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Manipulation: Column Constraints

This document summarizes SQL statements for manipulating data in database tables. It describes column constraints like primary keys, unique constraints, nullability, and defaults that can be set when creating a table. It also explains the CREATE TABLE, INSERT, ALTER TABLE, DELETE, and UPDATE statements for adding, modifying, and removing data from tables.

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Zeyad Alodat
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

Manipulation: Column Constraints

This document summarizes SQL statements for manipulating data in database tables. It describes column constraints like primary keys, unique constraints, nullability, and defaults that can be set when creating a table. It also explains the CREATE TABLE, INSERT, ALTER TABLE, DELETE, and UPDATE statements for adding, modifying, and removing data from tables.

Uploaded by

Zeyad Alodat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn SQL

Manipulation
Column Constraints
Column constraints are the rules applied to the values of
individual columns: CREATE TABLE student (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
●
PRIMARY KEY constraint can be used to name TEXT UNIQUE,
uniquely identify the row. grade INTEGER NOT NULL,
●
UNIQUE columns have a di erent value for every age INTEGER DEFAULT 10
row. );
●
NOT NULL columns must have a value.
●
DEFAULT assigns a default value for the column
when no value is speci ed.

There can be only one PRIMARY KEY column per


table and multiple UNIQUE columns.

CREATE TABLE Statment


The CREATE TABLE statement creates a new table in
a database. It allows one to specify the name of the table CREATE TABLE table_name (
and the name of each column in the table. column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype
);

INSERT Statement
The INSERT INTO statement is used to add a new
record (row) to a table. -- Insert into columns in order:
It has two forms as shown: INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2);
● Insert into columns in order.

● Insert into columns by name. -- Insert into columns by name:


INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2)
VALUES (value1, value2);

ALTER TABLE Statement


The ALTER TABLE statement is used to modify the
columns of an existing table. When combined with the ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD COLUMN clause, it is used to add a new column. ADD column_name datatype;

/
DELETE Statement
The DELETE statement is used to delete records (rows)
in a table. The WHERE clause speci es which record or
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value;
records that should be deleted. If the WHERE clause is
omitted, all records will be deleted.

UPDATE Statement
The UPDATE statement is used to edit records (rows) in
a table. It includes a SET clause that indicates the
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2
column to edit and a WHERE clause for specifying the
record(s).
WHERE some_column = some_value;

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