DC and I PT 2 (Communication Using The Internet)
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Ashley JosephDC and I PT 2 (Communication Using The Internet)
Uploaded by
Ashley JosephCommunication using The Internet
The intenet is often refersed to as the information superhighway. It is basically a network of
networks that connects computers on a global basis. The most important fact to remember is
that no governament, organization or individual controls the internet.
Computer can be connected to the internet through communication links such as telephone
lines, cable and satellite. In order to connect a person would have to be in possession of an
internet abled device, a modem, an ISP and a communications link.
Internet software requirements
To connect to the interent and access information or other services, you would need an
implementation of the software TCP/IP ( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol ).
TCP/IP is a set of rules that defines how computers interact and communicate with each other
to transfer data from one pc to another over the internet.
Internet addresses
Since the internet is basicallly a network of networks, there must be a way to tell the difference
between one or more computers on that network. Each computer or internet abled device is
called a node and each node has a specific address that is uniquely for that device, it is called IP
(internet protocol) addresses. IP addresses are 32 bit addresses that consists of 4 set of three
numbers that is separated by full stops. E.g 197.255.2.10
Each one of the 4 sets of numbers are called an Ocet. So technically there are 4 ocets in a IP
address. For each set of numbers there is always a limit to how far up the number can go. The
furthers for any number in an ocet can go is 255. So the default IP address is 255.255.255.255.
each one of the Ocets are responsible for certain number of IP addresses. An IP Address can
start from 255.255.255.001, the next ip will be 255.255.255.002 and so on
Default IP address
255 255 255 255
. . .
Each website has an IP associated with it. Being humans not all of us have to ability to
remember lon numbers to visit a specific address so they created somerthing that we can easily
rrember which is called Domain Name System (DNS). This feature transforms the IP addresses
to names so its easier to remember. A domain specifies the location of the host computer on
the internet which allows an internet host to find aanother by translating the IP into the host
name. E.G Facebook.com is the host name while the IP address is not the location of the
customer hosted the website.
An Internet email address is also a part of the DNS system, and they are basically 2 main parts
of an internet email address. The first part represents the User ID which describes who is at the
email address and the second part represents the domain name of the address which is
separates the first and second part by the @ symbol. The other component of the second part
is separated by a full stop which represent the extension of the domain the email address was
created for. E.G your-name@ yourdomain.com
The second part of the Internet email address gives the domain name which refers to a
company, organization, governamental department or the internet email provider followed by
the domain name extension. The domain name extension is an easy way to determine the type
of organization the email address is associated with.
For Example: [email protected] shows that ash.joseph91 is my username while it shows
that gmail is my email address provider and that gmail is a commerial company (.com).
World Wide Web
The internet is a network of networks that communicate with each other in different ways while the
World Wide Web uses one specific methods that allows computers to communicate using Hypertext or
Hypermedia documents. When these documents are placed on the World Wide Web, they are called a
webpage which needs a browser to be viewed.
A Hypertext document is a document that contains more than one hyperlinks which connect to
another hypertext document. This second document can be found on the same computer or
another computer either connected by the internet or a server in another part of the building,
country or continent.
Hyperlinks allows you to move easily between one hypertext document to another e.g
Wikipedia.
Hypermedia is a general name for documents that contain links to text, graphics, sound or
video files.
A computer that makes and stores hypertext and hypermedia document is called a web server.
A computer that requests such documents is a client.
A collection of web pages link together on the same web serer and containing similar web
addess is called a website.
Web Browsers
Browsers or Web Browsers are basically a program that lets you find, retrieve, view and send
hypertext and hypermedia documents over the web. All browsers operate almost the same way
and almost the same features such as sending and receiving emails, download msuic, games
and computer software. For browsers to connect to documents, locationor addresses of these
documents must be specific, these addresses are called Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
URLs have 4 basic parts separated by a slash or a double slash.For example:
protocol://server/path/filename
Normally on the WWW the formate would be e.g :
protocol://www.server.domainextension/path/filename
Each part of the 4 basic parts of a Url are:
Protocol : this is usually (http) giving access to a website. A protocol is a way of doing
something or a set of instructions that allows computers to access a website.
www.server.domainextension : is the computer server on which the file is located. This
corresponds to the domain name and the domain name extension e.g yourdomain.com.
Path : this is a path to the directory within the server in which the documents were
placed.
