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Thévenin

Thévenin's theorem states that any electrical circuit containing voltage sources, current sources, and resistors can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor. To calculate the Thévenin equivalent, the output voltage is first measured with no load and the output current is measured with a short circuit, then the voltage is divided by the current to determine the equivalent resistor value. The Thévenin equivalent circuit simplifies complex circuits to a single voltage source in series with a resistor.

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Rakesh Choudhary
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39 views1 page

Thévenin

Thévenin's theorem states that any electrical circuit containing voltage sources, current sources, and resistors can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor. To calculate the Thévenin equivalent, the output voltage is first measured with no load and the output current is measured with a short circuit, then the voltage is divided by the current to determine the equivalent resistor value. The Thévenin equivalent circuit simplifies complex circuits to a single voltage source in series with a resistor.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Choudhary
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thévenin's theorem

In circuit theory, Thévenin's theorem for linear electrical networks states that any combination
of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to a
single voltage source V and a single series resistor R. For single frequency AC systems the
theorem can also be applied to general impedances, not just resistors. This theorem states that a
circuit of voltage sources and resistors can be converted into a Thévenin equivalent, which is a
simplification technique used in circuit analysis. The Thévenin equivalent can be used as a good
model for a power supply or battery (with the resistor representing the internal impedance and
the source representing the electromotive force). The circuit consists of an ideal voltage source in
series with an ideal resistor.

Calculating the Thévenin equivalent


To calculate the equivalent circuit, the resistance and voltage are needed, so two equations are
required. These two equations are usually obtained by using the following steps, but any
conditions placed on the terminals of the circuit should also work:

1. Calculate the output voltage, VAB, when in open circuit condition (no load resistor—
meaning infinite resistance). This is VTh.
2. Calculate the output current, IAB, when the output terminals are short circuited (load
resistance is 0). RTh equals VTh divided by this IAB.

The equivalent circuit is a voltage source with voltage VTh in series with a resistance RTh.

Step 2 could also be thought of as:

2a. Replace voltage sources with short circuits, and current sources with open circuits.
2b. Calculate the resistance between terminals A and B. This is RTh.

The Thévenin-equivalent voltage is the voltage at the output terminals of the original circuit.
When calculating a Thévenin-equivalent voltage, the voltage divider principle is often useful, by
declaring one terminal to be Vout and the other terminal to be at the ground point.

The Thévenin-equivalent resistance is the resistance measured across points A and B "looking
back" into the circuit. It is important to first replace all voltage- and current-sources with their
internal resistances. For an ideal voltage source, this means replace the voltage source with a
short circuit. For an ideal current source, this means replace the current source with an open
circuit. Resistance can then be calculated across the terminals using the formulae for series and
parallel circuits. This method is valid only for circuits with independent sources. If there are
dependent sources in the circuit, another method must be used such as connecting a test source
across A and B and calculating the voltage across or current through the test source.

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