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Mechanical Vibrations MEC4110 Unit I

The document provides an overview of mechanical vibrations and vibration analysis. It discusses the vibration analysis procedure, which involves mathematical modeling, deriving governing equations, and solving the equations. Mathematical modeling is the first and most important step, where the system is represented using analytical equations that capture its key behaviors. Modeling typically starts simply and is then refined. Examples are provided of developing 1, 2, and 3 degree-of-freedom mathematical models to analyze vehicle and bicycle vibrations. Methods for combining springs in series and parallel are also outlined. Finally, examples of deriving equivalent spring constants are presented.

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312 views10 pages

Mechanical Vibrations MEC4110 Unit I

The document provides an overview of mechanical vibrations and vibration analysis. It discusses the vibration analysis procedure, which involves mathematical modeling, deriving governing equations, and solving the equations. Mathematical modeling is the first and most important step, where the system is represented using analytical equations that capture its key behaviors. Modeling typically starts simply and is then refined. Examples are provided of developing 1, 2, and 3 degree-of-freedom mathematical models to analyze vehicle and bicycle vibrations. Methods for combining springs in series and parallel are also outlined. Finally, examples of deriving equivalent spring constants are presented.

Uploaded by

niaz kilam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mechanical Vibrations

MEC4110
Unit I

Dr. Arshad Hussain Khan


Department of Mechanical Engineering
Zakir Husain College of Engg. & Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Lecture 2
Contents
• Vibration Analysis Procedure

• Mathematical Modelling

• Combination of springs

• Equivalent Stiffness
Vibration Analysis Procedure
• Mathematical Modeling
 Represent all the important features of the system for deriving the
mathematical (or analytical) equations governing the behaviour of the
system.
 Involves great deal of engineering judgment to come up with a suitable
mathematical model.
 Start with elementary model to get a quick insight into the overall behaviour
of the system and subsequently, the model is refined.

• Derivation of Governing Equations


Principles of dynamics employed for deriving the equations that describe the
vibration of the system. These equations are either differential equations or
integro-differential equations.

• Solution of the Governing Equations


Standard methods of solving differential equations, Laplace transform
methods, matrix methods, and numerical methods may be employed to
get the response of vibrating system.
• Interpretation of the Results
The response results in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, strain
or stress are interpreted for the possible design implications of the
results.
Mathematical Modeling
Ques. Physical system representing a rider driving a bike. Develop
a sequence of three step mathematical model to investigate the vertical
vibration of the bike. Consider the elasticity of tyres, elasticity and
damping of struts (in vertical direction, mass, elasticity and damping of
rider and masses of the wheel.

First Step (Crudest Model, Single DOF model): Total mass of


bike, wheels and rider = meq , Equivalent stiffness of rider,
tyres and struts = Keq, Equivalent damping of rider and struts
= Ceq

Second Step (Refined Model)


OR

Third Step (Re-Refined Model)

Note: Mathematical models are not unique.


Mathematical Modeling
Ques. An automobile moving over a rough road can be modeled
considering (a) weight of the car body, passengers, seats, front wheels,
and rear wheels; (b) elasticity of tyres (suspension), main springs, and
seats; and (c) damping of the seats, shock absorbers, and tires. Develop
three mathematical models of the system using a gradual refinement in
the modeling process.

First Step (Crudest Model, Single DOF model): Total mass of car
body, passenger, seats and wheels and rider = meq , Equivalent
stiffness of tyres, springs and seats = Keq, Equivalent damping of
seats, shock absorber and tyres= Ceq
Third Step (Re-Refined Model)
Second Step (Refined Model)

Note: This is not a unique solution.


Combination of Springs

Springs in Parallel.

Springs in Series.

In many applications, springs are connected to rigid components such as pulleys, levers, and gears. In
such cases, an equivalent spring constant can be found using energy equivalence.
Equivalent Stiffness
Ques: A hinged rigid bar of length l is connected by two springs of
stiffnesses k1 and k2 and is subjected to a force F as shown. Assuming that
the angular displacement(q) of the bar is small, find the equivalent spring
constant of the system that relates the applied force F to the resulting
displacement x.
Equivalent Stiffness
Ques: Find the equivalent spring constant of the system in the
direction of q.

Ques: Figure shows an air spring. This


type of spring is generally used for
obtaining very low natural frequencies
while maintaining zero deflection under
static loads. Find the spring constant of
this air spring by assuming that the
pressure p and volume v change
adiabatically when the mass m moves.
Problems
Ques 1: Find the equivalent spring constant of the system
shown in Fig. in the direction of the load P.

Ques 2: Derive the expression for the equivalent spring constant


that relates the applied force F to the resulting displacement x of
the system shown in Fig.. Assume the displacement of the link to
be small.
Thank you and
queries?

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