Exercise 6F

1 a y  tan 3x d y  x 2 tan 12 x  tan  x  12 

Using the result The first term is a product with

y  tan kx 
dy
 k sec 2 kx u  x 2 and v  tan 12 x
dx
du dv 1 2 1
dy  2 x and  sec 2 x
 3sec2 3 x dx dx 2
dx
Using the product rule for the first term:
b y  4 tan x 3

 x 2  12 sec 2 12 x   tan 12 x  2 x
dy
Let u  tan x; then y  4u 3
dx
 sec 2  x  12 
du dy
 sec2 x and  12u 2  12 x 2 sec2 12 x  2 x tan 12 x
dx du
 sec 2  x  12 
Using the chain rule,

dy dy du
2 a y  cot 4 x
   12u 2 sec 2 x
dx du dx
Let u  4 x; then y  cot u
 12 tan 2 x sec2 x
du dy
c y  tan( x  1)  4 and   cosec2 u
dx du
dy Using the chain rule,
 sec2 ( x  1)
dx
dy
 cosec2u  4  4 cosec 2 4 x
dx

b y  sec5x
Let u  5x; then y  sec u

du dy
 5 and  sec u tan u
dx du

Using the chain rule,

dy
 5sec u tan u  5sec5 x tan 5 x
dx

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2 c y  cosec 4 x sec 2 x
f y
x
Let u  4 x; then y  cosec u This is a quotient, so let
u  sec 2 x and v  x
du dy
 4 and   cosec u cot u and use the quotient rule.
dx du du dv
 2sec x (sec x tan x) and 1
Using the chain rule, dx dx

dy dy x (2sec 2 x tan x )  sec 2 x 1

 4cosec u cot u 
dx dx x2
 4cosec 4 x cot 4 x sec 2 x (2 x tan x  1)

x2
d y  sec2 3x  (sec3x)2
Let u  sec3x; then y  u 2 g y  cosec3 2 x

du dy Let u  cosec 2 x; then y  u 3

 3sec3x tan 3x and  2u
dx du
du dy
 2 cosec 2 x cot 2 x and  3u 2
Using the chain rule, dx du

dy dy du Using the chain rule,

 
dx du dx
dy
 2u  3sec 3x tan 3 x  3u 2 (2cosec 2 x cot 2 x )
dx
 2 sec 3x  3sec3 x tan 3x
 6cosec 2 2 x cosec 2 x cot 2 x
 6sec2 3x tan 3 x
 6cosec3 2 x cot 2 x
e y  x cot 3x
This is a product, so let h y  cot 2 (2 x  1)
u  x and v  cot 3 x
and use the product rule. Let u  cot(2 x  1); then y  u 2
du dv
 1 and  3cosec2 3 x
dx dx du dy
 2 cosec 2 (2 x  1) and  2u
dx du
dy
 x (3cosec 2 3 x )  cot 3 x 1
dx Using the chain rule,
 cot 3 x  3x cosec 2 3 x
 2u  2cosec 2 (2 x  1) 
dy
dx
 4 cot(2 x  1) cosec 2 (2 x  1)
1
3 a f ( x)  (sec x) 2
Using the chain rule,
1
f ( x )  12 (sec x ) 2  sec x tan x
1
 12 (sec x ) 2 tan x

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 x2
1
3 b f ( x)  cot x  (cot x) 2 c f ( x) 
Using the chain rule, tan x
1 Let u  x and v  tan x
2
f ( x)  12 (cot x) 2  ( cosec2 x)
du dv
1  2x and  sec 2 x
  12 (cot x) 2 cosec2 x dx dx
Using the quotient rule,
c f ( x)  cosec2 x  (cosec x)2 2 x tan x  x 2 sec2 x
f ( x) 
Using the chain rule, tan 2 x
f ( x)  2(cosec x)1 (  cosec x cot x)
d f ( x )  e x sec3 x
 2 cosec x cot x
2

Let u  e x and v  sec3x

d f ( x)  tan 2 x  (tan x)2 du dv
 e x and  3sec 3 x tan 3 x
dx dx
Using the chain rule, Using the product rule,
f ( x)  2 tan x  sec2 x  2 tan x sec2 x f ( x )  3e x sec 3x tan 3x  e x sec3 x
 e x sec3x (3 tan 3x  1)
e f ( x )  sec x  (sec x)
3 3

Using the chain rule, ln x

f ( x)  3(sec x) 2 sec x tan x  3sec3 x tan x e f ( x) 
tan x
Let u  ln x and v  tan x
f f ( x)  cot3 x  (cot x)3 du 1 dv
 and  sec 2 x
Using the chain rule, dx x dx
Using the quotient rule,
f ( x)  3(cot x)2 (cosec2 x)
1
  tan x  ln x sec x
2
 3cot 2 x cosec2 x
f ( x)   
x
tan 2 x
4 a f ( x)  x 2 sec3 x
tan x  x ln x sec 2 x
Let u  x2 and v  sec3x 
x tan 2 x
du dv
 2 x and  3sec 3x tan 3 x
dx dx
e tan x
Using the product rule, f f ( x) 
f ( x )  3 x 2 sec3 x tan 3 x  2 x sec 3x cos x
Let u  etan x and v  cos x
du dv
b f ( x) 
tan 2 x  e tan x sec2 x and   sin x
x dx dx
Let u  tan 2 x and v  x Using the quotient rule,
du dv e tan x sec 2 x cos x  e tan x ( sin x )
 2sec 2 2x and 1 f ( x ) 
dx dx cos2 x
Using the quotient rule, e tan x sec x  e tan x sin x

2 x sec 2 2 x  tan 2 x cos 2 x
f ( x ) 
x2 e tan x (sec x  sin x)

cos 2 x
 e tan x (sec3 x  sec x tan x )
 e tan x sec x (sec 2 x  tan x )

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 1 π
5 a y  sec x cosec x c When x  ,
cos x sin x 3
Let u  sec x and v  cosec x 1 1 4 4 3
du dv y 1 3  
 sec x tan x and  cosec x cot x
 
cos 3 sin 3 2  2 3 3
dx dx
Using the product rule, dy 1 1 4 8
dy    4
 sec x( cosec x cot x)
   
2 1 2
dx 3
2
3 3
dx 2

 cosec x(sec x tan x) or, using the alternative expression,

cos x sin x dy 2  1  8
   4   
cos x sin x sin x sin x cos x cos x dx 3  3 3
1 1
 2  Equation of tangent is
sin x cos 2 x
4 3 8 π
y  x 
Alternative solution: 3 3 3
1 2
y  = 2 cosec 2 x 3 y  4 3  8x 
8π
cos x sin x sin 2 x 3
(because sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x)
24 x  9 y  12 3  8π  0
dy
 4 cosec 2 x cot 2 x This is in the required form ax  by  c  0
dx
With a = 24, b = −9 and c  12 3  8π.
dy
b At stationary points 0 1
dx 6 y  sec x 
1 1 cos x
2
 2 0 Let u  1 and v  cos x
cos x sin x
1 1 du dv
  0 and   sin x
cos x sin 2 x
2 dx dx
Using the quotient rule,
tan 2 x  1
dy cos x  0  1 (  sin x )
tan x  1 
dx cos 2 x
In the interval 0 < x ⩽ π
sin x
π 3π   sec x tan x
there are two solutions, and . cos 2 x
4 4
So the number of stationary points is 2. 1
7 y  cot x 
Alternative solution: tan x
4cosec 2 x cot 2 x  0 Let u  1 and v  tan x
du dv
cosec 2 x  0  0 and  sec 2 x
dx dx
but cot 2 x  0 has two solutions Using the quotient rule,
in the interval 0 < x ⩽ π.
dy tan x  0  1 sec 2 x sec 2 x
So there are 2 stationary points.   2
dx tan 2 x tan x
1
2 1
  cos2 x   2  cosec 2 x
sin x sin x
2
cos x

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8 a Let y  arccos x x
b Let y  arctan
So x  cos y 2
dx
  sin y x
dy Let t  ; then y  arctan t
2
dy 1

dx sin y dt 1 dy 1
 and 
sin y  cos y  1
2 2
dx 2 dt 1  t 2
sin y  1  cos 2 y  1  x 2 dy dy dt
dy 1  
  dx dt dx
dx 1  x2 1 1 1 1
   
1 t 2
2
 x 2
x2
b Let y  arctan x 2 1   2 
 4 2
So x  tan y 2

dx
 sec 2 y 4  x2
dy
dy 1 c Let y  arcsin 3x
 So sin y  3x
dx sec 2 y
1 1 sin y
  x
1  tan y 1  x 2
2 3
dx cos y

9 a Let y  arccos 2 x dy 3
dy 3
Let t  2 x; then y  arccos t 
dx cos y
dt dy 1 sin 2 y  cos 2 y  1
 2 and 
dx dt 1 t2
cos y  1  sin 2 y  1  (3x )2  1  9 x 2
dy dy dt
  dy 3
dx dt dx  
1 dx 1  9 x2
 2
1 t 2 d Let y  arccot x
2 So x  cot y

1  4x2 dx
 cosec 2 y
dy
dy 1

dx cosec 2 y
1 1
 
1  cot y 1  x 2
2

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9 e Let y  arcsec x h Let y  arccos x 2
So x  sec y
Let t  x 2 and y  arccos t
dx
 sec y tan y
dy dt dy 1
 2 x and 
dy 1 dx dt 1 t2

dx sec y tan y
1  tan 2 y  sec 2 y dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx
tan y  sec 2 y  1  x 2  1 1 2 x
  2x 
dy 1 1 t 2
1  x4
 
dx x x 2  1
i Let y  e x arccos x
f Let y  arccosec x Using the product rule,
So x  cosec y dy  1  x
 ex    e arccos x
dx dx  1  x 2

 cosec y cot y
dy  1 
 e x  arccos x  
dy

1  1  x2 
dx cosec y cot y
j Let y  arcsin x cos x
1  cot 2 y  cosec 2 y
Using the product rule,
cot y  cosec 2 y  1  x 2  1 dy 1
 arcsin x ( sin x )  cos x
dy 1 dx 1  x2
 
dx x x 2  1 cos x
  sin x arcsin x
1  x2
 x 
g Let y  arcsin  
 x 1  k Let y  x 2 arccos x
x Using the product rule,
Let u  dy 1
x 1  x2   2 x arccos x
dy 1
dx 1  x2
then y  arcsin u,  x2
du 1  u2  2 x arccos x 
Using the quotient rule, 1  x2
du ( x  1)  1  x  1 1  x 
   x  2 arccos x  
dx ( x  1) 2
( x  1) 2  1  x2 
dy d y d u 1 1
   
1  u ( x  1)
2
dx d u dx 2

1 1
 
1  ( xx1)2
2
( x  1) 2

1 1
 
( x 1)  x
2 2
( x  1)2
( x 1) 2

1 1 1
  
1 2 x
x 1
( x  1) 2
( x  1) 1  2 x

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9 l Let y  earctan x 11 x  (arccos y )2
x  arccos y
Let u  arctan x; then y  eu
y  cos ( x )
1
dy du 1 Let u  x  x 2 ; then y  cos u
 eu and 
du dx 1  x 2 du 1  12 1 dy
 x  and   sin u
dx 2 2 x du
dy dy du
 
dx du dx Using the chain rule,
eu earctan x dy 1 sin x
    sin u  
1  x2 1  x2 dx 2 x 2 x
arctan 2x sin 2 x  cos2 x  1
10 a y 
x sin x  1  cos 2 x
Let u  arctan 2 x and v  x dy 1  cos2 x
 
du 2 dv dx 2 x
 and 1
dx 1  4 x 2
dx
Using the quotient rule, 12 a x  cosec5 y
 2  dx
x   1 arctan 2 x  5cosec 5 y cot 5 y
dy  1  4x2  dy

dx x2 dy 1
2 arctan 2 x 
  dx 5cosec5 y cot 5 y
x (1  4 x )
2
x2
b 1  cot 2 5 y  cosec2 5 y
3
When x  , cot 5 y  cosec 2 5 y  1  x 2  1
2
dy 1
dy 2 arctan 3  
 
  
5x x2  1
dx
 
2 2
dx 3
1 4 3 3
2 2 2


2
  3

2 4
3 3
4

1 4π 3 3  4π
  
3 9 9

3
b When x  ,
2

arctan 3 2π 2 3π
y 3
 3
3
 
2 2 3 3 9
Equation of normal is
2 3 π  9   3
y    x  
9  3 3  4π   2 
 9  9 3 2 3π
y   x 
 3 3  4π  6 3  8π 9

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