- Displays routed protocols and their interfaces

3.sh ip protocols- Displays routing protocols configured
4.debug igrp events- Displays summary of IGRP routing information running on the
network
5.debug igrp transactions- Displays messages request from neighbour routers

 Turning off all possible

debugging #un all

 EIGRP-Uses classless routing which is subnet mask information sent with routing
protocol updates.

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a router

interfaces with autonomous system number of 20 and 192.168.30.0 be non-directly
connected

#router eigrp 20
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z

 To stop EIGRP from working on an interface-no sending no

receipt (config)#router eigrp 20

(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0

 To enable EIGRP on discontiguos networks(two different subnetworks of classfull

network connected by another different classful subnetwork)

Example- Let 172.16.0.0 & 10.0.0.0 be directly connected to a router to another

remote subnetwork of 192.168.10.0, then to enable EIGRP, we use

(config)#router eigrp 100

(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

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(config-router)#no auto-summary

 N.B-The no auto-summary command sholuld be enabled in routers that

encloses such networks.

 Verifying EIGRP
1.1. sh ip route- Shows entire routing table
1.2. sh ip route eigrp- Shows only EIGRP entries in the routing table
1.3. ip eigrp neighbours- Shows all EIGRP neighbours
1.4. ip eigrp topology- Shows entries in the EIGRP topology table

 OSPF- A link-state routing protocol

Example- Let 10.0.0.0 be the network directly connected to the router upon which
OSPF is to be enabled; with ospf ID of 1 and area o

(config)#router ospf 1

(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area0

 Loopback Interface- They are configured to be used as the routers RID to advertise the
routes and elect DR and BDR.

Example- Let the loopback iinterface be configured on interface with ip 172.16.10.1

(config)#int loopback 0
(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
(config-if)#no shut
(config-if)#^z

 Verifying OSPF Configuration

1.1. sho ip ospf- Used to display all OSPF information

1.2. sho ip ospf database- indicates the number of links and neighboring router ID
1.3. sho ip ospf interface- Displays all OSPF interface related info
1.4. sho ip ospf neighbour- Summarizes OSPF info about neighbours
1.5. sho ip protocols- Overview of all present running protocols

 Verifying Loopback and RID

1. sho running-config- To verify loopback address

2. sho ip ospf database- Verifies the new RID of each router
3. sho ip ospf interface- Verifies the new RID of each router

 Initial configuration of a 1900 Switch with ip 172.16.10.16

>en
#config t
(config)#enable password level 1 kennifeh

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(config)#enable password level 15 kennifeh 1

(config)#enable secret kennifeh 2 (when enabled no need 4 enable password)
(config)#hostname kenn 1900
(config)#ip address 172.16.10.16 255.255.255.0
(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.10.1 (config)#int f0/1
(config-if)#description Finance_vlan (No space for 1900)
(config-if)#int f0/26
(config-if)#description Trunk_to_Biulding
(config-if)#exit

 Initail Configuration of 2950 Switch with ip 172.16.10.17 255.255.255.0

>en
#config t(config)#hostame kenn2950
(config)#enable password kenn
(config)#enable password kenn1 (enable and enable secret password must be different)
(config)#line vty 0 15
(config-line)#login
(config-line)#password telnet
(config-line)#line con 0
(config-line)#login
(config-line)#password console
(config-line)#exit
(config)#int vlan 1
(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.17 255.255.255.0
(config-if)#no shut
(config-if)#int f0/1
(config-if)#description sales printer(with space)
(config-if)#int f0/12
(config-if)description connection to backbone
(config-if)#exit
(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.10.1
(config)
 Erasing Switching Configuration 1900

#delete nvram yes

 Erasing Switching Configuration 2950

#erase startup-config Enter

 Configuring VLANS 1900

>en #config t
(config)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(config)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(config)#vlan 4 name Comptia
(config)#exit

 verify with command sh run

Configuring for 2950

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>en
#vlan database
(vlan)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(vlan)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(vlan)#vlan 4 name
Comptia (vlan)#apply
(vlan)#^c

 Verify with command sh vlan brief

Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan-1900

(config)#int e0/2
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 2
(config-if)#int e0/3
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 3
(config-if)#exit

 Verify with sh vlan

Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan-2950

(config)#int f0/2
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
(config-if)#int f0/3
(config-t)#switchport access vlan 3
(config-if)#int f0/4
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
(config-if)#verify with sh vlan brief

 Configuring Trunks ports

(config)#int f0/26
(config-if)#trunk on

 Configuring Trunk Ports for 2950

(config)#int f0/12
(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
(config-if)#^z
 To disable Trunk use- switchport mode access
 To verify Trunking use sh running config
 Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 1900 connecting to 2600

(config)#int f0/0.1
(config-if)#encapsulation isl vlan (d number)
 Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 2950 connecting to 2600
(config)#int f0/0.1
(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q vlan (d number)

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 Configuring VTP for 1900

(config)#vtp server
(config)vtp domain kenn
(config)#vtp password kenn

 Configuring VTP for 2950

(config)#vtp mode server

(config)#vtp domain routersim
(config)#^z

 Verify with sh vtp status

 Checking the Current Configuration Register Values
 Show version or show ver
 Changing Configuration Register

(config)#config-register 0x101 (d default is 0x2102) (config)#^z

 Recovering Passwords

1. Interrupt the Router Boot Sequene

ctrl+Break key (windows wont perform break key, only 95/98)

2. Changing the configuration register -for 2600 series router

rammon>confreg 0x2142
3. for 2500
type 0 after a break and enter the command o/r 0x2142
4. Reloading the Router and Entering Privilged mode -for 2600-type reset

5. Viewing and changing the

configuration -copy run start

6. Resetting the configuration Register and Reloading

the Router -config t

 Backing up and restoring the Cisco ios

verifying flash memory-Ensuring flash memory has enough

room router#sh flash

 Backing-up the ciso ios

first verify server connectivity by-

Router#ping 192.168.0.120
then;
router#copy flash tftp

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 Restoring or upgrading the cisco

router

ios router#copy tftp flash

[confirm][ENTER]
?[ENTER]

 Backing up and Restoring the Cisco configuration

 Backing up the cisco router configuration -copy runing config tftp

 Verifying the current configuration -sh run
 copying the current cofiguration to NVRAM -copy run start
 copying the current configuration to a TFTP server -copy run TFTP
 Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration
 copy TFTP run
 Erasing the configuration -erase startup-config

 Getting CDP timers and Holdtime

information Router#config t
Router(config)#cdp timer 90
Router(config)#cdp holdtime 240
Router(config)#^z

 To turn-off CDP Completely-no cdp run

 Gathering Neighbour information
kenn2509#sh cdp nei
 delivers information about directly connected devices OR
kenn2509#sh cdp neighbour
 detail Also sh cdp entry

 Gathering Interface Traffic

Information kenn2509#sh cdp
traffic
 Gathering port and Interface
information kenn2509#sh cdp interface

 To turn off cdp on a

router, use no cdp
enable then ^z

 Using Telnet
kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2

 Telnetting into multiple devices

simultaneously kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2
then, 2501B>{cntl+shift+6, then x}

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 Checking Telnet connections

kenn2509#sh sessions-connections from your router to remote

 Checking Telnet users

kenn2509#sh user

 Closing Telnet sessions

1900switch>exit OR
kenn2509#disconnect1 (num of active networks)

 Resolving Hostname
kenn2509#config t
kenn2509(config)#ip host 2501B 172.16.10.2
kenn2509(config)#ip host 1900switch 192.168.0.148
kenn2509(config)#^z

 To remove a hostname from a table, use

RouterA(config)#no ip host routerB

 Using DNS to resolve names

#config t
(config)#ip domain-lookup (usually turned on by default)
(config)#ip name-server 192.168.0.70 (ip of an assumed DNS set)
(config)#ip domain-name kenn.com (Appends the domain name to a host)
(config)#^z

 Check Network Connectivity use ping command

#ping kenn2509

 Using Traceroute
command #trace
2501B

 Creating a Standard Access Lists (1-99 or 1,300-1,999)

(config)#access-list 10 deny 172.16.30.2 (using the ip as a test)

 Controlling vty(Telnet) sessions

(config)#access-list 50 permit 172.16.30.2
(config)#line vty 0 4
(config-line)#access-class 50 in

 Creating Extended Access-lists (100 to 199) OR (2000 to 2699)

(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2

eq 23 log (config)#access-list 110 permit ip any any
(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip access-group 110 in
(config-if)#ipaccess-group 110 out

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